Assignment 2 Marketing Intelligence FPT Greenwich

Assignment 1 môn Marketing Intelligence. Nhận viết thuê assignment chuyên ngành marketing bằng tiếng anh hoặc tiếng việt giá hợp lý. Liên hệ 0978936352 Contents Task 1: Marketing research techniques 1 1.1 Evaluate different types of market research techniques 1 Suitable research technique on Ress Pub 8 1.2 Use sources of secondary data to achieve marketing research objectives 9 Task 2: Market Size and Future Demand 10 2.1 Assess market size trends for the client’s product. 10 2.2: Plan and Carry out a competitor analysis for your client’s product. 0 2.3: Evaluate your client’s opportunities and threats. 0 Bibliography 2

qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqw ertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwert yuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui Marketing Intelligence opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopa Assignment sdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf [Pick the date] Ha Hung Minh ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghj klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz xcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcv bnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwe rtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty Contents Task 1: Marketing research techniques 1.1 Evaluate different types of market research techniques Suitable research technique on Ress Pub 1.2 Use sources of secondary data to achieve marketing research objectives 10 Task 2: Market Size and Future Demand 11 2.1 Assess market size trends for the client’s product 11 2.2: Plan and Carry out a competitor analysis for your client’s product 2.3: Evaluate your client’s opportunities and threats Bibliography Task 1: Marketing research techniques 1.1 Evaluate different types of market research techniques Identify Primary research Secondary research Primary research is the research you Secondary research is based on the generate findings from other people's research by asking questions, conducting trials and collating results It This research can take the form of results of quantitative or qualitative research books, reports (Different type of research, 2014) Selections or summaries are made of Primary market research lets you investigate an issue of specific interest to your business, get involves the gathering other's or of research the the from Internet the research allowing for evidence to be gathered conclusions supporting (Different your type of research, 2014) feedback about your website, assess Internal data: financial report, demand for a proposed service, feedback from customer, gauge response to various packaging options, find out how much consumers will pay for a new product, and more Primary research specific results delivers than more secondary research, which is an especially important consideration when you're launching a new product or service In addition, primary research is usually based on statistical methodologies that involve sampling as little as percent of a target market This tiny sample can give an accurate representation of a particular market Advantages Targeted Issues are addressed: The Time and Cost effective: Usually time organization asking for the research and cost required to collect has the complete control on the secondary data is less than efforts process and the research is required to collect primary data streamlines as far as its objectives Data is available freely or at far lesser and scope is concerned Researching cost through secondary sources company can be asked to Extensiveness of data: Data concentrate their efforts to find data collected by governments and other regarding specific market rather than institutes is usually very extensive concentration on mass market and covers a large spectrum of issues An organization can filter that Data interpretation is better: The data and consider only parts which collected data can be examined and they are targeting interpreted by the marketers Basis of Primary Research: Data depending on their needs rather collected from secondary sources than relying on the interpretation gives an idea to organization about made by collectors of secondary effectiveness of primary research data From secondary data one can form hypothesis and can evaluate the cost Regency of Data: Usually secondary and efforts required to conduct own data is not so recent and it may not surveys One can also note down be specific to the place or situation issues, which are not covered from marketer is targeting The researcher secondary research and, need to be can use the irrelevant seeming addressed through primary research information for knowing trends or (Primary research and Secondary may be able to find some relation research, 2013) with the current scenario Thus primary data becomes a more accurate tool since we can use data which is useful for us (Different type of research, 2014) Proprietary Issues: Collector of primary data is the owner of that information and he need not share it with other companies and competitors This gives an edge over competitors replying on secondary data (Primary research Secondary research, 2013) and Disadvantages High Cost Collecting data using Data primary research is a Definitions: Secondary costly Researcher needs to understand proposition as marketer has to be various parameters and assumptions involved throughout and has to that primary research had taken design everything while collected information A term may have different meaning for Time Consuming Because of different people, example a term exhaustive nature of the exercise, 'youth' used is ambiguous and one the time required to research needs to find what is the assumed accurately is very long as compared age taken by primary researcher to secondary data, which can be Inaccuracy of Data: As we are not collected in much lesser time gathering our own information, first- duration hand, we are totally dependent on someone else's efforts Primary Inaccurate Feed-backs In case the researcher may have been biased or research involves taking feedbacks may have used questionable from the targeted audience, there methods to collect data; this can be are high chances that feedback given pretty risky for secondary is not correct Feedbacks by their researchers to base their report on basic nature are usually biased or such data given just for the sake of it Time Lag collected More number of resources Issues: from Information books, historical is surveys are usually not sync with the required Leaving aside cost and times and might have changed time, other resources like human drastically Thus making such resources and materials too are information a foundation of research needed in larger quantity to may be highly risky for the business surveys and data collection (Primary or project research and Secondary research, May not be Specific: Extensiveness 2013) of such information is its benefit as well as drawback Organization will not get answers to their specific issues through this data directly and one needs to 'mine' further into it to get relevant information Proprietary Issues: Some of the secondary sources might have copyrighted their information and using them without permission can lead to various legal complications (Primary research and Secondary research, 2013) Qualitative focus research: groups, interviews, ethnographies, participant observations Quantitative research: controlled, laboratory experiments, field work, questionnaires, surveys (Different type of research, 2014) Compare Primary research: involves the collection of data that does not already exist, meaning research activity to collect original data Primary research is often undertaken after the researcher has gained some insight into the issue by collecting secondary data Secondary research: involves the summary, collection and/or synthesis of existing research Secondary research includes meta-analyses and literature reviews (Different type of research, 2014) Qualitative research Identify Quantitative research Qualitative Research is primarily Quantitative Research is used to exploratory research It is used to quantify the problem by way of gain an understanding of generating numerical data or data underlying reasons, opinions, and that can be transformed into useable motivations It provides insights statistics It is used to quantify into the problem or helps to attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and develop ideas or hypotheses for other potential quantitative defined variables – and research generalize results from a larger Qualitative Research is also used to sample population Quantitative uncover trends in thought and Research uses measurable data to opinions, and dive deeper into the formulate facts and uncover patterns problem Qualitative collection data in research Quantitative data methods vary using collection methods are much more unstructured or semi-structured structured techniques Some than Qualitative data common collection methods Quantitative data methods include focus groups collection methods include various (group discussions), individual forms of surveys – online surveys, interviews, and paper surveys, mobile surveys and participation/observations The kiosk surveys, face-to-face interviews, sample size is typically small, and telephone interviews, longitudinal respondents are selected to fulfill a studies, website interceptors, online given quota (Qualitative Research, polls, and systematic observations 2012) Advantages Issues and subjects covered can be Practical evaluated in depth and in detail Large amounts of information can be Interviews are not limited to collected from a large number of particular questions and can be people in a short period of time and in redirected or guided by a relatively cost effective way researchers in real time Can be carried out by the researcher The direction and framework of or by any number of people with research can be revised quickly as limited affect to its validity and soon as fresh information and reliability findings emerge The results of the questionnaires can The data in qualitative research usually be quickly and easily depends on human experience and quantified by either a researcher or this is more powerful compelling than data and through the use of a software package gathered Can be analyzed more 'scientifically' through quantitative research and objectively than other forms of Complexities and subtleties about research the subjects of the research or the When data has been quantified, it can topic covered is usually missed by be used to compare and contrast many positivistic inquiries other research and may be used to Data is usually gathered from few measure change individuals or cases therefore Positivists believe that quantitative findings and outcomes cannot be data can be used to create new spread to However, larger findings populations theories and / or test existing can be hypotheses (Quantitative research, transferred to another setting 2013) With this type of research, the researcher has a clear vision on what to expect They collect data in a genuine effort of plugging data to bigger picture (Qualitative Research, 2012) Disadvantages The quality of research is heavily Is argued to be inadequate to dependent on the skills of the understand researcher and can be easily information some - i.e forms of changes of influenced by idiosyncrasies and personal emotions, behavior, feelings etc biases of Phenomenologists researchers state that quantitative research is simply an Rigidity is more difficult to assess, artificial creation by the researcher, as demonstrate and maintain The quantity of data it is asking only a limited amount of makes information without explanation interpretation and analysis time- Lacks validity consuming There is no way to tell how truthful a Qualitative research is sometimes respondent is being not accepted especially and within understood There is no way of telling how much scientific thought a respondent has put in communities The respondent may be forgetful or The presence of researcher in the not thinking within the full context of process of data gathering is the situation unavoidable and can therefore People may read differently into each affect or influence the responses of question and therefore reply based on subjects Issues their on confidentiality own interpretation of the and question - i.e what is 'good' to anonymity can pose problems someone may be 'poor' to someone during presentation of findings else, therefore there is a level of Findings can be time consuming subjectivity that is not acknowledged and difficult to present in visual There ways (Qualitative Research, 2012) is imposition, a level meaning of researcher that when developing the questionnaire, the researcher is making their own decisions and assumptions as to what is and is not important therefore they may be missing something that is of importance (Quantitative research, 2013) Suitable research technique on Ress Pub Both of secondary research and primary research are suitable with Ress Pub to finish the report First of all, Ress Pub is a small business so managers of Ress Pub don’t want to waste time and cost To beginning, they will use secondary research because secondary sources are available freely Moreover, data collected from secondary sources gives an idea to organization about effectiveness of primary research When managers of Ress Pub collect enough information from secondary research, they can find out things are missing secondary sources so they can find it from primary data It will help managers can save cost and time consuming when conduct the primary research Secondly, secondary data is not so recent and it is not be specific to situation of Ress Pub Thus primary research will collect data that useful for Ress Pub Primary research is more close to the objectives of the research, the author need to concentrate their efforts to find data regarding specific market rather than concentration on mass market Collector of primary data is the owner of that information and managers of Ress Pub don’t need to share it with other companies and competitors This gives an edge over competitors replying on secondary data Thirdly, in author opinion, Ress pub can use qualitative research because issues and subjects covered can be evaluated in depth and in detail Qualitative research used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations It also help to collect more information because interviews are not limited to particular questions and can be redirected or guided by researchers in real time Managers of Ress Pub just meet some focus group customers to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations However, if financial conditions allow, Ress Pub can also use quantitative research because quantitative data collection methods are much more structured than qualitative data collection methods 1.2 Use sources of secondary data to achieve marketing research objectives This task will provide some research before about the Pub and bar market Though it we can evaluate if they are suitable for this research or not Moreover, by basing on factors which people used to access market, we can choose factors more fit with the market research When know factors and items affect to the customer behavior or customer’s purchasing, Pub and Bar can improve the strengths and cut down or reduce the weakness That can help Pub and Bar can access the market which is the segmentation of the business and fight down their competitors So it is very important to know the factors as well as items affect to the access market With evaluating market of Pub and bar, there are some of expert’s researches before An example this is Wen-Ko Jang, department of International Business in Hong Kong has research about the factors affect to the evaluating market of Pub and Bar in Hong Kong In this research he reminded to some factors like pricing, place, promotion, transportation or appearance, etc of the Pub and bar which affect a lot to attract customer as well as customer’s purchasing (Jang, 1984) Another research of Department of Economics School of Economics and Commercial Law University of Gˆteborg about the Demand Pub and bar also used factors like pricing, customer service, location, promotion and appearance, etc to evaluate the quality of Pub and bar (Business, Economics and Law Faculty, 2001) With this research they used the interview group to evaluate the important of each factors Or in other the research have title “standard of a Pub and Bar” of Hong Kang- master of Marketing, lecture of Seoul University mentioned to some factors, such as, delicious of food and drink, the customer service, the location (view of Pub and Bar), and the hospitality, etc He used the scale point from to to evaluate the important of the factors (Dr, 2009) However, in Vietnam there are very few research about Pub and Bar, mostly from the essays of the University students This is a big disadvantage when looking for secondary information about Pub and Bar in Vietnam In all most researches they appreciate the factor food, location, appearance, pricing and customer service And each factors, the numbers of items is so large Of course with any researches also have the errors So how can we avoid the error and unnecessary items? Base on the research of interviewing can reduce the unnecessary items and using Screening question in survey can give us a result relatively accurate Task 2: Market Size and Future Demand 2.1 Assess market size trends for the client’s product 2015 2016 (forecast) Company/ SBU data Drinks and Fast-food Drinks and Fast-food Market name Vietnam Entertainment Vietnam services services Unit sales (packages) Entertainment Up to this moments 6.000 100.000 (from July 2015 to October 2015) Sales 300 million VND billion VND Profitability - billion VND -0.8 billion VND Market Data Market size (people) 4,3 million 5,7 million Market share 12% 15% No of dealers/distribution 1 Qualitative data Environment factors Political Factors Vietnam is considered as one of the countries with a stable level of high politics According to the Economic Institute on Peace (IEP), 2011, Vietnam ranks 30/153 on the level of political stability, which, including the assessment of the risk of war, security full politics Overall, the government of Vietnam has always sought to provide policies to support businesses Besides, also attempts to create a level playing field for domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises May / 2010, the Government has launched six major measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises, related to problem loan support, corporate administrative procedures Businesses in Vietnam have many kind of tax based on government law such as: Excise tax, corporate income tax, V.A.T tax, import and export duties, personal income tax, natural resource tax, special consumption tax, land tax (0.2%) (PESTLE of Vietnam, 2015) Economics Factors Economic market in Vietnam in the recent period has seen great development Vietnam's economy more integrated with the world Besides, the market gradually less government regulation In 2010, in conditions of global economic crisis slow recovery, but Vietnam's economy has been out of the downturn, gradually recovered and grow rapidly Vietnam's economy has stabilized and steady development in recent times Vietnam had average GDP reach about $ 1,200/ person in 2012 The growth rate of GDP was 5.23% in 2012 and was 6.78% in 2013 However, Vietnam is facing big inflation than many regions of the world (PESTLE of Vietnam, 2015) Social Factors Vietnam is the interference of cultures through cultural movements Korea, Europe, America For example, on the road, we can easily see Vietnamese young people dressed Korea style and America style Hanoi's population is rejuvenating; 15-40 years old make up half the population of Hanoi Society Vietnam still have limitation of hours, for example parents often not agree their children hangout overnight, even children must come home before 11 pm The average life expectancy, health status, nutrition, diet The average income, income distribution Lifestyle, education, the aesthetic standpoint, psychological life Living condition (PESTLE of Vietnam, 2015) Technological Factors Currently, the explosion of information technology and especially the Internet has helped businesses reach and promote their images quickly and easily Especially Vietnam is a country with high level of Internet development in the world During the explosion of information technology at present, this is a new opportunity for businesses (PESTLE of Vietnam, 2015) Entertainment service industry use social network to advertise their services Legal Vietnam located in areas considered to have a very high level of fraud Vietnam in top hotspots of administrative fraud and Vietnam ranked 116/178 countries on transparency This is a major challenge Managing and protecting the brand in Vietnam is not interested This is a major disadvantage with businesses Administrative procedures in Vietnam are still cumbersome compared to the region and the world import duty and excise taxes are:” For alcohol of an alcoholic strength of less than 20 degrees C, the rate of 25% And alcohol of an alcoholic strength of 20 degrees Celsius or more, applying the tax rate to 45% from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2012 As from 01.01.2013, the tax rate will be 50%” (Vietnam Business Law , 2015) Vietnam law also prohibits the business after 12 midnight, this is a huge disadvantage (Vietnam Business Law , 2015) In conclusion, Vietnam law is still weak and flawed (PESTLE of Vietnam, 2015) Environmental Climate change is a topical issue and very strong impact Vietnam has been identified as one of the countries strongly affected by climate change the most by rising sea levels (PESTLE of Vietnam, 2015) Critical success factors Reasonable prices: Management of Ress Pub had a research about price, so they have the price is cheaper than another Pub in Hanoi area They also know detail about price of all kind of wines Therefore, price of drinks are cheaper Perfect Drinks: Ress Pub always import real wines so customers will remember the drinks Growing/ stable/ declining Report on "entertainment industry", recently released by the company stock shares and Commercial Bank of Vietnam (VietinBankSc) shows that the trend goes to the pub bar is rising very sharply Overall, the services entertainment of Vietnam is hot development, as indicated in the criteria as growth compared to the average of the domestic economy, the number of bars, pubs increased The entry of many foreign companies will make the entertainment services market becomes more active (Sức hấp dẫn ngành dịch vụ giải trí, 2015)  The entertainment service industry is growing Key competitors and their Funky B Pub strategies Rockstore Pub Target market: Young people Target market: Young people (16-25 years old), Foreign (16-25 years old), Foreign customers customers Advantages: Strong brand, Advantages: Strong brand Future competitors strong financial nearby center abilities, Nearby of center of Hanoi Hanoi (where have foreign traveler) (where have foreign traveler) Drinks and fast-foods are Good DJ diversity Strategy: Market share Strategy: Increase profits Polite Pub, Prague Pub, Factory Bar, Mao’s Red Lounge (ngoisao, 2014) Segmentation opportunities Report on "entertainment industry", recently released by the company stock shares and Commercial Bank of Vietnam (VietinBankSc) shows that, while the crisis led to a decline in most economic sectors, entertainment services industry Vietnam has recorded upstream growth with an average speed of 17.61% / year in the year period from 2009 to 2013 (in VND) The report pointed out, Vietnam is a country with a young population, with the age group 15-40 years old accounted for nearly half the population, the age at which is considered the most high-demand about entertainment services (Sức hấp dẫn ngành dịch vụ giải trí, 2015) Ease of entry -Opening a bar / nightclub could be very costly The cost to open a bar dependent on the size, location, target market, type and design shop -Vietnam's policies hindered greatly to open the pub bar as: If you sell alcohol, you must have a business license alcohol If you directly import wine business, you have to pay import duty and excise taxes 2.2: Plan and Carry out a competitor analysis for your client’s product There are more than 80 bars and pubs in Hanoi area Author will provide famous pubs representative to compare because pubs have similar models activities Ress Pub Profile Funky B Rockstore Ress pub was built by businessman Funky B, formerly called Funky Located in the heart of old town and 200 Pham Viet Trung –CEO of Services Buddha is one of the perennial bar in meters from Hoan Kiem Lake, Rockstore and Entertainment NNC Company- the old town, was born in 2008 The bar is one of the best rocks in Hanoi Come and opened in May, 2015 The aim shop is designed in a modern style to the paradise of rock music, young was to create a place where and proximity, the layout is changed people can enjoy the exciting moments of hipsters and teenagers have a good every year but always the same entertainment with DJ best artists in Asia, time to relax Ress pub offer a music If you arrive early, you can the rock band Rockstore was opened in range of beer, cocktail, mock tail, enjoy a drink with electronic music 2012 (ngoisao, 2014) wines, spirits, foods and DJ, live Deep House Somewhat later is at music ( Ress Pub, 2015) Funky House Electronic music On weekdays, guests whose like Funky House Progressive Popular music often come here to relax (ngoisao, 2014) Location 747 Au Co street, West Lake district 61 Ma May street, Hoan Kiem district Ta Hien street, Hoan Kiem district Goals Services leadership Market share Increase profits Because of a new pub, Ress Pub When have loyal customers and After needs to shape brand the shaping brand and have to brand strong enough, Funky B focus customer loyalty, Rockstore need to customers Ress pub turns into a on expanding market Funky intend recover capital and accumulate financial to habit of customers every time they to open another one pub in West expand market (khoinghiep, 2015) want to relax Lake in 2016, there's less competition (khoinghiep, 2015) Response Ress Pub has Free BBQ event on Funky B have Series of events Buddha Rockstore Pub doesn’t respond => LaidSaturday each week Beat held every first Saturday each back response Lady Night on Wednesday each month with international DJs like DJ week (free one tequila for female) Jesse Garcia performances, Born To Happy hours (free beer from 7p.m Funk, The Beatifies UK, DJ B Henry to 8.30 pm every day) Funky B also has international residents DJ plays in Wednesday Funky B reacts to any attack of Ress Pub => Tiger response Price Drinks 25.000- 70.000 VND Drinks 45.000- 120.000 VND Drinks 50.000- 150.000 VND Fast food: 30.000-80.000VND ( Fast food: 50.000-150.000VND Fast food: 50.000-150.000VND Ress Pub, 2015) (ngoisao, 2014) (ngoisao, 2014) Marketing Web presence Web presence Web presence channel http://pubress.com/intro http://punkyb.com/intro http://rockstore.com/intro -Facebook: -Facebook: -Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/resspub https://www.facebook.com/Funky-B- https://www.facebook.com/RockstoreHanoi Search engine marketing: Google 331065496982307/timeline/ ad words Search engine marketing: Google ad words Search engine marketing: Google ad words Target Young people (16-25 years old) Young people (16-25 years old) Young people (16-25 years old) market Hippest Foreign customers Foreign customers Foreign customers Strength Large Capacity Fan of rock Strong brand Cheap drinks compared to the Strong financial abilities Strong brand Nearby center of Hanoi (where have average Nearby center of Hanoi (where have foreign traveler) Large outdoor space foreign traveler) Free parking Good DJ Drinks and fast-foods are diversity Events with high frequency Weakness New brand Price are expensive Price are expensive Far from center of Hanoi Low frequency promotion Low frequency promotion 2.3: Evaluate your client’s opportunities and threats Opportunity Political Threats May / 2010, the Government Businesses in Vietnam have has launched six major many kind of tax based on measures to support small government law such as: and medium-sized Excise tax, corporate income enterprises, related problem loan corporate to tax, V.A.T tax, import and support, export duties, personal administrative income tax, natural resource procedures tax, special consumption tax, Ress Pub can loan the capital land tax So, in order to run that Vietnamese Government Ress Pub will very costly Ress support for corporate Pub must 20% tax of business, 25% taxes of import duty and excise taxes Social Vietnam is the interference of cultures through cultural movements Korea, Europe, America Pub is also the social integration Nowadays, young people have trend that go to the pub Ress Pub can have more potential customers Technology Currently, the explosion of information technology and especially the Internet has helped businesses reach and promote their images quickly and easily Especially Vietnam is a country with high level of Internet development in the world So Ress Pub can use internet marketing to approach a huge of customers and build the brand Legal Administrative procedures in Vietnam are still cumbersome compared to the region and the world It makes the management of Ress pub waste a lot of time to resolve administrative problems Economic Economic market in Vietnam in the recent period has seen great development When economic is good, people will have higher demand such as entertainment This is a big opportunity for Ress Pub and all the entertainment services Bibliography Business, Economics and Law Faculty (2001) Retrieved from Demand entertainment in morden life: http://uq.edu.au/study/index.html?id=4405 Qualitative Research (2012) Retrieved from http://occupytheory.org/advantages-anddisadvantages-of-qualitative-research/ Primary research and Secondary research (2013) Retrieved from http://answers.library.cofc.edu/faq/46619 Quantitative research (2013) Retrieved from http://libweb.surrey.ac.uk/library/skills/Introduction%20to%20Research%20and%20Ma naging%20Information%20Leicester/page_51.htm Different type of research (2014) Retrieved from http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/design_technology/producing/develop/2662/primary.htm ngoisao (2014) Retrieved from Tin tức: http://ngoisao.net/tin-tuc/thu-gian/an-choi/6-quanbar-pub-khong-the-bo-qua-giua-pho-co-ha-noi-3093167.html Ress Pub (2015) Retrieved from Intro: http://pubress.com/intro khoinghiep (2015) Retrieved from Mục tiêu quán Pub Hà Nội: http://khoinghiep.hoclamgiau.vn/nganh-nghe-khoi-nghiep/16/BarClub PESTLE of Vietnam (2015) Retrieved from http://www.saga.vn/phan-tich-pest-buc-tranh-toancanh-ve-moi-truong-kinh-doanh~34462 Sức hấp dẫn ngành dịch vụ giải trí (2015) Retrieved from http://laodong.com.vn/kinhdoanh/suc-hap-dan-nganh-do-uong-co-con-tai-viet-nam-231613.bld Vietnam Business Law (2015) Retrieved from http://www.1nhap.vn/threads/17833-Xin-tuvan-ve-thu-tuc-mo-quan-bar-nho#.VguYR_mqqko Dr, H K (2009) Research Interests Retrieved from All about entertainment: https://www.swinburne.edu.au/engineering/cmp/profile.php?member=hkang Jang, W.-K (1984) Communism in Hong Kong Hong Kong: Scalapino and Lee