Một số vấn đề lý luận cơ bản về thích ứng xã hội của các nhóm yếu thế và các chính sách của đảng, nhà nước đối với họ - Lê Minh Thiện

MOT S6 VAN DE LY LUAN CO BAN V^ THICH QNG XA HOI C U A CAC NHOM Y^U TH^ VA CAC CHINH SACH CUA O A N G , NHA NUOC DOI VOI HO Ld Minh ThiSn Viin Tdm Iv hoc T6M TAT Vice nghit'-ii citu sif thich ipig xd hdi cita cdc nhdm yiu the cdn duac tiin hdnh tit hai gic di: Iv ludn vd thUc ticn Nghiin cuu ly ludn seldm sdng td nil hdm cda cde khdi niim co bdn (thich dng \d hdi thich dng vd hii cda cdc nhdm yi'u thi), cdc hinh thirc thich irng -vd hdi cita cdc nhdm yi'u thi (thich itng vi mat nhdn thdc vd thich dn ve mat hdnh vi) Bdi viei ndy eiing tim hiiu cic chu tritang, chinh sdch cua Ddng vi Nha nude ddi vdi mil sd nhdm yi'u Ihi' trudc hit Id cdc quan diim, nguyin tde, each thdc bdo vi vi chdm sdc cdc nhdm yiu thi Ttt khoa: Nhdm yiu thi: ton trpng; binh ddng: bdo vi; chdm sdc; nhdn dqo Ngiy nhan bii: 15/4/2012; Ngiy duyit dang bdi: 20/5/2012 I Mdt sd vftn de ly Iuftn vd thich ung xft hdi ciia cic nhdm ye'u the Mdt sd khdi niem cabdn 1.1 Khdi niim ihich I'nig Thi'ch dng xufti phit t i lieiig Latinh li Adapto Trong tift'ng Anh, tift'ng Ddc thich dng la Adaption Khi chuydn sang tift'ng Viet adaption dupc hidu la thich dng bay thich nghi Trong tift'ng Viet, khii niftm thich nghi vi thieh img nhieu kbi dupe hieu vi s i dung ddng nhil Vd ndi hftm, hai khii niftm niy ddu ehi sir bift'n ddi cia chi thd dd tdn tai mdi trudng sd'ng, hoan canh hay tinh hudng cia cudc sfl'ng Chung ta khflng nftn ddng nhil hai khii niftm niy, mac d i ndi hftm cia ehung cd nhidu dicm gid'ng day, cin phan biet sir khae biftt gitta bai 82 TAP CHITAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 khii niftm thfch nghi vi thfch dng Khii niftm thfch nghi dupc ding cho tit ca sinh vftt (trong dd cd ngudi) vft thiftn vd gdc dd sinh hpc Khii niftm thieh dng chi yft'u ding cho ngudi vft thiftn vd gdc dd xa hdi Khii niftm thich dng duoc nhin nhan ttt gdc dd tridt hpc, sinh hpc vft iftm ly hpc Ttt gdc dd tridt hpc, thfch dng dupc hidu lft su thay ddi cia bin thftn ngudi cho phtt hpp vdi hoftn cinh sd'ng, dd ngudi tdn tai vft phit tridn Thi'ch dng li qui trinh ngudi nd luc lim chi tu nhiftn, cii tao tu nhiftn, giii quydt mfli quan hft gitta eon ngudi vdi thft gidi Ttt gdc dd sinh hpc, thfch dng li su bift'n ddi ciu tao, chdc nftng cia co thd, bift'n ddi hinh vi dd ngudi tdn tai vft phit tridn Sir thfch dng cia ngudi bift'n ddi ttt thft'p dft'n eao Ttt gdc dd tam ly hpc, Ihich dng Id su biin ddi tdm ly cda chu thi nhdm vita qua nhiing khd khdn, Ird ngqi di ldn tqi vd phdl triin mdi trudng sdng Tam ly hpe xem xdt sir thfch dng cua ngudi chi ydu ttt gdc dd tam ly xa hfli Ttt khai niftm thieh dng trftn ta tha'y, ein chd y mfll sd didm sau: - Su bie'n ddi tam ly cia chi thd Dd Ift su bift'n ddi vd nhftn thdc, thai dp va hanh vi cia ehi the - Thich dng chi xufti biftn eon ngudi gap phai mfli trudng, hoftn canh sfl'ng mdi Khi mfli Irudng sd'ng dd xuit biftn nhttng trd ngai, khd khan ddi hdi ngudi phai vupt qua - Khi ngudi thich dng dupc vdi moi Irudng sfl'ng mdi cd nghia Ift anh la ton lai va phit tridn mdi Irudng dd 1.2 Khdi niem thich ting xd hpi cda cdc nhdm xdhdi yiu thi Cdc nhdm xd hdi ye'u the la nhttng nhdm xa hfli d vio vj trf bit lpi vd mpt hay mpt sd khfa canh nfto dd Ching ban nhu vd sdc khoe, vd kha nang, vd kinh tft', ve tie'p cftn thong tin Ndi each khic, day la nhimg nhdm xa hpi gap khd khan cupc sdng, hp ban che, bit lpi cupc sd'ng so vdi cac nhdm xa hpi khac Cd the nftu mpl sd nhdm xa hpi yft'u the sau: nhdm ngudi eao ludi, gia yft'u; nhdm ngudi tat nguydn; nhdm ngudi mic bftnh hiem ngheo; nhdm ngudi ngheo; nhdm tre em; nhdm tre lang thang co nhd; nhdm thuong benh binh; nhdm nhiftm ehai ddc da cam Thich dng xa hpi cua cac nhdm xa hpi yftu the ed de djnh nghia nhu sau: Thieh dng xd hdi cda cdc nhdm xd hpi ye'u thi Id stf thay doi tdm ly eua cde nhdm xd hpi ndy nhdm vital qua nhiing khd khdn, su yiu thi cua bdn Ihdn de hoa nhdp, tdn tqi vd phdt triin mdi trudng xd hdi 1.3 Cdc khdi niem lien quan TAP CHl TAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 83 - Khdi hiim ngUdi khuyi't tdt Theo Cdng udc Qudc td vd quydn cia ngudi khuydt tit nim 2001 thi ngudi khuydt tit dupc xic djnh nhtt sau: Ngudi khuyit tdt hao gdm nhCtng ngUdi cd nhiing khii'm khuyit Idu ddi vi thi chdt, rrl tui, thdn kinh hodc gidc quan md tuang tde vdi cdc rdo cdn khdc cd thi cdn trd su tham gia ddy du vd hiiu qud eua hp xd hdi trin mdt nin tdng cdng bing nhu nhitng ngudi khdc xdhdi (P'liu 1, Cdng udc Qudc tdvd quydn cia ngudi khuydt tit, 2001) Ngudi khuydt tat cQng dupc nhin nhin ttt cic gdc dO khic: Dao luat vd ngudi khuydt tit cia Hoa Ky nam 1990 (ADA - Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990) djnh nghia ngudi khuydt tat li ngudi cd su suy ydu vd thd chit hay tinh thin giy inh hudng ding kd ddn mdt hay nhidu boat ddng quan trpng cudc sdng Cung theo ADA, nhttng vf dii cu thd vd khuydt tat bao gdm: khidm khuydt vd vin ddng, thj giic, ndi vi nghe, chim phit tridn tinh thin, benh cim xue vft nhttng khidm khuydt cu thd vd hpc tip, bai nao, dflng kinh, leo co, ung Ihu, bftnh tim, tidu dudng, cic bftnh liy vft khdng Ifty nhu bftnh lao vft biJnh HIV (cd triftu chdng hoftc khdng cd tridu chdng) Cd su thd'ng nhai tuong dd'i vd djnh nghia thft nfto li khuydt tftt cua hai dao luat nfty Theo phftn loai cia Td chdc Y id Thd gidi, cd ba mdc dp vd khuydt tftt 14: khift'm khuyfti (impairment), khuyfti tftt (disability) vft tftn tftt (handicap) Khii'm khuyit chi ddn su mit mit hoftc khflng binh thudng cia cau tnic co thd lien quan dft'n Iftm ly hoac/vft sinh ly Khiiyei tdt chi de'n su giam thidu chdc nftng boat dflng, Ift hftu qua cia su khift'm khuyfti Cdn tdn tdt di cap dft'n tinh thd bit Ipi hoae thiet thdi cia ngudi mang khift'm khuydt tic ddng cia mdi trudng xung tjuanh Iftn tinh trang khuyfti tat cia hp (WHO, 1999) Cdn theo quan didm cia Tci chdc Qudc lft', ngudi khuyfti tat u-d thinh tdn tdt lft thiftu CO hfti dd tham gia cic boat ddng xa bdi vi cd mdt cudc sd'ng gid'ng nhu ihftnh viftn khic (DPI, 1982) - Khdi mem tie em Theo Cdng udc cia Liftn Hiftp qud'e vd quydn tre em thi Tre em la td't cd nhting ngirdi dudi 16 tudi Ly Iuftn ve thich umg xa hdi cua cac nhdm xa hpi Khi ndi vd thieh dng xa hdi cia ciic nhdm xa hdi yft'u thft', cin tap trung vfto pbftn lich hai khia canh co ban sau: 1) Thfch dng vd mat nhftn thdc; 2) Thich dng vd mat hinh vi Dfty la hai mat bidu hiftn cia su thich dng xa hdi cua cic nhdm xa hdi yft'u thft' Trftn thuc tft', mdc dd thi'ch dng xa hdi c i a cic nhdm, ca nhan khdng gifl'ng Cd nhung ci nhan hay nhdm xa hdi thich dng dupe ea hai khia canh nfty Dfty li nbuiig ca nhin hay nhdm xa hiii thfch dng td't 84 TAP CHl TAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), 6-2012 Nhung, cung cd nhttng ci nhin hay nhdm xa h(3i chi thfch dng duoc mdt hoac hai khfa canh trftn 2.1 Thich ting vi mat nhdn thdc Thfch dn'g vd mat nhan thdc cia cic nhdm xa hdi ydu thd thd hiftn qua su thay ddi vd cich thdc suy nghl, hidu bidt cia cic nhdm xa hdi nfty vd bin thftn, vd cic vftn dd cia cui5c sd'ng vft cia xa hdi ndi chung Thi'ch dng vd nhan thdc, trudc hfti lft su hidu bidt cia cic nhdm vd nang cua ban than minh, ea vd nhttng mat manh, cflng nhu su bit loi, ydu thd cua hp Chang han, nhttng ngudi cao tu6i hidu dupc mat manh cua ho Ift kinh nghiftm sd'ng, su tttng trii cudc sd'ng, nhung nhttng ban chd cia ho lft sdc khoe, Ift su ban ehft vd tift'p cftn eii mdi, han ehft vd su nftng dflng Ivlbdm nhttng ngudi tat nguydn hp cin hidu dupc ban ehft eua bin than Ift'su ihiftu hut mfll hay mdt sd bd phan, chdc nang cua ed thd vft su khd kbftn boat ddng sdng su khift'm khuydt nfty gfty Bidu hien thtt hai cia thich dng vd mat nhan thdc cia cic nhdm xa hdi yft'u thft li su thay ddi tu dd gidp hp vuot qua khd khftn dd sd'ng Ching han, su thay ddi tu lim an, san xuit dd dal dupe hiftu qui kinh lft ifli hon Bidu hiftn khac cua thich dng vd mat nhan thdc cua eae nhdm xa hfli yft'u the li hp thay ddi nhan thttc dd bift'u biftt vd eic vin dd xa hfli tdi hon tijiftng ban, hie'u vd eae chi truong chi'nh saeh (nhil Ift eic chi'nh saeh hd trp cic nhdm xa hpi ydu the'), bift'u bifti vd kinh lft thj Irudng vdi nhttng khd khan, thieh thdc mft hp thfch dng, hidu bifti vft thay ddi cua cic quan he xa hdi, hidu ve su hdi nhap eua dal nude Thieh dng vd nhan thdc Ift su thieh ttng quan trpng vi nhftn thdc li co sd dinh hudng cho thai dp vi hanh vi cia ngudi Khdng thay ddi vd nhftn thdc (khdng hidu bidt, khdng thay ddi tu ) thi chu thd khflng cd nang hoft nhap vdi cupc sd'ng 2.2 Thich dng vi mat hdnh vi Thfch dng vd hanh vi lft thieh dng quan trpng nhil cia ngudi Bdi vi, hanh vi Ift kfti qua cia qua trinh nhan thdc, xdc cam vft thai dp cua ngudi, li bieu hiftn cudi cing cia tam ly ngudi Thieh dng vd hanh vi thd hiftn ngudi vupt qua cac khd khftn, trd ngai hoa nhftp dupc vdi hoftn canh sd'ng Ddi vtSi nhiing nhdm xa hfli yft'u thft', hp cin thay ddi vd bftnh vi dd vupt qua nhttng khd khftn cia bin than, dd ton lai vft phat Irien mdi trudng sd'ng Cac nhdm xa hfli ydu thd khae cd nhttng khd khan trd ngai khic nhau, nen su thfch dng vd bftnh vi cung khdng gid'ng Su thieh dng hftnh vi TAP CHfTAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 85 lft didu kiftn quan trpng hing diu dd cic nhdm x i hdi hoi nhip vio cu^c sdng, tdn tai vi phit tridn n M0t sd' chfnh sich cua D&ng \k Nhit nudic vd c i c nhdm xa hdi ydu thd / Chtnh sdch ri ngu&i cao tudi - Hidn phip nftm 1992 quy dinh " Ngudi gift, ngudi tftn tit, trd md cdi khdng noi nuong lira dupc Nhi nudc vi xS h^i gidp dd" - Ngfty 17/7/1992, Chi thj sd 332/CT cia Chu tich H()i ddng BCf tmdng (nay li Thi tudng Chinh phu) vd viftc l6 chdc ngfty Qudc td Ngudi cao tudi hing nam nftu rd: "Cttng nhu Ngiy (judc td Thidu nhi, Ngiy Qudc td Phii nO, Ngfty Qudc td Ngudi cao ludi cin dupc td chdc tdt, cd sti chi dao cii thd cua co quan Nhft nudc, cic doin thd nhin din dudi su lanh dao cia cic dp i y Dang" - Dang vft Chfnh phi di nhftn thiy tim quan trpng vft tfnh cip thidt cia viftc xiy dung td chdc nftn d i cho phdp thinh Iftp Hdi Ngudi cao tudi Viftt Nam, theo dd ngfty 10/5/1995 da td chdc Dai hdi chinh thdc thftnh Iftp Hdi ddi dip dng nguydn vpng da cd ttt Iftu cia hftng cbiic triftu ngudi cao tudi, phi hpp vdi dudng Ifli ddi mdi cia Dang vft xu thd cia thft gidi nftn da dupc ddng dao ngudi cao ludi hudng dng rdng rai Anh 1: Hdi ngttdi cao ludi thdnh phdHd Chi Minh - Ban BI thu Trung uong Dang da ban hftnh Chi thj 59/Cr-TU' ngfty 27/9/1995 vd "Chftm sdc ngudi cao tudi" Trong chi thj nfty nftu rd "Nhft nudc cin danh ngftn sich de giii quyfti eae vin dd xa hdi, dd, cd vin dd chftm sdc nhttng ngudi cao tudi cd cdng, ed don khdng noi nuong lira, tan tat, bit hanh, nhanh chdng xoa bd tinh irang ngudi gift lang thang tren phd, ngd xdm 86 TAP CHITAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 Dd nghi Chinh phi bd trp Hdi Ngudi cao tudi Viftt Nam vd kinh phi vft didu kiftn boat dflng" Thdng bao sd 305 - TB/TLT ngfty 3/2/2010 vi Thdng bio sd 12 - TB/TU ngfty 13/6/2001 cia Ban BI thu Trung uong Ding vd kfti qui thue biftn Chi thi 59/CT-TtJ ngiy 27/9/1995 vd "Cham sdc ngudi cao ludi" Trong cic thdng bio Ban Bi thu khing djnh: Ngudi cao tudi li ndn ting cia gia dinh, lft tfti sin vfl gii, ngudn luc quan trpng cho su phit tridn xa bdi Vi thd, chftm sdc vft phit huy td't vai trd cia ngudi eao tudi li thd hiftn bftn chit tdt dep cia chd dd ta vi li dao ddc cia ngudi Viftt Nam Thi tudng Chfnh phi Chi thj 117/CP (1996) vd chftm sdc ngudi cao tudi vft hfl trp hoat ddng cho Hpi Ngudi cao tudi Viftt Nam Chi thj khang djnh: Kinh lao die thp la truydn thdng tdt dep cia nhftn dftn ta Dang vft Nhft nude la coi viftc quan tam, chftm sdc ddi sd'ng vftt chfti tinh thftn cia ngudi cao tudi Ift dao ly cia dan tde, li tinh cam vft trach nhiftm cia toftn Dang, toftn dftn vft cac cip chfnh quydn - Nam 2000, Nhft nudc ban hftnh Phap Iftnb Ngudi cao tudi Trong dd, quy djnh ngudi cao ludi dupe gia dinh, Nhi nude vft xa hpi phung duong, chftm soc (Dieu 2), dd nha'n manh vai trd eua gia dinh Ngfty 26/3/2002, Thi ludng Chinh phi da ban bftnh Nghj djnh sd 30/2002/ND quy djnh vft budng din thi hftnh mpt sd didu cia Phap Iftnh Ngudi cao tuoi - Ngay 23/11/2009, Qud'c hpi khoa XX, ky hpp thd da thflng qua Luat Ngudi cao tudi - Luat Ngudi cao ludi cd hiftu lue kd ttt thing 7/2010 da quy djnh ve quydn vft nghia vu cia Ngudi cao tudi, trach nhiftm eua gia dinh, Nhft nudc va xa hpi viftc phung dudng, chftm sdc vft phat buy vai trd Ngudi eao ludi, dac biet ddi vdi id chdc Hdi Ngudi eao tudi Viet Nam - Nghj djnh 6/2011/ND-CP Chfnh phi ngfty 14/01/2011 qui djnb chi liet vft hudng dftn mdt sd didu eua Luftt Ngudi eao ludi Thdng tu 21/201 l/TT-BTC ngfty 18/02/2011 cua Bp Tfti chlnb quy dinh quan Iy vft s i dung kinh phi chftm sdc sdc khoe ban diu cho ngudi cao tudi tai noi cu tru, chuc thp, miing thp vi bidu duPng, khen Ihudng ngudi cao ludi Vd phia Nhft nudc, cic cft'p chi'nh quydn ddu lap Ban cflng tie Ngudi eao tudi de tham muu eho Dang vft Nhft nudc td chdc eae boat dpng cham lo vft phat huy vai trd Ngudi cao ludi cac cft'p Trong cac ehi truong, chinh saeh cua Nha nudc vd ngudi cao ludi thi Phdp linh Ngudi cao tudi dupe Uy ban Thudng vu Qud'c hdi thdng qua TAP CHfTAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 87 28/4/2000 Chi tich Qudc hdi Ndng Ddc Manh ky li mdt van ban phip quy quan trpng vd chim sdc vi bio vft ngudi cao tudi nudc ta Chinh sdch vi ngudi tdn tdt - Dif thio Luit Ngudi khuyfti tit trinh Iftn Qudc HOi, Co quan chu tri soan thio BO Lao ddng - Thuong binh vft Xi hOi - Chfnh phi Viftt Nam d i thdng qua vft thuc thi nhidu luit, chfnh sich, quy djnh vi sing kidn liftn quan dft'n ngudi khuydt tit, kd ci quydn tidp cftn viftc Iftm bdn vihig vi hidu qui, dd phii kd ddn nhttng van bin chi ydu sau: -I- Hidn phip Nudc COng hda Xi hOi Chu nghia Viet Nam dupc Qudc HOi thdng qua nam 1992 vi sia ddi nam 2001 Viftc bio vft ngudi khuydt tftt dupc nftu tai Didu 59 vft 67 + BO Luftt Lao dOng (naml994) Phin 111 cia BO Luit quy djnh vd viftc Iftm cho ngudi khuydt tftt tai co quan vft doanh nghiftp Didu 123 nftu chi tiftu 2% dft'n 3% life lupng lao dOng doanh nghiftp phii li ngudi khuyfti tftt + Phip Iftnh Ngudi Khuyfti tftt (1998) Didu nghiftm cSm mpi hftnh vi pbftn biet ddi x i hoac ngupc dii ngudi khuydt tftt + Ban Didu phd'i Qud'c gia vd vin dd Ngudi khuydt tat (2001) •I- Luat Dfto tao Nghd (nftm 2006) + BO Quy chuin vft Tieu chuin vd tift'p cftn ddi vdi ngudi khuyfti tftt (2002), dua nhttng tiftu chuin liftp can cftp quftic gia + Dd an Trp giup Ngudi Khuyfti tat cia CTii'nh phi giai doan 2006 2010 Dupc phft duyet thing 10 nam 2006 Dd in dua phuong phip tidp can toin dien ddi vdi vin dd ngudi khuydt tat vdi viftc md rOng ddi tuong tham gia dd an vft cd sir tham gia cia nhidu bO nginh liftn quan Mdt nhttng chfnh sich quan trpng cia Dang vi Nhi nude ddi vdi ngudi tin tat Ift Phip Iftnh vd ngudi tin lit duoc Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi thdng qua ngiy 30/7/1998 Chinh sdch vi tre em - Ngiy 13 thing nam 2007, Chfnh phi da ban hinh nghi djnh sd 67/2007/ND-CP quy djnh vd ehft dp trp giup cic ddi lupng bao trp xa hpi Theo dd hiu hfti tre em md cdi, tre em bj bd roi, tre em tin tat nang, tre em bi HIV/AIDS ddu dupc hudng trp cip vdi mdc tdi thidu li 120 nghin ddng vft cao nhfti li 360 nghin ddng - Chinh sich trp giup giio due vftin dd hpc tap cia tre em dac biftt khd khan da dupe dd cftp ddn Luftt Phd cftp gifto due lieu hpc (1991) TAP CHITAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 - Thi tudng Chfnh Phi da cd Quydt dinh sd 62/2005/QD-Trg cia Thu ludng Chi'nh phi ngiy 24 thing nftm 2005 vd chi'nh sich hd trp thuc hiftn phd cip giio due trung hpc co sd Trong nftm qua (2001 - 2007), bft thdng giio due trd em khuyftt tat da dupc hinh thftnh, ddn 63 linh, thftnh phd ci nudc da binh thftnh ban chi dao giio due trd em khuyfti tat ttt cftp tinh ddn cftp huyftn - Chinh sich vd y lft', chinh hinh phuc hdi chttc nang dd cham sdc sdc khod cho nhttng ngudi nghdo, tre em ed hoin canh dac biftt Anh 2: Gidp dd tre em nghio di cdcudc sd'ng tdt han Nguin: Anh internet thing 412012 - Nam 2002, Thi ludng Chinh phi lai ban hinh Quydt djnh sd 139/ 2002/QD-Trg vd viftc kham, chtta benh cho ngudi ngheo - Chinh phi cung cd Nghj dinh sd 63/2005/ND-CP cia Chi'nb phi ban lianh kem theo dieu le Bao hidm y lft, dd, xac djnh Ire em ngheo, tre em hoftn canh dac biftl dupc budng trp cftp xa hdi hang thing, dupc cft'p the BHYT vdi mftnh gia nhu ddi tuong bat bupe tham gia BHYT; quydn lpi khim chtta benh dupc md rpng, nhai Ift Ire em bj nhiftm HIV/AIDS - Chinh saeh miftn phi kham chtta bftnh eho toftn bp tie em dudi ludi - Chinh sich bd tro hoe nghd, lao viec Iftm, Bd Tfti chi'nh vi Uy ban BVCS TE (trudc day) da cd thdng tu sd 69/TTLB liftn tjch ngfty 04/10/199'/ "Hudng dftn npi dung vft djnh mdc chi cua chuong trinh chftm sdc va bao vft tre TAP CHf TAM I t HOC Sn fin 591 - 89 - Giio due hda nhap tim nhin tdi nftm 2015 Chfnh phi dftt mtic tidu thuc biftn giio due hda nhip cho tit ci trd em khuydt tit vfto nftm 2015 Trong cic chfnh sich cia Ding vft Nhft nudc vd cham sdc vi bio vft trd em, thi Ludt Bdo vi, chdm sdc vd gido due tre em Ift mdt van ban quan U-png Luftt dut?c Qud'c hdi nudc COng hda XS hdi chi nghia Viftt Nam thdng qua, sd 25/i2004/QHl I ngfty 15 thing nam 2004 Luftt nfty can cd vfto Hidn phip nudc COng hoi xi hdi chi nghia Viet Nam nam 1992 da dupc sia ddi, bd sung theo Nghi quydt sO 51/2001/QHlb ngiy 25 thing 12 nam 2001 cia Qu6c hOi khoi X, ky hpp thd 10 Nhin xdt chung: - Nhd nudc ta dd ky cdc cdng udc qud'c tiddi vdi cdc nhdm xa hdi yiu Ihivd hiin tlufc hod cdc cdng Udc ndy hodn cdnh Ihitc tiin d Viit Nam - Trong nhiing ndm qua Ddng vd Nhd nudc la dd ban hdnh nhiiu chd iritang, chinh sdch ddi vdi cdc nhdm xd hdi yi'u thi', ddc biit Id ddi vdi ngudi cao tuin, ngitdi khuyet tdt, Ire em (nhd't Id tre em nghio, lang thang, tdt nguyin, md cdi ) Cd thi neu mdt sd diim quan trpng cdc chinh sdch cda Ddng vd Nhd nttdc dd ban hdnh ddi vdi cdc nhdm xd hdi yiu the a nudc ta: + Khdng dinh viic chdm sdc vd phdt huy vai trd ctia cdc nhdm xd hdi yi'u llietd Irdch nhiim cda gia dinh, Nhd nttdc vd lodn xa hdi Id dqo ly tdt dep cua ddn Idc ta cd lit nhiiu the he -V Cdn phdi chdm sdc site khoe, vdt chdt vd tinh thdn cho nhitng ngudi thudc cdc nhdm yen thi + Chdm sdc, tqo diiu kien vd cho ngudi yen the tham gia cdc hoqt ddng van hod, gido due, thi due, thi thao + Bdo tra thu nhdp cho nhiing ngitdi thudc cdc nhdm ye'u thi + Phdt buy vai trd cua nhiing nguifi yi-u thi gia dinh, cdng ddng vd xdhdi Tai lieu Iham khao Bui Thft Cudng Trong mien an sinh xd htii- Nghiin cim vi tudi gid Viit Nam, NXB Dai hoc Qufl'c gia Ha Nfli Dam Httu Die, Ca sd ly ludn vay dinig, phdl trii'n hi thing chinh sdch phiic lai xd hpi vd dich vu xd hpi vdi ngudi cao tudi a \ let Nam dii'u kiin phdl trien kinh ti tin trudng vi hii nhip qud'c ti, Lao dflng xa hfli, 2008 90 TAP CHl TAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 Dam Httu Die, Thuc trqng, phuang hudng gidi phip xdy difng vd hoin thiin hi Ihdng chinh sdch bdo hiim xd hii, hicu trt vd bdo him y tiddi vdi ngudi cao ludi, Lao dftng xa hai, 2008 Tmdng Dai hpc Lao dflng xa hfli, Di tii "Ca sd ly ludn xdy difng, phdl triin hi thing chinh sdch phiic lai xd hdi vd dich vu xd hii ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi d Viit Nam dii'u kiin phdt trien kinh tithi trudng vi hii nhip qudc ti" H i Nfli, 2008 Trucmg Dai hpc Lao dflng xa h(5i, Di tii 'Thuc rrqng, phuang hudng, gidi phdp xiy dirng va hoin thien hi thdng chinh sich bdo hiim xd hdi huu Irl vi bdo hiim y tedii vdi ngirdi eao tudi" Ha Nfli, 2008 htlp:/M.wikipedia.on!Aviki/NE/C6/B0/El/BIWDi khuv/EI/BA/BFt irEI/BA/Adt-cite nole-2 7.hitp:/M.wikipedia.oiWwiki/Ne/C6/B0/El/BEBDi khuv/El/BA/BR l/El/BA/ADl-cile nole-3 8.him:/M.wikiDedia.org/wiki/Ni>/C6/B0/EI/Ba9Di kliuv/EI/BA/BFl l/El/BA/ADl-cile nole4 TAPCHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 91 ... irEI/BA/Adt-cite nole-2 7.hitp:/M.wikipedia.oiWwiki/Ne/C6/B0/El/BEBDi khuv/El/BA/BR l/El/BA/ADl-cile nole-3 8.him:/M.wikiDedia.org/wiki/Ni>/C6/B0/EI/Ba9Di kliuv/EI/BA/BFl l/El/BA/ADl-cile nole4... internet thing 412012 - Nam 2002, Thi ludng Chinh phi lai ban hinh Quydt djnh sd 139/ 2002/QD-Trg vd viftc kham, chtta benh cho ngudi ngheo - Chinh phi cung cd Nghj dinh sd 63/2005/ND-CP cia Chi'nb... Ngudi eao tudi Viet Nam - Nghj djnh 6/2011/ND-CP Chfnh phi ngfty 14/01/2011 qui djnb chi liet vft hudng dftn mdt sd didu eua Luftt Ngudi eao ludi Thdng tu 21/201 l/TT-BTC ngfty 18/02/2011 cua