Đề cương ôn tập học kì 1 Tiếng Anh 8 năm 2015

Chia sẻ Đề cương ôn tập học kì Tiếng Anh năm 2015 để chuẩn bị cho thi học kì lớp năm học 2015 – 2016 → Đề cương cấu trúc đề kiểm tra môn Sử lớp học kì năm 2015 REVISION FOR THE FIRST TERM (2015-2016) Grade A Tenses I PRESENT SIMPLE • Form: (+) S + V (bare)/ V -s/es (-) S + don’t / doesn’t + V (bare) (?) Do / Does + S + V (bare)? • Usage: Diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, chân lý, việc mang tính chất khoa học Ex: Water boils at100 degrees celsius The sun sets in the West Diễn tả việc lặp lặp lại, việc thường xuyên xảy thói quen Trong câu thường có trạng từ: always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, seldom, at times, now and then, once in a while,… Ex: Every day, we morning exercises My mother usually goes to bed late Nói thời gian đi, đến phương tiện lại; làm việc quan, công sở… Ex: The art exhibition opens on May The train leaves Plymouth at 11.30 II PRESENT PROGRESSIVE • Form: (+) S + am/ is/ are + V-ing (-) S + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing (?) Am/ Is/ Are + S + V-ing? • Usage: Diễn tả việc xảy Trong câu thường có trạng từ: now, right now, presently, at present, at the moment, động từ Look!, Listen! đầu câu Ex: Listen! The girl is playing the piano Students are having an English exam at the moment Diễn tả hành động tiếp diễn, tại thời điểm nói Ex: Where is your son?- He is playing computer games Diễn tả kế hoạch hay đặt thời điểm tương lai Ex: I am picking my friends up at the airport this afternoon Dùng HTTD nói thay đổi xảy khoảng thời gian gần với Ex: The population of the world is rising very fast Is your English getting better? • Các động từ sau thường không dùng tiếp diễn: like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, know, realize, suppose, mean, understand, believe, remember, belong, contain, depend, seem III THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE • Form: (+) S + will + V (bare) (-) S + will + not + V (bare) (?) Will + S + V (bare) • Usage: Diễn tả việc xảy tương lai Trong câu thường có: tonight, tomorrow, next…, in 2015… Ex: Tonight, I will visit my grandmother Next Sunday, we will go to the movie theater Thường dùng will tình sau: + Ngỏ ý giúp làm Ex: That bag looks heavy I’ll help you with it + Đồng ý làm điều Ex: Thanks for your lending I’ll give it to you this afternoon + Hứa làm điều Ex: I won’t tell anyone what happened I promise + Nhờ làm điều Ex: Will you please be quiet? I’m trying to concentrate Will you shut the door, please? IV THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE • Form: (+) S + am / is /are + going + to-infinitive (-) S + am / is /are + not + going + to-infinitive (?) Am / Is /Are + S + going + to-infinitive? • Usage: Diễn tả việc xảy ý định làm việc tương lai Ex: Ann is in hospital I’m going to visit her tomorrow Look at those black clouds It’s going to rain I feel terrible I think I’m going to be sick • Sự khác biệt will going to: + Dùng will định làm điều vào thời điểm nói (Người nói trước chưa định.) Ex: A: Let’s have a party B: That’s a great idea We will invite lots of people + Dùng (be) going to định làm điều Ex: Sue and I have decided to have a party We’re going to invite lots of people V THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE • Form: (+) S + V-ed/ V2 (-) S + didn’t + V (bare) (?) Did + S + V (bare)? • Usage: Diễn tả việc đã xảy hoàn tất thời điểm xác định khứ Trong câu thường có: yesterday, last…, …ago, in 1985, in the past, the day before, formerly, previous,… Ex: The weather was nice yesterday Did you see the news on television last night? Diễn tả thói quen khứ Ex: I ate a lot of sweets when I was a child Diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy khứ Ex: When I heard a knock at the door last night, I walked to the door and opened it VI THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE • Form: • Usage: Diễn tả việc vừa hoàn thành mà thời gian không xác định rõ (already) Ex: I have already packed my suitcase He has seen that film several times Diễn tả việc bắt đầu khứ mà tiếp tục đến tới tương lai (Khi dùng này, luôn có mối liên hệ với Hành động khứ có kết vào thời điểm tại.) Trong câu thường có: for, since, ever, never, just, not…yet, recently, lately, so far, up till now, in the last few days, this is the first…, that is the first…, it is the only…, it is the + superlative… Ex: My brother has lived in London for ten years I’ve written the letter but I haven’t posted it yet Hello Have you just arrived? It’s the first time he has driven a car • SINCE + a point of time Ex: I haven’t seen him since January • FOR + a period of time Ex: We have been here for days SINCE FOR o’clock 1977 hours a week Monday Christmas 10 minutes a long time 12 May lunch time months ages April we arrive years days B Preposition of time: • at night, at the weekend, at lunchtime, at Christmas, at dawn, at noon, at the age of, at breakfast, at midnight, at Easter, at the moment, at present, at the same time, at the end of • “on” with dates and days or part of a particular day (on Easter Monday) • “in” for parts of the day: in the morning, in january (month), in 2003, in spring, in the 21st century, in two years time • Note: We not use AT, IN, ON before EVERY, EACH, ANY, LAST, NEXT, THIS, TOMORROW, YESTERDAY, ONE, SOME Reflexive pronoun: • • • • • • myself yourself himself / herself / itself ourselves yourselves themselves Ex: I don’t want you to pay for me I’ll pay for myself Hoa had a great holiday She enjoyed herself very much Do you sometimes talk to yourself? • BY + reflexive pronoun = alone Ex: I like living by myself Do you go on holiday by yourself? Modal: • MUST: diễn tả ý muốn người nói, buộc người khác phải làm điều S + must + V (bare) Ex: I haven’t phoned Ann for ages I must phone her tonight He must get up early tomorrow There are a lot of things he wants to • Must + not = mustn’t (không được) Ex: You mustn’t tell anybody what I said • HAVE TO/ HAS TO: diễn đạt ý phải làm việc nhiệm vụ, nghĩa vụ yếu tố khách quan bên S + have to (has to) + V (bare) Ex: My eyesight isn’t very good I have to wear glasses for reading Lan can’t come out with us this evening She has to work • not have to = don’t have to does not have to = doesn’t have to [You don’t have to something = you don’t need to it (but you can if you want)] Ex: You can tell me if you want but you don’t have to tell me I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early • OUGHT TO: diễn tả bắt buộc, trách nhiệm, khuyên bảo S + ought to + V (bare) Ex:Do you think I ought to apply for this job? • Ought + not + to : không nên Ex: Jack ought not to go to bed so late • SHOULD: dùng SHOULD để khuyên bảo hay cho ý kiến S + should + V (bare) Ex: You look tired You should go to bed Should we invite Susan to the party? – Yes I think we should • Should + not = shouldn’t : không nên Ex: You shouldn’t believe everything you read in the newspapers • MAY (offering assistance): dùng để đề nghị giúp đỡ người khác làm việc xin phép làm việc gì.(Part “Speak” – Unit 6) Ex: May I help you? May I come in? • CAN / COULD (asking for favor): dùng để yêu cầu người khác làm điều cho (Part “Speak” – Unit 6) Ex: Can you help me, please? Could you me a favor? verb + ing Gerund: • After prepositions • After some experissions: it’s no use, can’t stand, spend time/ hours, to have a good time,… • After some verbs:like, love, enjoy, hate, dislike, finish, practice, mind, keep, remember, understand, stop, suggest… Ex: She left without saying goodbye The students are interested in playing outdoor activities My friends enjoy traveling To-inf: Verbs: offer, decide, hope, attempt, promise, agree, plan, aim, manage, refuse, arrange, learn, fail, start, begin Ex: It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home How old were you when you learnt to drive? • Lưu ý dạng phủ định “not to” Ex: We decided not to go out because of the weather I promised not to be late S + used to + verb(inf.) Used to: Ex: I used to plant flowers in the garden when I lived in the countryside • Phủ định: didn’t use to + V (bare) adj S+V+ + enough + (for +O) + to-inf adv 7.Enough: Ex.1: He is strong He can lift this box → He is strong enough to lift this box Ex.2: The weather isn’t fine We can’t go camping → The weather isn’t fine enough for us to go camping Reported speech: • Commands and requests in reported speech ( Câu mệnh lệnh câu yêu cầu lời nói tường thuật) S + asked / told + O + (not) + to-infinitive Ex: – “Stay in beds for a few days,” the doctor said to me → The doctor asked me to stay in bed for a few days – She said, “Can you open your bag, please?” →She told me to open my bag – I said to my son, “Don’t shout.” → I asked my son not to shout 1) S + said + (that)+ S + should (not) + V (bare) 2) S + told + O + that + S + should (not) + V (bare) • Advice in reported speech ( Cấu trúc lời khuyên với SHOULD lời nói tường thuật) Ex: Her mother said, “You should spend much time on Math.” → Her mother said she should spend much time on Math = Her mothertold her that she should spend much time on Math 3) S + advised + O + (not) + to-infinitive Ex: He said to his daughter, “You shouldn’t come home too late.” → He advised his daughter not to come home too late Comparison: • as…as S1 + V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 Ex: Tom is as old as Mary I run as fast as you • not as/so…as Ex: My house isn’t as/so big as yours He doesn’t swim as/so well as his brother • like (giống): Ex: She’s wearing a dress like mine (like giới từ) They are not twins but they are very like (like tính từ) • the same as (tương tự, giống) + the same as + noun Ex: Her dress is the same as mine + the same as + noun + as Ex: This bag is the same size as mine • different from (khác với) Ex: Her dress is different from mine Adjective + ly • Adverbs of maners: • Form of adverbs of maners: • Some words as adjectives or adverbs without adding LY sucg as: better, best, early, hard, high, last, late, monthly, mear, wide, worse 10 Adverbs of places: outside, inside, there, here, upstairs, downstairs… Xem thêm: De cuong on thi hoc ki lop ... a period of time Ex: We have been here for days SINCE FOR o’clock 19 77 hours a week Monday Christmas 10 minutes a long time 12 May lunch time months ages April we arrive years days B Preposition... tả việc đã xảy hoàn tất thời điểm xác định khứ Trong câu thường có: yesterday, last…, …ago, in 19 85 , in the past, the day before, formerly, previous,… Ex: The weather was nice yesterday Did you... thời gian không xác định rõ (already) Ex: I have already packed my suitcase He has seen that film several times Diễn tả việc bắt đầu khứ mà tiếp tục đến tới tương lai (Khi dùng này, luôn có mối