LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP VỀ TỪ LOẠI

CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TỪ (WORD FORMATION) [A] : CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TÍNH TỪ ĐƠN. Noun + suffix Adjectives -ful Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful… -less Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless… -ly Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly,friendly… -like Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike… -y Healthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, sandy… -ish Childish, boyish, girlish, mannish, selfish… -al Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical… -ous Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous… -ic Artistic, electric, electronic, alcoholic, economic… -able Respectable, knowledgeable, reasonable… NOUN + less = ADJECTIVE NOUN + ful = ADJECTIVE NOUN + AL = ADJECTIVE speech⇒speechless: không nói rest⇒ restless: không nghỉ ngơi childl ⇒ childless: không con cái odour ⇒ odourless: không mùi care ⇒ careless: bất cẩn harm ⇒ harmless: không có hại tree ⇒ treeless: không có cây job ⇒ jobless: không có việc làm use ⇒ useful: có ich delight ⇒ delightful: thú vò success ⇒ successful: thành công hope ⇒ hopeful: có hy vọng care ⇒ careful: cẩn thận help ⇒ helpful: sẳn sàng giúp đỡ harm ⇒ harmful: có hại peace ⇒ peaceful: thanh bình waste ⇒ wasteful: lãng phí beauty ⇒ beautiful: đẹp wonder ⇒ wonderful: tuyệt vời agriculture ⇒ agricultural: nông nghiệp nature ⇒ natural: tự nhiên culture⇒ cultural: văn hóa continent⇒ continetal: lục đòa region⇒ regional: vùng. khu vực occupation ⇒ occupational: nghề nghiệp music ⇒ musical: âm nhạc nation ⇒ national: quốc gia medicine⇒ medical: y khoa surgery⇒ surgical: giải phẫu industry⇒ industrial: công nghiệp chemistry ⇒ chemical: hóa học history ⇒ historical: lòch sử logic ⇒ logical: hợp lý NOUN + Y = ADJECTIVE NOUN + OUS = ADJECTIVE NOUN + ISH = ADJECTIVE dust ⇒ dusty: có bụi snow ⇒ snowy: có tuyết rain ⇒ rainy: có mưa sand ⇒ sandy: có cát dirt ⇒ dirty: dơ bẩn health⇒ healthy: khỏe mạnh adventure⇒ adventurous: mạo hiểm poison ⇒ poisonous: độc hại fame⇒ famous: nổi tiếng danger ⇒ dangerous: nguy hiểm adventure ⇒ adventurous: mạo fool ⇒ foolish: ngu đần child ⇒ childish: hơi trẻ con red ⇒ reddish: hơi đỏ self ⇒ selfish: ích kỷ 1 salt (muối) ⇒ salty: mặn storm ⇒ stormy: có bão sun ⇒ sunny: nắng cloud ⇒ cloudy: có mây wind ⇒ windy: có gió mud⇒ muddy: có bùn hiểm miracle⇒miraculous: kỳ diệu glory ⇒ glorious: vẻ vang nerve (thần kinh) ⇒ nervous: hồi hộp NOUN + LY = ADJECTIVE NOUN + LIKE = ADJECTIVE NOUN / VERB + IVE = ADJECTIVE day ⇒ daily: hằng ngày week ⇒ weekly: hằng tuần month ⇒ monthly: hằng tháng year ⇒ yearly: hằng năm hour ⇒ hourly: hằng giờ friend (bạn) ⇒ friendly: thân thiện man ⇒ manly: nam tính brother ⇒ brotherly: tình anh em child ⇒ childlike: ngây thơ god ⇒ godlike: giống thần thánh life ⇒ lifelike: giống như người thật statesman ⇒ statesmanlike: như chính khách act ⇒ active: tích cực effect⇒ effective: có hiệu quả attract ⇒ attractive: hấp dẫn expense ⇒ expensive: đắt tiền protect ⇒ protective: bảo vệ VERB + ABLE = ADJECTIVE VERB +ED = ADJECTIVE VERB + ING = ADJECTIVE reason ⇒ reasonable: hợp lý comfort ⇒ comfortable:thoải mái enjoy⇒ enjoyable: thú vò divide ⇒ divisible: có thể chia được value ⇒ valuable: có giá trò tolerate ⇒ tolerable: có thể chòu đựng disappoint ⇒ disappointed: thất vọng satisfy ⇒ satisfied: hài lòng surprise ⇒ surprised: ngạc nhiên bore ⇒ bored: chán disappoint ⇒ disappointing: thất vọng satisfy ⇒ satisfying: hài lòng surprise ⇒ surprising: ngạc nhiên bore ⇒ boring: chán [1] : Give the correct form of the words in brackets: 1/ This country has a ________________________ climate. (continent) 2/ The ________________ University of Ho Chi Minh City has a very large language centre. (Nation) 3/ I think the prices here are ______________ (reason) 4/ I don’t think the food is very good, but it is _______________ (tolerate) 5/ This company offered a lot of ________________ jobs. (attract) 6/ I think it’s very _______________ of him to expect us to work overtime every night this week. (reason) 7/ Most of the food in supermarkets is very _______________ (attract) 8/ The Island has very few ___________________ resources. (nature) 9/ Burning garbage will give off __________________ odour. (pleasant) 10/ Oxygen is an ___________________ gas. (odour) 2 11/ These chemicals are _____________ They can cause death or illness if taken into the body. (poison) 12/ If you are ______________ when you write your composition, you will probably get a good grade. (care) 13/ Baseball is the _________________ sport in the United States. (nation) 14/ He wants to be a ______________ engineer. (chemistry) 15/ There have been many _______________ develpments in this century. (wonder) 16/ English has become an ________________ means of communication.(effect) 17/ Your new dress makes you more _____________ (beauty) 18/ Firemen wear ____________ clothing, otherwise they would get burnt. (protect) 19/ How many ____________ holidays do you have? (nation) 20/ Japan is an ____________ country (industry) 21/ I was _______________ about the dates. (confuse) 22/ “Time” is an American _____________ news magazine. (week) 23/ Don’t be afraid of the dog. He’s _____________ (harm) 24/ Thank you for the books. They will be very ____________ for my studies. (use) 25/ The children can play here. It’s not ______________ (danger) 26/ Carbon dioxide occurs in the air in a ____________ form. (nature) 27/ She was so surprised that she was unable to speak. She was _____________ with surprise. (speech) 28/ Those berries are _____________ Don’t eat them. (poison) 29/ You are grown up but you are still ______________ (child) 30/ No trees can grow on that soil. It is _______________ (tree) 31/ A ____________ statue stands in the middle of the pagoda. (life) 32/ The weather was excellent and we had an extremely _________ holiday. (enjoy) 33/ Many people still refuse to believe that smoking is ______________ (harm) 34/ As it was very ___________ all the trains were late. (fog) 35/ He likes reading _________________ novels. (history) 36/ It was a _____________ conclusion from the child’s point of view. (logic) 37/ Mr. and Mrs.Jones have been married for ten years. They have no children. They’re a __________ couple. (child) 38/ Clean air provides us a ____________ supply of oxegen. (health) 3 39/ He is always eady to give assistance to his friends. He is _______ to them. (help) 40/ Everyone was very ____________ towards me. (friend) 41/ They were ___________ in winning the contract. (success) 42/ For the more _______________ tourists, there are trips into the mountains with a local guide. (adventure) [B] : CACH THAỉNH LAP DANH Tệỉ. Formula Nouns Verb+ER/ OR / ANT Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant Verb + ION / TION Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision Verb + MENT / AL Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval. Verb + ING Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building Adj + NESS Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, ilness. Adj + TY Safety, loyalty, cruelty, variety, ability, honesty. Adj + TH Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength Adj + DOM Freedom, wisdom, boredom Noun + IST / IAN Guitarist, novelist, violinist, musician, physician, historian Noun + ISM Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism Noun + SHIP Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship Noun + HOOD Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood [C]: CACH THAỉNH LAP ẹONG Tệỉ. Formula Verbs DIS + verb Dislike, disagree,discharge, disinvest, dislocate Mis + verb Misunderstand, misread, mislead Out + verb Outrun, outnumber, outweigh, outlive Over + verb Overact, overpay, overheat, overturn, overchange Re + verb Rewrite, reread, retell, recall Under + verb Undercharge, underdevelop, underdo, underline, undersign Adj + EN EN + Adj / Noun Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, foften enrich, enable, enlarge, encourage, endanger Noun / Adj + ISE / IZE Sympathise, economise, socialize, memorize, industrialize [2]:Fill in the blanks with correct form of the word provided. 1. Film makers always try to show viewers the different life styles and interesting ________ aspects of many countries in the world. (culture) 2. Women nowadays have more ________ to participate in social activities. (free) 3. Hoang Le Nhat Thong Chi is a ________ novel. (history). 4 4. He has a ________ for English novels. (prefer) 5. SAI GON GIAI PHONG is published seven days a week. It is a _____ newspaper. (day) 6. If you burn the garbage, it will give off ________ odour. (poison) 7. Some children have to suffer from life time ________ (abnormal) 8. He is ________ active in spite of his old age. (wonder) 9. The company is very efficient and gives a ________ service. (speed) 10. When did ________ come to the village ? (electric) 11. She has a very busy ________ life. (society) 12. The plane arrived ________ after a violent storm. (safe) 13. Their study is getting on ________ (satisfy) 14. This company offered a lot of ________ jobs. (attract) 15. These snakes will not cause you any serious harm even if they bite you. They are ________ (harm) 16. He was ________ right when he said that the man was guilty. (reason) 17. She looks ________ beautiful. (surpise) 18. They were ________ when they read the result. (disappoint) 19. He has no ________ of leaving the city. (intend) 20. I feel ________ in this book. (interest) 21. John’s ________ improved at his new school. (behave) 21. I’ll give you further ________ (explain) 22. This is a ________ of a previous talk. (repeat) 23. Much ________ work requires a good knowledge of mathematics. (science) 24. Movies have ________ dress fashions. (broad) 25. Our grandmother didn’t work outside the home when she was young. She only did her _____ task. (tradition) 26. His ________ to retire surprised us all. (decide) 27. You should be ________ to tell them exactly what you think. (decide) 28. Many people find it ________ to advertise. (waste) 29. The guests were ________ welcomed. (cordial) 30. He looks thin, but ________ he is very healthy, (actual) 31. This man led a ________ happy life. (complete) 32. He did some old jobs at home ________ (disappoint) 33. The new job ________ him. (disappoint) 34. Nitric oxide is ________ harmful. It acts as a poison, which may cause death or injury if taken into the body. (high) 5 35. He was ________ in his job. (succeed) 36. The house was ________ with people. (crowd) 37. He is unhappy because of his ________ (deaf) 38. The government wants to ________ this training centre. (military) 39. We found out the ________ about him. (true) 40. I am ________ grateful to you for your help. (true) 41. I don’t think the food is very good, but it is ________ (tolerate) 42. They’ve got a ________ result. (satisfy) 43. Carbon dioxide occurs in the air in ________ form. (nature) 44. Children are ________ to overcome problems. (determine) 45. They got the ________ of being successful in life. (satisfy) 46. He is young man with great ________ (expect) 47. I like your new ________ machine. (calculate) 48. May I borrow your ________ ? (calculate) 49. The industrial ________ will lead to the country’s prosperity. (develop) 50. We must make ________ for our old age saving money. (provide) 51. I’m ________ sorry for the delay. (extreme) 52. It’s ________ kind of you. (awful) 53. The doctor told me to ________ in slowly. (breath) 54. It is often useful make a ________ between two things. (compare) 55. She has been worn down by ________ and illness. (poor) 56. Our pupils are raising money for the ________ (poor) 57. This is the greatest scientific ________ of the decade. (achieve) 58. Mary was ________ with long and difficult exercises. (bore) 59. I enjoy the football match. It was quite ________ (excite) 60. He has great ________ in God. (believe) 61. Violence is not the best ________ to an argument. (solve) 62. Not long ago, I was introduced to famous ________ (art) 63. The ________ of his wife was a great blow to him. (lose) 64. Toys are necessary for the mental ________ of children. (grow) 65. It is ________ to have short hair nowadays. (fashion) 66. The planets of our ________ system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiters, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. (sun) 67. Your rice field is more ________ than ours. (produce) 68. An ________ man has stolen all our money. (know) 6 69. In some places, the weather changes so quickly that it’s very _______ (predict) 70. They all passed their exams without the slightest ________ (difficult) 7 8 . CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TỪ (WORD FORMATION) [A] : CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TÍNH TỪ ĐƠN. Noun + suffix Adjectives -ful Harmful, useful,. chemistry ⇒ chemical: hóa học history ⇒ historical: lòch sử logic ⇒ logical: hợp lý NOUN + Y = ADJECTIVE NOUN + OUS = ADJECTIVE NOUN + ISH = ADJECTIVE dust ⇒