Grammar space 2 SB

r a m ram G Student Book Supplementary Material Introduction Review Test Each unit opens with a simple, real-life conversation that shows the use of the unit’s grammar points After every four units, students will take a review test The tests will help students recall what they have studied and assess their understanding of the grammar points Grammar Point Two grammar boxes explain the main grammar points in the unit Simple charts and corresponding pictures help students clearly understand and easily grasp the fundamental grammar structures that are being taught The grammar boxes are followed by practical exercises and drills that allow students to quickly check what they have learned PLUS+ Simple tips about minor exceptions, useful expressions, and word usage are provided to give students a more in-depth understanding of the grammar points Appendix More grammar rules and information are included at the back of the book Midterm/Final Test Practice Various exercises are presented to allow students to review and reinforce each unit’s grammar points and help them gradually expand their understanding of the grammar rules Grammar for Writing This section allows students to complete a written passage by applying their understanding of the key grammar points Each unit also includes an interesting reading passage that incorporates the grammar points students have learned The midterm and final tests allow students to evaluate their progress throughout the course Nouns, Articles, & Sentences Unit Unit Unit Unit Nouns & Articles Singular & Plural Nouns | Articles: A / An / The Count & Noncount Nouns Count Nouns vs Noncount Nouns | Some vs Any Pronouns Personal Pronouns | Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns Parts of a Sentence Subjects | Prepositions & Comparison 10 14 18 Predicates Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Prepositions of Time At / On / In | Before / After / During / For Prepositions of Place & Movement Prepositions of Place Unit Unit Unit Present & Past Simple: The Verb Be Present Simple: The Verb Be | Past Simple: The Verb Be Present Simple Positive & Negative | Adjectives | Comparatives & Superlatives Comparison Adverbs | Comparatives & Superlatives Present Continuous Positive & Negative | Modal Verbs Necessity: Must | 22 30 Yes / No Questions 34 Necessity: Have To Past Tense & Future Tense Unit Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Past Simple Positive & Negative | Past Continuous Positive & Negative | 42 Yes / No Questions Information Questions Information Questions with the Verb Be Future Will | Be Going To | Information Questions with Action Verbs 62 66 Unit 17 Unit 18 Unit 19 Unit 20 Conjunctions And / But / Or / So | When / Because / If Gerunds Gerunds | Gerunds as Objects Infinitives Infinitives | Infinitives as Objects Infinitives Infinitives as Subjects | Infinitives as Adverbs 70 74 78 82 Supplementary Material 38 Yes / No Questions 58 Conjunctions, erunds, & Infinitives 26 Yes / No Questions Prepositions of Movement Comparison Present Tense & Modal Verbs Unit | 54 46 50 • Review Tests - 5 88 - 97 • Appendix 98 - 100 • Midterm Test / Final Test Nouns & Articles Articles: A / An / The A: What you see in your classroom? B: I see a whiteboard, desks, and chairs Indefinite Article: A or an comes before a singular noun An is used when a noun begins with the vowel sound a, e, i, o, or u Definite Article: The comes before a singular or plural noun when we talk about a specific thing Singular & Plural Nouns A noun is the name of a person, place, or thing A singular noun is for one person or thing A plural noun is for two or more people or things Rule + -s + -es -y → -ies -f(e) → -ves irregular Singular Plural map student star eye toy banana tomato box dress bench watch dish story country lady family strawberry party leaf wolf thief knife wife life woman person man child mouse ox tooth goose foot stars maps students eyes toys bananas tomatoes boxes dresses benches watches dishes stories countries ladies families strawberries parties leaves wolves thieves knives wives lives people men women children mice oxen teeth geese feet sheep fish sheep fish deer A There is a tree Some cookies are on the plate The tree is blocking the road The cookies are delicious Complete the sentences with a , an , or the There is mall downtown I go to cat on the street I saw deer Write the singular or plural forms tomato lake is very deep wallet on the street – – vegetables Jane wrote blackberry – – mice Martin gave me child – – ladies He bought city – 10 – grapes woman – 11 – churches scarf – 12 – wives story story was about a wolf orange car wallet was empty orange was tasty car had two doors Complete the sentences with a or an Write X if an article is not needed B apartment was big lake at the park He found B cat was cute apartment We moved to There is A mall on weekends ostrich is a bird, but it cannot fly Correct the underlined words Jonathan likes soccer Brush your toothes three times a day Joy is good at science Look at the gooses near the pond Is she We saw two deers in the woods What did you have for There are many person in the mall I have famous singer in China? idea lunch? Nouns for languages, subjects, sports, and meals don’t need any articles She speaks English well  Practice A Complete the sentences player wolf B on a basketball team There are five are howling at the moon Two are under the tree bench The today class I have four sheep A shepherd takes care of many child are making a sandcastle at the beach The Complete the dialogues with a , an , or the Write X if an article is not needed A I don’t have A Sam, There is umbrella B Let’s share my umbrella umbrella is big enough for two people A Is there Mark has chair There are three backpack is on in his room They are full of 10 (bookcase) red (book) restroom is next to the toy store basketball after school Find the five mistakes and correct them B dinner with my family There is a park in my town When Count the items in the pictures and complete the sentences peach knife strawberry people sit on , and I walk my goose fish Daniel has , , and Lauren has , , and , benches and chat with their friends in , and sandwiches The green a park leafs on the puppyes every morning In the park, you can play sports, too Many Linda has three peaches, the sun shines brightly, There are usually many people in the park They walk and jog scarf fork trees give them shade while they eat deer box They eat snacks and hat dish orange Jack has desk I see two new backpack restroom around here? B Sorry, I can’t I’m having alarm clock on computer and (chair) exam this morning I have to go now B Yes, there is A Let’s play desk in Mark’s room I see breakfast is ready! B Mom, I have C This is Mark’s room Look and describe his room A 10 childs play soccer and baseball There is a tennis court I often play tennis with my friend after an dinner I can relax and enjoy myself in the park It is my favorite place Count & Noncount Nouns B A: Do you have any fresh fruit? B: Yes, we have some strawberries, grapes, and mangoes Choose and complete the sentences Count Nouns vs Noncount Nouns Noncount Nouns a dog – two dogs water money air time bowl There is cup information advice glass jar slice There are juice sugar There is Seoul coffee There are an egg – ten eggs homework bottle We can count a count noun with numbers, but we cannot count a noncount noun with numbers Noncount nouns include things such as materials, liquids, and proper nouns Count Nouns water There is jam There are bread To express amounts for noncount nouns, we use measure words a carton of milk Some vs Any a bottle of water a milk (x) Some and any show the number or amount of a plural count noun or noncount noun We use some in positive sentences and any in negative sentences or questions two cartons of milk three bottles of water two milks (x) Positive Negative Question a piece of paper a loaf of bread two pieces of paper three loaves of bread a cup of coffee a glass of juice a can of soda a slice of cheese a piece of cake a jar of honey A I have three books I have some books I don’t have any books Do you have any books? There is juice There is some juice There isn’t any juice Is there any juice? Circle the correct words There is ( some / any ) water in the bottle James doesn’t have ( some / any ) homework a roll of toilet paper a teaspoon of salt a bowl of rice Is there ( some / any ) sugar? Gary sent ( some / any ) letters Mom didn’t buy ( some / any ) meat A Can we have ( some / any ) bread? Circle the count nouns and underline the noncount nouns Use some in questions to offer or ask for something Do you want some milk? piano oil notebook bottle paper Washington There isn’t any jam in the jar There is chair music information We need some money We don’t need box camera homework The store doesn’t sell any toys The store sells Clara drinks some milk Clara doesn’t drink B Complete the positive or negative sentences in the jar Practice A Correct the underlined words A Look at the pictures and complete the recipe for pancakes We need five slice of cheeses flour eggs Mrs Baker bought two loaf of breads butter baking powder milk Mr Brown spends some times with his family cup teaspoon glass some (x4) Kate and Daniel didn’t their homeworks strawberries I plant any flowers in the garden every year maple syrup B Complete the dialogues with some or any A Is there B No, there isn’t There is A I’m starving But I don’t have A I need B Me, too Are there Melt honey butter in a frying pan and pour the mixture into the pan Enjoy the pancakes with apples Let’s share them cookies B new shirts maple syrup and Find the five mistakes and correct them Would you like to make delicious chicken curry? Here’s how! clothing stores around here? First, slice Look at the picture and complete the sentences carton bubbles on the top strawberries cookies? C flour, and milk Flip the pancake when you see money B Sorry, I don’t have baking powder, sugar? B No, I don’t I have A Can I have Add butter A Do you have B I have Crack two eggs into a bowl and whisk them cheese in the fridge? glass slice some any pizza There are juice There are milk There are some onions, garlic, and peppers Do you have any carrots in the fridge? If you do, then add too If you don’t like spicy food, don’t put There are There isn’t water in the bottle flowers in the vase Then, chop any chicken Heat some carrots, some peppers in an oil in a pan, and cook the vegetables and the chicken Add spoons and stir for a while Add five curry paste table- some salt Finally, put in two tablespoon of cream Mix everything together, and cook it for about 30 minutes Eat the curry with 10 some rice or naan bread! Pronouns Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns A: Is this your phone? B: No, it isn’t Mine is in my pocket A possessive adjective tells who the person, animal, place, or thing belongs to A possessive pronoun can replace a possessive adjective and its noun Singular Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun my mine our ours your yours your yours We can use a pronoun instead of a noun Singular Plural Plural Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun his / her / its his / hers / - their theirs I me we us Amy’s Amy’s girls’ girls’ you you you you he / she / it him / her / it they them The blue hat is mine = my hat The yellow hats are theirs Sarah works at a restaurant She is a good cook People like her A Tim has grandparents They live in the countryside Tim visits them during summer vacation A Write the subject pronouns for the underlined words Mrs Nelson teaches English → teaches English Liz and I missed the bus → missed the bus Andy and Nick are twins → are twins Jack is eating some bread → is eating some bread The steak is very delicious → is very delicious B Complete the sentences with possessive adjectives I passport we The green ones are Jack These are you parents he This is not suitcases in-line skates socks are on the floor room This is my house is the one with the large windows Write the possessive pronouns for the underlined words The red shoes are my shoes B Complete the sentences with object pronouns Anna has many toys She shares The jacket is not her jacket with her sister We live next door to Mrs Smith She often visits Henry is my best friend I met I need to talk to you and Dave I’ll call This umbrella is your umbrella yesterday later Our car is the large white car over there The brown glasses are Tony’s glasses Write down your address next to their address Practice A A Complete the dialogues A Excuse me, I think this seat is I he B Really? Let me check seat number A Have you seen Billy? is missing B I saw you in front of the ticket booth A Can I get phone number, Jake? B My phone number is 470–3547 What is A Look at your bike it There are lockers at the gym Complete the sentences about the items in the lockers ? seat is broken B I know I need to repair The sneakers are B Complete the sentences with pronouns Jane and I are running Our dog is following are a bit old The backpack is skirt is green It is cheerleading skirt Nick has sunglasses Amy’s Christmas gift was a hat, but she didn’t like Nick Melanie is large The red cap is cap is blue last year Sarah lives in Canada I visited Julie I Leo dad bought 10 for his birthday is in my locker This is not my uniform is my favorite super hero Spider-Man is very brave B I borrowed a camera from him The camera is Find the five mistakes and correct them I study every day My brother doesn’t study as much as I C Look at the family tree and complete the sentences he we her my our Still, their his parents’ names are Tim and Donna are twins sister Sally is Donna John Kate We love Kevin is Eric Me Sally Kevin we study, we study in different ways is organized and clean I study at home at day My favorite subject is science I ask my brother He helps very much wife is Kate John is my uncle she gets good grades It is strange When His desk at home is very messy He studies at the library instead Eric and I are brothers Tim son is short and chubby we always try My my desk every Him is English So when I need help with my essays, I and gives good advice Even though we study differently, their best And our parents support 10 us all the time Parts of a Sentence Predicates A: I like math I study math every day B: Really? Math is difficult for me A predicate tells what the subject is or does There is at least one verb in a predicate A predicate can also include an adverb or prepositional phrase Subject Subjects James A sentence has a subject and a predicate The subject tells who or what the sentence is about predicate Subject The camera / looks new James (who) subject (what) predicate A subject can be a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase Subject (noun) (pronoun) (noun phrase) The flowers They The colorful flowers The flowers in the vase The flowers and leaves Predicate studies hard in the library (adverb) (prepositional phrase) Some verbs need an object or a complement An object is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb A complement gives information about the subject A woman / takes a picture subject Predicate A Predicate reads is some books a smart student (object) (complement) Circle the verbs and underline the predicates The boys play soccer after school She wears a uniform at work are beautiful Whales swim in the deep sea My science teacher knows a lot about the universe He eats dinner with his parents A Many people take the subway in the morning Divide the sentences into subjects and predicates with slashes(/) We watched a movie together on Friday He is good at math Ms Campbell was a volleyball player 10 years ago My family lives in an apartment Nick and Jack traveled to Spain together The black cat on the sofa is sleeping Mr Simpson walks his dog in the morning B Circle the verbs and check(✔) the parts of the predicates Object Complement Adverb Prepositional Phrase He drives a car fast B 18 Underline the subjects in the sentences The girl cried sadly The tree in the garden is tall They are friendly people My little brother swims in the sea Jane wants a new backpack Mr and Mrs Wallace are my neighbors I learn music at school The tall boy plays basketball with his friends He holds the glass carefully Her favorite dessert is chocolate ice cream We are busy on Monday Unit • Parts of a Sentence 19 Practice A Choose and complete the sentences and but or A when My brother is smart, if or dry them but don’t put in he doesn’t like to study went for a walk They had dinner together the doorbell rang, I was reading a book you have some free time? Are you busy on Sunday, together, the white clothes will change color • • and bought some bread • so he took a taxi His bag was heavy, • but he can’t write it • Hang the clothes in the sun • because it was thundering outside He can speak Chinese, • • or he will order a pizza Hiking can be a fun activity, when because if and it may cause mountain sickness Mountain sickness is a condition This car doesn’t look nice It is very comfortable that happens → This car doesn’t look nice, happens when people go to high altitudes This so the air pressure is lower there If you have mountain sickness, you may experience difficulty You want my hat You can have it breathing, headaches, , you can have it avoid mountain sickness She was young She lived with her cousins and stretch your body There are many people in the mall It is very noisy But you are on the so your body can relax This way, you can but enjoy your hike However, the symptoms, even after hiking, see a doctor immediately , she lived with her cousins → There are many people in the mall, or dizziness To prevent mountain sickness, be sure to drink mountain, walk slowly and take breaks, → He was tired plenty of water before your hike He was tired He didn’t sleep well last night → Find the five mistakes and correct them Choose and complete the sentences → detergent in the drier He went to the bakery • but 5 Take out the clothes after the machine stops He couldn’t go to sleep • so out of them too many clothes Add the detergent B C white clothes, don’t wash them with colored clothes Match to complete the sentences He will cook dinner and take everything and start the machine Put the clothes in the washing machine, the food is great I like this restaurant when you wash if you wash them Check the pockets you know Susan, please introduce me to her B because These are the steps for doing laundry Choose and complete the sentences 10 because you have any of 18 erunds Gerunds as Objects A: What you enjoy doing in your free time? B: I enjoy watching movies A gerund can be used as an object after a verb or a preposition in a sentence Object Gerunds A gerund uses the form verb + –ing It is used as a noun, so it can be a subject, complement, or object in a sentence Subject noun gerund Baseball is fun Playing baseball is fun Complement noun gerund I am a teacher My job is teaching history Object noun gerund I like photos I like taking photos She likes soccer She likes playing soccer noun gerund She is good at soccer She is good at playing soccer Some verbs are often used with a gerund enjoy finish keep mind avoid consider stop like love start hate A Look at the pictures and match to complete the sentences A noun gerund Read the underlined parts and check(✔) Subject Object Complement Studying math every day is not easy They enjoyed swimming yesterday Jessica likes • • washing their dog My goal this year is learning Chinese Amy and Tom enjoy • • making a Christmas card Jack’s job is selling flowers Tom finished • • cooking for us Sarah finished writing her essay My grandmother loves • • riding her bike to school Cleaning a house takes a long time B B Complete the sentences with the gerunds write win speak cry send help His dream job is knit My mother’s hobby is sleep I hate Does Kate like ( read / reading ) comic books? stories Dave loves Circle the correct words Tom ( climbed / climbing ) the mountain on Sunday the race is important to Simon My dad started ( learned / learning ) Japanese last year Russian is not easy Are you interested in ( draw / drawing ) people? until midnight The baby kept emails is easier than writing letters sick people around the world with the light on Daniel always ( does / doing ) his homework after dinner Lucy keeps ( tell / telling ) lies to her friends They enjoy ( listen / listening ) to pop music Sue is excited about ( travel / traveling ) to China John is scared of ( get / getting ) on an airplane 10 My mother finished ( cut / cutting ) the potatoes Practice A A Look at the pictures and complete the sentences using the gerunds Complete Wayne’s story about his job using the gerunds as a subject listen as a complement look take as an object collect play Wayne’s father’s hobby was watch TV clean the room drive at night to Wayne We finished with the photography in university Now, Wayne’s job is dreams of B his pictures to his father’s stories about the pictures cameras Later, he started They stopped cameras He also was exciting, too He also enjoyed can be dangerous study at them was fun for Wayne My father is good at open loved to take pictures He liked make furniture show pictures He his own gallery one day Complete the dialogues using the gerunds A What does Mr Taylor do? B He is a computer technician His job is A Do you mind computers (fix) the windows? (open) B Not at all A I’m not good at Find the subjects, complements, and objects and write the numbers B (swim) B It’s okay Just keep by airplane (travel) B How about a train, then? (take) One good habit is recycling your trash once When you finish Complete the sentences using the gerunds We are bad at sports (play) is helpful for kids using plastic bags this → We are bad at → Kevin enjoys Putting paper, using items more than drinking water, juice, or soda, don’t Reusing the plastic bottle as a water bottle or a flower pot is a good idea Finally, you can stop He is interested in animals (help) → He is interested in Kevin enjoys science (study) throw away the plastic bottle I like computer games (play) → I like playing computer games This book is helpful for kids (read) → helping the cans, and bottles in different bins will help a lot They can be recycled easily Another good habit is C earth by changing your habits every day (practice) A I don’t like Saving the earth is important You can start 10 Subject Bringing your own bag to the supermarket is an easy way to Reducing trash protects the earth When will you start helping the earth? Object Complement 19 Infinitives Infinitives as Objects A: Do you want to go swimming? B: Yes, I But I need to finish my homework first An infinitive can be the object of a verb in a sentence Infinitives Some verbs are often used with an infinitive An infinitive uses the form to + verb It is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb want hope plan need expect decide choose ask agree mean happen promise When an infinitive is used as a noun, it can be a subject, complement, or object in a sentence Subject noun infinitive Baseball is fun To play baseball is fun (not normally used) Complement noun infinitive My favorite city is Paris My plan is to travel to Paris Object noun infinitive I like photos I like to take photos Some verbs, such as like, love, hate, start, and begin, can be used with both an infinitive and gerund I started to learn Japanese (= I started learning Japanese.) A A I To get up early is easy She decided to buy a new car go meet perform get cook My parents like open His dream is Brian plans abroad He wanted to the circus I hope My plan is Sam expected hopes decided Sam and I you again soon my music for thousands of people a good grade dinner together a French restaurant 2 3 your new painting some books on the way home visit study her friend in Hong Kong next year English every day planned buy promised help each other choose live alone these days Many people B Complete the sentences using the infinitives study see borrow My parents We don’t use infinitives as subjects often We can use gerunds instead  To play baseball is fun → Playing baseball is fun Mike is always kind to people need Amy My plan is to finish my homework by 6:30 B want Sarah They listened to the teacher carefully My sister loves to talk on the phone (= My sister loves talking on the phone.) Check(✔) the correct places for to We all Read the underlined words and circle them if they are infinitives The students go to school by bus He wants some books He wants to read some books noun infinitive Object a new house Choose and complete the sentences using the infinitives take wash Jim expected My brother learned Brenda wants You don’t need We agreed I promise worry follow win the soccer match last year dance lessons about the problem the new school rules Mom’s car this weekend drive Practice A Complete the sentences A Tim loves coffee (drink) B Robert always tries to help his friends Complete the sentences using the infinitives improve → Tim loves to drink coffee read He wants chocolate (eat) → He wants I expect a present (get) → I expect My dream is We need a reservation (make) → We need a great tennis player She likes the drums (play) → She likes Jane hates her glasses (wear) → Jane hates practice make pay be I want You should try my French You need attention in class more Don’t give up, Cindy Look at the pictures and complete the sentences using the infinitives I always forget I decided take meet walk Start get They agreed at the restaurant Josh started his dog in the afternoon Would you like a to-do list every day B some gas We need my book club? Find the infinitives as objects and complements and write the numbers the bus to school Lucy likes a lot of books my homework Roald Amundsen was born in Norway in 1872 His dream was C join to become an explorer He wanted North Pole However, before he started Complete the sentences using the infinitives to reach the to make the journey, he heard that another explorer had chosen to want / paint Josh and Kate promise / fix I your computer tonight his plan His new plan was hope / find I my wallet soon weather But in 1911, he became the first explorer to reach the South Pole His next goal plan / have Where did you expect / see I didn’t decide / become Dr Ryan, why did you their house your birthday party? my old friend at the mall a doctor? travel there before him Amundsen decided was to change to go to the South Pole It was hard to travel in the cold to visit the North Pole, and he succeeded He just loved Object Complement to explore new places 20 Infinitives Infinitives as Adverbs A: I will go to talk to Professor Collins B: Oh, he is always busy It’s not easy to meet him! An infinitive can give details about an action like an adverb does It expresses the purpose of the action in a sentence Adverb Infinitives as Subjects Infinitive When an infinitive is the subject of a sentence, it usually comes at the end of the sentence In this case, the sentence starts with it They study hard They study to pass the exam Action I study science Jenny bought a digital camera A koala is climbing up the tree To take pictures is exciting It is exciting to take pictures (It = to take pictures) It It A Be Adjective is polite dangerous important Infinitive Purpose A Match to complete the sentences I sometimes use my hair dryer to say thank you to drive in the rain to eat breakfast every day to become a scientist to take many pictures to eat the leaves • • to take a yoga class in the morning She practiced figure skating hard • • to ask about the homework Daniel called me • • to dry my wet clothes Scott was going to the park • • to win a gold medal Underline what it means in the sentences I made cookies at home • • to walk his dog It is fun to go to an amusement park Nicole got up early • • to bring to the party It is not easy to move a table alone It is hard to get up early in the morning It is helpful to listen to other people To tell a lie is wrong = Telling a lie is wrong = It is wrong to tell a lie It is convenient to use a calculator It was nice to talk to you B B Look at the pictures and complete the sentences using the infinitives Write the sentences using it and the infinitives To draw cartoons is fun To read the directions is useful = It is fun to draw cartoons = Brian is saving money Remembering new names is difficult = The girl is raising her hand Eating instant noodles is unhealthy = Miranda set her alarm clock To see volcanoes is interesting I went to the supermarket = Practice A Look at the pictures and complete the sentences using the infinitives Some ads are posted on the school notice board Complete the ads A • The Volunteer Club animals in danger Visit our blog (necessary / save) (read) more information about helping animals It is other people It is dinner at this restaurant easy kind safe expensive the question It is not this water It is • The Debate Club answer drink have help other people’s thoughts about issues We invite you (interesting / hear) your opinions (share) • The Fitness Club healthy Come to the gym B save money on gas become an actor He bought a small car like someone else on a stage Join our club look younger (exciting / act) your acting talent (find) Benjamin went to an acting school My grandmother wears makeup every day I’m looking at the map C Find the infinitives as subjects and adverbs and write the numbers B Many teenagers drink energy drinks Choose and complete the dialogues using the infinitives borrow travel speak surprise B It was good, but it was difficult A It is not easy to work faster their name, it is easy to think energy drinks give us to enjoy the taste Because of to drink energy drinks? to drink energy drinks often They have a lot of caffeine, which can cause headaches Also, it is dangerous to exercise hard after drinking energy drinks You may even have a heart attack It can be difficult A Bob, where’s your sister? B She went to the library According to many doctors, it is not healthy without a guidebook to stay awake Others drink them just energy However, is it good John It’s his birthday today A How was your trip to China? before an exam Some people drink them A What are they doing in the kitchen? B They are hiding (exercise) • The Acting Club Choose and complete the sentences using the infinitives find the station with us (important / stay) some books in front of many people B I agree I always feel nervous when I make a speech to stop drinking energy drinks So, it is foolish Subject to rely on them Adverb 10 to get energy Supplementary Material Review Test Units 1–4 A Circle the correct words D Choose and complete the sentences I have ( a / an / the ) younger brother children Sophia eats ( a / an / the ) sandwiches The I don’t have ( any / some ) homework today There is a ( carton / piece ) of milk in my backpack Can you buy two ( bottles / loaves ) of bread at the bakery? my grandparents girl pictures water with red hair is really pretty Is there a glass of on the table? Corey takes many in the forest for dessert I want a piece of I need a ( bowl / roll ) of toilet paper on the playground There are ten were doctors ten years ago B pie Choose the correct answers I have a dictionary in my bag Dictionary A dictionary The dictionary French a French I have toast for the breakfast the French Is there some butter in the fridge? information on their website any many a any My grandparents’s car is white Sam’s favorite subject science some The students in the hall are study hard Jenny drinks two glasses of juices every day some comic books John doesn’t have sixth graders Correct the underlined words The student has a excellent idea well My mother speaks There is E is thick English books F Change the underlined words and rewrite the sentences There are strawberries on the dish Singular C Complete the sentences using pronouns or possessive adjectives You have a nice bag Is I have a sister from Italy? Amy has two dogs She takes The students have a good teacher You cannot park your car on the street Possessive pronoun bike is new Jayden and I need some help Lily will help 88 Singular sister is a dancer Cindy has a bike The gray wolves are wild to the park on weekends teacher is Mr Green Our house is across from their house Possessive pronoun The yellow pencil is not his pencil Review Test 89 Review Test Units 5–8 A Circle the correct words D Choose and complete the sentences We ( aren’t / don’t ) growing vegetables in our garden are Anna ( isn’t / doesn’t ) play any mobile games drink goes I’m not The bags on the shelf ( aren’t / don’t ) expensive You ( must / mustn’t ) put your trash in the trash can You look busy You ( have to / don’t have to ) help me now visiting my friend tonight the juice It tastes bad Ms Homer at the theater last night to the park at lunchtime The girls in the same class They don’t B have to You mustn’t Daniel I need crayons for school I ( have to / don’t have to ) borrow my brother’s was walk to school They take the school bus Choose the correct answers Jenny E buying her dress now isn’t doesn’t wasn’t is was David miss his grandmother were Mr Todd have to attend a meeting on holiday My uncle and aunt are in New Zealand They are Rachel always try to help others amazing I visited the museum yesterday The paintings We not must speak loudly in class must Jasmine is huging a little boy our school festival happen in July? Is Does The waiter is serve salad and soup Was they going to the beach? Do Are Correct the underlined words F Was Write the sentences Ethan eats breakfast early Negative C 90 Complete the dialogues We are waiting for Kate in front of the post office A you Jennifer Lawrence? B Yes, am A John with you yesterday? B No, wasn’t A you watch the news every day? B Yes, A Jane often watch old movies? B No, doesn’t A the cat running after the mice? B Yes, is A Dave and Ella working today? B No, aren’t Negative The children sing in the school choir Negative Your yellow socks are in the washing machine Past tense Mr Simpson’s English class isn’t boring Review Test 91 Review Test Units 9–12 A B Circle the correct words D Complete the sentences in the past continuous Andy and I ( was / were / will ) eating chocolate bars snow It Evelyn ( is / was / will ) be an excellent dancer in the future take Evan The pilot ( was / were / will ) flying over the sea not / shop My brother ( is / are / will ) going to fix the door tomorrow watch Mr and Mrs White ( were going / are going to go ) hiking next Saturday help We ( collect / collected / will collect ) money for homeless people yesterday not / sleep Choose the correct answers E What were you doing at the park? Yes, we were No, we weren’t We were playing basketball He was at the gym He was playing games a funny movie at seven The children My sister the old lady earlier an hour ago Correct the underlined words Maya wasn’t check her email yesterday No, she didn’t I won’t not go for a walk tonight She was at the shop The kids didn’t ran around the fountain Yes, they did They had dinner at home Yes, I did I will see it tonight What did you see last night? I saw the full moon Sophie He isn’t go to visit me tomorrow Where did Austin and his sister have dinner last night? They made spaghetti for shoes at the mall Joe and I Did Grace gave the book to you? What did Ms Jackson buy yesterday? She bought candy a test at ten o’clock this morning Where did you yesterday morning? Where was Owen after school? No, he wasn’t heavily at noon yesterday F Write the sentences Ryan drops the vase on the floor Past tense C Complete the dialogues They often climb the mountain in summer A Sam like his birthday gift? B Yes, did A the woman driving a car? B No, wasn’t A the students drawing maps? B Yes, were A you be an artist in the future? B No, won’t Past tense Brian buys a new backpack for the trip Past tense I will call her in the evening Negative 92 A Jane going to study tonight? B Yes, is A you going to the laundry? B Yes, am The students finished the midterm exam Review Test 93 Review Test Units 13–16 A Circle the correct words D Choose and complete the sentences I took swimming lessons ( at / in / on / X ) last spring around The designer made this dress ( at / in / on / X ) 2010 during December 10 from the restaurant A new bakery opened There is a flower pot ( at / between ) the telephone and the TV the corner The truck is going She ran up the war My brother’s final exam starts There are many cars and buses ( in / on ) the road the stairs to the second floor Choose the correct answers Sam carries the glass bottles careful carefully more careful E than mine Your coat looks nice nicer bright the nicest brightly The singer spoke quiet before the concert Emma is standing in the front of the store more brightly We walked from the zoo up the park of all the ballerinas She dances beautiful the most beautiful My uncle plays basketball poor the most beautifully Victoria’s brother is a tall and handsome of all the author’s books This book is the famousest the most famous the most famously Complete the sentences using the comparatives or superlatives funny important late The car arrived hot This is early My dad came home well Andrew paints scenery Mark is Friends are Correct the underlined words Henry’s parents are on work now colors The painter always uses 94 across the pool Many soldiers died My grandparents traveled around the world ( during / for ) five months C on Jenny likes swimming Ms Grey called my mom ( at / in / on / X ) dinnertime B in person on the TV show than money to me than the bus city in the country than my brother in our art class F Match the sentences Where is the theater? • • I go fishing with my dad David can’t find his cat • • I went there during my vacation When did you go to Tokyo? • • It’s hiding under the bed What you on Sundays? • • I went to the bookstore How long did you sleep? • • I slept for five hours Where did you go after school? • Review Test 95 Review Test Units 17–20 A Circle the correct words D Choose and complete the sentences Logan walked into the room ( and / but / or / so ) looked for his bag and Is Crystal younger ( and / but / or / so ) older than you? There aren’t any empty chairs, ( and / but / or / so ) I will just stand if or Jessica knows it you aren’t busy, can you help me now? delicious he was young My brother was chubby ( When / Because / If ) my dad was a university student, he didn’t have a cell phone Do you want a plastic bag a paper bag? Gloria can’t go on a picnic she has a stomachache Choose the correct answers My dad finished wash his car washing go to wash going staying I didn’t expect receive It is not easy learn a new skill My goal this year to win a gold medal to stay He bought some bread making sandwiches an email from him receiving It polite to reply to your teacher’s emails to receive She is scared of to swim in the sea her name Jeremy kept call Correct the underlined words Would you mind to open the front door? to go at home? Will Adam go shopping or stay E outside Wear a thick coat when you 96 but The blueberry cake tastes sweet I didn’t go hiking ( when / because / if ) I had an appointment with Dr Parr C because I don’t know the answer, I’m sorry, ( and / but / or / so ) I can’t help you now B when calling to call Complete the sentences F go to the aquarium finish Naomi hopes watch It is exciting write He enjoys books for teenagers buy She needs a new car find They surfed the Internet We are excited about her project soon football games a nice restaurant Match to complete the sentences Walking my dog is • • but he wasn’t hurt Brody bought candles • • to use the old printer My brother fell off his bike, • • when I am in a hurry It was inconvenient • • to decorate the room My sister’s dream is • • my favorite thing to The bus always comes late • Review Test 97 Appendix Present Simple: Spelling Rules Verb Type Comparative and Superlative Adjectives: Spelling Rules Base Form Third-person Singular Rule most verbs use find uses finds + –s verbs ending in –ch , –sh , –s , –x catch match push finish miss pass mix fix catches matches pushes finishes misses passes mixes fixes + –es verbs ending in a consonant + –y carry try reply fly carries tries replies flies –y → –ies verbs ending in a vowel + –y say play enjoy buy says plays enjoys buys + –s exceptions have go has goes does – Adjective Type Base Form Comparative Superlative Rule smart young smarter younger smartest youngest + –er/–est adjectives ending in –e wise nice safe wiser nicer safer wisest nicest safest + –r/–st adjectives ending in a vowel and a consonant hot big fat hotter bigger fatter hottest biggest fattest double consonant + –er/–est adjectives ending in –y heavy early pretty heavier earlier prettier heaviest earliest prettiest –y → –ier/–iest adjectives with two or more syllables beautiful important expensive more beautiful more important more expensive most beautiful most important most expensive more/most + most adjectives Past Simple: Spelling Rules Verb Type 98 Base Form Present Continuous Rule most verbs open finish clean stay opened finished cleaned stayed + –ed verbs ending in –e like love hope close live use arrive change liked loved hoped closed lived used arrived changed + –d verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant drop hug stop plan dropped hugged stopped planned double consonant + –ed verbs ending in a consonant + –y study cry try worry studied cried tried worried –y → –ied Gerunds and Infinitives Verb + Gerund enjoy finish keep mind stop avoid consider Verb + Infinitive want hope plan need expect decide choose ask agree promise Verb + Gerund/Infinitive like love start begin hate continue Appendix 99 Appendix List of Irregular Verbs 100 Base form Present continuous Past simple Base form Present continuous Past simple be being was/were let letting let become becoming became lose losing lost begin beginning began make making made break breaking broke meet meeting met build building built pay paying paid buy buying bought put putting put catch catching caught read reading read come coming came ride riding rode cut cutting cut rise rising rose doing did run running ran draw drawing drew say saying said drink drinking drank see seeing saw drive driving drove sell selling sold eat eating ate send sending sent feel feeling felt sing singing sang find finding found sit sitting sat fly flying flew sleep sleeping slept forget forgetting forgot speak speaking spoke get getting got spend spending spent give giving gave stand standing stood go going went swim swimming swam have having had take taking took hear hearing heard teach teaching taught hide hiding hid tell telling told hit hitting hit think thinking thought keep keeping kept wake waking woke know knowing knew wear wearing wore leave leaving left win winning won lie lying lay write writing wrote