Cơ sở liệu Database Chương 5: Tích hợp sở liệu ứng dụng Le Thi Lan MICA, Ha noi university of Technology Two-tier architecture: E.g client programs using ODBC/JDBC to communicate with a database Three-tier architecture: E.g web-based applications, and applications built using “middleware” ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity) • Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) provides – A standard software API method for using database management systems (DBMS) – The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of programming languages, database systems, and operating systems ADO.NET