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Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5

11 Inversion : Cấu trúc đảo ngữ Khi trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định ( Seldom , Rarely , Never , No sooner , Hardly , Not until , No longer … ) đặt đầu câu  Phải đảo ngữ trợ từ Examples: : I seldom come there at night Seldom I come there at night People didn’t discover Aids until 1981 Not until 1981 did people discover Aids  It was not until 1981 that people discovered Aids We have never seen such a wonderful sight before Never have we seen such a wonderful sight before She had not gone to bed until her father got home from work Not until her father got home from work had she gone to bed 12 Active and passive voice : Câu chủ động  Câu bị động Tenses Active  Passive Simple present S1 + V1(s/es) + O S2 + am / is / are + V1(pp) Simple past S1 + V1(cột / ed) + O S2 + was / were + V1(pp) Present S1 + AM / IS / ARE + V1-ing S2+Am/Is/Are + Being continuous S1 + WAS / WERE + V1-ing +V1(pp) Past continuous S2+Was/Were + Being +V1(pp) Present / past S1 + HAS / HAVE + V1(pp) S2+ Has / Have + Been+ perfect HAD V1(pp) Had Modal verbs S1 + MODAL + V (bare inf) S2 + MODAL + Be +V1 (pp) Modals : can,could,will,would,shall,should,may,might,must,used to,have to,has to,had to… * Chủ ngữ câu chủ động :I,we,you,he,she,it,they,people,someone,somebody… Khi đổi sang câu bị động là: by me,us,you,him,her,it,them,people,somebody….thì bỏ * Chủ ngữ câu chủ động nobody , no one , nothing … đổi sang câu bị động chuyển động từ (be) chia theo “S” phủ định …rồi chuyển V1 thành V+ ed / pp * Nếu câu chủ động có tân ngữ, tân ngữ làm chủ ngữ câu bị động * By + O đứng trước trạng ngữ thời gian đứng sau trạng ngữ nơi chốn câu bị động * Nếu tân ngữ câu bị động vật , việc dùng giới từ “with” thay cho “by” trước tân ngữ * Nếu tân ngữ câu chủ động anybody , anyone , anything … đổi sang câu bị động phải chuyển thành S => nobody , no one , nothing … chuyển động từ sang thể ngược lại *** Câu bị động đặc biệt : Câu bị động với think/believe/say…: CĐ: S1 (People,They,… )+ V1 (say/think/believe…) that + clause (S2 + V 2(chia) + … )  BĐ: S2+ is/am/are+ said/thought/believed…+to V2………… To have + PII (nếu V2 lùi so với V 1) It+ is/am/are+ said/thought/believed… that+ clause To be câu bị động chia theo V1 câu chủ động Ex: People believe that 13 is an unlucky number =>13 is believed to be an unlucky number =>It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number They thought that Mai had gone away =>Mai was thought to have gone away =>It was thought that Mai had gone away Câu bị động với “have”: CĐ: S+ have/has/had sb st  BĐ: S+have/has/had st done (by sb) Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday =>I had my bicycle repaired yesterday Câu bị động với “get”: CĐ: S+ get/gets/got sb to st  BĐ: S+ get/gets/got st done (by sb) Ex: I got him to repair my car last week => I got my car repaired last week Câu bị động với “make”: CĐ: S+ make/made sb st ……  BĐ: (sb)+ is / are / was / were made to st Ex: The step mother made Littele Pea the chores all day => Littele Pea was made to the chores all day Need: CĐ: S + need (chia) to st  BĐ: (st) + need (chia) to be done  (st) + (need) doing Ex: You need to cut your hair =>Your hair needs to be cut => Your hair needs cutting Examples: People speak Enghish all over the world  Enghish is spoken all over the world Is she making a new dress for her mother?  Is a new dress being made for her mother? The boys broke the window and took away some pictures  The window was broken and somes pictures were taken away by the boys You must clean the wall before you paint it  The wall must be cleaned before it is painted He can’t see anything  Nothing can be seen ( by him ) John gave me a present  I was given a present by John  A present was given for me by John Alice saw Ann last week  Ann was seen by Alice last week Mr Smith found the boy in the park  The boy was found in the park by Mr Smith Smoke filled the room  The room was filled with smoke 10 I had him repair my bicycle yesterday  I had my bicycle repaired ( by him ) yesterday 11 I get her to make some coffee  I get some coffee made ( by her ) 13 Relative clauses : Mệnh đề quan hệ *** Who: used for people (Subject)  Who + Verb *** Whom: used for people (Object / him, her, them, you, us, me…)  whom + S + Verb / Clause *** Whose: used to show possession (his, her, their, your, our, my…)  whose + Noun *** Which: used for things (Subject / Object)  which + (S) + Verb / Clause *** Where: used to modify a place  At / In / On + which / there / here *** When: used to modify a noun of time  At / In / On + which / then *** Why: used to introduce a reason  the reason, for the reason Notes :1 Nếu có cụm từ : Neither of them ,All of them ,Some of them , Any of them …  Neither of / All of / Some of / Any of … + which / whom Chỉ sử dụng whom or which sau giới từ Không dùng that mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.(có dấu phẩy) Phải dùng that mệnh đề quan hệ có tiền danh từ hỗn hợp người vật Examples: I don’t know the reason She left school fot it  I don’t know the reason ( for which ) …………………… she left school This is the house We often stay in this house in the summer  This is the house ( in which) …………………… we often stay in the summer Can you arrange the time ? We can have another discussion at that time  Can you arrange the time ( at which ) ………………… we can have another discussion ? The man is my father I respect his opinion best  The man …………………… opinion I respect most is my father The taxi driver is friendly He took me to yhe airport  The taxi driver …………………… took me to the airport is friendly Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday  Mary and Margaret , …………………… you met yesterday , are twins I look at the moon It was very bright that evening  I look at the moon …………………… was very bright that evening That is the man to …………………… I spoke this morning