1. あまり(1) amari (1): too much, very, a lot Amari always precedes the verb. A. INTRODUCTION: Amari, which literally translates as “too much”, is an adverb that is usually found in negative sentences. When used in this fashion, it expresses lessthanperfect negation. So while “suki de wa nai” (好きではない) implies simply that “I don’t like it”, “amari suki de wa nai” (あまり好きではない) implies that “I like it a little, but not a lot” or “I don’t like it very much.” Like its English counterpart, amari may be used merely as a softening device. B. EXAMPLES: あまり調子がよくありません。 Amari chōshi ga yoku arimasen. I don’t feel very well. この絵はあまり好きではありません。 Kono e wa amari suki de wa arimasen. I don’t like that picture very much. C. NOTES: This expression is usually written in hiragana only. In informal conversation, “amari” is often replaced by “anmari” (あんまり). Although “amari” is normally found in negative sentences, it is also sometimes used in affirmative sentences, but carries a negative connotation. In such cases, it is sometimes followed by the particle “ni”. 彼の考えはあまりに非現実的だ。 Kare no kangae wa amari ni higenjitsuteki da. His thoughts are too unrealistic.
2 あああ(1) あああ amari (1) too much, very, a lot Amari always precedes the verb ああ ああ aru to be, to exist (of inanimate things); to have Thing + あ + place + あ + ああ Person/Place + (あ)あ + thing + あ + ああ ああ ああ ii good ああああ ああああ ippai full, many, a lot ippai + V ああああああああippai taberu - to eat a lot あああああああippai aru - there are a lot of something ああ (1) ああ (1) iru (1) to exist (for animate, usually living, things) Thing + あ + place + あ + ああ Person/Place + (あ)あ + thing + あ + ああ ああ (2) ああ (2) iru (2) -ing V.te-form + iru (ああ) あ (1) あ (2) あ (2) あ (1) ka (2) ka (1) or question particle Sentence + ka(ああ Noun + ka + Noun + ka Verb plain + ka Adj-i + ka Adj-na.stem + ka 10 ああ(1) あああ3あ あああ3あ ああ(1) kara(3) kara(1) so from, since Noun + kara (ああ) Verb + kara I-adjective + kara Na-adjective + da + kara Noun + da + kara 11 あああああ あああああ kara(2) after having done s.t.; since te-form of Verb + kara +あ[main clause] 12 あ (1) あ (1) ga (1) subject-marking particle 14 13 あ (2) あ (2) ga (2) but, however あああ あああ Kurai approximately, about Number + Counter + kurai (あああ) Sentence-1 + ga(あ) + Sentence-2 Demonstrative Pronoun/Adjective + kurai (ああああ Sentence-1 + ga(あ)あ Interrogative Pronoun + kurai (あああ) 16 15 ああああ ああああああ あああああああ ああああ kosoado kotoba keredomo ko-, so-, a- & do- demonstrative pronouns although, though, but Koreあああ Kochiraああああ this/here is When the object is close to the speaker clause + keredomo V.plain/plain past + keredomo i-adj + keredomo na-adj + copula plain/plain past + keredomo noun + copula plain/plain past + keredomo Soreあああ Sochiraああああ that/there When the object is close to the person spoken to Areあああ Achiraああああ Over there(that/location)When the object is far from the both Doreあああ Dochiraああああ Which 17 ああ 18 ああ あ Suru あ to Da Imperfective form - あああああ Connective form - あ be (copula) Present: Da Predicative form - ああ Present negative: ja nai Attributive form - ああ Past: datta Hypothetical form - ああ Past negative: ja nakatta Imperative form - あああああ 20 19 ああ あああ あああ Darō Probably ああ * Verb/i-Adj.inf + あああ Dake あああああああ only, just ああああああ ああああああ ああああああああ Noun + dake (ああ) * na-Adj.stem + (あああ)あああ Verb/i-Adj inf + dake (ああ) ああああああ na-Adj stem + na dake(ああ) あああああああああ * Noun + (あああ)あああ ああああああ あああああああああ 21 あああ 22 あああ te iru be doing something, be in a state created before Dictionary form ああ あああ oyogu oyoide あああ あああ taberu tabete ああ ああ suru shite Case ii) Dictionary form あああ あああ nureru nurete あああ あああ kowareru kowarete Te-form あああああ oyoide ru あああああ tabete iru ああああ shite iru Case i) Te-form + iru is swimming English is eating is doing Te-form Te-form + iru English あああああ (got wet and) still wet now nurete iru あああああ (got broken and) it is broken now kowarete iru あああああ あああああ te kudasai Please something * [te-from of a verb] あ kudasai Please 24 23 あああああああ/あああああ あああああああ/あああああ te wa ikemasen/te wa dame da you can't * te-form of a verb + あ あああああ/ああああ * te-form of a verb + あ あああ = you can't something, you should not something ああああ ああああ te mo ii may; it is alright (V / adj-i / adj-na , N + Copula).te mo ii Verb: ああああああああ tabete mo ii may eat; it is alright to eat adj-i: あああああああああ tsumetakute mo ii it is alright if s.t is cold adj-na: あああああああああ shizuka de mo ii it is alright if s.t is quiet Noun: あああああああああ gakusei de mo ii it is alright if s.o is a student 25 ああああああ ああああああああ te-kei te-form - and, -ing あああ→ああああ shinu → shinde あああ→ああああ yobu → yonde あああ→ああああ fumu → funde Class verbs: v.stem + te あああ→あああ deru → dete Irregular verbs: あああ→あああ kuru → kite あああ →あああ suru → shite i-adjectives final i becomes kute and can function as "and" connecting adjectives together or a conjunction linking clauses together Class verbs: u/tsu/ru-verbs: あああ→ああああ kau → katte あああ→ああああ matsu → matte あああ→ああああ kaeru →あkaette ku-verbs: あああ→ああああ tsuku → tsuite Exception: あああ→ああああ iku → itte gu-verbs: あああ→ああああ oyogu → oyoide su-verbs: あああ→ああああ korosu → koroshite nu/bu/mu-verbs: 26 あ (2) あ (2) de (2) by, with, using Noun + de(あ) 27 28 あ(1) あ(3) あ(1) あ(3) de(1) de (3) at, in, on (place) and, because location + de (あ) あああ 373 あああああああああ あああああああああ ni koshita koto wa nai is best * Verb plain non-past + あああああああああ ああああああああああああああああああああああああああああ 374 ああああああ あああああああ ni mo hodo ga aru How could can [anyone] be as ~ as ああit's best to be careful * Noun + ni mo hodo ga aru(ああああああ) * i-Adjective plain non-past + あああああああああ * Verb, non-past plain + ni mo hodo ga aru(あああああ あああああああああああああああああああああああああcheap is best * i-Adjective, non-past plain + ni mo hodo ga aru(あ * Noun + あああああああああ あああああ) あ) あああああああああああああああああああああああああああ rich is best 376 375 あああああ あああああ te orimasu is doing or keep in a state (humble) * te form of a verb + orimasu (ああああああ) あああああ ああ あああああ ああ hodo no wa nai is not so as [something] * [noun 1] hodo no [noun 2] wa nai * [noun 1] hodo no [noun 2] wa negative form of a verb 377 あああああ あああああ yō to omou I think I will something 378 ああああ, ああああ ああああ, ああああ * Volitional form + to omotte iru (ああああああ) n da kedo, no desu ga Volitional form + to omō (あああ) -, but - ああああああああ あ あああああ/ああ; I think/am thinking that I'm going to eat ああああああ あ あああああ/ああ; I think/am thinking that I'm going to read * n da kedo, [main clause] no desu ga, [main clause] 379 ああああ ああああ tari shite Something might happen Verb inf past + あああ 380 あああ あああ yō da it seems that * Verb/i-adj plain + yō da * Noun/na-adj.stem + no + yō da 381 ああああああ ああああああ totemo –nai 382 ああああ/ああああああ ああああ/ああああああ ni yoru to/ ni yorimasu to according to – not – possibly * ni yorimasu to + sō desu (あああああ) * totemo + verb nagative potential form + to iu koto desu (ああああああああ) あああ ああああああ; totemo taberarenai; can not possibly eat + to no koto desu (あああああああ) + opinion/judgment etc * ni yoru to + hearsay expressions/opinion or judgment + sō da(ああああ) あああ あああああああtotemo kangaerarenai; can not possibly think あああ ああああ; totemo aenai; can not possibly meet/see + to iu koto da(あああああああ) + to no koto da(ああああああ) + opinion/judgment etc 384 ああああああ ああああああ ~yō ni iu 383 to tell (someone) to あああ Informal verb あ あああ あ verb (expressing a request or command, あああ ni tsuki per * [Number (A) + counter] + "ni tsuki" + [number (B) + counter] such as あああああああああああああ) ああああ (benkyō suru) あああ (yō ni) ああ (iu) "to tell (someone) to study" ああああ (tamago o kau) あああ (yō ni) ああ (tanomu) "to ask (someone) to buy eggs" ああああ (ashita kuru) あああ (yō ni) あああ (tsutaeru) "to tell (someone) to come tomorrow" あああああ (shigoto o suru) あああ (yō ni) ああああ (meirei suru) "to order(someone) to his job" 385 あああ ああああ nantoka Somehow あああ + verb = somehow something 386 ああ ああ muki suitable for ~ 388 あああ(1) あああ(1) 387 ああ ああ muke exclusively for mono da (1) used to Formation: * Verb, plain past + mono da あああ ああああused to something) Dictionary Plain past Plain past + mono da Translation あああ あああ あああ あああ used to eat ああ あああ あああ あああ used to go * i/na-adj, plain past + mono da (ああ ああああused to something) Dictionary Plain past Plain past + mono da Translation ああ ああああ ああああ あああ used to be cheap ああああ ああああああ beautiful ああああああ あああ used to be 389 あああ(2) あああ(2) 390 あああ mono da(2) norm * Verb, plain non-past + mono da ああああ ああああone should somethingあ ああああああ ああああああ あああ ああああ ああああ あああ あああ tadashi one should say hello one should apologize *Verb, plain non-past negative + mono da あああああ ああああone however [sentence A] + あああ + [sentence B] should not somethingあ ああああ ああああ あああ one should not cry ああああ ああああ あああ one should not be late 392 あ あ 391 あああああああ あああああああああ jidōshi tadōshi Intransitive/Transitive Verb ああああああsomething> ああtransitive verb あsomething> ああintransitive verb mi Body The basic meaning of あ is of course "body," but it has another meaning besides "physical body," which is "a person by oneself." We also use あ to indicate the main part of something For example, we call the meaty part of a fish you can eat あ , as opposed to the skin or bones that you can't eat Mi ni oboe ga aru ( あ あ あ あ あ あ あ ) literally means "remember something with one's body." But, in this case, we use あ to indicate "oneself," and this phrase means "a person remembers doing something." Please note that we use this phrase in a situation where a person has done something bad or is being blamed or accused Mi kara deta sabi (あああああああ) literally means "rust from one's body." In this case, we use sabi ( あ あ ) in a figurative way to indicate "bad karma" or "payment for one's bad actions or behavior." So, we can use this phrase in a situation where someone does something bad and as a result he or she gets in trouble, and we could say ああああああああ to mean that the person got what he or she deserved 393 あ ああ neko cat Out of idiomatic expressions that use the names of animals, many expressions use the word あ, meaning "cat." People believe this is the case because many people keep cats as pets, and they have become a big part of our daily lives ああああああああああああ refers to a voice that people use when they are trying to fawn on or suck up to someone, much like the sound cats make when they are petted on the head It is common for some women to make their voice higher and sweeter-sounding when asking for something from someone else, and this is what we refer to as ああああ We use あああああああああああああto describe a person who hides his or her real personality and behaves like a quiet and docile person あああ is the same verb that we use in あああああああああ, meaning "to wear a hat," so it means "to wear something on one's head." It is believed that this expression came to be because on the outside, a cat looks like a gentle, obedient creature, but on the inside, it is actually thought to be greedy and tricky 394 ああ ああ tame for the benefit of 396 395 あああああああ あああ あああ ああああああああ tatte te mo hajimaranai even if there is no point in doing something * Verb informal past + ああ [te form of a verb] + mo + hajimaranai * i adverbial adjective + あああ * na adjective stem/noun + あああ 398 397 ああああああああ ああああああああ ~dokoro ja nai doing something (or being in a certain state) is not possible at all because the situation is too bad to allow it あああ ああああ kakokei past tense Verb + no datta ※ Noun + datta I-adjective + datta Na-adjective + datta ※ In the case of a verb, you should use the past form of no da, which is no datta ※We often shorten this to n datta in conversation 400 あああ 399 あああああ あああああ ~ba, sumu "if you [verb], everything will be fine" ba conditional + sumu (ああ) ああああああ kenjōgo humble expressions There are two types of humble verbs - Regular and Irregular ■あIrregular humble verbs to exist (animate) - ああ iru - ああ oru - ああああ orimasu to go - ああ iku - ああ mairu - ああああ mairimasu to come - ああ kuru to say - ああ iu - ああ mōsu - ああああ mōshimasu to - ああ suru - あああ itasu - あああああ itashimasu to eat - あああ taberu - ああああ itadaku - ああああああ itadakimasu to drink - ああ nomu to exist (inanimate) - ああ aru - あああ gozaru - あああああ* gozaimasu to ask - ああ kiku - ああ ukagau - ああああ ukagaimasu to visit - ああああ tazuneru *The masu form of gozaru is irregular It's not not gozarimasu but gozaimasu 401 402 ああ ああ node because 2 2 403 404 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 [...]... system, however, there are some counters that require use of the "hitotsu", "futatsu", "mittsu" counting system (minus the final "tsu") In addition, the pronunciation of many counters changes (according to Japanese pronunciation rules) when a number is prefixed to it For example, "hiki", the counter for small animals, becomes "ippiki" for one animal, "nihiki" for two animals, and "sanbiki" for three animals