Classification: Phân loại động từ nguyên thể Full infinitive: With “to’ – Động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ có “to” như: e.g.. Bare infinitive: Without “to’ – Động từ nguyên thể khuyết không có
Trang 1BÀI 4 INFINITIVES - ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ
I Classification: Phân loại động từ nguyên thể
Full infinitive: With “to’ – Động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ có “to” như:
e.g He goes to Paris to learn French.
They would like to invite some guests to their house warming party.
Bare infinitive: Without “to’ – Động từ nguyên thể khuyết không có “to” như:
e.g My parent didn’t let me do what I really liked
We saw an old lady walk on the grass.
Perfect infinitive: Form “have past participles” – Động từ nguyên thể hoàn
thành như:
e.g He was believed to have escaped from the prison
The man is thought to have escaped with a young girl.
Passive infinitive: Form “be past participles” – Động từ nguyên thể bị động
như:
e.g He was believed to be put into prison The man is said to be killed in
an accident.
II Positions and functions: Ở phần náy vị trí và chức năng của các động từ
nguyên thể đầy đủ “to-infinitive” được đề cập và mô tả như dưới đây:
1 Follow the verbs below: động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ “to-infinitive” đi sau các động từ dưới đây theo công thức:
1 agree 1
0 come 19 fear 28 long 37 prefer 46 swear
2 arrang
e 11 continue 20 forget 29 love 38 prepare 47 tend
2 decide 21 hate 30 manage 39 pretend 48 threaten
4 attem
pt 13 demand 22 help 31 mean 40 promise 49 try
5 begin 1
4 deserve 23 hesitate 32 need 41 propose 50 want
5 desire 24 hope 33 neglect 42 refuse 51 wish
7 cease 1
6 determine 25 intend 34 offer 43 seem
8 choose 1
7 expect 26 learn 35 omit 44 start
9 claim 1
8 fail 27 like 36 plan 45 strive
e.g He agreed to wait for us They determined to get scholarship.
Ha offered to help the old lady She wishes to become a nurse.
2 Follow the idiomatic phrases: động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ “to-infinitive” đi sau
các cụm động từ như make up one’s mind/ take care/ take the trouble/ make sure/ etc
e.g They couldn’t make up their mind to go or not.
They took the trouble of the company to ask for a pay-rise.
S – V –
Trang 2to-You should make sure to apply for the job that suit you well.
3 Follow the adjectives below: động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ “to-infinitive” đi sau các tính
từ dưới đây theo công thức:
1 content 21 easy 31 hopeless 41 proud 51 unusual
2 afraid 1
2 crazy 22 fortunate 32 horrified 42 safe 52 unwilling
3 amused 1
3 curious 23 free 33 impatient 43 scared 53 unwise
4 annoyed 1
4 dangerous 24 frightened 34 impossible 44 slow 54 usual
5 anxious 1
5 delighted 25 furious 35 interested 45 sorry 55 useless
6 ashame
d 16 determined 26 glad 36 keen 46 sufficient 56 willing
7 astonish
ed 17 difficult 27 good 37 lucky 47 sure 57 wise
8 boring 1
8 distressed 28 grateful 38 moved 48 surprised 58 wonderful
9 careful 1
9 due 29 happy 39 pleased 49 thankful 59 worthy 1
0 certain 20 eager 30 hard 40 possible 50 unable 60 wrong
e.g She is too annoyed to say anything They are certain to win the race.
We are eager to start a new school year The boy is too horrified to say a word.
He was wrong to move to another city.
4 Follow WH-words: động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ “to-infinitive” đi sau các đại từ
what/ who/ whom/ which/ when/ where/ how/ etc.
e.g She didn’t know what to do next We didn’t decide where to go.
They couldn’t make up their mind who to trust.
5 Follow nouns/ pronouns of the verbs below: động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ “to-infinitive” đi sau các tân ngữ của các động từ dưới đây theo công thức:
1 advise 1
0 compel 19 guess 28 love 37 tell
2 allow 1
1 consider 20 hate 29 mean 38 tempt
2 enable 21 imagine 30 observe 39 think
4 assume 1
3 encourage 22 instruct 31 order 40 trust
4 expect 23 intend 32 permit 41 understand
6 believe 1 find 24 invite 33 persua 42 urge
S – be – adjectives – to-infinitives
S – V – O –
Trang 3to-5 de
7 challeng
e 16 force 25 know 34 prefer 43 want
8 cause 1
7 forbid 26 lead 35 suspect 44 warn
9 comman
d 18 get 27 like 36 teach 45 wish e.g She advised me not to take the job They encouraged the son
to fight.
I would like you to apply for that job We prefer him to stand up.
He urged me to raise my hand.
2.6 To be demonstration, purposes, results: động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ “to-infinitive” được dùng như hình thức chỉ định, chỉ mục đích, kết quả hoặc
theo sau enough/ save money/ etc.
e.g The house, to be demolished, is very old She has nothing to eat.
We haven’t got enough to have one each They saved money to
go abroad
7 To form absolute phrases: động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ “to-infinitive” được dùng
để tạo ra các cụm động từ chỉ hình thái lời nói như: To tell the truth/ To cut a long short story/ etc.
e.g To tell the truth, she was a real liar.
To sum up, it’s necessary to own a personal computer.
8 To form exclamation: động từ nguyên thể đầy đủ “to-infinitive” được dùng để chỉ hình thức cảm thán như sau:
e.g To think she met with such a death! Oh! To be young again!
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 You should study hard to _ your classmates
A catch sight of B feel like C get in touch with D keep pace with
2 Conservationists _ that experiments on animals be stopped
A banned B complained C said D recommended
3 The child who was caught was made to stand in the corner of the classroom
misbehaving
4 UNICEF _ supports and funds for the most disadvantaged children all over the world
A presents B assists C provides D offers
5 Is there anyone who _ the plan put forward by the committee?
A differs B disagrees C objects D opposes
6 Doctors are supposed to _ responsibility for human life
7 The policeman me off with a warning as it was Christmas
8 You need more exercise - you should jogging
A try on B take up C carry out D hold up
Trang 49 Please _ our letter of the 14th We have not had a reply.
A know B knowledge C acknowledge D unknow
10 He is going to take extra lessons to what she missed while she was away
A catch up on B cut down on C put up with D take up with
11 It’s essential that every student _ the exam before attending the course
12 It’s a formal occasion so we’ll have to to the nines- no jeans and pullovers this time!
A hitch up B put on C wear in D get dressed up
13 After her illness, Lam had to work hard to his classmates
A catch sight of B keep pace with C get in touch with D make allowance for
14 _ for farming purposes, soil must contain the minerals plants require
A To be good B Being good C Be good D That's good
15 Please your cigarette I am going to get choked
A cut down B blowout C put aside D put out
16 The contract was signed by the three partners who thus agreed to by terms and conditions contained in it A follow B adhere C abide
D stick
17 It is not easy to our beauty when we get older and older
18 She has been told by her doctor that she is _, she cannot have a child of her own
A childish B childhood C childless D child
19 The baby does nothing but all day
A to sleep and to eat B to sleep and eat C sleep and eat D
sleeping and eating
20 It is very difficult to the exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign
language
Exercise 2 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 A washing machine of this type will certainly _ normal domestic use
A stand up for B come up with C get on to D take down with
2 He is doing very badly but he tries to appearances
A hold on B stick to C keep up D make out
3 He was so mean that he could not bear to _ the smallest sum of money for the charity appeal
A part with B pay off C give in D let out
4 The mother told her son _ so impolitely
A not behave B not to behave C not behaving D did not behave
5 “Excuse me! I’m looking for the library.” – “ ”
A Where’re your eyes? It’s in front of you B Look no further!
C Find it yourself I’m busy D Oh, nice to meet you
6 “Can you _ me a favor, Bill?” Peter said
7 Boy, stop reading the book down and go to bed
Trang 5A Take B Put C Set D Pick
8 Our English teacher would like
A that we practicing our pronunciation B us practicing our pronunciation
C us to practice our pronunciation D we to practice our pronunciation
9 We are not allowed _ jeans at school
10 Jack offered care of my garden while I was out of town
A take B taking C to have taken D to take
11 I got Barbara _ her car for the weekend
A to let me to borrow B let me borrow C to let me borrow D let me
to borrow
12 _ sure that you follow the instructions carefully
Make
13 Professor Alan insisted that every student their report by Friday
A finish B finishes C finished D had finished
14 The students refused _ to school in the afternoon
A returning B to return C to be returned D return
15 In view of the serious problems associated with the takeover the newspaper company has decided to _ its offer of financial help
A throw B reject C cancel D deter
16 The main problem was that the newly formed organization was not attracting enough work and so they decided to the services of a public relations expert
A call B engage C enter D
register
17 She is never willing _ any personal question
answered
18 If you need any support, you can rely on me to
A set you down B face up to you C back you up D put you through
19 The manager had his secretary _ the report for him
A to have typed B typed C type D to type
20 Sports competition are held to _ cooperation and solidarity among countries
Exercise 3 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 _ a doctor, you have to meet some certain requirements of the medical college
A To become B Become C Becoming D Became
2 Our teacher often said, "Who knows the answer? _ your hand."
3 The tin opener seemed for left-hand people
A to be designed B being designed C to design D designing
4 The doctor asked his patient to _ down the coach
Trang 65 The inspector _ to say whether there were any suspects.
A avoided B denied C refused D stopped
6 Jack has decided to the time he spends watching television
A come up with B cut down on C run out of D see to
7 Could you please come over? I need you the refrigerator
A help me moving B helping me to move C to help me move D help
me to move
8 He lost the race because he _ petrol on the last lap
A got out of B ran out of C made out of D put out of
9 Is there a bank where I can _ these pounds for dollars?
A exchange B turn C alter D arrange
10 _ the gold medal, he will have to do better than that
A To win B So he win C So that he win D Winning
11 The twins look so much alike that almost no one can
them _
A take/apart B tell/away C tell/apart D take/on
12 The players’ protests no difference to the referee’s decision at all
13 Shy people often find difficult to group discussion
A take part in B get on with C take place in D get in touch with
14 The boy waved his hands to his mother, who was standing at the school gate, to _ her attention
15 The boy made his father him a new bag
16 We, the local residents were asked to for the best activist of the local council
A elect B shortlist C support D vote
17 The dear waters here some of the world's best divers
A draw attention B attract C appeal D provoke
18 A lot of people who live in the outskirts have to to work every day by train or tube
19 It took the man forty five minutes to to his office every day
A riding B ride C rode D rides
20 Mary was the last applicant _
A to be interviewed B to be interviewing C to interview D to have
interviewed
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 Mr Brown didn’t afford _ a car
2 We’ve got a new computer in our office I haven’t learnt how it yet
A to operate B operating C operate D be operated
3 We were all too afraid to speak Nobody dared anything
4 They had a boy _ that yesterday
5 We get our mail _ yesterday
Trang 7A been delivered B delivered C delivering D to deliver
6 Tom hopes _ a solution soon
A to be found B finds C to find D finding
7 You must _ a lot of people here
A to know B knowing C know D known
8 This involves having a good memory and _ hard
A work B to work C worked D working
9 They claimed _ the problem
A have solved B solve C solving D to have solved
10 I’ve been invited to the party but I don’t know _ or not
A whether I should to go B whether go C whether going D whether I should go
11 Health experts advise _ breakfast
A us not skipped B us not skipping C us not to skip D us not skip
12 I would rather _ this job
A not taken B not take C not to take D not taking
13 I spent some time _ around the shops in Elizabeth street yesterday
14 She will probably offer _ the stereo for you
A to repair B to be repairing C repair D repairing
15 She always proves _ a true friend
16 There’s no point in _ that
A persuade him to do B persuading him to do C persuading him do D persuading him doing
17 If you delay _ it back, you will risk _ your rights as a customer
A to take/ losing B taking/ to lose C being taken/ losing D taking/ losing
18 You should be willing _
A to do that B that do C doing that D to be done that
19 Just keep on _ what you like
20 He made me _ it all over again
Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 It is easy _ wise after the event
2 It is up to you _ the laws of your own country
A learn B to learn C learning D learned
3 Aren’t you fed up _ the same thing every day?
A of doing B with doing C with do D on doing
4 Are you ready _?
A cooperate B cooperated C to cooperate D cooperation
5 There are a lot of people _ London every day
A visit B to visit C visiting D have visited
6 We enjoy _ that film
Trang 87 _ is my hobby.
A Collect B Collecting C Collected D A and C
8 It’s no use _ about pollution in big cities
A to complain B complain C complaining D complained
9 Excuse me for _ late and it is very kind of you _ for me
A to be/ to wait B been/ waiting C being/ to wait D being/ waiting
10 _ her sweetheart, she smiled happily
A Look B To look C Looking D Looked
11 When _ each other, the American women do not usually shake hands
12 On _ at the airport, I was very worried to find that no one _ for me
A arriving/ was waiting B arrive/ was waiting
C arriving/ had waiting D arrive/ had been waited
13 _ a foreign language requires great effort
A Learn B Lo learn C Learning D B and C
14 I regret _ you that we cannot approve your application
A inform B to inform C informed D informing
15 The rocks in the soil made _ more difficult
plough
16 I remember _ you somewhere but I’m sorry I forget your name
17 Would you mind _, please
A to answer the phone B answer the phone
C answering the phone D to the phone answered
18 My mother told me _ hope
A not to give up B not to giving up C not giving up D not give up
19 My father wanted me a pilot
20 I’m hungry Is there any food _?
A to be eaten B to eat C eating D for me eating
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 My brother _ his driving test when he was 18
A has passed B passes C was passing D passed
2 Because it rained very heavily all day they had to _ the garden party until the following Sunday
A prearrange B rearrange C postpone D preserve
3 The next meeting in May
A will hold B will be held C will be holding D will have held
4 The manager _ him for a minor mistake
A accused B charged C complained D blamed
5 I _ hurry It’s nearly 8.00, and my first class starts at 8.15
A would prefer B can’t help C would rather D had better
6 in simpler words?
A Has this issue expressed B Can't this issue express
C Can this issue express D Couldn't this issue be expressed
7 All traffic laws
Trang 9A is observed B must be observed C must have observed D had better observe
8 He’d hardly finished doing his homework when you arrived, ?
A didn’t he B had he C would he D hadn’t he
9 Tomatoes before they are completely ripe
A can be picked B can pick C needn't pick D should be picking
10 I can’t _ this noise any longer I’m going to write a letter of complaint about this problem
A put up with B take away from C get back to D make out of
11 This letter , not handwritten
A should be typing B should be typed C needn't type D needn't be typed
12 You _ touch that switch, whatever you do
13 Susan hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly
14 You _ be rich to be a success Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name
A needn't B couldn't C mayn't D mustn't
15 If she _ sick, she would have gone out with me to the party
A hasn’t been B wasn’t C weren’t D hadn’t been
16 A water polo cap is used to the players' heads and to identify them
17 If a defender _ with a free throw, holds or sinks an attacker, he is excluded from the game for twenty seconds
A punches B passes C plays D interferes
18 – Jane: Oh no! I completely forgot we were supposed to pick Jenny up at the
airport this morning
– Maria: She _ there waiting for us.
A needn't sit B might still sit C must still be sitting D should have sat
19 This director has _ some famous films but I think this one is the best
20 Hellen often wears beautiful new clothes She _ be very rich
Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 Hurry up, or they serving meals by the time we get to the restaurant
A stopped B will have stopped C are stopping D would stop
2 During the Enlightenment, the powers and uses of reason
A were stressed B stressed C were stressing D had stressed
3 If you a book, you have a brief look at it without reading or studying it seriously
4 That style of dress _ have been designed by Titian, because it wasn’t worn till after his death
A wouldn’t B shan’t C can’t D oughtn’t
5 This book to Peter It is not mine
Trang 106 It was announced that neither the passengers nor the driver in the crash
A were injured B are injured C was injured D have been injured
7 The main task of a defender in a sport game is to _ the opponents from scoring
preventable
8 Peter was asked to to a newspaper article making predictions for technological progress in 10 years A expect B invent C develop
D contribute
9 My favorite team 15 games so far this season, and will probably win the championship
win
10 You should have your composition carefully before you handed it in
A seen through B thought of C looked in D gone over
11 “Don’t worry about your necklace Give it to me and I promise to _ great care of it.”
12 Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and dish washers are labor _ devices which help us do housework easily and quickly
A improving B making C saving D employing
13 The old houses were _ down to make way for a block of flats
14 The Sahara contains complex linear dunes that are by almost 6
kilometers
15 Nowadays children would prefer history _ in more practical ways
A be taught B teach C to be taught D to teach
16 Thanks to pictures taken by satellites, deserts have not a mystery in our time
attained
17 Those letters now You can do the typing later
A need typing B needn't be typed C need to type D needn't typing
18 The case against the corruption scandal was
A discarded B refused C eliminated D dismissed
19 The museum is open to everybody It between 9 a.m and 5 p.m
A visits B visited C can visit D can be visited
20 A penalty shot is when a major foul is committed inside the 5-meter line
A prevented B awarded C committed D ranged
Exercise 8: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the
following sentences that needs correcting:
1 Minh is a bit tired He does not feel like eaten anything