TRADITIONAL DRESS OF VIETNAM

MÓN NGON NGÀY TẾT – Special food in Tet of Vietnamese people Posted on 05/12/2009 by tailieudulich Rate ThisBanh Chưng and bánh Tét (Boiled rice and pork cakes)Boiled rice and pork cakes are usually cooked 2-3 days before Tet. Both can be kept for about two weeks in cool temperature. However, after this time they become hard and must be re-boiled.Soak some green beans overnight in water to soften. Drain, rub and clean to remove the skin, and leave to dry. Next, cook the beans in a steamer and grind. Form into balls the size of tennis balls.Soak some glutinous rice overnight. Clean and rinse. Mix with a little salt. Cut fresh pork meat (lean or fat, according to personal taste) into 2cm strips. Mix with salt, fish sauce and pepper, and leave for about one hour.Clean dong leaves (leaves from arrowroot) and place them over each other to form a cross. Place an amount of rice in the centre of the leaves. Shape into a square (the southern version is in a circle). Press a “ball” of green bean on top. Then, add 1-2 pieces of marinated pork, then more green bean, and finally rice. Press firmly into a compact square and wrap the leaves over to cover the cake completely. Tie with bamboo strings. Place in a large pot of boiling water and boil overnight. Squeeze the moisture out by placing it in a colander with a heavy object on top.To serve, untie and open the leaves. Invert on a plate and cut into pieces using the bamboo strings, not a knife. Serve cold.Canh Măng (Dried bamboo shoot soup)Soak dried bamboo shoots in water for 2-3 days to soften. Boil 2-3 times if necessary. Cut into 5cm strips. Fry with pig trotters and salt. Add water, bring to boil and simmer until meat is tender. Garnish with green onion.Hành Muối (Pickled Onions)You should make this dish about two weeks before Tet. Clean onions. Dissolve some salt and sugar in warm water. Add onions, cover and keep in a clean, dry place for two weeks. Miến (Vermicelli noodles)Cut mien into lengths and pre-soak for 10-15 minutes in water. Boil chicken innards (liver, heart, etc), salt and green onions in a fresh chicken stock. Mix with mien and serve. Gà rán hoặc luộc(Fried or boiled chicken)Fried version: marinate raw chicken in salt, sugar, garlic, fish sauce and burnt sugar. Fry chicken and marinade in oil.Boiled version: served with julienne lemon grass.Cá kho riềng (Carp with galangal)Scale carp, cut into steaks and fry. Add finely sliced galangal, fish sauce, salt, burnt sugar and water (this makes the fish turn dark brown). Cook over a low heat until the fish is hard and little liquid remains.Bò kho (beef with cinnamon)Tie up beef muscle firmly with several strips of bamboo. Break cinnamon into small pieces, rub into beef. Sear.Add fish sauce and salt, and cook over a low heat. Only cut beef when about to serve. The meat should be firm but not tough.Xôi gấc (Steamed momordica glutinous rice)Soak glutinous rice in water overnight. Drain. Cut open the momordica (qua gac). Remove flesh and large black/red seeds. Mix this with a small cup of rice alcohol. Mix rice with salt and qua gac mixture.Steam in a rice steamer. During steaming, add some chicken fat and stir through. When steamed, add a little sugar and stir through with chopsticks. Mound onto a plate and decorate with the black seeds from the fruit.Mứt (Preserved fruit)Prepare a week before Tet. The most important thing is to maintain the shape of the fruit. Use apple, potato, tomato, plum, ginger, mandarin, or gourd.Apple: Pierce skin lengthwise, but don’t cut too deep. Place in a bowl TRADITIONAL DRESS OF VIETNAM 1./ AO DAI The beauty of women dressed in “Ao Dai” always leaves a deep impression on foreign visitors to Vietnam Girl students dressed in white long robes take to streets on the way to schools or back home, or gracefully sail on their bikes along streets Female secretaries in delicate pastels greet you at an office door and older ladies in deep shades of purple, green or blue cut a striking pose at a restaurant dinner The “Ao Dai” appears to flatter every figure Early versions of the “Ao Dai” date back to 1744 when Lord Vu Vuong of the Nguyen Dynasty decreed both men and women should wear an ensemble of trousers and a gown that buttoned down the front However, not until 1930 did “Ao Dai” appear partly similar to its look today Now, Men wore it less, generally only on ceremonial occasions such as weddings or funerals During the 1950s two tailors in Saigon started producing “Ao Dai” with raglan sleeves This creates a diagonal seam running from the collar to the underarm and this style is still preferred today “Ao Dai” is made individually to fit each customer's shape to create the most graceful look Its body-hugging top flows over wide trousers that brush the floor The pants should reach the soles of the feet and flow along the floor Splits in the gown extend well above waist height and make it comfortable and easy to move in Comfortability is always taken into account for fashions and beauty Tailoring must ensure the wearer's freedom of movements Despite it is a long robe, “Ao Dai” must be cool to wear Synthetic or silk fabrics are preferred as they not crush and are quick drying, making the “Ao Dai” a practical uniform for daily wear The color is indicative of the wearer's age and status Young girls wear pure white, fully-lined outfits symbolizing their purity Older but unmarried girls move into soft pastel shades Only married women wear “Ao Dai” in strong, rich colors, usually over white or black pants However, “Ao Dai” is rarely seen in places where manual work is practiced The nineties saw a real resurgence of ao dai It has become standard and common attire for girl students as well as female staff at offices and hotels Traditionally, “Ao Dai” has become the most preferred dress on formal occasions Today, “Ao Dai” has been a bit modified Its length is cut shorter usually just below the knee Variations in the neck, between boat and mandarin style, are common And even adventurous alterations such as a low scooped neckline, puffed sleeves or off the shoulder designs are appearing as ladies experiment with fashion Color patterns are no longer rigidly controlled and accesses to new fabrics have generated some dazzling results However, most visitors to Vietnam have highly appreciated local tailors' skills when making ao dai It is hard to think of a more elegant, demure and charming outfit, that suits Vietnamese women of different ages, than ao dai 2./ AO YEM Looking back into the historic development of national dress, Vietnam not only has “Ao Dai” but also “Ao Yem” – the indispensable dress of ancient girls Images of graceful girls in national charming long dress have been a symbol of Vietnam However, looking back the historic development of national dress, Vietnam not only has “Ao Dai” but also “Ao Yem” – the indispensable dress of ancient girls “Ao Yem” appeared in Vietnamese life in a very old day, yet, not until Ly dynasty was it basically shaped During those days, “Ao Yem” was called “Yem” A very simple garment consisting of a square piece of cloth with one corner cut away to fit under the woman’s throat This scrap of fabric is secured across the chest and stomach within strings Traditionally, this halter-top was worn beneath a shirt, the flaps of which were often left unbuttoned to reveal “the ao yem” Urban women favoured white, pink or red ones, while those in the suburb preferredbrown or beige, suited for their rustic environment Through the stream of history, “Ao Yem” was changing incessantly with improving design However the revolutions of “Ao Yem” only happened at the beginning of the last century when western trousers and skirts entered Vietnam In 17th century, “Ao Yem” did not have any big change of model Entering 20th century, “Ao Yem” was used widespread with plentiful designs and models There is one kind of “Ao Yem”, which was often worn by ancient ladies, being called “Yem deo bua” Its name derived from the fact that it has a small pocket of musk beside, which was an advantageous weapon of ancient ladies Furthermore, “Ao Yem” created many original love stories In the old days, when a girl dated with her boyfriend, she put a piece of betel inside her “Ao Yem”; it was called “khau trau dai yem” Perhaps there is no kind of betel more supernatural than this one It is an age-old dress which is maintained until today “Ao Yem” was used by all levels of society from working class to upper one It was also used widespread in traditional festivals, therefore becoming the ...TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 1: FACTS OF VIETNAM FREIGHT FORWARDING INDUSTRY1.1. Definition of “Freight Forwarder”1.2. The importance of Freight Forwarding industry1.2.1. To the national economy1.2.2. To enterprises1.3. Facts of the industry1.3.1. Advantages to the development of the industry1.3.2. Pressures on Vietnam freight forwarding industry1.4. Comments on the facts of Vietnam freight forwarding industryCHAPTER 2: VIETNAM FREIGHT FORWARDERS ASSOCIATION (VIFFAS)2.1. Introduction of VIFFAS2.1.1. History of VIFFAS2.1.2. Management Board of VIFFAS2.1.3. Statues and Standard Trading Conditions of VIFFAS2.2. Functions & Main Activities of VIFFASPAGES133334447121313131313142.3. Activities of VIFFAS during the past termII 2.3.1. VIFFAS with the role of member’s representatives 2.3.2. External activities2.3.3. Actions for members’ benefits2.4. Roles of VIFFAS to Vietnam Freight forwarding industry in international economic integration process2.4.1. Achievements of VIFFAS2.4.2. Some weaknesses of the Association in the past termsCHAPTER 3: RECOMMENDATIONS3.1. Macro scale 3.2. Micro scaleCONCLUSIONREFERENCES1616II 16161818212323252627II Hanoi University of Foreign Trade Faculty of Business EnglishINTRODUCTIONFreight forwarding industry plays a significant role in expanding trade by procuring efficient and economic modes of transport. It creates necessary conditions to ensure that import and export products may timely reach their destinations and helps to deliver efficiently goods from sellers to end users. This national industry is still young in Vietnam, but it has gradually contributed to the improvement of the country’s balance of payment by assisting export promotion and giving support to the national Carrier & Insurers. Vietnam Freight Forwarding industry has played, to somewhat extent, an active role in facilitating trade by simplifying and rationalizing trade and documentary procedures, thereby reducing transport cost. Vietnam went through a lot of hindrances and difficulties to reach the splendid achievements over the past years. In international economic integration process, challenges remain considerable but there are always opportunities for the development of national economy. Freight forwarding industry also finds its opportunities to grow up, contributing to the national development strategy of restructuring the economy, intensifying the industrialization & modernization process and laying the foundation for rapid & sustainable development of national economy. During my internship at Vietnam Freight Forwarders Association (VIFFAS) in Ho Chi Minh City, I have learnt a lot about the facts of Vietnam freight forwarding industry and the Association’s importance VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES PHẠM THỊ MINH CHIÊN M.A MINOR THESIS A STUDY ON ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF VIETNAMESE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE TEXTS (Nghiên cứu việc dịch các tài liệu Y học Cổ truyền tiếng Việt sang tiếng Anh) Field : English Linguistics Code : 60.22.15 Hanoi, 2010 iv ABBREVIATIONS Vietnamese Traditional Medicine VTM Source language SL Target language TL v TABLE OF CONTENT PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 The rationale of study 1 The aims of the study 2 Scope of the study 2 Methods of the study 2 The structure of the study 3 PART 2: DEVELOPMENT 5 Chapter 1: Literature review 5 1.1 Translation definition 5 1.2 Translation equivalence 5 1.2.1 Study of Jakobson (1959) 6 1.2.2 Study of Nida (1964) 6 1.2.3 Study of Baker (1992) 6 1.2.4 Study of Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) 6 1.2.5 Study of Catford (1996) 7 1.3 Translation methods and procedures 7 1.3.1 Word – for – word translation 7 1.3.2 Literal translation 8 1.3.3 Free translation 8 1.3.4 Idiomatic translation 8 1.3.5 Abbreviations 8 1.3.6 Loan word translation 8 1.4 Translation strategies: Domestication and Foreignization 8 Chapter 2: Current situation of VTM translation and characteristics of language and English translation of VTM 10 2.1 Brief introduction of VTM 10 2.2 Necessities of VTM translation 11 2.2.1 For the integration of Western scientific medicine and VTM 11 vi 2.2.2 For the modernization of VTM 12 2.3 Existing problems of English translation of VTM 13 2.3.1 Problems in translating VTM technological terms 13 2.3.2 Problems in translating classics of VTM 16 2.4 Reasons for problems 17 2.4.1 Objective reasons 17 2.4.1.1 Great differences between VTM and Western medicine 17 2.4.1.2 Cultural barriers 20 2.4.1.3 Language barriers 22 2.4.2 Subjective reasons 23 2.5 The characteristics of the language of VTM 25 2.5.1 The Chinese influence on VTM 25 2.5.2 The integration of VTM and ancient philosophy 26 2.5.3 The blending of concepts of VTM and western medicine 26 2.5.4 The incompatibility of the terminology of VTM with that of Western medicine 27 2.6 The characteristics of the English translation of VTM 27 2.6.1 Using word – for - word translation 27 2.6.2 Using literal translation 27 2.6.3 Using free translation 29 2.6.4 Using idiomatic translation 30 2.6.5 Using abbreviation 31 2.6.6 Using loan word translation 32 Chapter 3: Solutions for English translation of VTM and standardization of English translation of VTM 33 3.1 Solutions for English translation of VTM 33 3.1.1 Approaches applied to translate VTM 33 3.1.1.1 Literal translation or free translation 33 3.1.1.2 Domestication or Foreignization 33 3.1.2 Techniques to translate VTM 34 3.1.2.1 Using loan-word translation for unique basic terms in VTM 34 3.1.2.2 Using literal translation for VTM terms and expressions 35 3.1.2.3 Careful selection in word-for-word translation 36 3.1.2.4 Minimizing number of equivalents for one word 36 3.2 The solutions for standardization of English translation of VTM 37 vii 3.2.1 Measures concerning the translators 37 3.2.2 Measures concerning the government 37 3.2.2.1 Establishing systematic translating theory 38 3.2.2.2 Formulating standard source terminology 38 3.2.2.3 Standardizing core concepts of VTM 39 3.2.2.4 Building up standardized reference database 39 PART 3: CONCLUSION 40 Summary and results of the study 40 Limitations of the study Phụ lục 3 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO HÀ NỘI PHÒNG GD & ĐT HUYỆN QUỐC OAI Giáo án dự thi- Dạy học theo chủ đề tích hợp. Nguyễn Thị Hường- THCS Sài Sơn Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương – THCS Sài Sơn *** GIÁO ÁN DỰ THI DẠY HỌC THEO CHỦ ĐỀ TÍCH HỢP DÀNH CHO GV THCS. Họ và tên: Nguyễn thị Hường Chức vụ: Giáo viên môn ngoại ngữ Họ và tên: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương Chức vụ: Giáo viên môn Mĩ Thuật Đơn vị: Trường THCS Sài sơn Huyện Quốc Oai - Thành phố Hà Nội. 1 A.MỤC TIÊU: 1.Kiến thức - Học sinh có thể biết thông tin về áo dài,chiếc áo truyền thống của Việt Nam. - Áo dài Việt nam qua các thời kì phát triển. - Hình thành kĩ năng sâu chuỗi kiến thúc thành hệ thống để làm rõ vấn đề của môn học. 2. Kĩ năng. - Có khả năng giới thiệu khái quát về áo dài truyền thống của dân tộc với bạn bè quốc tế. - Phát huy tính tích cực trong học tập; có kĩ năng làm việc nhóm, làm việc có kế hoạch, hình thành tư duy độc lập chủ động tiếp cận kiến thức. 3. Thái độ. - Thêm yêu quý ,trân trọng và tự hào về trang phục truyền thống của dân tộc. - Hứng thú, yêu thích chủ đề. B. NỘI DUNG CHÍNH CỦA CHỦ ĐỀ. “Ao dai – the Vietnamese traditional dress” C. CHUẨN BỊ: - GV: Giấy A0; bút dạ; Giáo án; tài liệu phục vụ cho dạy học; Máy chiếu; Các kiến thức liên quan (qua thực tiễn địa phương, sách báo, tranh ảnh, thông tin trên mạng Intenet ) - HS: Chuẩn bị bài theo yêu cầu của GV: vở thực hành, đồ dùng học tập; các tư liệu cần tìm hiểu; chuẩn bị các hoạt động cần tiến hành và kết quả thu thập được; Sẵn sàng theo sự phân công của nhóm; chuẩn bị báo cáo kết quả được phân công… D.PHƯƠNG PHÁP: Sử dụng phương pháp: - Hoạt động nhóm học tập. - Trực quan, - Đàm thoại - Phân tích tổng hợp gợi mở. - Phát hiện giải quyết vấn đề. E. CÁC HOẠT ĐỘNG DẠY HỌC. - Tiết 1 + Giáo viên giới thiệu tên chủ đề, kế hoạch thực hiện chủ đề. + HS thực hiện sưu tầm kiến thức trước khi học chủ đề. 2 - Tiết 2: Tiến trình dạy học: học sinh tìm hiểu chủ đề theo nhóm dưới sự hướng dẫn của giáo viên . - Viết báo cáo: Học sinh làm việc cá nhân theo sự phân công thực hiện nhiệm vụ của nhóm, các nhóm thu thập, xử lý thông tin. - Tiết 3: Tổ chức báo cáo kết quả tự tìm hiểu của các nhóm, các nhóm nhận xét bổ xung; giáo viên chuẩn hoá kiến thức và đánh giá kết quả. G.TIẾN TRÌNH DẠY- HỌC I. Pre − reading : 1. Warm − up : (Getting started) (Students in two groups look at the clothes the people in these pictures (p.13) are wearing and take turn to decide where they come from by asking and answering) - T models picture a : Teacher: Where does she come from? Students: She comes from Japan Teacher: How do you know? Students: Because she is wearing a kimono. * Key: a) She comes from Vietnam. She is wearing Aodai. b) He comes from Scotland (Uk). He is wearing a kilt. c) She comes from India. She is wearing a Sari. d) He comes from the USA. He is wearing jeans. e) She comes from (Saudi) Arabia. She is wearing a veil. 2. Pre − teach vocabulary : − (to) design : thiết kế (explanation) − fashionable (a): (thuộc) thời trang, mốt (synonym) = mordern − slit (n) : đường xẻ (mine/relia) − tunic(n) : áo dài thắt ngang hông (translation) − loose (a) : rông thùng thình (picture/B.Dr) = baggy − pattern (n) : mẫu vẽ,hoa van (translation) (exp) − inspiration (n): cảm hứng (translation) * Checking: R.O.R 3.Pre − question : Get Ss predict the questions: a. Who usually wears Ao dai nowadays? What about in the past? b.What are the differences between traditional Phụ lục 3 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO HÀ NỘI PHÒNG GD & ĐT HUYỆN QUỐC OAI Giáo án dự thi- Dạy học theo chủ đề tích hợp. Nguyễn Thị Hường- THCS Sài Sơn Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương – THCS Sài Sơn --------***-------- GIÁO ÁN DỰ THI DẠY HỌC THEO CHỦ ĐỀ TÍCH HỢP DÀNH CHO GV THCS. Họ và tên: Nguyễn thị Hường Chức vụ: Giáo viên môn ngoại ngữ Họ và tên: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương Chức vụ: Giáo viên môn Mĩ Thuật Đơn vị: Trường THCS Sài sơn Huyện Quốc Oai - Thành phố Hà Nội. 1 A.MỤC TIÊU: 1.Kiến thức - Học sinh có thể biết thông tin về áo dài,chiếc áo truyền thống của Việt Nam. - Áo dài Việt nam qua các thời kì phát triển. - Hình thành kĩ năng sâu chuỗi kiến thúc thành hệ thống để làm rõ vấn đề của môn học. 2. Kĩ năng. - Có khả năng giới thiệu khái quát về áo dài truyền thống của dân tộc với bạn bè quốc tế. - Phát huy tính tích cực trong học tập; có kĩ năng làm việc nhóm, làm việc có kế hoạch, hình thành tư duy độc lập chủ động tiếp cận kiến thức. 3. Thái độ. - Thêm yêu quý ,trân trọng và tự hào về trang phục truyền thống của dân tộc. - Hứng thú, yêu thích chủ đề. B. NỘI DUNG CHÍNH CỦA CHỦ ĐỀ. “Ao dai – the Vietnamese traditional dress” C. CHUẨN BỊ: - GV: Giấy A0; bút dạ; Giáo án; tài liệu phục vụ cho dạy học; Máy chiếu; Các kiến thức liên quan (qua thực tiễn địa phương, sách báo, tranh ảnh, thông tin trên mạng Intenet ...) - HS: Chuẩn bị bài theo yêu cầu của GV: vở thực hành, đồ dùng học tập; các tư liệu cần tìm hiểu; chuẩn bị các hoạt động cần tiến hành và kết quả thu thập được; Sẵn sàng theo sự phân công của nhóm; chuẩn bị báo cáo kết quả được phân công… D.PHƯƠNG PHÁP: Sử dụng phương pháp: - Hoạt động nhóm học tập. - Trực quan, - Đàm thoại - Phân tích tổng hợp gợi mở. - Phát hiện giải quyết vấn đề. E. CÁC HOẠT ĐỘNG DẠY HỌC. - Tiết 1 + Giáo viên giới thiệu tên chủ đề, kế hoạch thực hiện chủ đề. + HS thực hiện sưu tầm kiến thức trước khi học chủ đề. 2 - Tiết 2: Tiến trình dạy học: học sinh tìm hiểu chủ đề theo nhóm dưới sự hướng dẫn của giáo viên . - Viết báo cáo: Học sinh làm việc cá nhân theo sự phân công thực hiện nhiệm vụ của nhóm, các nhóm thu thập, xử lý thông tin. - Tiết 3: Tổ chức báo cáo kết quả tự tìm hiểu của các nhóm, các nhóm nhận xét bổ xung; giáo viên chuẩn hoá kiến thức và đánh giá kết quả. G.TIẾN TRÌNH DẠY- HỌC I. Pre− reading: 1. Warm− up: (Getting started) (Students in two groups look at the clothes the people in these pictures (p.13) are wearing and take turn to decide where they come from by asking and answering) - T models picture a : Teacher: Where does she come from? Students: She comes from Japan Teacher: How do you know? Students: Because she is wearing a kimono. * Key: a) She comes from Vietnam. She is wearing Aodai. b) He comes from Scotland (Uk). He is wearing a kilt. c) She comes from India. She is wearing a Sari. d) He comes from the USA. He is wearing jeans. e) She comes from (Saudi) Arabia. She is wearing a veil. 2. Pre− teach vocabulary: − (to) design : thiết kế (explanation) − fashionable (a): (thuộc) thời trang, mốt (synonym) = mordern − slit (n) : đường xẻ (mine/relia) − tunic(n) : áo dài thắt ngang hông (translation) − loose (a) : rông thùng thình (picture/B.Dr) = baggy − pattern (n) : mẫu vẽ,hoa van (translation) (exp) − inspiration (n): cảm hứng (translation) * Checking: R.O.R 3.Pre− question: Get Ss predict the questions: a. Who usually wears Ao dai nowadays? What about in the past? b.What are ...Images of graceful girls in national charming long dress have been a symbol of Vietnam However, looking back the historic development of national dress, Vietnam not only has “Ao... culture cradle, one of which is the traditional custom beauty In feudal Vietnam, clothing was one of the most important marks of social status with strict dress codes The traditional clothing... the lifestyle of ancient people As far as you may know, there are 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam, each of which has unique and specific styles of clothing Unlike the colorful dressing of ethnic people