CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TỪ WORD FORMATION [A] : CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TÍNH TỪ ĐƠN.. Noun + suffix Adjectives -ful Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful… -less Childless, odourless, c
Trang 1CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TỪ (WORD FORMATION) [A] : CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TÍNH TỪ ĐƠN
Noun + suffix Adjectives
-ful Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful…
-less Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless…
-ly Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly,friendly…
-like Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike…
-y Healthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, sandy…
-ish Childish, boyish, girlish, mannish, selfish…
-al Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical…
-ous Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous…
-ic Artistic, electric, electronic, alcoholic, economic…
-able Respectable, knowledgeable, reasonable…
NOUN + less = ADJECTIVE NOUN + ful = ADJECTIVE NOUN + AL = ADJECTIVE
speechÞspeechless: không
nói
restÞ restless: không nghỉ
ngơi
childl Þ childless: không con
cái
odour Þ odourless: không
mùi
care Þ careless: bất cẩn
harm Þ harmless: không có
hại
tree Þ treeless: không có cây
job Þ jobless: không có việc
làm
use Þ useful: có ich delight Þ delightful: thú vị success Þ successful: thành công hope Þ hopeful: có hy vọng care Þ careful: cẩn thận help Þ helpful: sẳn sàng giúp đỡ harm Þ harmful: có hại
peace Þ peaceful: thanh bình waste Þ wasteful: lãng phí beauty Þ beautiful: đẹp wonder Þ wonderful: tuyệt vời
agriculture Þ agricultural:
nông nghiệp
nature Þ natural: tự nhiên cultureÞ cultural: văn hóa continentÞ continetal: lục địa regionÞ regional: vùng khu vực occupation Þ occupational:
nghề nghiệp
music Þ musical: âm nhạc nation Þ national: quốc gia medicineÞ medical: y khoa surgeryÞ surgical: giải phẫu industryÞ industrial: công
nghiệp
chemistry Þ chemical: hóa học history Þ historical: lịch sử logic Þ logical: hợp lý
NOUN + Y = ADJECTIVE NOUN + OUS = ADJECTIVE NOUN + ISH =
ADJECTIVE
dust Þ dusty: có bụi
snow Þ snowy: có tuyết
rain Þ rainy: có mưa
sand Þ sandy: có cát
dirt Þ dirty: dơ bẩn
healthÞ healthy: khỏe mạnh
adventureÞ adventurous: mạo
hiểm
poison Þ poisonous: độc hại fameÞ famous: nổi tiếng danger Þ dangerous: nguy hiểm adventure Þ adventurous: mạo
fool Þ foolish: ngu đần child Þ childish: hơi trẻ con red Þ reddish: hơi đỏ self Þ selfish: ích kỷ
Trang 2salt (muối) Þ salty: mặn
storm Þ stormy: có bão
sun Þ sunny: nắng
cloud Þ cloudy: có mây
wind Þ windy: có gió
mudÞ muddy: có bùn
hiểm
miracleÞmiraculous: kỳ diệu glory Þ glorious: vẻ vang nerve (thần kinh) Þ nervous: hồi
hộp
NOUN + LY = ADJECTIVE NOUN + LIKE = ADJECTIVE NOUN / VERB + IVE =
ADJECTIVE
day Þ daily: hằng ngày
week Þ weekly: hằng tuần
month Þ monthly: hằng
tháng
year Þ yearly: hằng năm
hour Þ hourly: hằng giờ
friend (bạn) Þ friendly: thân
thiện
man Þ manly: nam tính
brother Þ brotherly: tình anh
em
child Þ childlike: ngây thơ god Þ godlike: giống thần thánh life Þ lifelike: giống như người
thật
statesman Þ statesmanlike: như
chính khách
act Þ active: tích cực effectÞ effective: có hiệu quả attract Þ attractive: hấp dẫn expense Þ expensive: đắt tiền protect Þ protective: bảo vệ
reason Þ reasonable: hợp lý
comfort Þ comfortable:thoải
mái
enjoyÞ enjoyable: thú vị
divide Þ divisible: có thể
chia được
value Þ valuable: có giá trị
tolerate Þ tolerable: có
thể chịu đựng
disappoint Þ disappointed: thất
vọng
satisfy Þ satisfied: hài lòng surprise Þ surprised: ngạc nhiên bore Þ bored: chán
disappoint Þ disappointing: thất
vọng
satisfy Þ satisfying: hài lòng surprise Þ surprising: ngạc
nhiên
bore Þ boring: chán
[1] : Give the correct form of the words in brackets:
1/ This country has a climate (continent)
2/ The University of Ho Chi Minh City has a very large
language centre (Nation)
3/ I think the prices here are (reason)
4/ I don’t think the food is very good, but it is _ (tolerate)
5/ This company offered a lot of jobs (attract)
6/ I think it’s very _ of him to expect us to work overtime
every night this week (reason)
7/ Most of the food in supermarkets is very _ (attract)
8/ The Island has very few _ resources (nature)
9/ Burning garbage will give off odour (pleasant)
10/ Oxygen is an _ gas (odour)
Trang 311/ These chemicals are _ They can cause death or illness if taken into the body (poison)
12/ If you are when you write your composition, you will probably get a good grade (care)
13/ Baseball is the _ sport in the United States (nation) 14/ He wants to be a engineer (chemistry)
15/ There have been many _ develpments in this century (wonder)
16/ English has become an means of communication (effect)
17/ Your new dress makes you more _ (beauty)
18/ Firemen wear clothing, otherwise they would get burnt (protect)
19/ How many holidays do you have? (nation)
20/ Japan is an country (industry)
21/ I was _ about the dates (confuse)
22/ “Time” is an American _ news magazine (week)
23/ Don’t be afraid of the dog He’s _ (harm)
24/ Thank you for the books They will be very for my studies (use)
25/ The children can play here It’s not (danger)
26/ Carbon dioxide occurs in the air in a form (nature)
27/ She was so surprised that she was unable to speak She was _ with surprise (speech)
28/ Those berries are _ Don’t eat them (poison)
29/ You are grown up but you are still (child)
30/ No trees can grow on that soil It is _ (tree)
31/ A statue stands in the middle of the pagoda (life)
32/ The weather was excellent and we had an extremely _ holiday (enjoy)
33/ Many people still refuse to believe that smoking is (harm) 34/ As it was very _ all the trains were late (fog)
35/ He likes reading _ novels (history)
36/ It was a _ conclusion from the child’s point of view (logic) 37/ Mr and Mrs.Jones have been married for ten years They have no children They’re a couple (child)
38/ Clean air provides us a supply of oxegen (health)
Trang 439/ He is always eady to give assistance to his friends He is _ to them (help)
40/ Everyone was very towards me (friend)
41/ They were _ in winning the contract (success)
42/ For the more _ tourists, there are trips into the mountains with a local guide (adventure)
[B] : CÁCH THÀNH LẬP DANH TỪ
Formula Nouns
Verb+ER/ OR / ANT Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant…
Verb + ION / TION Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision…
Verb + MENT / AL Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval….
Verb + ING Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building…
Adj + NESS Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, ilness….
Adj + TY Safety, loyalty, cruelty, variety, ability, honesty….
Adj + TH Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength…
Adj + DOM Freedom, wisdom, boredom…
Noun + IST / IAN Guitarist, novelist, violinist, musician, physician, historian…
Noun + ISM Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism…
Noun + SHIP Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship…
Noun + HOOD Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood…
[C]: CÁCH THÀNH LẬP ĐỘNG TỪ.
DIS + verb Dislike, disagree,discharge, disinvest, dislocate…
Mis + verb Misunderstand, misread, mislead…
Out + verb Outrun, outnumber, outweigh, outlive…
Over + verb Overact, overpay, overheat, overturn, overchange…
Re + verb Rewrite, reread, retell, recall…
Under + verb Undercharge, underdevelop, underdo, underline, undersign…
Adj + EN
EN + Adj / Noun Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, foften…
enrich, enable, enlarge, encourage, endanger…
Noun / Adj + ISE / IZE Sympathise, economise, socialize, memorize, industrialize…
[2]:Fill in the blanks with correct form of the word provided.
1 Film makers always try to show viewers the different life styles and interesting aspects of many countries in the world (culture)
2 Women nowadays have more to participate in social activities (free)
Trang 53 “Hoang Le Nhat Thong Chi” is a novel (history).
4 He has a for English novels (prefer)
5 SAI GON GIAI PHONG is published seven days a week It is a _ newspaper (day)
6 If you burn the garbage, it will give off odour (poison)
7 Some children have to suffer from life time (abnormal)
8 He is active in spite of his old age (wonder)
9 The company is very efficient and gives a service (speed)
10 When did come to the village ? (electric)
11 She has a very busy life (society)
12 The plane arrived after a violent storm (safe)
13 Their study is getting on (satisfy)
14 This company offered a lot of jobs (attract)
15 These snakes will not cause you any serious harm even if they bite you They are (harm)
16 He was right when he said that the man was guilty (reason)
17 She looks beautiful (surpise)
18 They were when they read the result (disappoint)
19 He has no of leaving the city (intend)
20 I feel in this book (interest)
21 John’s improved at his new school (behave)
21 I’ll give you further (explain)
22 This is a of a previous talk (repeat)
23 Much work requires a good knowledge of mathematics (science)
24 Movies have dress fashions (broad)
25 Our grandmother didn’t work outside the home when she was young She only did her _ task (tradition)
26 His to retire surprised us all (decide)
27 You should be to tell them exactly what you think (decide)
28 Many people find it to advertise (waste)
29 The guests were welcomed (cordial)
30 He looks thin, but he is very healthy, (actual)
31 This man led a happy life (complete)
32 He did some old jobs at home (disappoint)
33 The new job him (disappoint)
Trang 634 Nitric oxide is harmful It acts as a poison, which may cause death
or injury if taken into the body (high)
35 He was in his job (succeed)
36 The house was with people (crowd)
37 He is unhappy because of his (deaf)
38 The government wants to this training centre (military)
39 We found out the about him (true)
40 I am grateful to you for your help (true)
41 I don’t think the food is very good, but it is (tolerate)
42 They’ve got a result (satisfy)
43 Carbon dioxide occurs in the air in form (nature)
44 Children are to overcome problems (determine)
45 They got the of being successful in life (satisfy)
46 He is young man with great (expect)
47 I like your new machine (calculate)
48 May I borrow your ? (calculate)
49 The industrial will lead to the country’s prosperity (develop)
50 We must make for our old age saving money (provide)
51 I’m sorry for the delay (extreme)
52 It’s kind of you (awful)
53 The doctor told me to in slowly (breath)
54 It is often useful make a between two things (compare)
55 She has been worn down by and illness (poor)
56 Our pupils are raising money for the (poor)
57 This is the greatest scientific of the decade (achieve)
58 Mary was with long and difficult exercises (bore)
59 I enjoy the football match It was quite (excite)
60 He has great in God (believe)
61 Violence is not the best to an argument (solve)
62 Not long ago, I was introduced to famous (art)
63 The of his wife was a great blow to him (lose)
64 Toys are necessary for the mental of children (grow)
65 It is to have short hair nowadays (fashion)
66 The planets of our system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiters, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (sun)
67 Your rice field is more than ours (produce)
Trang 768 An man has stolen all our money (know)
69 In some places, the weather changes so quickly that it’s very _ (predict)
70 They all passed their exams without the slightest (difficult)