DE CUONG CHI TIET

Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT LESSON PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM) MỘT VÀI QUY TẮC VỀ TRỌNG ÂM (STRESS) Quy tắc Từ có vần: - Thường nhấn vần đầu - Danh từ tính từ: nhấn vần đầu - Động từ: nhấn vần cuối Các từ tận là: IC, ION, IA, IAL, IAN, IAR, IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, UOUS, trọng âm thường đặt trước âm Ví dụ Candy, really, active, carrot Dictate, present, export, rebel Dictate, present, export, rebel Economic, revision, colonial, magnesia, musician, familiar, experience, efficient, allegiance, gymnasium, abstemious, continuous Các từ tận là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, Adventurous, considerate, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, altitude, capacity, variety, NOMY, CY trọng âm thường từ âm thứ từ mechanical, astrology, sau trước photography, calorimetry, antinomy, democracy Các từ tận là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, Charade, referee, Vietnamese, OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường engineer, taboo, balloon, nhấn vần cuối cigarette, burlesque Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Blackbird, greenhouse Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi Bad-tempered, old-fashioned vào âm tiết thứ hai understand, overflow Ngoại lệ Cadec, divine, possess, guitar, patrol, manure Arithmetic, heretic, appliance, reliance, defiance Incarnate, disastrous Centigrade, committee, overseer PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED Từ tận Thường phát âm -p, -pe /p/ -t, -te /t/ -k, -ke /k/ -gh, -ph /f/ -th, -the /θ/ -x, -s, -ce, -se /s/ -se /z/ -sh /∫/ -ge / dz / -ch /ʧ/ Trường hợp lại Thêm –S/ES đọc /s/ Từ tận Thường phát âm -d, -de /d/ -t, -te /t/ -k, -ke /k/ -gh, -ph /f/ -x, -s, -ce, -se /s/ -p, -pe /p/ -sh /∫/ -ch /ʧ/ Trường hợp lại Thêm –ED đọc / id / / iz / /z/ /t/ /d/ Ví dụ Stops, hopes, develops, copes Bats , hats, hates, writes Books, looks, breaks, makes Laughs, photographs Lengths, bathes Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses Uses (v), browses Washes, smashes Languages, bridges, ranges Watches, matches, catches Pens, tables, disappears Ví dụ Decided, needed Wanted, dedicated Looked, caked, Laughed, paragraphed Mixed, missed, pronounced Dropped, developed, roped Established, finished Scratched, stretched Used (v), prepared, cleaned Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Exercise A proofs B books C points D days A asks B breathes C breaths D hopes A sees B sports C pools D trains A tombs B lamps C brakes D invites A books B floors C combs D drums A cats B tapes C rides D cooks A walks B begins C helps D cuts A shoots B grounds C concentrates D forests A helps B laughs C cooks D finds 10 A hours B fathers C dreams D thinks 11 A beds B doors C plays D students 12 A arms B suits C chairs D boards 13 A boxes B classes C potatoes D finishes 14 A relieves B invents C buys D deals 15 A dreams B heals C kills D tasks 16 A resources B stages C preserves D focuses 17 A carriages B whistles C assures D costumes 18 A offers B mounts C pollens D swords 19 A miles B words C accidents D names 20 A sports B households C minds D plays • CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây hình thức Past tensen Past participle: “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : Ex: wanted; decided “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,θ/ chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ trường hợp : Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed tính từ sau phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,, Exercise A worked A kissed A confused A devoted A catched A agreed A measured A wounded A imprisoned 10 A a.failed 11 A invited 12 A removed 13 A looked 14 A wanted 15 A laughed 16 A.believed 17 A.lifted 18 A collected 19 A walked 20 A.admired B stopped B helped B faced B suggested B crashed B missed B pleased B routed B pointed B reached B attended B washed B laughed B.parked B passed B prepared B lasted B changed B entertained B looked C forced D wanted C forced D raised C cried D defined C provided D wished C occupied D coughed C liked D watched C distinguishedD managed C wasted D risked C shouted D surrounded C absored D solved C celebrated D díplayed C hoped D missed C moved D.stepped C stopped D.watched C suggested D placed C involved D liked C happened D decided C formed D viewed C reached D looked C missed D hoped BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC : A heat A breakfast A thrilling A idea B scream B teacher B other B going C meat C east C through C will Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên D dead D please D something D trip Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 A face A Germany A scholarship A house A hundred 10 A head 11 A choir 12 A charge 13 A reason 14 A motion 15 A gather 16 A change 17 A write 18 A share 19 A apply B place B garden B Christ B harm B exhausted B ready B cheap B child B clear B question B good B children B writer B rare B university 20 A choice B achieve C prepared C gate C school C hour C however C mean C child C teacher C mean C mention C large C machine C writing C are C identity C each D days D gas D chicken D husband D heat D weather D chair D champagne D each D fiction D again D church D written D declare D early D chemistry LESSON 2+3 TENSES (THÌ) Thì Dạng Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn Bị động Nhận biết Thì Dạng Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn Bị động Nhận biết Thì SIMPLE PRESENT (Hiện Tại đơn) S + V [-s/-es] S + don’t / doesn’t + V(bare-inf) Do / Does + S + V (bare- inf) …? …am / is / are + V-ed/Vpp… - always, usually, occasionally, often, … - every : every day, every year… - once…, twice…, times… SIMPLE PAST (Quá Khứ đơn) S + V-ed / S + didn’t + V(bare-inf) Did + S + V(bare-inf) …? …was / were + V-ed/Vpp… - yesterday - last : last week, last Sunday… - ago : two months ago, five years ago… - in the past PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Hiện Tại tiếp diễn) S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? PAST CONTINUOUS (Quá Khứ tiếp diễn) S + was / were + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing Was / Were + S + V-ing …? …am / is / are + being + V-ed/Vpp… …was / were + being + V-ed/Vpp… - now, at present - at the / this moment - Sau câu mệnh lệnh : Keep silent! The baby is sleeping PRESENT PERFECT Dạng (Hiện Tại hoàn thành) Khẳng định S + has / have + V-ed/Vpp Phủ định S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/Vpp Nghi vấn Has / Have + S + V-ed/Vpp …? Bị động …has / have + been + V-ed/Vpp… - just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately Nhận biết - since, for : since 1995, for years - so far, up to now, from then - At that moment - When / As + (simple past): When I came, she was crying - While : A dog crossed the road while I was driving PAST PERFECT (Qúa Khứ hoàn thành) S + had + V-ed/Vpp S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp Had + S + V-ed/Vpp…? …had been + V-ed/Vpp… - after + (past perfect), (simple past) - before + (simple past), (past perfect) - by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp mơn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Thì SIMPLE FUTURE FUTURE PERFECT Dạng (Tương Lai đơn) (Tương Lai hoàn thành) Khẳng định S + will + V (inf) S + will have+ V-ed/Vpp Phủ định S + won’t + V (inf) S + won’t have + V-ed/Vpp Nghi vấn Will + S + V (inf)…? Will + S + have + V-ed/Vpp…? Bị động …will be + V-ed/Vpp… …will be + V-ed/Vpp… - tomorrow - by the end of this month Nhận biết - next… : next week, next Monday - by + (time in the future) - in the future Khi chia động từ cần ý hòa hợp chủ ngữ (S) động từ (V): * S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday * Each, every, no + noun => số Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook No student is present * (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2 Ví dụ : He or you are the best student * S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1 Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that report * Chủ ngữ danh từ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => số Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of money * Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody…) => số Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room PRACTICE Exercise Choose the most correct answer: I _this film twice A see B saw C will see –Peter, please help me the washing up – Sorry, Mum I TV A watch B am watching C had watched The farmers _ in the field now A were working B have worked C worked The war _ out three years ago A broke B had broken C has broken He a cup of coffee every morning A drinks B drank C is drinking She a lot of new books A had just bought B has just bought C buys Up to the present, Nam _ good work in his class A does B has done C had done At present, that author a historical novel A is writing B was writing C has written By next month, I _ my first novel A will finish B am going to finish C finish finished 10 Phong at the university so far A had worked B was working C worked 11 How long _ able to drive? – since 1990 A could you B have you been C were you 12 They since eight o’clock A are talking B have been talking C talked 13 My brother _ in the army from 1990 to 1995 A served B has served C had served 14 At this moment, I _ that we have a good chance of victory A was feeling B am feeling C feel feeling 15 I _ the money from him yet Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên D have seen D watched D are working D was breaking D has drunk D bought D did D had written D will have D has worked D are you D talk D is serving D had been Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 A haven’t received B don’t receive C will receive D am receiving 16 This is the most interesting book _ A I’ve read B I had read C I’ve ever readed D I’ve ever read 17 I him ten days ago A see B saw C have seen D will see 18 It a long time since I last saw him A is B was C will be D had been 19 She _ so hard this week that she doesn’t have time to go to the hairdresser’s A works B worked C has been working D had worked 20 Mr John _ to Los Angeles in 1992 A had gone B has gone C went D was going 21 What to you yesterday? A happened B did happen C had happened D has happened 22 I never go to Australia I _ to Australia yet A will go B went C haven’t been D have been 23 What _ at 7:00 tomorrow morning A will you B shall you C were you D did you 24 Why you come yesterday? A couldn’t B can’t C didn’t D A and C 25 My mother in this factory since 1990 A works B worked C has worked D had worked 26 I _ my hair before breakfast this morning A washed B had washed C was washing D have washed 27 I _ about him when he suddenly came in A talk B talked C am talking D was talking 28 He will finish this work before you _ here tomorrow A leave B will leave C would leave D are going to leave 29 Don’t make noise My mother with her friends A is talking B was talking C talks D talked 30 He _ in this office for ten years by next Monday A will have been working B would be working C will work D will be working Exercise 3: Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences: (A)Last year, my son (B)was lost (C)among the crowd when we (D)have gone shopping The problem (A)has turned out (B)to be more serious (C)than we (D)will have thought (A)Almost 300 million people (B)had visited (C)America’s national parks (D)every year They (A)have studied English(A) before they went (C)to London They (A)has got married (B)for 30 years (C)by the end of (D)this month They (A)will help you (B)whenever you (C)will ask (D)them (A)When Sam (B)will arrive, he will (C)open (D)the gift My father (A)has ever told (B)me honestychân thât (C)was (D)the best policy Did you say (A)that you (B)will have a lot of things (C)to the (D)following week? 10 (A)When we arrived (B)at (C)the station, the train (D)has already left 11 (A)Did your doctor (B)recommend you that you (C)will stop (D)smoking? 12 (A) Up to now, there (B)had been (C)no woman (D)being chosen the US president 13 The neighbors (A)are having a party They (B)are making so much noise (C)since o’clock I (D)can’t sleep 14 (A)Don’t (B)leave the house (C)until I (D)will get back 15 I (A)was walking along the pavement(B) when I (C)realized that there (D)has been a man following me 16 Human (A)had struggled (B)against weeds (C)since the beginning (D)of agriculture 17 Mary (A)said (B)that she (C)do jogging (D)every morning Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 18 (A)At this time (B)next week, Peter (C)was working (D)in London 19 Never I (A)have seen (B)such a (C)good film (D)before 20 (A)Before the 1920s, (B)no women (C)will vote (D)in the US LESSON REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) Để biến đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần: Đổi chủ ngữ đại từ nhân xưng khác câu trực chủ ngữ thành phần thứ Lùi động từ mệnh đề bậc so với lúc ban đầu Biến đổi đại từ, phó từ thời gian địa điểm theo bảng qui định Bảng đổi động từ Direct speech Indirect speech Simple present ( Hiện đơn) Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Present progressive (H.tại tiếp diễn) Past progressive Present perfect (Progressive) Past perfect(Progressive) (quá khứ hoàn thành) Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) Will/Shall Would/ Should Can/May Could/ Might Bảng đổi đại từ thị, phó từ địa điểm thời gian Today That day Yesterday The day before The day before yesterday Two days before Tomorrow The next/ the following day The day after tomorrow In two days Next + Time ( week, month, year….) The following + Time ( week, month, year….) Last + Time ( week, month, year….) The previous + Time ( week, month, year….) Time + ago Time + before This, these That, those Right now At once Here, Overhere There, Overthere Ví dụ : - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”  He said that he had lost his pen that morning - She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”  She told him that she would go with him the next day - He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”  He said that he would come there to take that book - They said to us : “You must this work right now.”  They told us that we had to that work at once Lưu ý : Trong câu tường thuật, cần ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật: V (tường thuật) + Ví dụ : wh- / how… if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N) + “What are you doing?” asked my father = My father asked me what I was doing “Have you seen that film?” John asked = John wanted to know if I had seen that film He asked them “How many children you have?” = He asked them how many children they had Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên S + V Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Exercise1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences Jack asked me _ A.where you come from? B.where I came from C.where I am from D.where did I come from? She asked me _ I liked pop music A.when B.what C.if D.x The doctor him to take more exercise A.told B.tell C have told D are telling I wanted to know _ return home A.when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would Claire told me that her father a race horse A.owns B.owned C owning D A and B What did that man say ? A at you B for you C to you D you I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _ raining there A is B were C has been D was The builders have that everything will be ready on time A promised B promise C promises D promising The doctor _ him to take more exercise A told B tell C have told D are telling 10 The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed She explained she’d been on holiday the week A ago B following C next D previous 11 Yesterday, Laura him to put some shelves up A asked B is asking C ask D was asked 12 Tom has this story wasn’t completely true A admitting that B was admitted that C admitted that D admit that 13 When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy day A that B the C then D this 14 I wonder _ the tickets are on sale yet A what B when C where D whether 15 Mathew _ Emma that her train was about to leave A has reminded B has reminded that C reminded D reminded that 16 Hello, Jim I didn’t expect to see you today Sophie said you _ ill A are B were C was D should be 17 Ann and left A said goodbye to me B says goodbye to me C tell me goodbye D told me goodbye 18 I told you to switch off the computer, didn’t I ? A don’t B not C not to D to not 19 Bill was slow, so I hurry up A tell him B told him for C told to D told him to 20 Sarah was driving to fast, so I to slow down A asked her B asked C ask D.have asked her 21 Someone me there’s been an accident on the motorway A asked B said C spoke D told 22 Sue was very pessimistic about the situation I advised her _ A no worry B not worry C no to worry D not to worry 23 I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom _ A giving a hand B gave a hand C to give a hand D give a hand 24 Tom said that New York _ more lively than London A is B be C was D were Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên 25 26 27 28 Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he use the phone A can B could C may George couldn’t help me He me to ask Kate A tell B said C told Judy going for a walk, but no one else wanted to A.admitted B offered C promised I said that I had met her A yesterday B the previous day C the day D must D say D suggested D the before day 29 The man asked the boys A why did they fight B why they were fighting C why they fight D.why were they fighting 30 “ the door”, he said A please open B open pleased C please to open D please, opening Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences : “Push as hard as you can” She said to me  She told me _ “Don’t wait for me if I am late” He said to her  He told her _ “Where are you from, Nam?” said Mai  Mai asked _ Mary said “ I cannot go to the cinema with you, John”  She _ Tom asked Mary “Did you phone me last night?”  Tom wanted to know _ He asked me “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?”  He asked me _ Why don’t you stop smoking?” the doctor said to him  The doctor advised him “How many students are there in your class?”  The man asked me “Have you seen John recently?” said Ann  Ann asked me _ 10 The policeman said to her : “Show me your driving licence.”  The policeman ordered 11 He said : “Did you see Mary yesterday ?”  He wanted to know _ 12 He said : “Would you mind telling me the time ?”  He told _ 13 I said to my friend : “When did you buy your new car ?  I asked 14 My friend said to me : “We have known everything about that.”  My friend told 15 Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?”  Helen asked Jack 16 'You'd better look for a new job, Andrew.'  Jane advised 17 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party Thanks very much Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12  Mike thanked _ 18 'I must have made a mistake in the calculations.'  Mr Forest admitted 19 'I'll pay for the meal.'  Sarah insisted _ 20.Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.'  Neil suggested LESON PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) S + [aux] + Vm(động từ chính) S + [aux] + Be + V-ed/Vpp + + O [by + O] Ghi : - Động từ Be phải chia với câu chủ động dạng với Vm - Trong câu bị động, bỏ [by + O] O me, you, us, them, him, her, it, someone, somebody, people… TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE The simple present ( Hiện đơn) S + V (-s /es) S + am/is /are + Vpp The present Continuous (H.tại tiếp S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + Vpp diễn) The present perfect ( H.tại hoàn thành) S + have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vpp The simple past (Quá khứ đơn) S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + Vpp The past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + being+ Vpp diễn) The past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) S + had + Vpp S + had+ been + Vpp The simple future ( tương lai đơn) S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp S + Model + V-bareInf S + Model + be + Vpp Model: can, could, must, may, might, should, am going to……… Ví dụ : They are painting the fence = The pence is being painted by them Tourists buy a lot of souvenirs today = A lot of souvenirs are bought by tourists today The manager should sign these contracts = These contracts should be signed by the manager *Môtt số cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt: Causative form: ( Thể nhờ bảo): “Have” or “Get” a Have * Chủ động : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing) * Bị động : S + have + O.2 (thing) + Vpp Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday I had the roof repaired yesterday b Get * Chủ động : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing) * Bị động : S + get + O.2 (thing) + Vpp Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Ex: I will get her to cut my hair I will get my hair cut Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare, report, announce : * Chư động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2 + V + O) * Chủ động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause Hoặc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to - inf Ex: - They said that John was the brightest student in class It was said that John was the brightest student in class - John was said to be the brightest student in class Nếu Verbs of Opinion tại, mệnh đề tường thuật khứ, ta dùng cấu trúc sau: * Chủ động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2+ V + O) * Bị động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause or: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to have Vpp Ex: They know that Mary won the competition It is known that Mary won the competition Mary is known to have won the competition S (thing) + need + to be V pp Ex: These trees need to be watered every day or : S (thing) + need + V-ing These trees need watering every day Exercise 1:Change into passive voice: The teacher always welcomes new students → _ _ Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877 → _ _ The police found two children in the forest → _ _ They will send your order as soon as possible → _ _ The scientists are studying the problem carefully → _ _ Pat Murphy was riding the horse → _ _ The police have just arrested the robbers → _ _ They can use this room after 5p.m → _ _ They have to repair the engine of the car → 10 People must repair that old building → _ _ 11 People don’t learn a foreign language in a short time Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - INTO có nghĩa vào trong, đợc dùng sau ®éng tõ : GO, PUT, GET, FALL( r¬i ng·), JUMP( nh¶y), COME eg go into the room, get into the train, put the pen into the bag, fall into the river, jump into the river and swim, come into the house - INTO đợc dùng để thay đổi điều kiện kết quả: The rain changed into snow OUT OF: khái eg He came out of the house / He is looking out of the window WITH: - With: cã nghÜa lµ cã, mang, cïng: eg A girl with blue eyes./ a coat with two pockets - With đợc dùng để công cụ, phơng tiện Hes writing with a pen - With đợc dùng để liên hệ đồng hành, có nghĩa với Im living with my parents - With có nghĩa víi’ Do you agree with me? UNDER: - Under: có nghĩa dới, để vị trí phía díi mét vËt eg The cat is under the table - Under có nghĩa hơn, thấp - Children under fourteen years of age shouldn’t see such a film II Articles MẠO TỪ A, An, The: Mạo tõ a (an) vµ the 1- a v Μ an an - đợc dùng: - Trớc danh từ số đếm đợc bắt đầu nguyên âm (vowel) a, e, i, o - Hai bán nguyên âm u, y - Các danh từ bắt đầu h câm vÝ dô: u : an uncle h : an hour - Hoặc trớc danh từ viết tắt đợc đọc nh nguyên âm Ví dụ: an L- plate, an SOS, an MP a : đợc dùng: - trớc danh từ bắt đầu phụ âm (consonant) - dùng trớc danh từ bắt đầu uni : a university, a uniform, a universal, a union - tríc danh từ số đếm đợc, trớc danh từ không xác định cụ thể mặt đặc điểm, tính chÊt, vÞ trÝ Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lp 12 đợc nhắc đến lần đầu câu - đợc dùng thành ngữ số lợng định Ví dụ : a lot of, a couple, a dozen, a great many, a great deal of - dùng trớc số đếm định, đặc biệt hàng trăm, hàng ngàn Ví dụ: a hundred, a thousand - tríc half nã theo sau đơn vị nguyên vẹn Ví dụ: a kilo and a half đọc one and a half kilos Chó ý: 1/2 kg = half a kilo ( kh«ng cã a tríc half) - dïng tríc half với danh từ khác tạo thành tõ ghÐp VÝ dơ : a half-holiday nưa kú nghØ, a half-share : nửa cổ phần - dùng trớc tû sè nh 1/3, /4, 1/5, = a third, a quarter, a fifth hay one third, one fourth, one fifth - Dùng thành ngữ giá cả, tốc độ, tỷ lệ Ví dụ: five dolars a kilo; four times a day - Dùng thành ngữ trớc danh từ số đếm đợc, dùng câu cảm thán Ví dụ: Such a long queue! What a pretty girl! Nhng: such long queues! What pretty girls - a đợc đặt trớc Mr/Mrs/Miss + tªn hä (surname): VÝ dơ: a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith a Mr Smith nghÜa lµ ‘ ngời đàn ông đợc gọi Smith ngụ ý ông ta ngời lạ ngời nói Còn a tức ngời nói biết ông Smith 2- The - Đợc sử dụng danh từ đợc xác định cụ thể tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí đợc nhắc đến lần thứ c©u - The + noun + preposition + noun VÝ dô : the girl in blue; the man with a banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United States of America - The + danh từ + đại từ quan hƯ + mƯnh ®Ị phơ VÝ dơ: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him - Tríc danh tõ ngơ ý chØ mét vËt riªng biƯt Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 VÝ dô: She is in the garden - The + tính từ so sánh bậc số từ thứ tù hc only way VÝ dơ : The first week; the only way - The + dt sè Ýt tỵng trng cho nhóm thú vật đồ vật bỏ the đổi danh từ sang số nhiỊu VÝ dơ: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep - freezes Nhng ®èi víi danh từ man (chỉ loài ngời) quán tõ (a, the) ®øng tríc VÝ dơ: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse - The + danh tõ sè Ýt chØ thµnh viên nhóm ngời định Ví dụ: the small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly difficult - The + adj đại diện cho lớp ngời, hình thái số nhiều nhng đợc coi danh từ số nhiều động từ sau phải đợc chia ë ng«i thø sè nhiỊu VÝ dơ: the old = ngời già nói chung; The disabled = ngời tàn tật; The unemployed = ngời thất nghiệp - Dùng trớc tên khu vực, vùng đÃ tiếng mặt địa lý lịch sử Ví dụ: The Shahara The Netherlands The Atlantic - The + East / West/ South/ North + noun VÝ dô: the East/ West end The North / South Pole Nhng không đợc dùng the trớc từ phơng hớng này, kèm với tên khu vực địa lý VÝ dô: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany - The + tên đồ hợp xớng, dàn nhạc cổ điển, ban nhạc phổ thông Ví dụ: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the Beatles - The + tên tờ báo lớn/ tầu biển/ khinh khÝ cÇu VÝ dơ: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain - The + tªn hä ë sè nhiỊu cã nghĩa gia đình họ nhà Ví dụ: the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and their children) hay gọi gia đình nhà Smith - The + Tên số + cụm từ/ mệnh đề đợc sử dụng để phân biệt ngời với ngời khác tên Ví dụ: We have two Mr Smiths Which you want? I want the Mr Smith who signed this letter Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên A Prepositions Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Exercise 1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences When studying abroad, Mary was very happy to get a phone call _ her parents A to B for C of D from Why don’t we stay home _ a change? A from/ as B at / with C at / for D at/ on A horse is always mounted the left side A on B to C from D at What would you like to have _ lunch? A at B in C for D of Surgeons use lasers _ miraculously accurate scalpels A for B as C of D with The Medical Center is close the school A to B at C next D from Once scientists fully understand the cause a disease, it becomes easier for them to find a cure _ it A of / of B of / from C from / in D of / for There is a shop _ front _ my house A at / in B out / next C in / of D of / in He jumped until the stinging return to his feet A on and off B out and in C down and up D up and down 10 The only way cross the river is swim A to / to B of / by C on / to D in / by 11 The summer is over Pupils and students have to go to school on Monday A back B on C through D into 12 He threw stones _ his attackers, trying to drive them _ A to / out B for / up C at / away D at / up 13 The medical center is close the campus A to B up C for D with 14 I haven’t gone there _ ages A with B in C for D of 15 Most college football games are played Saturdays A at B in C with D on 16 Leaves turn color _ the autumn A for B on C at D in 17 _ the whole, I enjoy the movie A On B In C At D Up 18 She’ll come home April A on B in C at D for 19 The art museum is located next _ the museum of natural history on State Street A to B for C on D with 20 Minh was born _ Ho Chi Minh city A on B.at C.in D up B Articles Exercise 1: Put a/ an/ the in each space, or leave the space blank: 1.We went by _ train to _ west of England 2. who live in Netherlands are called Dutch 3. judge sent me to _ prison for ten years 4. Columbus was one of _ people to cross _ Atlantic 5.As captain of ship, I have _ complete authority Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 6.David learned to play _ violin when he was at _ university 7. Trafalgar Square is near Charing Cross Station 8.Did you read _ book I lent you _ last week? 9.We’ll put up shelves and then go to café for something to eat 10.Is that present Bill gave you for Christmas Exercise 2: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences My mother goes to church in morning A x B every C the I eat orange everyday A an B orange C the orange s Harry is a sailor He spends most of his life at _ sea A a B an C the There are billions of stars in _ space A a B an C X He tried to park his car but _ space wasn’t big enough A the B a C an Can you turn off _ television, please? A the B a C an We had _ dinner in a restaurant A a B an C x We had _ meal in a restaurant A a B an C the Thank you That was very nice lunch A a B an C the 10 rose is my favourite color A a B an C the D a D any orange D X D the D X D X D the D X D X D X LESON 9: Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs I Adjectives and Adverbs Adjectives: * Positions: - Adj + N beautiful hat - be/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep + Adj He seems tired now - be/ seem/ look/ taste + too + Adj - be + Adj + enough He is too young to drive a motorbike She is tall enough to play volleyball - be/ seem/ look/ taste/ smell/ + so + Adj + that The story is so interesting that I can’t put it down - How + Adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is Notes: TrËt tù tõ cña tÝnh tõ: - Tính từ cảm nghĩ đứng trớc tính từ miêu tả: an interesting young man - Đôi dùng hai hay nhiều tính từ miêu tả câu, trật tự chúng đợc xếp nh sau: Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Sè lỵng + ChÊt lỵng + KÝch thíc + Tuổi tác + Màu sắc + Xuất xứ( quốc gia)+ ChÊt liÖu + NOUN eg a beautiful old French picture - TÝnh tõ chØ kÝch thíc vµ chiỊu dµi( big, tall, long ) thờng trớc tính từ hình dáng chiều rộng( round, fat, wide ) eg a long narrow street - Khi có hai hai tính từ màu sắc,ta dùng liên từ and eg.a red, white and green flag Adverbs: từ dùng để diễn tả tính cách, đặc tính, mức độ, trạng thái đợc dùng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ, tính từ, trạng từ khác cho câu * Positions: - V(trợ động từ) + Adv + V (thêng) I have recently finished my homework I feel completely interested in this book - be/ feel/ look/ + Adv + Adj - V (thêng) + too + Adv He studied too lazily to pass his exam - V (thêng) + so + Adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident - S + V ( + O) + Adv He drives carefully - V (thêng) + Adv + enough He worked hard enough to succeed - Adv đứng đầu câu( câu hai dấu ,) Suddenly, he heard a strange voice II Degrees of comparison of Adj and Adv Equal dgree: S + V + as + Adj/ Adv + as + N/ Pronoun eg He is as tall as his father / Mai is as beautiful as her mother - Cã thÓ thay ‘as’ so câu phủ định S + Be not + as/so +Adj + as N/ Pronoun S + do/ does not +as/so + Adv+ eg Your pen is not so expensive as mine - Có thể diễn đạt ý b»ng nhau, nh nhau: S + V + the same + (noun) + as +noun(pronoun) eg My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age Comparative degree: a Short Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + short Adj/Adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun eg Today is hotter than yesterday./ He runs faster than I -TÝnh từ âm tiết tận phụ âm đơn ( trừ w, x, z) đứng trớc nguyên âm đơn gấp đôi phụ âm cuối + er big-bigger - Tính từ âm tiết có tận : y, le, er, ow, et + er quieter, cleverer, narrower - TÝnh tõ ©m tiÕt nhng kÕt thóc phụ âm +y, đổi y thành i + er happier - So sánh đợc nhấn mạnh cách cộng thêm much far S + V + far/ much + sh.Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun eg Today is much hotter than yesterday Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 b Long Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + more long Adj/ Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun eg This chair is more comfortable than the other He speaks English more fluently than I -NhÊn m¹nh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun eg Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine He reads much more rapidly than his brother -So sánh hơn: S + V + less Adj/ Adv than noun/ pronoun eg My TV is less beautiful than yours He drives less carefully than I think 3.Superlative degree: S + V + the + sh.Adj/Adv + est + in( danh từ đếm đợc số ít) + the most + long Adj/ Adv + of( danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều) + least + Adj/ Adv eg He is the tallest in my class Nga is the most inteligent of all the students Those shoes are the least expensive of all Note: - good/ well better the best - bad/ badly worse the worst - many/ much more the most - little less the least - far farther the farthest(về khoảng cách) further the furthest( thời gian) - near nearer the nearest(về khoảng cách) the next( vÒ thø tù) - late later the latest( vÒ thêi gian) the last( vÒ thø tù) - old older the oldest( vỊ ti t¸c) elder the eldest( vỊ cÊp bậc tuổi tác) So sánh kép( double comparatives): a Càng ngày càng, lúc * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: Adj + ER and Adj + er * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: more and more + Adj The weather gets warmer and warmer She becomes more and more beautiful b Cµng ngµy cµng Ýt , cµng ngµy cµng kÐm : less and less + Adj eg He is less and less hard-working c Càng * Với tính từ ngắn: The adj + er ., the adj + er eg The darker it gets, the colder it is * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: The more adj ., the more adj eg The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is * Víi ®éng tõ: the more , the more The more you learn, the more you forget Note: NhiÒu hai vế không loại tính từ dài hay ng¾n nhng cã thĨ sư dơng lÉn víi ( vế trớc tính từ, vế sau động từ ngợc lại ) eg The more she smiles, the more graceful she is Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên ... We get our mail yesterday A been delivered B delivered C delivering D to deliver My wedding ring yellow and white gold A is made B is making C made D make If your brother _ , he would... với Do you agree with me? UNDER: - Under: cã nghÜa lµ ë díi, ®Ĩ chØ vÞ trÝ phÝa díi mét vËt eg The cat is under the table - Under cßn cã nghÜa hơn, thấp - Children under fourteen years of age shouldn’t... nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 A designing B to have designed C to designs 20 Ted by a bee while he was sitting in the garden A got sting B got stung C get stung D designed D gets stung LESON

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