5 câu điều KIỆN

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) Câu điều kiện có hai mệnh đề: MĐ phụ (hay MĐ điều kiện) bắt đầu If, MĐ chính( nêu lên kết quả) - Có loại câu ĐK : Loại 1: Real conditional sentences: Câu điều kiện có thật a Future possible ( xảy tương lai ) If + S + V (simple present) + S + will/ can/ may/ must + V inf eg If I have time, I will visit you b Habitual ( thói quen) If + S + V( simple present) + S + V ( simple present) eg Ann usually walks to school if she has enough time c Command ( câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu) If + S + V (simple present) + command form eg Please buy me some fruits if you go to market 2 Loại 2: Present unreal conditional sentences: Câu điều kiện ngược với If + S + V (simple past) + S + would/ should/ could/ might + V inf (Trong MĐ phụ có’To be’thì dùng ‘Were’ cho tất ngôi.) eg If today were Saturday , I could go to the beach If I had time , I would write you a letter Loại 3: Past unreal conditional sentences: Câu điều kiện ngược với khứ If + S + V (past perfect) + S + would/ could/ might + have + PII eg If I hadn’t lost my way, I would have arrived sooner Note: - Có thể dùng đảo ngữ câu ĐK loại có ‘Were’ câu ĐK loại để nhấn mạnh: eg If I were younger, I would play tennis - Were I younger,I would play tennis If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam - Had he studied hard, he would have passed his exam - Unless: Trong MĐ điều kiện , ta thay liên từ If Unless( không, trừ phi): Unless = If not eg If you don’t study hard, you will fail in the exam =Unless you study hard, you will fail in the exam • Khi ta đổi If sang Unless , MĐ If thể khẳng định không đổi sang thể phủ định dùng Unless mà phải đổi MĐ sang thể ngược lại eg If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster =Unless we had more rain, our crops wouldn’t grow faster - Provided ( that) / providing ( that), On condition (that )( với điều kiện là) , As long as, so long as (miễn là, với điều kiện là), Suppose, supposing ( giả sử ), In case ( trường hợp), Even if ( khi, dùng để tương phản hay nhấn mạnh), dùng thay cho If câu điều kiện eg Supposing it rains, what will you ? I’ll accept your invitation provided you go with me Even if he goes to bed early, he always wakes up late When ( khi):( hành động chắn xảy hơn) eg I’ll phone you when I go to bed tonight As if and As though : Cứ thể, * Chỉ hành động xảy tại: S + V ( present) + As if/ As though + S + V ( present) * Chỉ hành động hay kiện thật tại: S + V (present) As if/ As though + S + V (past) eg He acts as though he were rich The girl dresses as if it were summer even in the winter * Chỉ hành động hay kiện thật khứ S + V (past) + As if/ As though + S + V ( past perfect) eg She looked as if she had seen a ghost But for ( không vì, không có) eg But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier Without ( ): eg Without his books, he would know nothing Mệnh lệnh cách + and : eg: Do that again and I’ll call a policeman.(= If you ) Clauses after Wish, If only: (ao ước, ) Sau Wish If only thường dùng MĐ điều ao ước, điều không thật Có mệnh đề sau Wish If only: a Future wish: S + wish + S + would/ could + V (bare inf.) ( If only) eg I wish I would be an astronaut in the future If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday b Present wish: S + wish + S + V past subjunctive=simple past ( V2 ;be –were) ( If only ) eg I can’t swim I wish I could swim Marry isn’t here I wish she were here =If only Marry were here c Past wish: S + wish + S + past perfect/ could have + PII ( If only) eg She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house ( She hadn’t have enough money to buy the house) If only I had met her yesterday.( I didn’t meet her)