LT + BT + CHỮA CHI TIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

BÀI 3: CONDITION SENTENCES Câu điều kiện A.. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN THÔNG THƯỜNG và ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN: A.. Real có thật - LOẠI 0: Câu điều kiện loại 0 diễn tả 1 sự việc có thật xảy ra

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BÀI 3: CONDITION SENTENCES

(Câu điều kiện)

A LÝ THUYẾT

I CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN THÔNG THƯỜNG và ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN:

A Real (có thật)

- LOẠI 0: Câu điều kiện loại 0 diễn tả 1 sự việc có thật xảy ra ở hiện tại mang tính chất hiển nhiên

If + S+ HTĐ, S + HTĐ

Ex: If you put ice under the sun, it melts

- LOẠI 1: Câu điều kiện diễn đạt 1 sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương lai

If + S + HTĐ, S + TLĐ

Ex: If you are busy, we will go out in other time

`

*NOTE: Please + V là ĐK 1 ==> Công thức: If + TLĐ/HTĐ, Please + V

==> ĐẢO NGỮ: Should + S + V(nguyên thể), S + TLĐ

Ex: If he comes, I’ll go fishing ==> shoud he come, I’ll go fishing

B Unreal (không có thật)

- LOẠI 2: Câu điều kiện diễn đạt 1 sự việc không thể xảy ra hoặc không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

If + S+ QKĐ (were), S + would/could/migh/should…+ V

Ex: If you studied hard, you would pass the exam (Nếu bạn học hành chăm chỉ, thì bạn đã vượt qua kì thi)

* NOTE: Nếu là tobe thì V2 là WERE với mọi ngôi (đối với ngữ pháp Mỹ hiện đại, đặc biệt trong văn nói thì ko nhất thiết; nhưng ta vẫn nên tuân theo vì nó đúng cho cả ngữ pháp Anh và Mỹ)

Ex: If I were you, I would not behave like that (Nếu tao là mày, tao sẽ không cư xử như vậy)

==> ĐẢO NGỮ: Were + S + to V/O(nguyên thể), S + would/could/migh/should… + V

Ex: If I were you, I would not behave like that ==> Were I you, I would not behave like that

- LOẠI 3: Câu điều kiện diễn tả 1 sự việc không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ

If + S + QKHT, S + would/could/migh/should…+ have + V3/Ved

Ex: If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I wouldn't have passed my exam (Nếu bố mẹ không động viên tôi thì tôi đã chẳng vượt qua kì thi)

==> ĐẢO NGỮ: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + would/could/migh/should… + have + V3/ed

Ex: Had my parents not encouraged me, I would not have passed my exam

ĐẢO NGỮ: Should + S + V(nguyên thể)…

TLĐ

ĐẢO NGỮ: Were + S + to V/O(nguyên thể)…

Would/could/migh/should…+

V(nguyên thể)

ĐẢO NGỮ: Had + S + V3/Ved

Would/could/migh/should…+

have + V3/Ved

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II UNLESS + CL = IF …NOT: Nếu…Không

Ex: If he did not help me, I would not finish my homework

==> Unless he helped me, I would not finish my homework (Nếu anh ấy đã không giúp đỡ tôi, còn không thì tôi sẽ chẳng thể hoàn thành bài tập)

III BUT FOR/WITHOUT + N/CỤM N: Nếu mà không, Nếu Không

Ex: If you didn’t help me, I would not finish my homework

==> BUT FOR/WITHOUT your help, I would not finish my homework

IV OR/OTHERWISE/OR ELSE + CL (=IF): Nếu không thì

Ex: Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school

==> if you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for school

==> Unless you hurry up, you’ll be late for school

V IN CASE + CL (=IF): Phòng khi /Trong trường hợp

+ IN CASE OF + N/VING: Phòng khi /Trong trường hợp

Ex: You have to bring an umbrella in case it rains.(Bạn phải mang ô đi phòng khi trời mưa)

VI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ĐẶC BIỆT: (=IF)

- As long as/ So long as: với điều kiện là gì

- Proving/provided/on condition (that): Miễn là

- suppose/supposing/assuming (that): giả sử như/giải sử là

- only if: với điều kiện là/Chỉ khi nếu

- If only: giá mà

Ex: I will come only if nothing is said to the press

You can use my car provided that/as long as you drive carefully

VII AS IF, AS THOUGH + CL: cứ như thể là

===> Lùi thì: HTĐ -> QKĐ

QKĐ -> QKHT

Ex: -He says as if he were a king (Anh ta nói cứ như thể anh ta là 1 ông vua vậy)

VIII : CẤU TRÚC THAT…SHOULD – THỂ GIẢ ĐỊNH

***** S + V + THAT + S + “V(nguyên thể)” – “CHỦ ĐỘNG” hoặc “be V3/Ved” – nếu “BỊ ĐỘNG”

(Với các Verb sau: ask, command, decide, demand, determine, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, suggest, urge, require,…)

***** It is/was + adjective + THAT + S + “V(nguyên thể)” – “CHỦ ĐỘNG” hoặc “be V3/Ved” – nếu “BỊ ĐỘNG”

(Với các Adj sau: advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, natural, necessary, vital,…)

B BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Bài tập 1: Bài tập về câu điều kiện loại 1 2 3:

1) If we meet at 9:30, we (have) plenty of time

2) Lisa would find the milk if she (look) in the fridge

3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (feed) the animals

4) If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) you

5) Dan (arrive) safe if he drove slowly

6) You (have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework

7) If you (swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold

8) The door will unlock if you (press) the green button

9) If Mel (ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions

10) I (call) the office if I were you

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11) If measures had not been taken to reduce company expenses, the added costs would………by the customer

a assusme

b have been assumed

c had been assumed

d be assuming

12) if customers were unhappy with the quality of a product, the store….it or provide a refund

a would exchange

b exchange

c have exchanged

d will exchange

13) the reductions in the budget will have seriuos implications if the projects… in the next quarter

a will be executed

b executes

c are executed

d will execute

14) if personal income taxes had been lowered, the national economy…… much more quickly

a recovered

d has recovered

c would have recovered

d has been recovered

15) if laws do not change and continue to favor creditors, many small-scale companies…… bankrupt

a have gone

b will go

c went

d goes

16) the supervior commented that the manual could……bettter had the company hired an editor to go over the material before it was printed

a organize

b be organized

c have organized

d have been organized

17) The recurring problem of unheated rooms would……if the owner had responded to the tenants’initial complaints

a have been elimination

b had been eliminated

c have been eliminated

d have been eliminating

18) if the error had not been reported, the customer … his order until after the Christmas season had ended

a would not have received

b would not receive

c did not receive

d would not be receive

19) if had not been for a trip from my stock-broker, I……thousands of dollars in doomed stocks

a was lost

b have lost

c would lost

d would have lost

20) a world-renowned economist … that except for the euro, currencies around the world will continue to devalue

a is predicted

b predict

c predicts

d predicting

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Bài tập 2: Bài tập về đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện:

1 anyone wish to access the information on the status of his or her order, the password should be entered (A) If

(B) Should

(C) Whether

(D) As though

2 it be necessary, you can print out your form and then send it to us by fax or postal service, or

A Since

B Should

C Unless

D When

3 Jonh worked hard, he would have been promoted last year

A if

B were

C should

D had

4 the patient's condition get worse, the nurse will call in an internist

A Might

B Unless

C Should

D If

5 she wish to have more detailed information, please consult your employee handbook

A.would

B.could

C.might

D.should

6 Should she our offer, we will be glad to cooperate

A Accept

B Accepts

C Accepting

D Accepted

7 the employee followed the safety procedures properly, the accident could have been avoided

A Having

B Had

C If

D Has

8 ……… I you, I would not behave like that

A if

B were

C should

D had

9 Had the contract…… early, we might have been able to discuss the conditions and make a decision

a deliver

b delivered

c been delivered

d were delevered

10 Had the team subnnited the report on schedule, the manager ….to postpone the meeting orr the board of Directors

a did not have

b would not be had

c would not had

d would not have had

11 …………her rental application be denied, the owers will refund the cost of processing the application

a could

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b may

c do

d should

12 Had we ……that Mr.A had a case pending in criminal court, we could never have hired him for the job

a been known

b knew

c know

d known

13 Had the director been out of the country, his assistant…….charge of ongoing projects during that time

a had taken

b could have taken

c were taking

d will have taken

14 Had their systems been protected with a reliable anti-virus program, subscribers… no problems with their computer

A, will have

b Have

c would have

d had

15 …… the machine parts arrived promptly, we would have been able to finish assembling the machine in time for its first run

a have

b had

c should

d were

16 Had estimated figures been more accurate, strategists would…….a better financial plan to tackle the budget

a create

b be creating

c have created

d had been created

Bài tập 3: Bài tập về Thể giả định:

1 A few flight attendants have requested that some loose volts in the overhead bins tightened

A be

B are

C have been

D will be

2 Mr Powers has asked that the board of directors - the issues, strategies and solutions identified in response to the NHHRC final report

A considering

B condidered

C consider

D are considering

3 As the HR team will be going to the conference in May, they asked that the company outing - - until June (A) postponed

(B) to postpone

(C) be postponed

(D) postponing

4 Lancaster Productions - that all workers occasionally re-read their employee guideline booklets

(A) depends

(B) adapts

(C) specializes

(D) recommends

5 It is - that we fix this problem before we move on to the next one

(A) requiring

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(B) imperative

(C) indispensable

(D) impressive

6 The manager has … that any information customers enter be used only to respond to their inquiries and requests (A) suggested

(B) suggesting

(C) suggest

(D) suggestion

7 It is that each department work closely with the MIS department, which coordinates all corporate data (A) prone

(B) vital

(C) poised

(D) ready

8 VN Restaurant requests that patrons………reservations for a table at least two weeks ahead of time

a makes

b making

c made

d make

9 The manufaturer insists that the defective air bags… replaced in spite of the high cost of recalling thousands of affected cars

a are

b be

c have

d has

10 Due to the urgency of this matter, it is imperative that Mr.C….one of our customer representatives

a is contacting

b contact

c will contact

d contacted

11 It is essential that no unauthorized persons … into the building once it has been locked by the security personnel

a admiited

b admit

c be admitted

d admittance

12 The notice requestd that the purse… to its owner and stated that a small reward would be given

a returns

b returning

c be returned

d to return

13 The canned chicken soup manufacturer insists that all the cans……, regardless of losses to the company

a recall

b be recalled

c recalling

d are recalled

14 the hotel manager requests that any meetings ….held in the conference room

a are

b be

c have

d will

15 it is essential that the process … completed in a timely fashion

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B GIẢI CHI TIẾT

Bài tập 1: Bài tập về câu điều kiện loại 1 2 3:

1) If we meet at 9:30, we (have) plenty of time

==> Vế If chia HTĐ (meet)

==> câu ĐK loại 1

==> Vế MĐC (Mệnh đề chính) chia TLĐ

==> Đáp án: will have

2) Lisa would find the milk if she (look) in the fridge

==> Vế MĐC chia would + V

==> Vế If chia QKĐ

==> Đáp án: looked

3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (feed) the animals

==> Vế MĐC chia would + have + V3/Ved

==> Vế If chia QKHT

==> Đáp án: had fed

4) If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) you

==> Vế If chia QKĐ (spoke)

==> Vế MĐC (Mệnh đề chính) chia Would + V

==> Đáp án: Would understand

5) Dan (arrive) safe if he drove slowly

==> Vế If chia QKĐ (drove)

==> Đáp án: Would arrive

6) You (have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework

==> Vế If chia QKHT (had done)

==> Vế MĐC (Mệnh đề chính) chia Would + have + V3/Ved

==> Đáp án: Would have had

7) If you (swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold

==> Vế MĐC chia TLĐ

==> Vế If chia HTĐ

==> Đáp án: swim

8) The door will unlock if you (press) the green button

==> Đáp án: press

9) If Mel (ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions

==> Vế MĐC chia would + have + V3/Ved

==> Vế If chia QKHT

==> Đáp án: had asked

10) I (call) the office if I were you

==> Vế If chia QKĐ (were)

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==> Đáp án: Would call

11) If measures had not been taken to reduce company expenses, the added costs would………by the customer

a assusme

b have been assumed

c had been assumed

d be assuming

==> Đáp án: B (bị động)

12) if customers were unhappy with the quality of a product, the store….it or provide a refund

a would exchange

b exchange

c have exchanged

d will exchange

==> Vế If chia QKĐ (were)

==> Đáp án: A

13) the reductions in the budget will have seriuos implications if the projects… in the next quarter

a will be executed

b executes

c are executed

d will execute

==> Đáp án: C (bị động)

14) if personal income taxes had been lowered, the national economy…… much more quickly

a recovered

d has recovered

c would have recovered

d has been recovered

==> Đáp án: C

15) if laws do not change and continue to favor creditors, many small-scale companies…… bankrupt

a have gone

b will go

c went

d goes

==> Vế MĐC (Mệnh đề chính) chia TLĐ

==> Đáp án: B

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16) the supervior commented that the manual could……bettter had the company hired an editor to go over the material before it was printed

a organize

b be organized

c have organized

d have been organized

==> Vế IF sử dụng ĐẢO NGỮ ==> “the supervior commented that the manual could……bettter IF the company HAD hired an editor to go over the material before it was printed”

==> Vế MĐC (Mệnh đề chính) chia Would/could + have + V3/Ved

==> Đáp án: D (bị động)

17) The recurring problem of unheated rooms would……if the owner had responded to the tenants’initial complaints

a have been elimination

b had been eliminated

c have been eliminated

d have been eliminating

==> Đáp án: C (bị động)

18) if the error had not been reported, the customer … his order until after the Christmas season had ended

a would not have received

b would not receive

c did not receive

d would not be receive

==> Đáp án: A

19) if had not been for a trip from my stock-broker, I……thousands of dollars in doomed stocks

a was lost

b have lost

c would lost

d would have lost

==> Đáp án: D

20) a world-renowned economist … that except for the euro, currencies around the world will continue to devalue

a is predicted

b predict

c predicts

d predicting

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==> Đáp án: C ( Chủ ngữ số ít)

Bài tập 2: Bài tập về đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện:

1 anyone wish to access the information on the status of his or her order, the password should be entered (A) If

(B) Should

(C) Whether

(D) As though

Giải:

==> Động từ sau CHỦ NGỮ “anyone” ==> Không chia

==> ÁP DỤNG ĐẢO NGỮ CÂU ĐK 1: Should + S + V(nguyên thể), S + TLĐ

==> Nếu chọn ACD thì “wish” phải chia thành “wishes” vì anyone là CHỦ NGỮ SỐ ÍT

==> Câu ĐK1 đảo SHOULD lên theo công thức ĐẢO NGỮ và V động từ ở dạng nguyên thể (cho dù S là số ít)

==> Đáp án B

2 it be necessary, you can print out your form and then send it to us by fax or postal service, or

A Since

B Should

C Unless

D When

Giải:

==> Động từ sau CHỦ NGỮ “it” ==> Không chia

==> Nếu chọn ACD thì “be” phải chia theo CHỦ NGỮ và THEO THÌ của câu

==> Đáp án B

3 Jonh worked hard, he would have been promoted last year

A if

B were

C should

D had

Giải:

==> Vì vế đằng sau chia là S + would + have + V3/ed

==> ÁP DỤNG ĐẢO NGỮ CÂU ĐK 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + would + have + V3/ed

==> Loại BC

==> Nếu chọn A thì câu sẽ phải là: “If Jonh HAD worked hard, he would have been promoted last year”

==> Câu ĐK3 đảo HAD lên theo công thức ĐẢO NGỮ

==> Đáp án D

4 the patient's condition get worse, the nurse will call in an internist

A Might

B Unless

C Should

D If

Giải:

==> Vì vế đằng sau chia TLĐ

==> Động từ sau CHỦ NGỮ “the patient's condition” ==> Không chia

==> Nếu chọn BD thì “get” phải chia thành “gets” vì “the patient's condition” là CHỦ NGỮ SỐ ÍT

==> Trong đáp án chỉ có SHOULD mới có hình thức ĐẢO NGỮ này

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