Tổng hợp các chuyên đề hóa học hay

www.tuhoc.edu.vn – —C—OR', O VD1: CH3COOCH3, HCOOCH3, CH3OCO–COOCH3 RCOOR' O R—C—O—R' RCOOH + R'OH ↽ H ,to ⇀ RCOOR' + H2O (1) Este no (2) Este không no • • • VD2: nH2nO2 A) CH3COOH C) HCOOCH3 B) CH2(COOH)2 D) CH2=CH–CH2OH htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn A) HCOOH C) (COOCH3)2 B) (COOH)2 D) HCOOC2H5 không A) CH3COOCH2CH3 C) HCOOCH3 B) CH3COCH3 D) C6H5COOCH3 không A) CH3OOCCH3 C) HOOCCH3 B) HCOOCH3 D) CH2=CHCOOCH3 O O 3–C–O–CH2CH2–O–C–CH3 A) CH3COOCH2OOCCH3 C) CH3COOCH2COCH3 B) CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3 D) CH3COOCH2CH2COCH3 O 3–O–C–C2H5 A) CH3OCOC2H5 C) C2H5COOCH3 B) CH3OOCC2H5 D) A) CH3COOCH3 C) (COOCH3)2 B) (COOH)2 D) (CH2CHO)2 2=CHCOOCH3 A) B) C) D) 3OOC–COOCH3 este A) B) C) D) htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn A 3COO–CH2CH2–OCOCH3 A) B) C) D) B A) CnH2nO2 (n 2) C) CnH2n–2O2 (n 3) B) CnH2nO (n D) CnH2n+2O2 (n A) CnH2n–2O2 (n C) CnH2n–2O4 (n B) CnH2n–4O4 (n 2) D) CnH2nO4 (n 3) 1) C 2) 4) D A) B) C) D) E 4H8O2 A) B) C) F TOPPER Chú ý D) 5H10O2 A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) G H I htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog A) HCOOC2H5 CH3COOCH3 B) C2H3COOC2H5 C2H5COOC2H5 C) C2H5COOCH3 HCOOCH(CH3)2 D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3 CH3COOC2H5 www.tuhoc.edu.vn Danh pháp RCOOH RCOO + H+ VD3: Ion CH3COO fomat; ion CH2=CHCOO acrylat VD4: CH3COO—CH3 axetat metyl axetat metyl HCOO—CH=CH2 fomat vinyl fomat vinyl J A) fomic C) benzoat K B) axetat D) fomat 6H5COO A) benzoic C) benzoat TOPPER Chú ý B) stiren D) axetat L CH2=C(CH3)-COOH axit metacrylic 2=C(CH3)COO B) benzoat D) metacrylat A) acrylat C) fomat M (a) HCOOCH3 (c) CH2=C(CH3)COOC2H5 (e) C6H5COOCH3 2=CH-CH2- (b) CH2=CHCOOCH3 (d) CH3COOCH=CH2 (f) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 anlyl 6H 56H5CH2- htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog N 3OCO–COOCH3 A) C) O (a) etyl fomat (c) phenyl axetat (e) benzyl acrylat B) D) (b) vinyl axetat (d) anlyl axetat www.tuhoc.edu.vn ancol, phenol, axit cacboxylic — TOPPER Chú ý • RCOOR' + H2O ↽ • RCOOR' + NaOH H ,to ⇀ RCOOH + R'OH to RCOONa + R'OH O LiAlH4 R—C—O—R' ancol VD5: CH3COOCH3 LiAlH4 to CH3CH2OH + CH3OH P H ,to ⇀ (a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O ↽ to (b) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH (c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH to (d) (COOCH3)2 + NaOH to (e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + NaOH Q (a) RCH2OH + R'OH to to O CH2–O–C–CH3 + H2 O ↽ H ,to ⇀ CH2–O–C–CH=CH2 O (b) O O CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH to htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn Nhóm –COOH 2O CO2 H2 Không Nhóm –COO– Không R 4H8O2 ancol A) B) C) D) B) C) D) S C4H8O2 A) T 2H4O2 A) B) C) U D) 4H8O2 A) B) C) D) V X (C5H10O2) + NaOH Y + HCl T T + Ag2O/NH3 Z H2SO4 (®Æc) 180 oC to (NH4)2CO3 + Ag but–2–en + H2O htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn • H ,to 2O ↽ ⇀ Axit + Ancol A ancol, B axit • axit không 3OH + CO W xt to CH3COOH 4H8O2 A) metanol C) axit fomic B) etyl axetat D) etanol X X Y (MX < MY A) metyl propionat C) etyl axetat Y B) metyl axetat D) vinyl axetat 6H10O4 A) CH3OCO–CH2–COOC2H5 B) C2H5OCO–COOCH3 C) CH3OCO–COOCH3 D) CH3OCO–CH2CH2–COOC2H5 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn TOPPER Chú ý VD6: CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH CH2=CH ↽ ⇀ CH3CH=O CH3COONa + CH2=CH–OH H—O Z (a) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH (b) HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH (c) HCOOCH=CHCH3 + NaOH (d) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH a Cho este sau: etyl fomat (1); vinyl axetat (2); metyl acrylat (3); ancol A) 1, 2, C) 2, 3, B) 1, 3, D) 1, 2, b sinh ancol A) B) C) D) htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn • TH1: • TH2: 1) 2) c 4H6O2 A) B) C) D) d 4H6O2 A) HCOOCH=CHCH3 C) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 B) HCOOCH2CH=CH2 D) CH3COOCH=CH2 e 3 A) HCOOCH=CH2 C) HCOOCH3 B) CH3COOCH=CH2 D) CH3COOCH=CHCH3 f Este X (C4HnO2) A) CH3COOCH2CH3 C) CH3COOCH=CH2 NaOH to Y AgNO3 NH3 ,to Z NaOH to C2H3O2Na ã cho B) CH2=CHCOOCH3 D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn R' O hay RCOOC6H4R' R—C—O— • —O este to RCOO–C6H4R' + NaOH RCOONa + R'C6H4OH • R'C6H4OH + NaOH nNaOH neste R'C6H4ONa + H2O nNaOH neste • • VD7: CH3COOC6H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C6H5OH C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O CH3COOC6H5 + 2NaOH CH3COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O g (a) HCOOC6H5 + NaOH (b) CH3COO(p–C6H4–CH3) + NaOH TOPPER Chú ý h X NaOH (d−) to Y A) axit axetic, phenol B) anhiđrit axetic, phenol C) anhiđrit axetic, natri phenolat D) axit axetic, natri phenolat 2O i htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog Phenyl axetat 9H10O2 A) CH3COOCH2C6H5 C) C6H5COOC2H5 Cho X tác B) HCOOC6H4C2H5 D) C2H5COOC6H5 10 www.tuhoc.edu.vn D loãng (dư), thu KMnO4, BaCl2, Cl2 (A) Hòa tan hoàn toàn Fe3O4 2SO4 3)2, ă (B) (C) (D) E 2SO4 +6 SO2)? (A) Fe3O4 (C) FeCO3 (B) FeS (D) Fe(OH)2 F H2SO4 (A) FeS (B) FeS2 (C) FeO (là (D) FeCO3 G 3O4 (A) 1394,90 (C) 1311,90 H (B) 1325,02 (D) 959,59 Hoà tan hoàn toàn 0,1 mol FeS2 200 ml dung đư đa trình trên, m (A) 12,8 (B) 6,4 N +5 (C) 9,6 (D) 3,2 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 10 www.tuhoc.edu.vn Câu C A C A D C D B A A C B C C B D D E B F C G B H A htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 11 www.tuhoc.edu.vn 22s22p63s23p63d54s1 21 Crom (II): CrO, Cr(OH)2, CrCl2 Crom (III): Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, Cr2(SO4)3 Crom (VI): CrO3, H2Cr2O7, K2Cr2O7, NaCrO4 + O2, to Cr2O3 (r) + NH3 CrO3 o H2O CrCl3 (r) Cr +2 + HCl + H2SO4 (l) + Cl2 Cr + Br2 +3 OH– Cr(OH)2 +6 Cr Cr + SO2, KI + Zn H+ H2CrO4, H2Cr2O7 H+ + (O2 + H2O) Cr(OH)3 OH– [Cr(OH)4]– Tính oxi hóa có tính axit htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn (A (B (C (D 3+ (A) [Ar]3d6 (B) [Ar]3d5 (C) [Ar]3d4 (D) [Ar]3d3 (A) –2, –3, +6 (C) +2, +3, +6 (A) +2 (B) +2, +4, +6 (D) +3, +5 2Cr2O7 (B) +6 (D) +12 (C) +3 (A) Cr2O3, Cr(OH)2, CrCl3 (C) Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrCl3 (B) CrO3, Cr(OH)3, Cr2(SO4)3 (D) CrO, KCrO4, Na2Cr2O7 A) CrCl2 (A) Ag B) CrCl3 (B) Au (A) 2Cr + O2 (C 2S3 C) CrO3 (C) Fe D) Cr2O3 (D) Cr không đúng? (B) 2Cr + 3Cl2 (D) 3Cr + N2 3N2 Cho phương trình: M + 2HCl → MCl2 + H2 M không sau đây? (A) Mg (B) Cr (C) Fe (D) Al A (A) Al, Mg, Cr (C) Fe, Cr, Al H2SO4 (B) Cu, Au, Ag (D) Na, K, Ba htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn B Trong câu sau đây, câu không đúng? (A) Crom (B) Crom kim (C (D C Phát 2 không so sánh tính (A) 2SO4 (B) (C) (D) D (A) không đúng? (B) (C) (D) E (A) CrO3, FeO, CrCl3, Cu2O (C) Fe2O3, Cu2O, Cr2O3, FeCl2 (B) Fe2O3, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2 (D) Fe3O4, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2 F (A) (B) (C) không đúng? Cr2+ (D) Crom(VI) oxit oxit bazơ G aK2Cr2O7 + bFeSO4 + cH2SO4 (A) 10 (B) 15 dCr2(SO4)3 + eFe2(SO4)3 + fK2SO4 + gH2O (C) 12 (D) 26 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn H 2SO4 2CrO4 (A) (B) (C) (D) I (A) (B) (C) (D) J 2(SO4)3, sau 2O2 (A) không màu (B) vàng K (A) (C) xanh tím (C) da cam không (B) tính (C) CrO3 (D) 2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 òn L (A) Cr(OH)3 sai? 3+ (B) (C) (D) thành Cr oxi hóa CrO2 thành CrO42 M Cr (A) CrCl2 Cr(OH)3 (C) CrCl3 K2CrO4 Cl2 (d−), to X KOH (®Æc, d−) + Cl2 Y (B) CrCl3 K2Cr2O7 (D) CrCl2 K2CrO4 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn N (B.09 – 148): Cr(OH)3 KOH x (Cl2 + KOH) Y H2SO4 Z (FeSO4 + H2SO4 ) T (A) K2CrO4; KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3 (B) KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; Cr2(SO4)3 (C) KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; CrSO4 (D) KCrO2; K2CrO4; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn 31 22s22p63s23p63d104s1 41 2, CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 CuSO4 xanh [Cu(NH3)4]2+ NH3 Cu(OH)2 OH– + (HCl + O2), HNO3, H2SO4 + dd FeCl3, AgNO3 H+ + O2 (không khí), to Cu CuSO4.5H2O Cu(NO3)2.3H2O Cu2+ (dd) không khí, 1000 oC 3), to Cu2 to CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 (r) + khí Cl2 khô CuCl2 (r) Tính oxi hóa htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn O (A (C (B (D P 2+ (A) [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d84s1 (B) [Ar]4s23d9 [Ar]4s23d7 (C) [Kr]3d94s2 [Kr]3d9 (D) [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d9 Q (A) + 2, +3 (C) 0, +2 (B) +1, +2 (D) +2, -2 R (A) Cu, Al, Fe, Ag (C) Al, Fe, Cu, Ag (B) Ag, Al, Cu, Fe (D) Ag, Cu, Al, Fe S (A (C (B (D T (A) 2Cu + O2 (B) Cu + S (C) Cu + Cl2 không đúng? +t + to 2CuO CuS o +t (D) Cu + 2HCl U (A) Cu + Pb(NO3)2 (C) Cu + H2SO4 VC o CuCl2 CuCl2 + H2 (B) (D) Cu + HCl (loãng) + O2 òa tan khí oxi (A (B) htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog (C (D www.tuhoc.edu.vn W (A) Mg (B) Al (C) Cu X (D) Fe → Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O Sau (A) (C) (B) (D) Y (A) NaOH (C KNO3 (B) HCl (D Z (4) HNO3 3, (2) FeCl2, (3) H2SO4 (A) (1), (3), (5) (C) (1), (3), (4) (B) (1), (2), (3) (D) (1), (4), (5) a (A) Cu – Ni (C) Cu – Zn (B) Cu – Sn (D) Cu – Au b CuO không (A) CO (B) Cu (C) N2 c (A) Cu(OH)2 (C) CuSO4 (D) Al không (B) Cu(NO3)2 (D) CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 d (A (B (C (D OH)2 đúng? e (A) 2SO4 (B) (C) (D) htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn f (A) [Cu(NH3)4]OH (C) [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 (B) [Ag(NH3)2]OH (D) [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2 g (A) CuO (C) CuSO4 khan (B) quì tím (D) Cu(OH)2 khan h + O2 , to CuFeS2 X + O2 , to (A) Cu2O, CuO (C) Cu2S, CuO Y + X, to Cu (B) CuS, CuO (D) Cu2S, Cu2O i (B.07 – 285): to (1) Cu2O + Cu2S (3) CuO + CO (A) to (B) (2) Cu(NO3)2 (4) CuO + NH3 (C) to to (D) htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn 51 Ag Au Ni Zn Sn Pb +1 +3 +2 +2 +2, +4 +2, +4 inoc – Công hóa Ag + 2HNO3 AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 2Ag2S↓ + 2H2O – Vàng: Au + HNO3 + 3HCl – Niken: 2Ni + O2 Ni + Cl2 o 500 C to Zn + H2SO4 AuCl3 + 2H2O + NO↑ 2NiO NiCl2 ZnSO4 + H2↑ 2O Sn + O2 : 3HCl) to to Na2[Zn(OH)4] + H2↑ SnO2 3Sn + 8HNO3 (loãng) 3Sn + 16HNO3 – Chì: 3Sn(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O 3Sn(NO3)4 + 4NO + 8H2O Na2[Sn(OH)6] + 2H2↑ 2O 3Pb + 8HNO3 (loãng) 3Pb(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O 2O to Na2[Pb(OH)4] + H2↑ htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 10 www.tuhoc.edu.vn j không (A) Pb2+ + Sn Pb + Sn2+ (B) Sn2+ + Ni Sn + Ni2+ (C) Pb2+ + Ni Pb + Ni2+ (D) Sn2+ + Pb Pb2+ + Sn k 2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Sn2+, Au3+ Ion (A) Pb2+ Ni2+ (B) Ag+ Zn2+ (C) Au3+ Zn2+ (D) Ni2+ Sn2+ l (A (B (C (D 2SO4 loãng 3PO4 m (A (B (C) ion Ag+ + (D n (A) oxi không khí oxi hóa (B (C 2S (D 2O O2 có không khí o 2+ 2+ (A (B 2Cr3+ + 3Sn Câu sau 2+ (C) Sn2+ 3+ (D) Cr3+ 2+ htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 11 www.tuhoc.edu.vn p Ni2+ 2+/Ni? (A) Pb2+/Pb (B) Cu2+/Cu (C) Sn2+/Sn (D) Cr3+/Cr q (A) : – (B) : r (A) s (A (D + Sn2+ + H+ 2Cr2O7 (B) Mn2+ + Sn4+ + H2 (C) : + HCl (D) : KCl + CrCl3 + H2O + Cl2 Trong (C) 3 (D) 14 (B (D 2SO4 4, H2SO4 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 12 www.tuhoc.edu.vn Câu Câu Câu D J B b C D K B c C C L B d A B M C e C C N D f C C O C g C D P D h B A Q B i A D R D j D A C S B k C B B T D l D C C U D m C D D V D n C E A W C o B F D X C p D G C Y C q D H C Z D r B I A a C s D htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 13 [...]... CH3COOC2H5 và HCOOC3H7 3 www.tuhoc.edu.vn C CH3COOCH3 A) 400 ml C) 150 ml B) 300 ml D) 200 ml A) 60 ml C) 600 ml B) 300 ml D) 120 ml 2H5 và 2H5 và D E CH3COOCH3 2SO4 A) 4,05 B) 8,10 C) 18,00 o D) 16,20 F 2SO4 A) 12, 6 B) 6,3 C) 11,2 D) 5,6 G 4H8O2 oC 2SO4 A) 1,8 B) 1,6 C) 3,6 Sau khi các D) 2,7 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 4 www.tuhoc.edu.vn R(COOR')a + aNaOH R(COONa)a + aR'OH (RCOO)bR' + bNaOH bRCOONa + R'(OH)b... CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COONa + C2H5OH (c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH (d) (COOCH3)2 + 2NaOH htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog to (e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + 2NaOH to CH3COONa + CH2=CHCH2OH (COONa)2 + 2CH3OH to (CH2OH)2 + 2CH3COONa 12 www.tuhoc.edu.vn Q O CH2–O–C–CH3 CH2–OH (a) + 2H2O ↽ H ,to ⇀ CH2–O–C–CH=CH2 CH3COOH + CH2–OH CH2=CHCOOH O O O (b) CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH to NaOOC CH=CH COONa + 2CH3OH V X = HCOOCH(CH3)CH2CH3 Z =... 27,9 – 0,05 40 = 25,9 (gam) 68a+ 82b = 25,9 (gam) 1 và 2 2 a = 0,2; b = 0,1 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 3 www.tuhoc.edu.vn 7 2 A) HCOOCH2CH2CH3 C) C2H5COOCH3 B) CH3COOCH2CH3 D) HCOOCH(CH3)2 8 2 A) 10,2 B) 12, 3 C) 14,1 D) 18,9 2 V là A) 4,48 B) 2,464 2 C) 3,36 D) 3,808 A gam H2 2 A) CH2=C(CH3)–COOH C) HOOC–(CH2)3–COOH B CO2 A) CH2=CH–OH C) CH3CH2OH và 1,152 B) CH2=CH–COOH D) CH3CH2COOH 2 B) CH3OH D) CH2=CH–CH2OH... htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 6 www.tuhoc.edu.vn Câu 1 A Câu A D 2 A B D 3 C C B 4 A D A 5 D E C 6 D F B 7 B G D 8 D H D 9 D I C htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 7 www.tuhoc.edu.vn 1 lipit là axit béo O CH2—O—C——R1 Các axit béo O CH—O—C——R2 O CH2—O—C——R3 • • • không phân nhánh CTPT CTCT axit panmitic C15H31COOH CH3(CH2)14COOH 2H 2H axit stearic C17H35COOH CH3(CH2)16COOH axit oleic C17H33COOH CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH... (C17H35COO)3C3H5 A) 4 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 C Triolein A) axit oleic C) axit stearic H2 (d−) xt,to X NaOH (d−) to Y HCl Z B) axit linoleic D) axit panmitic htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 4 www.tuhoc.edu.vn D Cho các este: etyl fomat (1), vinyl axetat (2), triolein (3), metyl acrylat (4), phenyl axetat (5) Dãy A) (1), (3), (4) C) (1), (2), (3) B) (3), (4), (5) D) (2), (3), (5) E NaOH (dư), đun nóng sinh ra ancol