Thể phủ định của so that còn được biễu diễn thông qua: for fear that, hoặc trong tiếng Anh người Anh dùng in case hơn ở thể phủ định; lest là một liên từ rất trang trọng khi đề cập đến
Trang 2Question 1: We stopped at a motel _ we wouldn‟t arrive in Chicago in the
middle of the night
A so that B because C for fear that D in case
Answer: A so that
Question 2: The more exercise you do, _
C the fitter you become D fitter you become
Answer: C the fitter you become
*So sánh kép: càng…càng
Eg: The plant grew taller and taller
The roads are getting more and more crowded
S+V+
𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒋/ 𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒆𝒓
𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 + 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒂𝒏𝒅 + 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗
The+
𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒋/ 𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒆𝒓 + 𝑺 + 𝑽, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 + 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒋/ 𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒆𝒓 + 𝑺 + 𝑽
𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 + 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝑺 + 𝑽, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 + 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 + 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝑺 + 𝑽
𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 + 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗
*So that, in order that: để mà
Eg: Advice is given in order that / so that students can choose the best courses
Thể phủ định của so that còn được biễu diễn thông qua: for fear (that), hoặc trong tiếng Anh người Anh dùng in case hơn ở thể phủ định; lest là một liên từ rất trang trọng khi đề cập đến mục đích
Eg: They left early for fear that they would meet him
=They…so/in order that they wouldn‟t meet him
Trang 3The further you travel, the more you pay
The older you get, the more difficult it becomes to find a job
Question 3: factories continue to comply with the law, improved air
quality will not diminish
A As soon as B As far as C As long as D As little as
Answer: C As long as
*As/so long as= Provided/ providing (that): miễn là
Eg: You can renew a book in writing as long as/so long as you give its number
I don't mind you using my bike provided (that) you take care of it
We are willing to accept your offer providing (that) payment is made within
Question 4: So _ become, that all mountain roads were closed
A dangerous did weather conditions B dangerous conditions did weather
C dangerous weather conditions did D dangerous weather did conditions
Answer: A dangerous did weather conditions
*Đảo ngữ với so…that: quá… đến nỗi mà
Eg:
So dangerous did weather conditions become, that all mountain roads were closed
So intelligent is that she can answer all the questions in the interview
Question 5: The lawyer insisted that his client never have been arrested in
the first place
A should B must C ought to D would
Answer: A should
*Bàng thái cách: (should+ V-bare/ V- bare)
So+ adjective/ adverbs+ aux+ S+ V (bare-inf) + that+ clause
So+ adjective+ be+ (noun) + that+ clause
Trang 4Formal subjunctives: ((should)+V-bare infinitive) được dùng sau các động từ: accept,
admit, advise, agree, announce, assure, beg, claim, command, comment, complain,
conclude, confess, confirm, demand, deny, explain, inform, insist, mention, object, order, persuade, promise, recommend, remark, reply, request, respond, rumor, state, suggest, threaten, urge, warm, propose, ask, move (trong cuộc họp mang ý nghĩa đề nghị),
require,…
Eg: He suggested that you (should) go to the shrine to pray for something
Question 6: Let's hope the volcanic eruption _ before we arrive on the island
A will have been finished B will finish
Answer: D will have finished
* Thì tương lai hoàn thành (Future Perfect Tense)
a) Form: S+ will/ shall+ have+ P.P+ O/A
b) Cách dùng:
*Diễn tả một hoạt động sẽ xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc một hành động trong tương lai
Eg: I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight
+ Sau by the time / before ta dùng hiện tại đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian
+ Với thì tương lai hoàn thành already có hai vị trí đứng như sau đều đúng:
Eg: I will have already finished/will already finished my homework
Question7: We _ the film, but then we forgot about it
A are going to watch B went to watch
C were going to watch D would watch
Answer: C were going to watch
*Was/were going to:
Trang 5Chúng ta có thể dùng was/were going to diễn tả một kế hoạch hay dự định đã được trù tính trước ở quá khứ nhưng sau đó không thực hiện nữa vì một lí do nào đó
Eg: Mr Dudley was going to retire, but then he found another job
The bus pulled away just as I was going to get on it
I was going to means that I intended to
Dùng would như là hình thức quá khứ của will
Eg: They set off at daybreak They would reach the camp before night fall
Question 8: There were _ accidents during the holiday weekend that the
government is bringing in tough new driving laws
Answer: D so many
*So …that: quá đến nỗi mà
Eg: There was so much steam (that) we couldn't see a thing
Question 9: Since I here, I my neighbors
C have lived-don‟t see D lived-haven‟t seen
Answer: D lived-haven‟t seen
*Since trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
Eg: I haven‟t seen Mary since we graduated/ have graduated
Question 10: The man if the ambulance _ so quickly
A would have died/ hadn't arrived B could have died/ had arrived
C would have died/didn‟t arrive D would die/ hadn‟t arrived
Answer: A would have died/ hadn't arrived
So+many/a lots of…+noun (đếm được)+that + clause So+ much/a little…+noun (không đếm được)+that+ clause
S+ V(present perfect)+ since+ S+ 𝐕 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐡ô𝐧𝐠 𝐝ụ𝐧𝐠
𝐕 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 í𝐭 𝐬ử 𝐝ụ𝐧𝐠
Trang 6* Type 3 conditionals: không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ
IF + S+HAD+ P.P+…, S+ WOULD/COULD+V(BARE)
Eg: If you had taken a taxi, you would have got here in time
If I'd phoned to renew the books, I wouldn't have had to pay a fine
The man would have died if the ambulance hadn't arrived so quickly
Question 11: They‟re early risers, so they‟re unlikely _ at this hour
Answer: D to be sleeping
*CẤU TRÚC: unlikely…
Question 12: a fire, hotel guests are asked to remain calm
A As a result of B In the event of C By reason of D In the time of
Answer: B In the event of
*In case/ In the event that: trong trường hợp, nếu (việc gì) xảy ra: dùng để diễn tả
một việc gì đó có thể sẽ không xảy ra, nhưng có khả năng xảy ra
Eg: I‟ll be at my uncle‟s house in case/ in the event that you need to reach me
In the even that trang trọng hơn in case, ta dùng should trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ
nhằm nhấn mạnh sự không chắc chắn của người nói về điều gì sẽ xảy ra
Eg: I‟ll give you my phone number in case/ in the event that you (should) need to get in touch with me
In case of/ In the event of+ noun/ noun phrase/ V-ing: thường dùng trong những
trường hợp khẩn cấp như cấp cứu, hỏa hoạn,…
Eg: In case of/ In the event of emergency, dial this number immediately
S+ BE+ UNLIKELY+ TO-V (PERSONAL) IT+ BE+ UNLIKELY+ THAT+ S+ V(IMPERSONAL)
Trang 7Question 13: We could go and visit Sue, _that we have to drive past her house
anyway
A seeing B viewing C because D judging
Answer: A seeing
* Because, seeing that +clause: bởi vì
Eg: We must be near the beach, because I can hear the waves
We could go and visit Sue, seeing that we have to drive past her house anyway
Thường đặt “because” đứng đầu câu để mở đầu cho một mệnh đề chỉ lí do
Eg: Because everything looked different, I had no idea where to go
Seeing that được dùng trong tiếng Anh không trang trọng, trong văn nói nhiều người cũng sử dụng seeing as
Eg: He just had to apologize, seeing that/as he knew he'd made a mistake
Question 14: “What would you do in my place?”- “Were _ treated like that, I‟d
complain to the manager.”
A Were B I to have been C I have been D I to be
Answer: D I to be
* Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 2:
+ +
+ + }+ S+ could/ would +V (bare)
Eg: It would be embarrassing, were she to find out the truth
Were I in your position, I wouldn‟t do that
Question 15:“ you were ill, we would haven‟t come.”-“Don‟t be silly! I
always enjoy your company”
Answer: C Had we known
* Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 3:
Had+ S+ (not)+ P.P, S+ could/ would+ have+ P.P
Trang 8Eg: Had they not rushed Dan to hospital, he would have died
Question 16: we not succeed, the consequences would be disastrous
Answer: D Should
Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 1:
Should+ S+ (not) + V (bare-inf), + +
+ / ,
Eg: Should he appear, please tell him to wait for me
Should anyone ring, could you take a message?
Question 17:“It‟s time you in bed It‟s almost midnight, isn‟t it?”-“You‟re right.”
Answer: C were
* It‟s (high/ about) time: đã đến lúc
Eg: It‟s time we left It‟s high time something was done about this!
It‟s about time for us to go to bed
Question 18: If only I the bill, we wouldn‟t have been cut off
A had paid B have paid C had been paid D paid
Answer: A had paid
* If only: giá như= wish: ước cách dùng như wish
a Present/ Future: chia động từ ở thì quá khứ sau If only
Eg: If only I had a motorbike
If only you weren‟t leaving
It‟s (high/ about) time+ 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒐 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒊𝒅 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈
Trang 9If only I was going to on holiday with you next week
If only he would change his mind and marry Jane
b Past time: chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành sau If only
Eg: If only he hadn‟t bought this second-hand car
Question 19: “Susan looks ready to cry”-“It looks as if Peter her birthday
again.”
A has forgotten B has been forgetting
C had forgotten D had been forgetting
Answer: A has forgotten
* As if/ as though: như thể, dường như: động từ theo sau tùy thuộc vào tình huống có
thật hay không có thật mà chia cho phù hợp:
Có thật: You look as if you‟re having second thoughts.(true: you are having
second thoughts)
Không có thật:
Eg: He acts as if he were in charge.(unreal: He isn‟t in charge)
I feel as though an express train had hit me (It didn‟t hit me)
19.1 “Why you are glaring at me?”-“You treat me as though I _ your slave.”
A have been B was being C were D had been
Answer: C were
Question 20: “You are looking tired.”-“I‟m exhausted I wish my neighbors _
loud music when I‟m trying to sleep.”
A haven‟t played B won‟t play C wouldn‟t play D hadn‟t played
Answer: C wouldn‟t play
* Wish: ước
a Present/ Future: chia động từ ở thì quá khứ sau wish (không xảy ra ở hiện tại or tương
lai)
Trang 10Eg: I wish I had a motorbike
I wish you weren‟t leaving
I wish I was going to on holiday with you next week
I wish he would change his mind and marry Jane
b Past time: chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành sau wish
Eg: He wishes he hadn‟t bought this second-hand car
c Hope: ước muốn một sự việc có khả năng xảy ra ở trong tương lai, có thể chia hiện tại
hoặc tương lai sau hope
Eg: I hope it doesn‟t rain tomorrow
I hope you („ll) have a lovely time in Portugal on your holiday next week
Question 21: “Do you mind if I _ Mary about your trip?” –“Well, I‟d rather you
_ anyone else about it.”
A tell/ didn‟t tell B told/wouldn‟t tell
C not tell/ not to tell D didn‟t tell/ haven‟t told
Answer: A tell/ didn‟t tell
*Do you mind if I …?/ would(„d) rather I…: có làm phiền …không?/thích hơn
Trang 11Question 22: Sally would prefer to pursue her studies _ to look for a job
Answer: C rather than start
*Cấu trúc: would prefer… rather than…: thích làm hơn làm…
Question 23: Suppose the stock market _ how much money would we have lost?
A crash B had crashed C has crashed D would crash
a.I‟d rather: dùng như câu điều kiện
+Giả định ở hiện tại:
Eg: I would rather you call me tomorrow
+Giả định không thực hiên được ở hiện tại:
Eg: I‟d rather you didn‟t smoke in here
+Giả định không thực hiên được ở quá khứ:
Eg: Jim would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday
Hoặc có thể dùng như sau:
Eg: I‟d rather be a sailor than a solider (present)
I‟d rather have live in Ancient Greece than Ancient Rome (past)
b Do you mind if+ S+ V (present)+…?
Would you mind if+ S+ V (past)+…?
Eg: Would you mind if I closed the window?
Do you mind if I smoke in this room?
would prefer to do something rather than do something
Trang 12Answer: B had crashed
* Imagine, Suppose/ supposing= what…if: nếu …thì sao
*Understood conditions: khi sử dụng chúng thì một phần của câu điều kiện được hiểu
ngầm chứ không nói ra (hiểu ngầm)
Eg: Imagine we won the pools (means Imagine what would we do if we won the pools Suppose someone told you that I was a spy! (means Suppose someone told you that I was a spy, what would you say?)
*Present or past: giống như câu điều kiện
Eg: Imagine we had never met
*Nếu đề cập đến sự việc có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại ta chia động từ ở hiện tại
Eg: Suppose it starts raining, what will we do?
Question 24: Thinking over a decision can be a disadvantage: by the time our boss
made up his mind about the price the contract to Brown & Sons
A has gone B had gone C did go D would have gone
Answer: B had gone
*After và before trong thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
Eg: I had done my homework before I went to school
After I had done my homework, I played video game with my friends
Question 25: We are not going to stop The campaign should go on until every bike
marked with the new reflective paint Just think how many lives it may save
A will have been B was
C has been D will be
Answer: C has been
S+ V (past perfect)+ before/ by the time+ S+ V(past simple)
S+ V (past simple)+ after+ S+ V(past perfect)
Trang 13* Không chia thì tương lai đơn trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
Eg: I'll come and see you as soon as I've finished work
When I arrived, the party was in full swing
Have some coffee before you go
Question 26: Of one thing I am sure: at no time _ her father‟s name
A didn‟t she use B she has used C she did use D did she use
Answer: D did she use
* Đảo ngữ với cụm từ có No: at no time, in no way, on no account, under/ in no circumstances,…
Eg: For no reason shall you play truant
At no time did they actually break the rules of the game
Under no circumstances are passengers permitted to open the doors themselves
No longer does he work in that shop
On no account must this switch be touched (dù bất cứ lí do nào)
In no way could I agree with you (không sao có thể)
By no means does he intend to criticize your idea (hoàn toàn không)
On no condition shall we accept their proposal (trong bất cứ trường hợp nào)
Question 27: I think my wife and I _ on a small farm when I am retired.
A will have lived B will be living C are living D have lived
Answer: B will be living: đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm ở tương lai
* Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (Future Progressive Tense)
S+ V(present tense/ future tense)+ Conjunction+ S+ V(present tense)
S+ V(past tense)+ Conjunction+ S+ V(past tense)
𝒂𝒕 𝒏𝒐 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆, 𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝒐 𝒘𝒂𝒚, 𝒐𝒏 𝒏𝒐 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕,𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓/𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝒐 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒎𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔, 𝐨𝐧 𝐧𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧,
𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐧𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧, 𝐧𝐨 𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫, 𝐛𝐲 𝐧𝐨 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐬
+ aux+ S+ V
Trang 14a) Form: S+ will/shall+V_ing+O/A
b) Cách dung (cơ bản):
*Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể ở trong tương lai
Eg: Right now I am sitting in the class At the same time tomorrow I will be sitting in class, too
*Hành động trong tương lai đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xảy đến
Eg: I will begin to study at seven You will come at eight I will be studying when you come
*Hành động xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục trong một khoảng thời gian ở tương lai
Eg: My parents are going to London, so I‟ll be staying with my grandma for the next two weeks
Question 28: It didn‟t rain in the spring I think we _ water next summer
A will run out of B are going to run out of
Answer: B are going to run out of
*Phân biệt will và be going to:
Be going to + V(bare infinitive): thì tương lai gần
-Diễn đạt một hành động diễn ra trong tương lai gần hoặc một quyết định sẵn có (đã có
kế hoạch hay dự định từ trước)
Eg: He is going to be a dentist when he grows up
Còn will đưa ra quyết định ngay lúc nói
-Dự đoán sự việc ở tương lai dựa trên dữ kiện có thật ở hiện tại/ quá khứ
Eg: Look at! The sky is a lot of dark cloudy It‟s going to rain
-Còn dựa trên kinh nghiệm thì dùng will chứ không dùng be going to
Eg: One day people will travel to Mars
Trang 15- Không dùng với come và go (verbs of movement) mà ta dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn để
thay thế
Eg: Jim are going to meet his friends on the weekend
Question 29:The flow of immigrants into Britain _ to a small number since
the new laws
A will be reduced/ have introduced
B have reduced/ had introduced
C has been reduced/were introduced
D were reduced/ have been introduced
Answer: C has been reduced/were introduced: bị động thì hiện tại hoàn thành+ thì quá khứ đơn
* Hình thức bị động của các thì
TENSES ACTIVE FORM PASSIVE FORM
Present perfect Has / have + P.P Has / have + been + P.P
Simple past V2 / V-ed Was / were + P.P
Eg: The drugs were found by the police
Cocaine has been seized by the FBI
Question 30: They the advantages of the takeover when I them an
hour or so late
A were discussing/ rejoined B have discussed/ am rejoining
C are discussing/ will rejoin D would discuss/ rejoined
Answer: A were discussing/ rejoined
* When và while trong thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
S+ V(past continuous)+while+ S+ V(past continuous)
S+ V(past continuous)+ when+ S+ V(past simple)
Trang 16Question 31: She was still working at 8 o‟clock yesterday evening She since
six o‟clock in the morning
Answer: B has been working: nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động
*Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Present Perfect Progressive Tense)
a) Form:
b) Cách dùng:
* Hầu như không có nhiều khác biệt giữa hai thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Trong nhiều trường hợp, chúng ta có thể sử dụng hoặc thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn đều được với các động từ: work, live, study,
rain, learn,
Eg: They've been working here for a long time but Andy has worked here for even
longer
(Tôi làm việc ở đây cũng khá lâu rồi, nhưng Andy làm ở đây còn lâu hơn.)
Eg: I've lived here for 10 years and she has been living here for 12 years
(Tôi sống ở đây được 10 năm, còn cô ấy sống ở đây đươc 12 năm rồi.)
* Để nhấn mạnh diễn biến hay quá trình của sự việc, chúng ta dùng hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Eg: We've been working really hard for a couple of months
(Chúng tôi đã làm việc cật lực trong mấy tháng nay.)
c) Dấu hiệu nhận biết: since, for, all day, all long time, all her/his life time,all the
morning/afternoon/ evening,…
Question 32: With a better goalkeeper they almost certain to win the cup But
even with poor old Joe Wright they are a very likely winner
A would have been B would be C were D will be
Answer: B would be
S+ have/ has+ been+ V_ing+ O/A
Trang 17* With+ noun/ noun phrase: Với…thì: dùng như câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3
Eg: With a bit more time, we could do a proper job (= If we had a bit more time, )
Question 33: It‟s a tremendous task so I‟m rather pessimistic about Roger‟s chances Even if he how to begin A Shows B were shown C has shown D showed Answer: B were shown * Even if: cho dù, ngay cả khi Eg: Even if I get an invitation to the reception, I‟m not going to go Joanne wouldn't want a dog even if she had room to keep one Question 34: If Karol Wojtyia _ elected Pope, there wouldn‟t be so many Poles visiting Rome every year now A Wasn‟t to be B weren‟t C hadn‟t been D had been Answer: C hadn‟t been: câu điều kiện trộn * Mix conditionals If+past perfect, would(n‟t)+ V(bare) If I‟d saved more, I‟d be rich If+past simple, would((n‟t) +have +P.P If I was sensible, I‟d have saved more If+ past perfect, would(n‟t)+ be+ V_ing If I hadn‟t saved, I would be going on holiday If+ past continuous, would(n‟t) V(bare) If I was going on holiday soon, I‟d be happy If+ past simple, would(n‟t)+ be+ V_ing If I didn‟t have savings, I wouldn‟t be going on holiday Dùng câu điều kiện hỗn hợp khi có sự khác biệt giữa thời gian ở mệnh đề if và mệnh đề kết quả “past time” và “present time” *The present result of a hypothetical past situation or action (hay thi) Eg:
,
(= I didn‟t take his advice so now I don‟t own a small fortune)
Trang 18*Past result of a hypothetical situation in the present
Eg:
,
(=you don‟t get on with your father so you didn‟t listen to his suggestions Past time+ future time * The future result of a hypothetical past situation or action Eg:
,
(= I did break the wrist so I am not playing tennis) Future time+ present time * The present result of a hypothetical future situation or action Eg: ⏟
, ⏟
(= I am meeting my manager later, so I am not at conference now) * Future result of a hypothetical situation in the present Eg:
,
(= I am not at home in American so I won‟t be seeing my mother)
Question 35: Because they fly, bats are often mistaken for bird; _, bats are
mammals, not birds
Answer: D however
* However/ nevertheless: tuy nhiên nói về sự tương phản, khi đứng giữa câu chúng
được ngăn cách bởi các đấu câu: dấu chấm phẩy (;) và dấu phẩy (,)
Trang 19Eg: The Great Fire destroyed much of London However/Nevertheless, only six people lost their lives
Các từ này mang sắc thái trang trọng hơn so với though/although, chúng có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc cuối câu, đôi khi lại đứng giữa câu hoặc sau chủ ngữ
However theo sau là tính từ hay trạng từ cũng có nghĩa là “although”
Eg: We just don't have the money to do the work, however necessary you think it is
Question 36: Let‟s face it! We can‟t get the house painted by the date of our golden
wedding anniversary we hire professionals or paint it ourselves There‟s just not enough time
Answer: B whether
* Whether or not: dù có thế nào đi chăng nữa
Eg: I have to go to work tomorrow whether I feel better or not
Question 37: We have to employ a few more workers, we won‟t be able to
get the order ready by the arranged date
Answer: C or else
* Otherwise = or…else: nếu không…thì
Otherwise+ unreal condition (không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc quá khứ)
Eg: You are obliged to refund my money Otherwise I shall take legal action
Otherwise+ real condition (có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại)
Eg: We must be back before midnight; otherwise I will be locked out
Question 38: you eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, and get plenty of
exercise can you be really healthy
A Supposed that B Only if C If only D Even though
Answer: B Only if
* Only if diễn tả ý chỉ có một điều kiện duy nhất để dẫn đến kết quả cụ thể
Trang 20Eg: I'll stay at home only if it rains
-Nhưng khi only if đứng đầu câu thì ta phải dùng hình thức đảo ngữ
Eg: Only if it rains will the picnic be canceled (không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách hai mệnh đề)
Question 39: We will get their order another company quotes them a lower
price, which I doubt will happen
A so long as B otherwise C unless D providing that
Answer: C unless
* If not~ unless: nếu không thì
-Sau unless ta luôn dùng thể khẳng định không bao giờ được sử dụng thể phủ định
Eg: I'll go swimming tomorrow if it isn't cold
= I'll go swimming tomorrow unless it is cold
-Cả only if và unless đều diễn tả ý: rằng chỉ có một điều kiện duy nhất để dẫn đến kết quả
cụ thể
Eg: I'll stay at home only if it rains
-Hầu hết các tài liệu cho rằng if not= unless điều này thực sự không hoàn toàn chính xác Trong một số trường hợp ta không thể dùng unless thay cho if not
Eg: If it hadn't been for Zelee daring rescue, we wouldn't be here
≠Unless it hadn't been for Zelee daring rescue, we wouldn't be here
=Without Zelee daring rescue, we wouldn't be here
Trong hầu hết các câu điều kiện không có thật ( như ví dụ ở trên)
Eg: He would be happier if he didn't take things so seriously (not unless she took )
If she hadn't gone to university, she would have gone into the police force (not Unless she had gone )
Khi nói về cảm xúc (emotion)
Eg: I'll be amazed if Christie doesn't win (not unless Christie wins.)
Trang 21 Trong hầu hết các câu hỏi
Eg: If you don't pass the test, what will you do?(not Unless you pass )
Ta có thể not unless với nghĩa là only if:
Eg: A: Are you going to join us? Not unless you apologize first
(Phần kiến thức nâng cao không thi, khi thi gần như đề cho unless=if…not)
Question 40: Samson crept into the house very quickly _ his parents wouldn‟t
notice how late he was
A for fear that B in order that C in case D since
Answer: B in order that= so that+ clause: để mà
Question 41: Theatre audiences should turn off their mobile phones _ distract
the actors should they ring during the play
A On account of B nevertheless C in order not to D in contrast to
Answer: C in order not to
*Một số cụm từ chỉ mục đích:
Eg: I'd just sat down to read the paper
The company borrowed money in order to finance their advertising
Paul wore a suit to his job interview so as to make a good impression
Thể phủ định:
Eg: I wrote it in my diary so as not to forget
Không dùng phủ định khi chỉ có một mình to- infinitive
Eg: I carried the knife carefully in order/so as not to cut myself, (not carefully not to
cut )
Dùng to-infinitive để đề cập đến một nhu cầu hay hành động cụ thể
So as not to/ In order not to + V(bare)
So as to/ In order to/ To+ V(bare)
Trang 22Eg: I need a saw to cut this wood
I got the scale out to weigh the letter
Question 42: the time change, it will now be getting dark an hour earlier
Answer: B Owing to
* Because of, due to, owing to: bởi vì
Các cụm từ này đều được dùng để đưa ra nguyên nhân, theo sau là một danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ
- Because of: bởi vì
Eg: We won't be able to come because of the weather
The Prime Minister returned home because of growing unrest in the country
-Due to và owing to cũng có mang nghĩa như “because of”
Eg: She was unable to run owing to/ due to a leg injury (=because of a leg injury.)
We have less money to spend owing to/ due to budget cuts (=because of budget
cuts.)
-Tránh dùng owing to sau tobe
Eg: The company's success is largely due to the new director, (not owing to )
Question 43: _ so many of the team members were ill, it‟s not surprising that
we lost the game
A In contrast B Due to C Nonetheless D Since
Answer: D Since
* As, because, seeing that/ as, since+clause: bởi vì
Có thể dùng các từ trên để mở đầu một mệnh chỉ lí do (reason)
Eg: As it was getting late, I decided I should go home
We must be near the beach, because I can hear the waves
Since he was going to be living in Sweden for some times, he thought he should read
something about the country
We could go and visit Sue, seeing that we have to drive past her house anyway
Trang 23Question 44: You must always have a good breakfast every morning _ late you
are
A however B no matter C even if D whatever
Answer: A however
* Đảo ngữ với however
Eg: However poor he is, he still lives happily
Question 45: all the problems she encountered, she managed to finish her
homework on time
A By the time B In spite of C Even though D Apart from
Answer: B In spite of
* In spite of/Despite
-Sau In spite of+ V-ing/ Noun (phrase) có cùng nghĩa với although: mặc dù
Eg: In spite of playing with ten men, we won easily
In spite of being full of water, the boat sailed
In spite of their poverty, the children seemed happy
-Despite dùng để thay cho In spite of thường được dùng trong lối văn viết
Eg: Despite falling/In spite of falling midway through the race, she won
-Bên cạnh đó còn có thể dùng In spite of/ Despite the fact that+ clause
Eg: Despite/ In spite of the fact that she fell midway through the race, she won
Question 46: Some authors hope to enlighten or instruct their reader, _ others
only want to entertain
Trang 24Question 47: _ his illness, he still went to school yesterday
A Much to B Much as C Though C Regardless
Answer: B Much to
*Much to+ noun(phrase)= in spite of+ noun(phrase)
-Much as+ clause= although/though/ even though
Much as cũng được dùng tương tự đứng trước một mệnh đề và đặc biệt dùng để
thể hiện cách chúng ta cảm nhận về ai hay cái gì đó
Eg: Much as I enjoyed the holiday, I was glad to be home (Although I enjoyed )
Question 48: had the plane taken off it began to develop engine
trouble
A More-than B Hardly-when C Both-and D Not only- also
Answer: B Hardly-when
* No sooner…than= Hardly …when: đảo ngữ
Eg: No sooner had Martin sat down than the phone rang
Hardly had I started work when I felt a pain in my back
Question 49: is this tradition observed as keenly as it is in this town
A Only if B Only when C Whenever D Nowhere
Answer: D Nowhere
* Đảo ngữ với Nowhere
Eg: Nowhere in Vietnam is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country
No sooner+ had +S +P.P+ than +S+V(past simple) Barely/Scarely / Hardly +had+ S+ P.P +when+ S+ V(past simple)
Nowhere+ aux +S+ V (bare infinitive)
Trang 25Question 50: If you are unable to speak a foreign language almost your
mother tongue, you cannot describe yourself as “fluent” in that language
C as naturally as D naturally enough
Answer: C as naturally as
* So sánh bằng: as…as
Eg: Andrew came round to my flat as quickly as he could
The gap between the sides is not as wide as it was
The bees are plentiful, but not so common as last summer
Was the film as funny as his last one?
Question 51: Many a strong man _ disheartened before such a challenge
A has B have C are having D is having
Answer: A has
* Many:
Question 52: Despite his disability, he tried to lead _ possible
A as normal as a life B as normal a life as
C as a normal life as D as normal life as
Answer: B as normal a life as
*Chú ý cấu trúc đặc biệt sau:
S+ V+ 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠/𝑠𝑜+adjective/ adverb+ as+ … 𝑎𝑠
Many+ plural count noun+ singular verb Many+ a+ singular noun+ singular verb
=Many’s the 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒚 𝒘𝒉𝒐
𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 +singular
verb
Trang 26Eg: She was as patient a teacher as anyone could have had
Thể phủ định ngoài dùng not as/so ta cũng có thể dùng not such:
Eg: He's not as good a player as he used to be
They're not such terrible children as we'd expected
Mở rộng: Hoàn toàn dùng được hình thứ trên cho các từ: so, too, how
Eg: How significant a role did he play in your life?
It's not quite so straightforward a problem as it might at first seem
'Conspiracy' is perhaps too strong a word
Question 53: There is a small number involved, possibly a hundred
A as a few as B as far as C as long as D as few as
Answer: D as few as
* Dùng much/ many/ few/ little trong so sánh bằng để nói về số lượng
Eg: She earns at least as much as Mark, and probably more
Question 54: She‟s looking for a roommate as she can‟t get used to
everything on her own
A have to do B have been doing C having done D having to do
Answer: D having to do
*Be/ Get used to + V-ing: quen với
Question 55: She‟s just bought three new dresses, her if she gains weight
A none of them will fit B that won‟t fit
C but none of them fit D none of which will fit
Answer: D none of which will fit= but none of them will fit her
𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒂𝒔/𝒔𝒐+adjective/ adverb+ (a/an)+ countable noun+ as+ …
Trang 27* Giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ:
- Trong trường hợp động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ, ta đem giới từ đặt ra trước mệnh đề quan hệ (trước whom, which)
Eg: The man to whom Mary is talking is Mr Pike
The shop from which I got my stereo has lots of bargains
- Ta cũng có thể bỏ whom, which và đặt giới từ ra sau động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ xác
định (defining relative clause)
Eg: The man Mary is talking to is Mr Pike
The shop I got my stereo from has lots of bargains
- Khi dùng that hoặc who, ta không đưa giới từ ra trước
Eg: The man that/ who Mary is talking to is Mr Pike (NOT The man to that/ whom Mary is talking is Mr Pike.)
- Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ là thành phần của cụm động từ (phrasal verbs) thì ta không đem giới từ ra trước whom, which
Eg: This is the book which I'm looking for
That is the child whom you have to look after
- Khi dùng whom, which các giới từ cũng có thể đứng sau động từ (ngoại trừ without)
Eg: The man whom Mary is talking to is Mr Pike
That is the man without whom we'll get lost (NOT the man whom we'll get lost without.)
-Đại từ whose có thể dùng giới từ đứng trước nó mang tính trang trọng và lịch sự
Eg: Tom is the boy in whose house we live
-Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng: none of, all of, most of, some of, many of, half of,…+which/ whom mà không dùng that
Eg: I bought a lot of books, all of which are on animals
Question 56: It‟s vital that we act to stop the destruction of the rainforests
Answer: B should
Trang 28*Subjunctive form: Sau các cấu truc câu: It‟s important that, It‟s desirable/ crucial/
advisable that, It‟s obligatory/ vital/ necessary/ mandatory/ imperative/ essential that,… Eg: It‟s essential that she arrive/ should arrive before 6:30
Question 57: _ to pass the test is something that surprised everyone who
knows him
A How did he manage B That he manage
Answer: B That he manage
*Mệnh đề danh ngữ (Noun clause):Mệnh đề mở đầu bằng that
He is a good actor
The world is round
I think that he is a good actor
We know (that) the world is round
Mệnh đề danh ngữ đóng vai trò tân ngữ nên “that” không có nghĩa thường bị lượt bỏ đi
She doesn‟t understand
spoken English
The world is round
That she doesn‟t understand spoken E is obvious
It is obvious (that) she doesn‟t understand spoken E
That the world is round is a
“it” dùng làm chủ ngữ thì đặt mệnh đề danh từ cuối câu
Question 58: I realize you _ to the meeting today, but I‟m glad you did Your
input was invaluable
A must not have gone B didn‟t have go
C shouldn‟t have to go D couldn‟t have to go
Answer: B didn‟t have go: không cần thiết
*Didn‟t have to: diễn tả về điều gì đó không nhất thiết phải thực hiện trong quá khứ
Eg: Chris and June phoned to say that they couldn't come to eat, so I didn't need/have to cook dinner (= I didn't cook the dinner)
Question 59: Sometimes when I look into the sky, I feel like _ a trip somewhere
Trang 29A making B to make C make D will make
Answer: A making
*Feel like+ doing something: muốn làm gì
Question 60: Anyone ticket has been stolen should contact the airline
immediately
Answer: C whose
* Whose: dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ:
her, his, their, hoặc hình thức ‘s (sở hữu cách)
Eg: Several guests whose rooms had been broken into complained to the manager
The student whose composition I read writes well
-Dùng with+Noun= whose
Eg: A house with glass walls (=whose walls were made of glass) is easy to break
Question 61: Mrs Archer is known the finest collection of twentieth
century art in private hands
A as have B having C by having D to have
Answer: D to have
* Passive voice:Verbs of report or opinion: report, expect, feel ,hope, know, prove,
understand, believe, estimate, say, rumor, claim, think,…
Dạng : PEOPLE/ THEY+ V1 (SAY, REPORT,…) (THAT) +S+ V2
S+ BE+ P.P (SAID, REPORTED,…) +
{
+ + + + + + +
Trang 30Eg: The army was reported to be crossing the frontier
The prisoner is known to have behaved violently in the past
Stonehenge is thought to have been built over a period of 500 years
Rice is believed to be grown well in the Mekong Delta
He is said to be 100 years old
Question 62: He looks like he‟s going to recover, but the doctor says it‟s to
tell
A sooner than B sooner C too soon D soon enough
Answer: C too soon
* Too…to: quá…không thể
Eg: The test is too difficult for me to do on time
(NOT The test is too difficult for me to do it on time)
Question 63: “Is that your car?”-“Yes, it needs , doesn‟t it?”
A washing B to wash C to washing D wash
Answer: A washing
* Bị động với các cấu trúc câu: Need, want, desire:
Eg: The house needs to be repaired/ repairing
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
Need/ want/ desire+ to be P.P/ V_ing
(chủ ngữ của want và desire phải là vật)
Trang 31The cupboard wants tidying out
Question 64: If tutoring is I‟m sure Sarah would be glad to help you
A What you need B that you need C what do you need D needing
Answer: A What you need
*Mệnh danh từ bắt đầu bằng một từ để hỏi
Who lives there? I don‟t know who live
there
Trật tự từ trong câu hỏi và mệnh danh từ giống nhau do who là chủ ngữ của hai câu
Who is she? I don‟t know who she is She là chủ ngữ trong câu hỏi nên
được đặt trước động từ to be
What did she say? What she said surprised
me
What she said là chủ ngữ của câu (chia động từ theo sau số ít nếu ở thì hiện tại)
Question 65:“I haven‟t seen Mark in weeks.” – “Neither have I he on
vacation.”
A should have gone B had better have gone
C must have gone D would have gone
Answer: C must have gone
*Modal verbs in the past time:
must+ have+ P.P: chỉ một suy luận hợp lí, logic trong quá khứ
Eg: You must have been upset when you heard the news
Should/ Ought to+ have+ P.P: diễn tả một sự việc đáng lẽ xảy ra ở quá khứ nhưng
vì một lí do gì đó mà không xảy ra
Eg: If the flight was on time, he should / ought to have arrived in Jakarta early this
morning
Would + have+ P.P: hình thức tương lại trong quá khứ thường được sử dụng trong
các câu giả định
Trang 32Eg: If he hadn't been evicted by his landlord, he wouldn't have been sleeping in the
streets
+Đề cập một sự kiện đáng lẽ xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng thật sự lại chưa diễn ra
Eg: I would have accepted this job, but I didn‟t want to move house
Question 66: “I can see you‟re not used to getting up this early, ?”
A don‟t I B couldn‟t I C are you D didn‟t you
Answer: C are you
* TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)
- Câu nói và phần đuôi luôn ở dạng đối nhau
Eg: The children are playing in the yard, aren‟t they?
- Chủ từ của câu nói là đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ này
Eg: She is a doctor, isn‟t she?
- Chủ từ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thế
Eg: People speak English all over the world, don‟t they?
- Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: được thay bằng “it”
Eg: Everything is ready, isn‟t it?
- Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone,
anybody: được thay bằng “they”
Eg: Someone called me last night, didn‟t they?
- Đại từ this / that được thay bằng “it”; these / those được thay bằng “they”
Eg: That is his car, isn‟t it?
These are your new shoes, aren‟t they?
câu nói khẳng định, đuôi phủ định?
câu nói phủ định, đuôi khẳng định?
Trang 33- “There” trong cấu trúc “there + be” được dùng lại ở phần đuôi
Eg: There aren‟t any students in the classroom, are there?
- Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are …): trợ động từ được lặp lại ở
phần đuôi
Eg: You will come early, won‟t you?
- Câu nói không có trợ động từ: trợ động từ do / does / did được dùng ở phần đuôi
Eg: It rained yesterday, didn’t it?
She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she?
- Câu nói có chứa các từ phủ định thì phần đuôi khẳng đ5nh
Eg: He never comes late, does he?
Note: Động từ trong phần đuôi ở phủ định thì luôn được viết ở dạng rút gọn
Question 67: Daniel have caught the bus It doesn‟t run on Sundays
A shouldn‟t B mustn‟t C couldn‟t D mightn‟t
Answer: C couldn‟t
*Modal verbs in the past time:
could + have+ P P: đề cập đến một khả năng trong quá khứ hoắc 1 sự việc trong quá khứ có thể xảy ra mà người nói không chắc chắn lắm (50%)
Nhưng couldn‟t have P.P (99%^)= can‟t have P.P (trích understanding and using English grammar.)
Eg: David could have won the race if he had tried
Might+ have+ P.P: diễn tả một dự đoán của người nói về một sự việc có thể xảy ra trong quá khứ mà người nói không chắc chắn lắm
Eg: I may/might conceivably have been tempted to take the job if it had been nearer home, (passive form)
Question 68: “How was your presentation?” – “Fine I _ worried
A wouldn‟t have B mustn‟t have C needn‟t have D might not have
Trang 34Answer: C needn‟t have
*Modal verbs in the past time:
need+ have+ P.P: sự việc đáng lẽ không nên xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng đã trót xảy ra
Eg: I got up early because I had to get ready to go away But in fact it didn‟t take me long to get ready So, I needn‟t have got up so early I could have stayed in bed longer
Question 69: _ people are writing blogs on the Internet, it is possible to
learn about current events without using the established media
A Now that B While C As soon as D Until
Answer: A Now that
*Now that: dùng để chỉ lí do trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ
Question 70: he is the top scientist, he will find the solution soon
A Given that B Granted C Although D Even so
Answer: A Given that
*Given that / Granted that = by the fact that : “Với việc … là”
+Given that và granted that có thể dịch là “với việc … là” dùng để giải thích câu kế tiếp
Eg: Given that he is the top scientist, he will find the solution soon
+Nếu bỏ “that” ra thì ta “không dùng clause” mà dùng “phrase”, nghĩa sẽ khác đi đôi chút
và gần giống với despite of
Eg: Given his health condition, it‟s a miracle that he can play footballs (Với sức khoẻ như
thế mà anh ta chơi đá banh được)
Question 71: It‟s was his own fault, but I couldn‟t help _ sorry for him
A feeling B to feel C having felt D to have felt
Trang 35A to have used- having borrowed B.to use- borrowing
C using-to borrow D having used- borrow
Answer: C using-to borrow
*Finish+V-ing: kết thúc, hoàn thành/ would like+ to- V: muốn
V + V-ing: admit, hate, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape,
anticipate (đoán trước), complete, dislike, understand, save, finish, keep, mention, mind, postpone, prefer, miss, practice, quit, recall, report, resent, recollect, resume, risk,
suggest, endure, face, involve, excuse, detest, imagine, fancy, discuss, tolerate, prohibit,
(spend, leave, catch, find, waste+ O+ V-ing: dùng như phân từ hiện tại); sit/ lie/ stand+
O (place) + Ving,…
Question 73: I really believe that you should let your son _ his own decisions;
he is certainly old enough _ so
A to be making- done B making- being done
C to make- for doing D make- to do
Answer: D make- to do
* V + bare inf: let, make, had better, would rather, have, would rather,…
Eg: I didn't enjoy it I'd rather have stayed at home
They decided to accept the offer rather than go to court
The headmaster let the pupils go home early
* Enough…to: đủ…để
Eg: He isn‟t high enough to play volleyball
I don‟t have enough money to buy a car
S+ V+enough+ noun+ for (S.O)+ to-infitive
Trang 36Question 74: While _ the historical building, they had to get some of the
missing tiles specially
Answer: C restoring- made
* Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,…+ V-ing
Eg: After finishing his homework, he went to bed
*Causative form: have, get: nhờ ai đó làm việc gì
Eg: I got/ had my bike repaired by my father yesterday
Where did you have/get your hair cut?
Question 75: I guess life must be boring for the very rich, because they can get nearly
everything they want easily without _ to make an effort
Answer: D having
* Sau các giới từ: on, in, at, with, about, from, to, without, ….+ V-ing
Eg: My sister is interested in listening to pop music
Question 76: From distance, we could hear the sound of some dogs
A to bark B to be barking C barking D bark
Trang 37I saw her get off the bus
Question 77: I‟m sorry that I didn‟t remember $ 100 from you, but I promise
you back as soon as I get my salary next week
A borrowing- to pay B to borrow- having paid
C having borrowed- pay D to be borrowing- paying
Answer: A borrowing- to pay
*Remember/ forget/ regret+
/ /
/ / ,
Eg: Don‟t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed
I remember meeting you somewhere but I can‟t know your name
* V + to-inf: agree, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope,
long, learn, manage, offer, omit, prepare, promise, refuse, swear, threaten, want, wish, care, plan, happen, hesitate, strive, volunteer, wait, pretend, proceed, afford, attempt, appear, deserve, beg, help, aim, seek(cố tìm cách), seem, struggle, need,…
Question 78: It took me so long home that some of the flowers I had bought
earlier in the day had drooped
A getting B to get C to be getting D having gotten
Answer: B to get
* Trong cấu trúc: It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf
Question 79: Sorry! I didn‟t mean _ you in the middle of the meeting, but I
urgently need a look at the files in that cabinet
A having disturbed- having had B to be disturbed- have
C disturbing- to be having D to disturb- to have
Answer: D to disturb- to have
* Mean+ + ,
Trang 38
Eg: She means to work for that company
I need the report tomorrow It means staying up late tonight
Question 80: If the exams are to be taken separately, I can see no point on the
same day
A to have all of them come B in having all of them to come
C to have all of them to come D in having all of them come
Answer: D in having all of them come
* Sau các cụm từ: have difficulty / trouble/ hard (gặp khó khăn/trở ngại), can‟t help
(không thể không ), can‟t stand / can‟t bear (không chịu đựng nỗi), feel like (cảm thấy thích), look forward to (mong chờ, mong đợi), It is (not) worth (đáng / không đáng), keep / keep on (tiếp tục), be busy, be used to / get used to (quen với), It‟s (no) good, There is
(no) point in, It‟s nice, have fun/ a good time, it‟s an experience, it‟s a
nuisance,…+V-ing
Eg: It's no good arguing I've made up my mind
It might be worth taking the guided tour
Question 81: I find it very hard _ myself anywhere other than here in
Hanoi
A imagining- to live B to imagine- living
C imagined- having lived D to have imagined- lived
Answer: B to imagine- living
* S + find / think / believe/ make/ consider + it + adj + to-inf
Eg: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary
Question 82: Suddenly the wind started _ so strongly that my silk scarf was
blown off my neck, and in astonishment, I watched it _ away into the sea
A blowing- being carried B to blow- carrying
C to be blowing- to carry D having blown- carried
Answer: A blowing- being carried
Trang 39* Begin / start / continue/ like / love/ bother/continue/ dread/ love/ like/ hate + to-inf /
V-ing đều không có sự khác biệt về nghĩa
Eg: It started to rain / raining
Tuy nhiên sau like có thể dùng to+V thường đề cập đến một ý thích theo thói quen
Eg: We like to go out for lunch on Sunday
Not like to tương đương với think it‟s wrong to
Eg: I don‟t like to disturb colleagues at home
Question 83: Much to our amazement, we sold house to the first person it
A being viewed B having viewed C to be viewing D to view
Answer: D to view
* Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có to
(to-infinitive) hoặc cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (infinitive phrase: for + O + to-inf)
Question 84: Since she has never had the opportunity to practice the language in a
real situation, she writes Italian she speaks it
A as well as B too much like C better than D so well that
Answer: C better than
* So sánh hơn: adjective+- er/ more adjective
Tính từ ngắn vần là tính từ có 1 âm tiết: tall, small, fat, hot,…
Tính từ dài vần là tính từ có từ hai âm tiết trở lên(2 âm tiết nhưng tận cùng là w, y thì xem chúng như tính từ ngắn vần: narrow, lovely, happy, ): beautiful, careful,
comfortable, …
So sánh hơn của tính từ ngắn vần: adjective+ er; dài vần: more adjective
Eg: You'll have to draw the graph more accurately than that
S+ V+ 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆/𝒂𝒅𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒃 + 𝒆𝒓
𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 + 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆/𝒂𝒅𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒃+than+…
Trang 40You'll have to work harder if you want to pass the exam
Question 85: In Europe _ people are getting married these days and
people are living together outside marriage
B too many- so much D far fewer- more
Answer: D far fewer- more
* Để nhấn mạnh cấp đọ so sánh, ta thêm much/ far vào trước so sánh
Eg: Henry‟s mobile phone is far more expensive than mine
He speaks English much more fluently than he does Chinese
*So sánh hơn của danh từ:
Eg: Their job allows them less freedom than ours does
There are fewer cars on the road in winter
Question 86: Ararat, according to the Bible the resting place of Noah‟s Ark, is by far
_ mountain in Turkey
A as high as B the highest C so high D higher than
Answer: B the highest
* So sánh nhất: the most+adjective/ adjective+-est
Eg: It's going to be the most exciting pop festival ever
Which is the tallest building in the world?
Titan is the largest satellite of all
S+ V+ more/ fewer/ less+ noun+ than+…
S+ V+ 𝒕𝒉𝒆 + 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆/𝒂𝒅𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒃 + 𝒆𝒔𝒕
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕 + 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆/𝒂𝒅𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒃 +…