HƯỚNG DẪN KHAI THÁC HẢI ĐỒ HÀNG HẢI (Nautical Chart Users Manual)

NAUTICAL CHART USER’S MANUAL U.S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service Washington, DC, 1997 Table of Contents i TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgments ix Chapter Introduction Background 1-1 The Nautical Chart User's Manual 1-3 Organization of this Manual 1-4 Relevant Facts, Statistics, and Products 1-5 Purpose of the Nautical Chart 1-7 How Does a Nautical Chart Differ from a Map? 1-8 –An Illustrative Chart 1-8 –An Illustrative Map 1-10 User Groups 1-10 Efficiency of Chart Compared to Text 1-12 Chart Distribution—Where to Purchase Charts 1-13 –Mail Order Sales 1-13 –Authorized Chart Agents 1-13 –The Nautical Chart Catalog 1-13 Chart Prices and Related Matters 1-13 Chart Demand 1-15 ECDIS, The End of the Paper Era? 1-16 Chart-Related Publications 1-17 –Chart No 1-17 –Chart Catalogs 1-17 –Dates of Latest Editions 1-17 –Notice to Mariners 1-17 –Local Notice to Mariners 1-19 –U S Coast Pilot 1-20 –Light List 1-20 –Tide Tables and Tidal Current Tables 1-21 The Track Ahead 1-21 Chapter General Information and Overview Introduction 2-1 Chart No 2-1 Schematic Layout of a Nautical Chart 2-2 Number, Title, and Marginal Notes (A) 2-2 Latticed Charts (A) 2-6 Edition (A) 2-6 Reconstructed, Provisional, and Preliminary Charts 2-6 –Importance of Current and Corrected Charts 2-8 Source Diagram (A) 2-9 Neatline Dimensions (A) 2-9 ii NOAA Chart User's Manual Chapter General Information and Overview (cont'd.) Chart Title, Authorities Note, and Seal (A) 2-9 Projection and Scale (A) 2-9 –Projections 2-9 –Chart Scale 2-11 –Chart Types 2-13 –A Mix of Charts Necessary 2-14 A Brief Aside, Chart Storage and Care—Rollers versus Folders 2-16 Linear and Logarithmic Speed Scales (A) 2-17 Notes and Cautions 2-18 Chart Overlap, Insets, and Related Matters 2-19 Measures to Minimize Confusion: The Chartmaker's Perspective 2-19 Measures to Minimize Confusion: The Navigator's Role 2-21 Latitude, Longitude, Regular, and Skewed Projections 2-25 Depth Units and Vertical Datum 2-25 Horizontal Datum 2-26 Relevance of Horizontal Datum 2-26 Direction and Magnetics (B) 2-27 Compass Roses (B70) 2-27 Local Magnetic Disturbance Notes 2-27 Isogonic Lines (B 71) 2-29 Additional Information 2-29 Lettering Styles (Vertical versus Slant Type) 2-31 Use of Color on Charts 2-31 Symbols and Abbreviations 2-31 Use of Charts 2-31 Chapter Topography and Related Information Introduction and Overview 3-1 Utility of this Information and Implications for Chart Design 3-2 Coastline/Shoreline (C - C 8) 3-3 –Shoreline Plane of Reference 3-4 –Apparent Shoreline (C 32, C 33) 3-4 –Approximate or Unsurveyed Shoreline (C 2) 3-4 –Flat Coast (C 5) 3-4 –Steep Coast–Bluff; Cliff (C 3) 3-4 –Surveyed Coastline (C 1) 3-5 –Other Shoreline Types 3-5 –Foreshore 3-5 –Chart Sounding Datum Line (C a) 3-5 –Approximate Sounding Datum Line (C b) 3-5 –Breakers 3-5 –Grass 3-5 –Mud/Sand/Stone or Gravel/Sand and Mud/Sand and Gravel/Rock/Coral/Rubble 3-5 –Illustration 3-6 Elevation and Relief Data 3-6 –Land Contours C 10) 3-6 –Approximate Contour Lines (C 12) 3-9 –Peaks (C 10, C 11) and Treetop Elevations (C 14) 3-9 –Hachures 3-9 –Height of Object 3-10 –An Aside: Indirect Use of Terrain Information 3-10 Table of Contents Chapter iii Topography and Related Information (cont'd.) Inland Waters 3-12 –Glaciers (C 25) 3-12 –Intermittent Rivers and Streams (C 21) 3-12 –Lakes and Ponds (C 23); Lagoons (C h) 3-12 –Rapids and Waterfalls (C 22) 3-12 –Rivers and Streams (C 20) 3-12 –Salt Pan (C 24) 3-12 Trees 3-12 Lava Flow (C 26) 3-12 Vegetation (C o, C j, C l, C i, C m, C n, C k, C 30) 3-12 Marshes and Swamps (C 32, C 33) 3-13 Ports and Harbors 3-13 –Berthing Structures 3-13 –Additional Sources 3-16 Erosion–Control Structures 3-17 –Breakwater (F 4.1) 3-17 –Groins (F 6.1, F 6.2, F 6.3) 3-17 –Jetties (F a, F b, F c) 3-17 –Seawall (F 2.1, F 2.2) 3-17 –Dikes and Levees (F 1) 3-17 –Additional Sources 3-18 Docks and Tidal Basins 3-18 –Dry Dock, Graving Dock (F 25) 3-18 –Tidal Basin (F 28) 3-18 –Wet Dock (F 27) 3-18 –Additional Sources 3-18 Bridges (D 22 – D 24, D d, D e) 3-18 –Bridge Symbols (D 22 - D 24, D d, D e) and Related 3-19 –Hazards Under Bridges 3-20 –Bridge Clearances (D 20, D 21) 3-21 –Names 3-22 –VHF Radio Capability 3-22 –Additional Sources 3-22 –Illustration 3-22 Locks and Other Barriers 3-23 –Locks (F 41.1, F 41.2) 3-23 –Floodgates, Sills, and Miscellaneous Other 3-24 Landing and Launching Sites 3-24 –Marine Railway (F 23) 3-24 –Ramps (F 23) 3-24 Artificial Features 3-24 –Roads and Related 3-24 –Cable Ferry (M 51) 3-24 –Canal (F 40) 3-25 –Dam (F 44) 3-25 –Ditch (F 40) 3-25 –Pipelines on Land (D 29) 3-25 –Railroads (D b) 3-25 –Roads and Road Patterns (D 1, D 2, D 10, D 11, D a) 3-25 –Trails (D 12) 3-25 –Tunnel Entrances (D 16) 3-26 iv NOAA Chart User's Manual Chapter Topography and Related Information (cont'd.) Buildings and Structures –Airports (D 17, N e) –Buildings (D 5, D 6, E d, F 61, F 62.2, F 63) and Tanks (E 32) –Illustration –Cemeteries (E 19) –Church Buildings (E 10.1 - E 18) –Hospitals (F 62.2) –Urban Screen Miscellaneous Stations –USCG Stations (T 10, T 11) –Fireboat Station (T d) –Marine Police Stations (T c) –Pilot Stations (T 3) Overhead Cables and Crossings (D 26, D 27) –Overhead Cable Cars (D 26) Land Boundaries and Limits Key Points and Miscellaneous Comments Concluding Comments Chapter 3-26 3-26 3-26 3-27 3-27 3-27 3-27 3-27 3-27 3-28 3-29 3-29 3-30 3-30 3-30 3-30 3-30 3-32 Hydrography and Related Information Introduction and Overview 4-1 –A Brief Aside: Dual Units 4-1 Utility of Hydrographic and Related Information 4-2 Hydrographic Information 4-3 –Common Plane of Reference and Survey Scales 4-3 –Source Diagrams 4-5 Soundings 4-5 –The Soundings Selection Challenge 4-6 –Selection Criteria for Soundings to be Charted 4-7 –Charting Practices 4-10 Depth curves (Section I of Chart No 1) 4-10 –Charting Practices 4-12 –Symbol 4-13 –Labels 4-13 –Shallow Water Tint(s) 4-13 –Improved (Artificial) Channels 4-13 –Symbols 4-15 Bottom Characteristics 4-15 Specific Hazards to Navigation 4-15 Danger Curve (K 1) 4-18 –Charting Practices 4-18 –Labels and Notes 4-18 Rocks (K 10-17, a, b, f) 4-18 –Charting Practices 4-23 –Rocks Symbols and Labels 4-23 –Bare Rock ( 10) 4-23 –Rocks Which Cover and Uncover (K 11) 4-23 –Rocks Awash at the Level of Chart Datum (K 12) 4-23 –Sunken Rocks (K 2, 13) 4-23 –Doubtful Danger Labels 4-24 Shoals (K b, O 25) 4-24 –Charting Practices 4-26 Table of Contents Chapter v Hydrography and Related Information (cont'd.) Ledges and Reefs (Various) 4-26 –Charting Practices 4-26 Foul Area (K 31) 4-26 –Charting Practices 4-27 –Symbol (K 31) 4-27 –Label(s) and Notes 4-27 Wrecks and Hulks (K 20-31) 4-27 –Charting Practices 4-27 –Symbols, Labels, and Tints 4-27 –Wrecks Marked by Buoys 4-28 Obstructions (K 40-42) 4-28 –Charting Practices 4-29 –Symbols and Labels 4-29 Natural Dangers (K 43.2) 4-29 Fish Havens Regulated by State and Federal Permits (K 46.1, K 46.2) 4-29 –Charting Practices 4-29 Miscellaneous Hazards 4-30 Unexploded Ordnance 4-30 –Charting Practices 4-30 –Symbols 4-30 –Labels and Notes 4-30 Unsurveyed Area (I 25) 4-30 –Charting Practices 4-31 Dangerous Water Conditions (Various) 4-31 –Charting Practices 4-31 –Symbols 4-31 –Labels and Notes 4-31 Submarine Pipeline and Cables (L 30.1—44 4-32 –Submarine Pipelines (L 40.1, 40.2, 41.1, 41.2, 43, 44) 4-32 –Individual Pipelines 4-32 –Pipeline Areas 4-33 –Submarine Cables (L 30.1, 30.2, L 31.1, L 32) 4-33 –Individual Cables 4-33 –Cable Areas 4-34 Other Relevant Sources of Information 4-34 U.S Coast Pilot 4-34 Tide Tables and Tidal Current Tables 4-35 Notice to Mariners 4-35 Local Notice to Mariners 4-35 Concluding Remarks 4-35 Chapter Aids to Navigation Introduction and Overview 5-1 Brief Historical Asides 5-2 Importance of ATONs in Coastal Navigation 5-2 Importance of Positive Identification and Related Matters 5-2 ATONs and Related Chart Information (General) 5-4 vi NOAA Chart User's Manual Chapter Aids to Navigation (cont'd.) Lights 5-6 –Charting Practices 5-7 –Symbol (P) 5-7 –Labels and Notes 5-7 –Sectors and Related Matters 5-11 –Directional Lights 5-11 –Leading Light 5-14 –Aeronautical Lights 5-14 –Articulated Lights 5-14 –Strobe Lights 5-14 –Riprap 5-15 Supplemental Information Regarding Lights and Other ATONs 5-15 –The U.S Coast Guard Light List 5-15 –The U.S Coast Pilot 5-16 –Published Guides and Other Books 5-16 Buoys 5-17 –A Brief Digression: Position Fixing with Buoys 5-18 –Charting Practices 5-20 –Symbols (Q) 5-20 –Charted Characteristics 5-23 –Channel Buoys 5-25 –Junction Buoys 5-26 –Midchannel Buoys 5-26 Fog Signals (R) 5-26 –Charting Practices 5-27 –Labels and Notes 5-27 Daybeacons (Q) 5-28 –Charting Practices 5-29 –Daybeacon Symbols 5-29 –Daybeacon Labels 5-29 Ranges (M) 5-31 –Charting Practices 5-32 –Symbol (M 1) 5-32 –Range Labels 5-32 –Dredging Ranges 5-32 –Natural Ranges 5-32 Radiobeacons and Related Aids (S) 5-32 –Charting Practices 5-34 –Symbol (S 1) 5-34 –Labels 5-34 –Aeronautical Radiobeacons 5-35 Miscellaneous Related Information 5-35 –Measured Course (Q 122) 5-35 Concluding Remarks 5-36 Chapter Landmarks Introduction and Overview 6-1 Importance of Landmarks in Coastal Navigation 6-1 Types of Landmark 6-3 Objects Not Normally Depicted as Landmarks 6-6 Table of Contents Chapter vii Landmarks (cont'd.) How Landmarks Are Depicted on the Chart 6-7 –Symbols 6-7 –Labels 6-9 –Other Sources of Landmark Information 6-11 Practical Pointers and Limitations Relevant to Landmarks 6-12 –Pointers 6-12 –Selecting Landmarks For Use 6-12 –Limitations 6-15 Concluding Comments 6-19 Chapter Areas, Limits, Tracks, and Routes Introduction and Overview 7-1 Utility of This Information 7-1 Federally Regulated Areas (N 1.2, N 2.2, N 31) 7-2 –Regulated Navigation Areas 7-2 –Danger Area 7-2 –Seaplane Restricted Areas/Seaplane Operating Areas (N 13, N 14) 7-2 –Restricted Area (N 20) 7-3 –Safety Zones/Defense Areas/Security Zones 7-3 –Relevance to the Mariner 7-5 –Charting Practices 7-5 –Symbol (e.g., N 1.2, N 2.2, N 31) 7-5 –Labels and Notes 7-5 –Examples 7-7 –Illustrative Regulations 7-8 –Summary 7-10 Civil Reservations 7-10 –Charting Practices 7-10 –Symbol (N 22) 7-10 –Labels and Notes 7-10 –Relevance to the Mariner 7-10 Federally Regulated Anchorage Areas/Grounds 7-11 –Anchorage Grounds 7-11 –Special Anchorage Areas 7-12 –Fairway Anchorages 7-12 –Relevance to the Mariner 7-12 –Charting Practices 7-14 –Symbol (e.g., N 11.1 - N 20) 7-14 –Label 7-14 –Notes 7-14 Nonfederally Regulated Anchorages (N 12.1) 7-15 Harbors of Refuge (N 10) 7-16 Dumping/Disposal Areas 7-16 –EPA–Established Dumping Areas (N 24, N c, N d, N g) 7-17 –Navy–Established Dumping Areas 7-17 –U.S Army Corps of Engineers Areas 7-17 –Dumping Grounds (N c) 7-18 –Relevance to the Mariner 7-18 –Illustration 7-18 viii NOAA Chart User's Manual Chapter Areas, Limits, Tracks, and Routes (cont'd.) COLREGS Demarcation Line (N a) 7-20 –Charting Practices 7-20 –Symbol (N a) 7-20 –Label 7-20 Degaussing Range (N 25) 7-21 Maritime Boundaries 7-21 –International Boundaries (N 40, N 41) 7-21 –Exclusive Economic Zone (N 47) 7-21 –Closing Line/Three Nautical Mile Line/ Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone (N 42, N 43, N 44) 7-22 Traffic Separation Schemes and Related Matters 7-24 –Notes 7-29 –Additional Information 7-29 –Relevance to the Mariner 7-30 –Smaller Vessels 7-30 Course Lines 7-31 Courses7-32 Concluding Comments 7-32 Appendix A Glossary A-1 Appendix B Abbreviations Part I Part II Part III Part IV Index of Abbreviations (Section V of Chart No 1) B-1 Index of Abbreviations—Supplementary National Abbreviations (Section V of Chart No 1) B-6 International Abbreviations (Section W of Chart No 1) B-9 Abbreviations used this Manual, NM, LNM, Light List, Broadcast Notice To Mariners, Nautical Chart Catalog, or Dates of Latest Editions B-11 Preface and Acknowledgments ix PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many products are sold with user’s manuals Some, such as those for an aircraft, automobiles, or pieces of electronic equipment, are quite voluminous and complex Others are more modest A “patented insect destruction” novelty device sold several years ago consisted of only two small wooden blocks Even this novelty device came with a user’s manual; it consisted of a single sheet of paper with the following instruction, “place insect on face of one block and firmly place second block on top of first block.” Generally speaking, the more sophisticated and important the item, the more elaborate the user’s manual The modern nautical chart is reasonably complex and certainly an essential tool for the mariner Yet, aside from passing mention in textbooks on navigation and the publication of Chart No 1, no user’s manual had been published for the nautical chart Arguably, such a publication is long overdue This manual explains what is presented on the nautical chart, highlights the utility of this information, describes the charting conventions used to depict features and items of interest, and provides some practical pointers on how this information is used It is written to serve many types of users, ranging from operators of recreational vessels to those who drive “heavy iron.” Abundant photographs and chart excerpts illustrate key points made in the text All chart excerpts were current as of spring 1995 Since this manual was published, some charts may have been revised Even if these specific charts have been revised, the general points remain valid It almost goes without saying that these chart excerpts should not be used for navigational purposes This manual also identifies other publications, such as the U.S Coast Pilot, Tide Tables, Tidal Current Tables, Notices to Mariners, and the U.S Coast Guard's Light List which give additional relevant information to chart users Excerpts from these publications are also provided in the manual As with chart excerpts, these may also have been revised The writing style is less formal than that employed in many government publications— designed to make the manual more “userfriendly” in today’s vernacular The manual is authoritative, but not encyclopedic To keep the manual to a manageable size, only the most important topics are included This is a chart user’s manual, and not a textbook on seamanship or navigation Nonetheless, nautical charts are used principally for navigational purposes and, therefore, some basic elements of the theory and practice of navigation are included in this manual References that provide additional and more detailed discussions of relevant aspects of navigation are included at the end of each chapter Inclusion of these references in this manual does not mean that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or any other agency of the U.S government DISTRIBUTION BRANCH, N/ACC33 NATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE RIVERDALE, MD 20737-1199 DISTRIBUTION BRANCH, N/ACC33 NATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE RIVERDALE, MD 20737-1199 DISTRIBUTION BRANCH, N/ACC33 NATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE RIVERDALE, MD 20737-1199 Appendix B–Abbreviations APPENDIX B–1 B PART I INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS (Section V of Chart No 1) Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ A AERO, Aero Aero light P 60 AERO RBn Aeronautical radiobeacon S 16 Aero RC Aeronautical radiobeacon S 16 Al Alternating P 10.11 ALP Articulated Loading Platform L 12 Alt Alternating P 10.11 Am Amber P 11.8 anc Ancient O 84 ANCH, Anch Anchorage N 20, O 21 approx Approximate O 90 Apprs Approaches O 22 B B Bay, bayou O Bdy Mon Boundary monument B 24 bk Broken J 33 Bkw Breakwater F 4.1 B l Blue P 11.4 BM Bench mark B 23 Bn Beacon O Bn Tr Beacon tower O B r Breakers K 17 brg Bearing B 62 Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ brk Broken J 33 Bu Blue P 11.4 C c Course J 32 C Can, cylindrical Q 21 C Cove O CALM Centenary Anchor Leg Mooring L 16 Cas Castle E 34.2 Cb Cobbles J Cbl Cable B 46 Cd Candela B 54 CD Chart datum H Cem Cemetery E 19 CG Coast Guard station T 10 Chan Channel O 14 Ch Church E10.1 Chy Chimney E 22 Cl Clay J CL Clearance D 20, D 21 cm Centimeter(s) B 43 Co Coral J 10 Co rf Coral reef O 26 Cr Creek O B–2 NOAA Chart User's Manual PART I INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS (Section V of Chart No 1) _ Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ crs Course J 32 Cup, Cup Cupola E 10.4 Cus Ho Customs House F 61 Cy Clay J fm Fathom B 48 fms Fathoms B 48 fne Fine J 30 Fog Det Lt Fog detector light P 62 Fog Sig Fog signal R F P Flagpole E 27 FS, FS Flagstaff E 27 ft Foot, feet B 47 D D Destroyed O 94 Destr Destroyed O 94 dev Deviation B 67 DIA, Dia Diaphone R 11 Dir Direction P 30, P 31 dist Distant O 85 dm Decimeter(s) B 42 Dn Dolphin F 20 Dol Dolphin F 20 DW Deep Water route M 27.1, N 12.4 D Z Danger Zone Q 50 E E East, eastern B 10 E D Existence doubtful I E E Z Exclusive Economic Zone N 47 E Int Equal interval, isophase P 10.3 Entr Entrance O 16 Est Estuary O 17 exper Experimental O 93 Explos Explosive R 10 Exting, exting Extinguished P 55 F f Fine J 30 F Fixed P 10.1 Fd Fjord O F Fl Fixed and flashing P 10.10 F I S H Fishing N 21 F l Flashing P 10.4 Fla Flare stack L 11 G G Gravel J G Green P 11.3 G Gulf O Gp Fl Group flashing P 10.4 GP Occ Group occulting P 10.2 H h Hard .J 39 h Hour B 49 H Pilot transferred by helicopter T 1.4 HAT Highest astronomical tide H Hbr Mr Harbormaster F 60 Historic Wk Historic wreck N 26 Hk Hulk F 34 Hor Horizontally disposed P 15 Hor Cl Horizontal clearance D 21 Hosp Hospital F 62.2 hr Hour B 49 hrd Hard .J 39 I IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities Q 130 in Inlet O10 Intens Intensified P 45 Int Qk Fl Interrupted quick flashing P 10.6 IQ Interrupted quick flashing P 10.6 Appendix B—Abbreviations B–3 PART I INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS (Section V of Chart No 1) Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ I Qk Fl Interrupted quick flashing P 10.6 Iso Isophase P 10.3 IUQ Interrupted ultra quick P 10.8 MHLW Mean higher low water H 14 MHW Mean high water H MHWN Mean high water neaps H 11 MHWS Mean high water springs H Mi Nautical mile(s) B 45 mn Minute of time B 50 Mk Mark Q 101 MLHW Mean lower high water H 15 MLLW Mean lower low water H 12 MLW Mean low water H MLWN Mean low water neaps H 10 MLWS Mean low water springs H mm Millimeter(s) B 44 Mo Morse P 10.9 MON, Mon, Mon Monument B 24, E 24 MSL Mean sea level H Mt Mountain O 32 Mth Mouth O 19 K km Kilometer(s) B 40 kn Knot(s) B 52 L L Loch, lough, lake O Lag Lagoon O LANBY LargeAutomaticNavigationalBuoy P Lat, lat Latitude B LASH Lighter aboard ship G 184 LAT Lowest astronomical tide H Ldg Landing F 17 Ldg Leading P 21 Le Ledge O 28 L Fl Long flashing P 10.5 Lndg Landing F 17 LNG Liquified natural gas G 185 Long, long Longitude B LOP Line of position S 21, S 31, S 41 LPG Liquified petroleum gas G 186 L S S Life saving station T 12 Lt Light P Lt Ho Lighthouse P Lt V Light vessel O M m Meter(s) B 41 m Minute(s) of time B 50 m Medium (in relation to sand) J 31 M Mud, muddy J M Nautical mile(s) B 45 mag Magnetic B 61 MHHW Mean higher high water H 13 N N North, northern B N Nun Q 20 N E Northeast B 13 NM Nautical mile(s) B 45 N Mi Nautical mile(s) B 45 No Number N 12.2 NP Neap tide H 17 NW Northwest B 15 NWS SIG S TA Weather signal station T 29 O Obsc Obscured P Obscd Obscured P Obs spot Observation spot B Obstn Obstruction K 40, K 41, K 43 43 21 42 B–4 NOAA Chart User's Manual PART I INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS (Section V of Chart No 1) _ Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ Obstr Obstruction K 41 Oc Occulting P 10.2 Occ Occulting P 10.2 Occas Occasional P 50 ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System Q 58 Or Orange P 11.7 Ra Ref Radar reflector S RBn Circular radiobeacon S 10 RC Circular radiobeacon S 10 Rd Roads, roadstead O 22 RD Directional radiobeacon S 11 R D F Radio direction finding station S 14 Ref Refuge Q 124 Rep Reported I Rf Reef O 26 RG Radio direction finding station S 14 R k Rocky .J Rky Rocky .J R Mast Radio mast E 28 Ro Ro Roll on Roll off F 50 R Sta Coast radio station providing QTG services S 15 R Tower Radio tower E 29 Ru Ruins D 8, F 33.1 RW Rotating radiobeacon S 12 P P Pebbles J P Pillar Q 23 PA Position approximate B Pass Passage, pass O 13 PD Position doubtful B PTL STA Pilot station T Pk Peak O 35 Post Off Post office F 63 Priv, priv Private P 65, Q 70 Prod well Production well L 20 PROHIB Prohibited N 2.2, N 20, N 21 Pyl Pylon D 26 Q Q Quick P 10.6 Qk Fl Quick flashing P 10.6 R R Coast radio station providing QTG services S 15 R Red P 11.2 R Rocky J Ra Radar reference line M 32 Ra (conspic) Radar conspicuous object S Ra Antenna Dish aerial E 31 Racon Radar transponder beacon S Radar Sc Radar scanner E 30.3 Radar Tr Radar tower E 30.2 Radome, Ra Dome Radar dome E 30.4 S S Sand J S South, southern B 11 S Spar, spindle Q 24 s Second of time B 51 SALM Single Anchor leg Mooring L 12 SBM Single Buoy Mooring L 16 Sc Scanner E 30.3 Sd Sound O 12 S D Sounding doubtful I S E Southeast B 14 sec Second of time B 51 sf Stiff J 36 sft Soft J 35 S H Shells J 12 Shl Shoal O 25 S i Silt J so Soft J 35 Appendix B—Abbreviations B–5 PART I INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS (Section V of Chart No 1) Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ Sp Spring tide H 16 S P Spherical Q 22 Sp Spire E 10.3 Spipe Standpipe E 21 SPM Single point mooring L 12 S S Signal station T 20 st Stones J stf Stiff J 36 stk Sticky J 34 Str Strait O 11 Subm Submerged O 93 Subm piles Submerged piles K 43.1 Subm ruins Submerged ruins F 33.2 sy Sticky J 34 S W Southwest B 16 T T True B 63 t Metric ton(s) B 53 Tel Telephone, telegraph D 27 Temp, temp Temporary P 54 T k Tank E 32 Tr, Tr., TR Tower E 10.2, E 20 T T Tree tops C 14 TV Mast Television mast E 28 TV Tower Television tower E 29 Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ U Uncov Uncovers K 11 UQ Ultra quick P 10.8 V v Volcanic J 37 var Variation B 60 Vert Vertically disposed P 15 Vert Cl Vertical clearance D 20 Vi Violet P 11.5 Vil Village D VLCC Very large crude carrier G 187 vol Volcanic J 37 VQ Very quick P 10.7 V Qk Fl Very quick flash P 10.7 W W West, western B 12 W White P 11.1 Wd Weed J 13.1 WGS .World Geodetic System S 50 Whf Wharf F 13 WHIS, Whis Whistle R 15 Wk Wreck K 20–23, K 26–27, K 30 Y Y Yellow P 11.6 B–6 NOAA Chart User's Manual PART II INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS— Supplementary National Abbreviations (Section V of Chart No 1) Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ A Apt Apartment E s B B Black Qq bk Black Jas bl Black Jas Blds Boulders Je br Brown Jaz Bu Blue Jau C Cap Capitol Et Ch Chocolate Jba Chec Checkered Qo ck Chalk Jf Cn Cinders Jp Co Company Eu Co Hd Coral head Ji COLREGS Collision regulations Na Corp Corporation Ev cps Cycles per second B j CRD Columbia River Datum Hj c/s Cycles per second B j Ct Ho Court house Eo D dec Decayed Jan deg Degree(s) Bn Di Diatoms Jaa Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ Diag Diagonal bands Qp Discol water Discolored water Ke dk Dark Jbd E Explos Anch Explosives anchorage Qk F Facty Factory Ed F Gp Fl Fixed and group flashing Pd fl Flood Hq fly Flinty Jao F r Foraminifera Jy Fu Fucus .Jaf G GAB, Gab Gable E i GCLWD Gulf Coast Low Water Datum Hk Gl Globigerina Jz glac Glacial Jap gn Green Jav Govt Ho Government house Em Grd Ground Ja Grs Grass Jv gty Gritty Jam GUN Fog gun Rd gy Gray Jbb H HECP Harbor entrance control point Tb Appendix B—Abbreviations B–7 PART II INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS—Supplementary National Abbreviations (Section V of Chart No 1) Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ HHW Higher high water Hb H S High school Eg ht Height Hp HW High water Hq HWF & C High water full and change Hh H z Hertz Bg MHz Megahertz B i Ml Marl Jc Mn Manganese Jq Mo Morse code Rf Ms Mussels J s MTL Mean Tide Level Hf I N in Inch Bc ins inches Bc Inst Institute En ISLW Indian springs low water Hg NAUTO Nautophone Rc K K Kelp Ju kc Kilocycle Bk kHz Kilohertz Bh kn Knot(s) Ho L La Lava Jl LLW Lower low water He LOOK TR Lookout tower T f lrg Large Jai lt Light Jbc Ltd Limited E r LW Low water Hc LWD Low water datum Hd LWF & C Low water full and change Hi M m2 Square meter(s) Ba m3 Cubic meter(s) Bb Ma Mattes Jag Magz Magazine E l Mc Megacycle(s) B l Mds Madrepores Jj O or Orange Jax Oys Oysters Jr Oz Ooze Jb P Pav Pavillion Ep Pm Pumice Jm Po Polyzoa Jad Pt Pteropods Jac Q Quar Quarantine Fd Qz Quartz .Jg R Rd Radiolaria Jab rd Red Jay rt Rotten Jaj R y Railway, railroad Db S Sc Scoriae Jo Sch Schist Jh Sch School Ef Sem Semaphore Tg Sh Shingle Jd B–8 NOAA Chart User's Manual PART II INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS—Supplementary National Abbreviations (Section V of Chart No 1) Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ S-LFl Short-long flashing Pb sml Small Jah Spg Sponge Jt Spi Spicules Jx spk Speckled Jal Stg Seatangle Jw St M Statute mile(s) Be St Mi Statute mile(s) Be Str Stream Hl str Streaky Jak S U B - B E L L Submarine fog bell Ra Subm crib Submerged crib K i SUB-OSC Submarine oscillator Rb Sub vol Submarine volcano Kd T T Telephone Eq,Qt T Short ton(s) Bm T Tufa Jn Tel Telegraph Qs Tel off Telegraph office E k ten Tenacious Jaq Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ U unev Uneven Jbf Univ University Eh us Microsecond(s) Bf usec Microsecond(s) Bf V vard Varied Jbe vel Velocity Hn vi Violet Jat Vol Ash Volcanic ash Jk W wh White Jar WHIS Whistle Qc Y yd Yard Bd yds Yards Bd yl Yellow Jaw Appendix B–Abbreviations B–9 PART III INTERNATIONAL ABBREVIATIONS (Section W of Chart No 1) Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ B Positions, Distances, tions, Compass RoRo Roll-on, Roll-off Ferry F 50 Direc- PA Position approximate B PD Position doubtful B N North B E East B 10 S South B 11 W West B 12 N E Northeast B 13 S E Southeast B 14 NW Northwest B 15 S W Southwest B 16 km Kilometer(s) B 40 m Meter(s) B 41 dm Decimeter(s) B 42 cm Centimeter(s) B 43 mm Millimeter(s) B 44 M Nautical mile(s), Sea mile(s) B 45 ft Foot/feet B 47 h Hour B 49 m, Minute(s) of time B 50 s, sec Second(s) of time B 51 kn Knot(s) B 52 I Depths E D Existence doubtful l S D Sounding doubtful l K Rocks, Wrecks, Obstructions B r Breakers K 17 WK Wreck K 20 Obstn Obstruction K 40 L Offshore Installations, Submarine Cables, Submarine Pipelines Fla Flare stack L 11 Pro Submerged Production L 20 Well Well M Tracks, Routes Ra Radar M 31 DW Deep Water M 27.2 N Areas, Limits t Ton(s) B 53 cd Candela (new candela) B 54 No Number N 12.2 DW Deep Water N 12.4 D Cultural Features O Hydrographic Terms Ru Ruin D SMt Seamount O 33 F Ports P Lights Lndg Landing for boats F 17 Lt Light P B–10 NOAA Chart User's Manual PART III INTERNATIONAL ABBREVIATIONS (Section W of Chart 1) _ Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ Abbreviation Meaning Symbol (if applicable) _ F Fixed P 10.1 Oc Occulting P 10.2 Iso Isophase P 10.3 F l Flashing P 10.4 ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System Q 58 Mk mark Q 101 IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities Q 130 L F l Long-flashing P 10.5 Q Quick P 10.6 R Fog Signals IQ Interrupted quick P 10.6 VQ Very quick P 10.7 IVQ Interrupted very quick P 10.7 Explos Explosive R 10 Dia Diaphone R 11 Whis Whistle R 15 UQ Ultra quick P 10.8 IUQ Interrupted ultra quick P 10.8 Mo Morse Code P 10.9 W white P 11.1 R red P 11.2 G green P 11.3 Bu blue P 11.4 Vi violet P 11.5 Y yellow/orange/Amber P 11.6 Or Orange P 11.7 Am Amber P 11.8 Ldg Leading light P 20.3 Dir Direction light P 30 occas occasional P 50 R lts Air obstruction lights P 61.2 priv private P 65 Fog Det Lt Fog detector light P 62 S Radar, Radio, Electronic Position-Fixing Systems Ra Coast Radar Station S Racon Radar transponder beacon S F Racon Radar transponder beacon, responding on a fixed frequency outside the marine band S 3.4 RC Circular (non-directional) marine radiobeacon S 10 RD Directional radiobeacon S 11 RW Rotating-pattern radiobeacon S 12 RG Radio direction-finding stations S 14 R QTG service, Coast radio stations S 15 Aero RC Aeronautical radiobeacon S 16 WGS World Geodetic System S 50 Aero Aeronautical P 60/61.1 T Services Q Buoys, Beacons D Z Danger Zone Q 50 S S Signal station T 20 I N T international T 21 Appendix B–Abbreviations B–11 PART IV ABBREVIATIONS USED THIS MANUAL, NM, LNM, LIGHT LIST, BROADCAST NOTICE TO MARINERS, NAUTICAL CHART CATALOG, OR DATES OF LATEST EDITIONS Abbreviation Meaning Abbreviation Meaning _ _ A ABAND Abandoned A/C Aircraft AERO RBN Aeronautical radiobeacon ANCH Anchorage ANCH PROHIB Anchorage prohibited ANMS Automated Notice to Mariners APPROX Approximate ART DBN Articulated daybeacon ART LT Articulated light ATLC Atlantic ATON Aids to Navigation AUTH Authorized AUTH CL Authorized Clearance AVG Average B B K W Breakwater BLDG Building BNM Broadcast Notice to Mariners BRG Bearing C C Can (C) Indicates chart has Loran-C TDs overprinted CFR Code of Federal Regulations CGUSACE Commanding General, U.S Army Corps of Engineers CHAN Channel COE Corps of Engineers COLREGS Collision Regulations COMDTINST Commandant Instruction COMDTPUB Commandant Publication CONT Continue COTP Captain of the Port CUP Cupola D D Indicates NAD 1983 added DEG Degrees (Temperature; geo pos) D E S T R Destroyed DGPS Differential Global Positioning System DIA Diameter DISCONTD Discontinued DMA Defense Mapping Agency DOD Department of Defense DR Dead Reckoning DW Deep Water Route E E New Edition ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems ED Edition ED Existence Doubtful E E Z Exclusive Economic Zone E F F Effect/Effective E L B Exposed Location Buoy ENTR Entrance EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency E S TA B Established EXPLOS ANCH Explosive Anchorage B–12 NOAA Chart User's Manual PART IV ABBREVIATIONSUSEDTHISMANUAL,NM,LNM,LIGHTLIST,BROADCASTNOTICETO MARINERS,NAUTICALCHARTCATALOG,ORDATESOFLATESTEDITIONS _ Abbreviation Meaning Abbreviation Meaning _ _ F FAD Fish Aggregating Device FCC Federal Communications Commission FCZ Fishery Conservation Zone FM(S) Fathom(s) FOG SIG Fog Signal Station F P Flag Pole F R Federal Register F S Flag Staff F T Foot/Feet F TR Flag tower F/V Fishing Vessel IMCO Inter-governmental Maritime Consultantive Organization IMO International Maritime Organization ITU International Telecommunications Union G LANBY Large Automated Navigation Buoy LAT Latitude L B Lighted Buoy L B B Lighted Bell Buoy LGB Lighted Gong Buoy LHB Lighted Horn Buoy LLNR Light List Number LLWD Lower Low Water Datum LNB Large Navigation Buoy LNG Liquidifed Natural Gas LNM Local Notice to Mariners LONG Longitude Look TR Lookout Tower LOOP Louisiana Offshore Oil Port LOP Line of Position Loran Long-Range Navigation LT Light LT HO Light House LT OBSC Light Obscured LWB Lighted Whistle Buoy LWD Low Water Datum G Green GPS Global Positioning System GRI Group Repetition Interval H HBR Harbor HO House HOR CL Horizontal Clearance HR Hour HT Height HZ Hertz I IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities ICW Intracoastal Waterway IGLD International Great Lakes Datum IHB International Hydrographic Bureau IHO International Hydrographic Organization K KHZ Kilohertz KM Kilometer KT(S) Knot(s) L Appendix B—Abbreviations B–13 PART IV ABBREVIATIONSUSEDTHISMANUAL,NM,LNM,LIGHTLIST,BROADCASTNOTICETO MARINERS,NAUTICALCHARTCATALOG,ORDATESOFLATESTEDITIONS Abbreviation Meaning Abbreviation Meaning _ _ M M Metric Chart MAINTD Maintained MAX Maximum MB Millibar MDT Moderate MF Marine Facility Chart MHHW Mean Higher High Water MHW Mean High Water MHWL Mean High Water Line MHZ Megahertz MICRO TR Microwave Tower MIN Minute (time; geo pos) MLLW Mean Lower Low Water MLW Mean Low Water MLWL Mean Low Water line MM Millimeter Mo (A) Morse Alpha MSL Mean Sea Level MT Mountain, Mount M/V Motor Vessel MWLL Mean Water Level Line N N New Chart N Nun NAD North American Datum NAE National Academy of Engineering NAS National Academy of Sciences NIMA National Imagery and Mapping Agency NM Nautical Mile(s) NM Notice to Mariners NOAA National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration NOS National Ocean Service NRC National Research Council NWS National Weather Service O O OmegaChart OBSTR Obstruction OCCASION Occasion/Occasionally OCS Outer continental shelf ODAS Oceanographic (or Ocean) Data Acquisition System OPAREA Operating Area OVHD PWR CAB Overhead Power Cable P PA Position Approximate PAC Pacific P/C Pleasure Craft PD Position Doubtful PPC Pumping Platform Complex PPI Plan Position Indicator P R E S Pressure PRIV Private, Privately PRIV MAINTD Privately Maintained PROHIB Prohibited P S N Position PT(S) Point(s) P U B Publication PWI Potable Water Intake R R Red R Revised Print RACON Radar Transponder Beacon RAMARK Radar Marker RA Ref Radar Reflector RBN Radio Beacon RDF Radio Direction Finder B–14 NOAA Chart User's Manual PART IV ABBREVIATIONSUSEDTHISMANUAL,NM,LNM,LIGHTLIST,BROADCASTNOTICETO MARINERS,NAUTICALCHARTCATALOG,ORDATESOFLATESTEDITIONS _ Abbreviation Meaning Abbreviation Meaning _ _ R E P Reported R E S T R Restricted R F Representative Fraction RGE Range R K Rock R/V Research Vessel UNCOV Uncovers; Dries U S United States USACE U.S Army Corps of Engineers USC United States Code USCG United States Coast Guard USCGAUX United States Coast Guard Auxiliary USCP United States Coast Pilot USDOT United States Department of Transportation U S P H S U.S Public Health Service U S P S United States Power Squadrons UTC Universal Coordinated Time S S A R Search and Rescue SC Small Craft S D Sounding Doubtful S E C Second (time; geo pos) SIG STA Signal station SM Statute Mile(s) SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea SPOR Shoreline Plane of Reference S SIG STA Storm Signal Station S T Saint S TA Station S’PIPE Standpipe S/V Sailing Vessel T TD Time Difference TEMP Temporary THRU Through T R Tower T R True T R L B TemporarilyReplacedbyLightedBuoy TRUB Temporarily Replaced by Unlighted Buoy T S D Time-Speed-Distance T S S Traffic Separation Scheme TSTM Thunderstorm U UMIB Urgent Marine Information Broadcast V VERT Cl Vertical Clearance VHF–FM Very High Frequency – Frequency Modulated VLCTY Velocity V S B Y Visibility VTC Vessel Traffic Center V T S Vessel Traffic Services W WEA Weather WGS World Geodetic System WHIS Whistle WK Wreck W/P Watching Properly WRNG Warning X X Discontinued Chart Y YD Yard(s) [...]... by all groups Training charts are inexpensive products with a description of symbols and conventions printed on the back of the chart that are ideal SMALL-CRAFT CHARTS MARINE FACILITY CHARTS NOAA CHART PRODUCTS INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY CHARTS HARBOR CHARTS COAST CHARTS CONVENTIONAL CHARTS GENERAL CHARTS TRAINING CHARTS SAILING CHARTS INTERNATIONAL CHARTS Fig 1-1 Principal NOAA Chart/ Map Products Introduction... include small-craft charts, marine facility charts, conventional charts (fur- NOAA Chart User's Manual ther subdivided, based upon chart scale and other attributes, into Intracoastal Waterway Charts (ICW), harbor charts, coast charts, general charts, sailing charts, and international charts), and training charts Although many of NOAA’s charts are used by all mariners, each of these products is designed... Canoe Charts, Catalogs of Charts and Publications, Conventional Charts, Dates of Latest Editions, Geophysical Maps, Marine Boundary Charts, Regional Tide and Current Tables, Small-Craft Charts, Special-Issue Charts, Tidal Current Charts, Tidal Current Tables, Tide Tables, and United States Coast Pilots 1-6 few statistics are revealing NOAA maintains approximately 1,000 charts in its inventory These charts... information about nautical charts together with specific information about the schematic layout of a nautical chart, the chart title block, chart projections, types (and scale) of charts, chart overlap (and related matters), latitude and longitude axes, vertical and horizontal datums, isogonic lines and the compass rose, chart colors, chart lettering, and other miscellaneous charting conventions Where... the chart catalog Chart Prices and Related Matters Some mariners—particularly recreational boaters—complain about the purportedly high prices of government nautical charts And, indeed, NOAA chart prices have increased significantly in recent years; from $5 per chart in 1983 to $14 per chart in 1996 (The Boat Show Briefing Book) However, over the long term, 1-14 NOAA Chart User's Manual The Nautical Chart. .. product (e.g., Carte No 1, Chart 5011) to explain their charts 1-4 NOAA Chart User's Manual The manual not only identifies the chart symbols and conventions, but also explains the importance of the various charted features to safe and efficient navigation and the underlying cartographic philosophy embodied in the modern nautical chart For example, Chart No 1 identifies the chart symbol used to depict... chart and Chart No 1 at hand when studying the contents of this and subsequent chapters Chart No 1 As noted in Chapter 1, Chart No 1, Nautical Chart Symbols, Abbreviations, and Terms (9th ed.), provides an indispensable description of the symbols (both national and international) and many of the conventions used on the nautical chart Chart No 1 should be carried aboard all vessels The contents of Chart. .. small-craft charts and marine facilities charts are intended principally for the recreational boater, and the content is customized to provide relevant information to this group (In some areas, however, small-craft or marine facility charts are the only charts available and other users, such as operators of commercial vessels, have no alternative but to use these charts.) Conventional charts are used... verify that they have the latest chart on board Chart No 1 Provides Essential Information on symbols and Conventions Used on NOAA and NIMA Charts Chart Related Publications Despite its comprehensiveness, the nautical chart is not a “stand-alone” publication Rather it is part of an integrated series of publications by NOAA and other government agencies Nautical chart users should be aware of the content... Chart No 1 Chart No 1 is published jointly by NOAA and NIMA As noted, Chart No 1 provides a compendium of chart symbols and other valuable data helpful in interpreting the nautical chart Terms, symbols, and abbreviations are numbered in accordance with a standard format recommended by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) The layout of Chart No 1 is described more fully in Chapter 2 –Chart ... PRODUCTS INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY CHARTS HARBOR CHARTS COAST CHARTS CONVENTIONAL CHARTS GENERAL CHARTS TRAINING CHARTS SAILING CHARTS INTERNATIONAL CHARTS Fig 1-1 Principal NOAA Chart/ Map Products Introduction... Intracoastal Waterway Charts (ICW), harbor charts, coast charts, general charts, sailing charts, and international charts), and training charts Although many of NOAA’s charts are used by all... chart/ map products (discussed in some detail in Chapter 2) include small-craft charts, marine facility charts, conventional charts (fur- NOAA Chart User's Manual ther subdivided, based upon chart