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Acoustical Design for Architects Mike Wilson Low Energy Architecture Research Unit School of Architecture and Interior Design University of North London Spring House 6-40 Holloway Rd London N7 8JL U.K Tel: +44 171 753 7006 Fax: +44 171 753 5780 Introduction For good room acoustics the following conditions need to be satisfied 1) There needs to be good sound distribution in the room This may be effected by various acoustic ‘faults’ such as concentrations and shadows, ringing and colouration, or echoes 2) The background level needs to be an optimum for the acoustic activity in the space Often this optimum will be the minimum sensibly obtainable but may not if masking noise is required such as in open plan offices 3) The reverberation or rate of decay of the sound should be an optimum for the acoustic activity Sound Behaviour within Rooms Sound within rooms can be analysed using different techniques These can usefully be divided into the following categories: 1) Geometric methods By using the basic law of angle of incidence equals angle of reflection the sound field may be described The drawback of this method is that it takes no account of the wave nature of sound where typical wavelengths can be of the same order of magnitude as the reflecting or obstructing objects One simple example of this is the acoustic barrier The sound behind the barrier is not simply reduced equally over the whole noise spectrum but the tonal character is changed The longer the wavelength or the lower the frequency the more the sound wave diffracts or bends round the barrier reducing the attenuation With sound reflectors the lower frequencies may not ‘see’ the barrier at all, the middle frequencies may suffer diffuse reflection while only the higher frequencies undergo specular or mirror-like reflection 2) Statistical methods The rate of decay of sound in the room depends on the mean free path of the sound wave between reflections and the absorption of surfaces, objects and air 3) Wave Theory A full description of the sound field in a room depends on solving the wave equations in that room This is difficult without immense computing power and is normally limited to simple geometry It is essential however in predicting standing waves ( otherwise known as room modes or eigen functions) , and particularly important in small room (studio) acoustics Analysis of Room Shape Most acousticians would try to avoid concave focusing shapes If unavoidable they can be treated with absorber but this will often lead to loss of loudness Concave shapes are often associated with echoes Within approx 50 ms of the direct sound arriving at the listener the following reflections are integrated by the ear Thus strong early reflections are very important in ensuring a sound is perceived sufficiently loudly Where neither wall nor ceiling exist to provide these reflections the area of the floor in front of the source provides an important reflecting surface This is important in amphitheatres where the apron provides such a facility Rays can be drawn to ensure the audience can hear the reflected sound and this determines the raking Note that glazing rays over the heads of an audience are heavily absorbed A reflection arriving 80 ms after the direct sound will be perceived as part of the general reverberation of the room or if it is sufficiently strong as an echo Concave shapes concentrate sound and therefore increase the likelihood of an echo An important consideration is the relationship between the radius of curvature of the concave surface and the room dimensions In the following diagram for a room with a dome or vault the radius should be less than half the source - max ceiling height to ensure the reflected sound is no more concentrated than that from a flat surface Note that the sound reflected from a flat surface would be concentrated in distance d while the concave surface covers a distance d’ Fig ( Source Ref 1) A similar method can be applied to alert designers to the potential of an echo in an auditorium Assuming a simple rectangular shape for an echo to occur two conditions need to be satisfied: 1) The path d i f f e r e n c e between reflected and direct sound should be at least 17m This is the distance covered by a sound wave in 50 ms travelling at 340 m/s 2) The reflected sound should have sound energy at least 10% of the direct sound The following diagram shows the critical dimensions Fig ( Source Ref 1, p 120.) CR = Critical Region, r, x - axis, source-receiver distance, h, y-axis, effective ceiling height Ray tracing is a very common technique for investigating the behaviour of reflectors and an example is shown below Fig ( Source ref 1, p 125) Ceiling profile for the German Opera in Berlin Top: proposal based on ray construction Bottom: ceiling as built ( architect, Bornemann: a c o u s t i c consultants, Cremer and Gabler) Elliptical shapes need very special consideration It is vitally important that no source of sound is located near either of the foci as these will be focussed at the other focus They are best avoided but are a common architectural form In general the areas that need attention for echoes in theatres and concert halls are the rear wall, particularly the intersection of ceiling and rear wall and balcony fronts This may be achieved by the use of absorber or correct orientation of the surfaces Reflectors are often used in theatres and concert halls either to increase early reflections to parts of the seating area which are some distance from the source or more particularly in concert halls to increase diffusion Care must be paid to the size of the reflector as small reflectors will not reflect low frequency sound ( due to diffraction effects) and the reflection does not become fully specular until the dimensions of the reflector are several times larger than the wavelength of the sound Ringing and colouration are a phenomenon in small rooms that are caused by flutter echoes and standing waves Some acousticians will argue that these are essentially the same phenomena but it is easier to treat them separately A flutter echo is caused by repeated echo between two hard parallel surfaces and is most clearly noticeable when the surfaces in the other dimensions are absorbing Where the dimension of the space is small these appear as a ring but with larger dimensions can appear like (subdued) rapid machine gun fire They can be cured by treating one of the surfaces with absorber or where this could cause an unacceptable loss in reverberation such as in a recording studio by building the walls out of parallelan early acoustic version of deconstructivism Sound as a wave To understand standing waves it is necessary to understand a little about sound as a wave Sound in air is a longitudinal wave, that is the pressure fluctuations which are the sound wave take place in the direction of travel of the wave A pure tone is a sine wave where the wavelength is the distance between two successive compressions or rarefractions and the frequency is the number of waves that pass a point in space every second Fig The range of audible sound stretches from a frequency of 20 Hz to 20000 Hz ( Hz = Hertz = waves per second) As we grow older our hearing at the high frequencies falls off (presbycusis) Additionally hearing loss caused by excessive noise during a lifetime ( the permanent threshold shift as opposed to the temporary threshold shift which is experienced when coming out of a noisy space such as a disco) occurs at high frequencies around kHz Standing waves are caused by the incident and reflected wave at a surface interfering with each other The result is a series of nodes and antinodes in space, the former being places where there is no change in the relevant property ( e.g sound pressure) with time and the latter where the property fluctuates at a maximum A pressure fluctuation maximum (antinode) is produced against the wall whereas the air particles can barely move against the hard wall and give rise to a particle velocity node A partial standing wave is formed against any surface but a full standing wave will not be set up unless the nodes and antinodes from another partial standing wave formed against an opposite parallel surface coincide The room dimension under which this will occur is related to the wavelength by the expression:  ✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✍✌✝✎✑✏✒✎  ✂✁✓✏✕✔✖✔✘✗✚✙✜✛✢✗✣✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✔✘✄ ✆☞✁☞☛✧✦✩★✝✎✑  ✎✘✄✝✪✥✫✡✌ ✦✘✄✝✙✬✄✭✛ ✤✮✦✘✄✭✛✢✄✂✫✒✎✯✪✯✎✜✏ ✰✱✌✥✎✯✤✟✎✲✦✜✏✕✎✲✳✟✄✝✔✥☛✴✄✵✦✯✤✶✫✡✌✝✎✷✦✥✸✯✛ ✦✑ ✹✏✒✔✯✔✘✗ ✗✣✔✯✙✯✎✖✤✻✺✽✼✟✫✾✫✡✌✝✎✥✿❁❀✟✦✘✄❂✔✯❀✟❀✥✼✯✏❃✛❄✄❁✫❅☛✹✔❆✔✜✏✾✫❇✌✽✏✒✎✯✎ ✙✑✛❄✗❈✎❉✄✝✤✥✛ ✔✘✄✥✤❊✳✟✄✥✔✥☛✍✄❋✦✯✤✮❀✟✔✑✏●✏✒✎✯✤✩❍✝✔❉✄✝✙✑✛✢✄✥✪✑  ✿❊✦✯✤■✫✡✌✝✎❏✫✕✦❉✄✝✪✯✎✘✄✂✫●✛ ✦✜ ✂✦✘✄✝✙☞✔✘✺✘ ❑✛ ▲✜✼✂✎✬✗✣✔✯✙✯✎✯✤✥▼ ◆❖✛ ✪✬€❘◗❚❙❯✔✑✼✯✏✒❀✟✎❘✏✒✎✥❱ ✠✽❲❨❳✱✸✯✛ ✦✑ ✖❩✾✔✖✙✯✎✯✤ ✰❬✌✂✎☞✏❭✔✥✔✖✗❪✗✾✔✥✙✥✎✥✤✮◗✽❱✡✏❭✎✥▲✘✼❫✎✖✄✂❀✩✛ ✎✝✤❴❲❖❱❭✔✘✏✑✦❊✤✂✛ ✗■❍✯  ✎☞◗❬✼✂✄✂✙✥✦✖✗✣❍✂✎✯✙✯❲❵✏✒✎✯❀❴✫✒✦✘✄✝✪✑✼✯  ✦✑✏❛✏✕✔✖✔✘✗✚✦✜✏✕✎☞✪✜✛ ★✝✎✘✄ ✺✂✿✮✫✡✌✝✎☞✎✥✸✥❍✽✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✥✛ ✔✘✄✽❜ s ❤❥◗✡✄❦✞❡ ❧❲❁ s ❤❥◗✡✄❦✞❡ ❧❲♥s❵♠ t✈✉❄s ❱✒✁✭❀❝✞✡✠✽❞❡◗❇✄❢✞❣ ❴❲✐ ♦♣♦ q♣q r♣r ☛✍✌✥✎✑✏✒✎❏❱✇✛ ✤■✫✡✌✝✎❏❱●✏✕✎✖▲✑✼✂✎✘✄✝❀❴✿ ❀❏✛ ✤■✫❇✌✥✎①★✝✎✑  ✔✯❀✥✛ ✫❭✿❊✔✥❱❬✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙❘✛❄✄❋✦✑✛❑✏❛◗❬②✯③✯④✬✗✍✞⑤✤✮✦✥✫❛✏✒✔✯✔✘✗❪✫✕✎✘✗✮❍✽▼⑥❲ ✄ ✦✑✏✒✎❘✛❄✄✂✫✕✎✖✪✯✎✑✏✒✤ ⑧ ♦ ⑦ ⑧ q ⑦ r ✦✘✄✝✙❘  ✦✑✏✒✎❏✫❇✌✥✎❘✏✕✔✖✔✘✗✚✙✜✛✢✗✣✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✔✘✄✝✤ ♦⑧⑦ q⑧⑦ r ⑨✢❱✑✦☞✏❭✔✥✔✖✗⑩✛ ✤♣❀✂✼✩✺✯✛ ❀❢✫✒✌✂✎☞✏❅✔✝✔✖✗❪✗✾✔✥✙✥✎✥✤♣✦✘✏❭✎✮☛✍✛ ✙✥✎✘  ✿✣✤✟❍✂✦✥❀❴✎✝✙①✦✂✫✘✫✒✌✂✎☞  ✔✩☛❶✎✘✏✘❱❇✏❭✎✥▲✘✼✟✎✯✄✂❀✩✛ ✎✥✤♣✦✯✄✂✙❊❀❴✦✘✄   ✎✥✦✥✙✮✫❭✔■★✂✎✘✏❭✿❏❍✝✔✖✔✑✏❯✦✖❀✟✔✑✼✂✤❴✫●✛ ❀✟✤✥▼✯❷❸✛ ✫❇✌❋✤✩✗✣✦✑ ❹ ✯✏✒✔✯✔✘✗⑩✙✑✛✢✗✣✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✔✘✄✝✤■✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✩✌✝✔✑✏❅✫✒✎✯✤❴✫❺☛✧✦✩★✝✎✑  ✎❉✄✝✪✥✫✡✌❊✫✕✔ ✪✘✛ ★❻✎❼✏❇✛ ✤❴✎❊✫✒✔☞✦☞✤❴✫✕✦❉✄✝✙✑✛✢✄✥✪❏☛✹✦✩★✝✎❘✛ ✤✣☛❢✛ ✫✡✌✽✛✢✄❊✫✡✌✝✎☞✦✑✼✩✙✑✛✢✺✽  ✎❘✏✒✦✘✄✝✪✯✎☞✎✑▼⑥✪❏❱✒✔✑✏❯✦❘✏✒✔✯✔❉✗✚✙✑✛❄✗✣✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✔❉✄❋✔✥❱ ②✘▼❑③✖✗❽✦☞✏❭✔✥✔✖✗⑩✗✣✔✯✙✯✎❘◗✒✦✘✄❋✦✥✸✯✛ ✦✑ ✥✗✣✔✯✙✯✎✖❲❾✛ ✤■❱✒✔✑✏✡✗✣✎✯✙☞✦✥✫❯€✖④❘❿✇➀✮✦✘✄✝✙❘✛ ❱❺✫✡✌✝✎❘✏✒✔✯✔✘✗➁✛ ✤✮❀✥✼✥✺✽✛ ❀✣✫✡✌✝✎ ✄✝✎✥✸✟✫➂✗✣✔✯✙✯✎❥◗✒✦❼✫✕✦✘✄✥✪✯✎✘✄✂✫●✛ ✦✑ ✖✗✣✔✯✙✯✎✯❲❛☛✧✔✑✼✯  ✙❘✺✝✎✬✦✥✫✱➃❬➄❋❿❛➀✥▼❯◆✘✔✑✏➅  ✦✜✏✕✪✖✎✑✏✇✏✒✔✯✔❉✗✚✙✑✛❄✗✣✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✔❉✄✝✤■✫❇✌✝✎ ❱❇✼✩✄✂✙✥✦✯✗♣✎✖✄❫✫❅✦✽ ❴✤➆✫❅✦✯✄✂✙✘✛ ✄✂✪✮☛❶✦❻★❻✎✥✤❢☛✧✌✂✎✘✏❭✎✮✫➇✌❻✎❼  ✦✽✏❅✪✥✎❊✤✟❍✂✦✥❀✩✛ ✄❻✪❃☛✍✛❑ ❑ ✩✔✯❀✟❀✥✼✯✏❬✦✑✏✒✎✬✺✝✎✑  ✔➈☛❾✫❇✌✥✎☞✦✑✼✂✙✑✛❄✺✽  ✎ ✏❭✦✖✄✂✪✥✎❊✦✖✄✂✙❊✤❧✔❃✫✒✌✂✎✽✏❅✎☞✛ ✤✮  ✎✥✤❧✤♣✔✩❱✑✦❏❍✯✏❭✔✖✺✯  ✎✖✗➉▼✘⑨⑥✄➉✔✘✏❭✙✥✎✘✏✘✫❭✔❊✦❻★❻✔✘✛ ✙❊✦✥✤❢❱❭✦✘✏✑✦✯✤①❍✝✔✯✤✟✤✥✛❄✺✽  ✎❏✫✡✌✝✎✯✤✟✎❘  ✔✥☛ ❱●✏✕✎✖▲✑✼✂✎✘✄✝❀❴✿❁✤❴✫✒✦✘✄✝✙✑✛❄✄✝✪✻☛✧✦✩★✝✎➊❍✽✏✒✔✘✺✽  ✎❉✗❈✤✵✏✒✔✯✔✘✗ ✙✑✛❄✗✣✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✔❉✄✝✤✶✦✑✏✒✎❾❀✩✌✝✔✯✤✟✎✘✄✐❱✒✔✑✏✾✦✯❀✟✔✑✼✩✤❴✫⑤✛ ❀✟✦✑ ❑  ✿ ❀✩✏❇✛ ✫❇✛ ❀❴✦✘ ❧✤❻❍❻✦✥❀❴✎✥✤❢✫❭✔❏❍✯✏❭✔✥✙✘✼✟❀❧✎❊✦✥✤■✗♣✦✯✄✟✿✣✎❻★✂✎✯✄✯  ✿✣✤❻❍✂✦✝❀❴✎✥✙❏✗✾✔✥✙✥✎✥✤♣✦✥✤✮❍✝✔✯✤✟✤✥✛❄✺✽  ✎✜▼✽➋❈✄✝✎☞❀✟✔✘✗✮✗✣✔✘✄✽  ✿ ✼✂✤✟✎✯✙❘✏✒✔✯✔❉✗➌✏✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔❘✛ ✤✣✫✡✌✝✎❘➍✒✪✯✔✑  ✙✯✎✘✄✭✏✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔✘➎✘✄➏❜✯✠ t✈✉❄➐ ✄➏❜✖✠ s✒✉✢➐ ✄ ♦ q r ☛✍✌✥✎✑✏✒✎✬✄ ♦⑧⑦ q⑧⑦ r ✦✑✏✒✎❘✛✢✄✩✫✕✎✯✪✖✎✑✏✒✤ ⑨✢❱✑✦✘ ✢ ✂✛ ✄✟✫❭✎✥✪✥✎✽✏❅✤♣✁❥➄✴✫✒✌✂✎✯✄■✫✒✌✯✛ ✤■❍➈✏❅✔✥✙✽✼✟❀❴✎✥✤♣✦☞✏❭✦✩✫❇✛ ✔❘➄■❜❺➄✟▼✢✠✯➑☞❜❖➄✟▼❑➑✘▼✂❳❛✄✂✔✩✫✒✌✂✎✽✏✑✤✩✼✟✪✝✪✥✎✥✤❴✫●✛ ✔✘✄❊❱●✏✒✔✘✗➒✫✡✌✝✎ ➓✱➓❺➔→✛✢✄✭➣✂✔✘✄✥✙✯✔✘✄✭✛ ✤❏✛❄✄✭✏✕✎✜  ✦✥✫●✛ ✔✘✄❊✫✒✔❘✏✒✔✯✔✘✗↔✌✝✎✑✛ ✪✘✌✂✫❶➄✩▼❇➄❧③☞❤✩✞●↕✇④✑▼✡➄❊❜✱➄✩▼➙③☞❤✩✞⑤↕❛④✑▼✡➄❧③❘◗●✏✒✎✥❱❯②✯❲❡▼ ✰❬✌✂✎☞✛ ✄✂❀✂✏❅✎✥✦✝✤❴✎☞✛ ✄✣✫➇✌❻✎➛✄➈✼✩✗■✺✝✎✑✏❬✔✥❱✱✗✣✔✯✙✯✎✖✤✣☛❢✛ ✫✡✌❊❱⑤✏✒✎✯▲✜✼✂✎✘✄✝❀❴✿❊❀✟✦✘✄☞✺✝✎☞✤✩✌✥✔✥☛✍✄❊❱●✏✒✔✘✗✚✦❉✄✝✦✑  ✿✂✤✥✛ ✤✮✔✥❱ ✦➜  ✦✑✏✒✪✯✎✓✌✥✦✑ ❑ ➈☛❦✛ ✫❇✌✬✙✑✛✢✗✣✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✔✘✄✝✤❏€✖④✘✗↔✸❏✠✽③✘✗↔✸✶➄❧③✘✗↔☛❦✛ ✫❇✌✬✦❼★✝✔✑ ❹✼✥✗✣✎❘✔✥❱✴➄❧➑☎✆✯④✯④➝✗ ➐ ☛✴✌✽✛ ❀✩✌ ✺✝✎✥✫❅☛✹✎✖✎✘✄☞④☞✫✒✔❸➄❧④✬④✯④✯④✓❿✇➀①✌✝✦✯✤✮✦✘✺✝✔✜✼✟✫❶➄✂▼⑥✆❏✸❘➄❧④ ➞ ✗✣✔✯✙✯✎✯✤✮✦✘✄✝✙☞✦➈✫❶➄❧④✯④✖④❘❿✇➀■✫❇✌✥✎✬✄✽✼✥✗✮✺✝✎✑✏❬✔✥❱ ✗✣✔✯✙✯✎✯✤❏✛ ✤➉✦❉✺✝✔✑✼✟✫❬€✯③✯④✯④✬❍✝✎✜✏✇❿❛➀✥◗✇✏✒✎✥❱❬③✯❲❡▼ ➟✱➠✽➡☞➢✑➡✯➤✯➥➈➦✭➧✖➨♥➩✯➧❖➫✑➭✽➢✓➯❅➭❘➲➳➧✑➧❖➵❊➩ ❳❚✫➅✎✯✦✯❀✩✌➝✏✒✎✥❱●  ✎✯❀❴✫●✛ ✔✘✄➸✔✥❱➂✦❥✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙❘☛✹✦✝★✝✎➸❱●✏✒✔✘✗➺✦❥✤✥✼✯✏❅❱✕✦✯❀✟✎✜➻✇✼✥✄✽  ✎✖✤✟✤❋✫✡✌✝✦✥✫➂✤✥✼✯✏❅❱✒✦✯❀✟✎✶✛ ✤➸✛❄✄✂❱⑤✛❄✄✽✛ ✫✒✎✑  ✿ ✌✂✦✘✏❭✙✘➻✝✦❼✏❭✎✥✙✘✼❫❀➼✫❇✛ ✔✖✄❋✛ ✄➉✦✖✗■❍➈ ✢✛ ✫✡✼❫✙✥✎❊✔✩❱✘✫❇✌✥✎❘✛✢✄✝❀✥✛ ✙✯✎✘✄✂✫❬✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙❏☛❢✛❑ ❑ ✩✔✯❀✟❀✥✼✯✏●▼❺⑨❹❱❺✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✥✙☞✤✟✔✑✼✯✏✒❀✟✎❘✛✢✄ ✦❘✏✒✔✯✔✘✗➁✛ ✤✮✤❴☛❦✛ ✫✕❀✩✌✥✎✯✙☞✔✥❱❅❱❺✫✡✌✽✛ ✤✮❀✟✦✑✼✂✤✟✎✖✤✣✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼➈✄✝✙❏❱⑤✛ ✎✑  ✙❘✛❄✄❊✫❇✌✥✎❘✏✕✔✖✔✘✗➒✫✒✔☞✙✯✎✯❀✟✦➈✿✯▼✯✰✱✌✘✛ ✤✮✙✯✎✯❀✟✦✥✿ ✛ ✤✮❀✟✔✘✗✮✗✣✔✘✄✽  ✿❊❀✟✦✑ ❑  ✎✯✙❏✫❇✌✥✎❘✏✕✎✝★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✑✏✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔✘✄❋✔✥❱❖✫❇✌✥✎❘✏✕✔✖✔✘✗❊▼ ✰❚✌✥✎☎✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙☎❍✘✏✕✎✖✤✟✤✥✼✯✏✒✎✓  ✎✩★✝✎✑ ❉✛✢✄☞✦✓✏✒✔✯✔✘✗➽✛ ✤➛✗✣✎✯✦✯✤✥✼✯✏✒✎✯✙✓✛❄✄☞✙✯✎✯❀✥✛❄✺✝✎✑  ✤❃☛✴✌✽✛ ❀✩✌❘✛ ✤❊✦✓  ✔✯✪✯✦✑✏●✛ ✫❇✌✯✗❊✛ ❀ ✤✟❀✟✦✑  ✎✑▼ s ✔✑✏❺✠✘④❘  ✔✯✪❘◗●➾✯✞❡➾❥❲ ⑨❹✫✇✛ ✤✮✙✯✎➈❱⑤✛❄✄✝✎✯✙✬✺✂✿✮✫✡✌✝✎☞✎✥✸✥❍✽✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✥✛ ✔✘✄✭➣➁✁❸➄❧④❘  ✔✯✪➜➄❧④❘  ✔✖✪❘◗⑤➾✖✞❣➾❥❲❁ ➚ ➪ ➪ ☛✍✌✥✎✑✏✒✎❘➣✥❍✭✛ ✤■✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙✬❍✘✏✕✎✖✤✟✤✥✼✯✏✒✎❘  ✎✩★✝✎✑ ✖✛✢✄❋✙✑➓❥✦✘✄✥✙ ➾❸✛ ✤■✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙✬❍✘✏✕✎✖✤✟✤✥✼✯✏✒✎❘◗✇➾❺✦✖✤✟❀✟✦✑  ✤✮✔✑✏❛➶❺✞➹✗✚s ❲❛✦✘✄✝✙ ➾ ✛ ✤■✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✥✙✬❍✽✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✥✼✯✏✒✎☞✦✥✫❺✫✡✌✝✎❏✫✡✌✽✏✒✎✯✤✩✌✝✔✑  ✙☞✔✥❱✱✌✥✎✯✦✑✏●✛✢✄✝✪☞✦➈✫❶➄❧④✯④✖④❘❿✇➀✥▼☞☛✴✌✽✛ ❀✩✌✭✛ ✤ ➪ ✫✒✦✘✳❧✎✘✄ ✦✯✤■✠☞✸➸➄❴④ ➘✢➴ ➾❖✦✯✤✟❀✟✦✑  ✤✥▼ ❳➅  ✫❭✎✘✏✒✄✂✦✩✫❇✛ ★✂✎✽  ✿♣✫➇✌❻✎❼✛ ✄❫✫❅✎✯✄✂✤✩✛ ✫➷✿❊  ✎❻★❻✎✘ ✩✛ ✄➉✦☞✏❭✔✥✔✖✗⑩◗✑✦❏✗✾✎✯✦✖✤✥✼✯✏✒✎☞✔✥❱❯✎✘✄✥✎✑✏✒✪✥✿☞✏✕✦➈✫❇✌✝✎✜✏❺✫✡✌✝✦✘✄☞❍✽✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✥✼✖✏✕✎✖❲ ✛ ✤✮✪✑✛ ★✝✎✘✄☞✺✂✿✮✫✡✌✝✎☞✎✥✸✥❍✽✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✥✛ ✔✘✄ ➣❸✁❸➄❧④❘  ✔✯✪❘◗●⑨ ✞❡⑨✽❲ ➬ ➪ ☛✍✌✥✎✑✏✒✎❘➣✻✛ ✤■✫❇✌✝✎❘✛❄✄✂✫✒✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✫❅✿☞  ✎✩★✝✎✜ ✯✛✢✄❋✙✑➓ ➬ ✦✘✄✝✙❘⑨❖✛ ✤■✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙❘✛❄✄✂✫✒✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✫❅✿☞✛✢✄❊❷☞✞➹✗ s ✦✖✄✂✙☞⑨❋✛ ✤■✫❇✌✝✎❘✏✒✎✥❱✒✎✑✏✒✎✘✄✝❀✟✎☞✤✟✔✜✼✥✄✝✙❘✛✢✄✩✫✕✎✘✄✥✤✥✛ ✫❅✿➉☛✴✌✽✛ ❀✩✌✭✛ ✤✮❀✩✌✝✔✯✤✟✎✘✄❋✦✯✤✬➄❧④ ➘ ✕t s ☞ ❷ ✞⑧✗ s ✤✟✔❏✫❇✌✥✦✥✫✇➣➁✁❥➣ ➬ ➪ ➚ ✛✢✄❋✦❏❱●✏✒✎✯✎❏❱●✛ ✎✑  ✙❘◗❺✫✡✌✝✦✥✫❛✛ ✤■☛❦✛ ✫❇✌✝✔✜✼✟✫❯✦✘✄✩✿➛✏✒✎✥❱●  ✎✖❀❴✫⑤✛❄✄✝✪☞✤✥✼✯✏❅❱✕✦✖❀✟✎✯✤✟❲ ➶➅✔❺✛ ✤✟✎✯✤❽✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙➮✙✜✛ ❱❅❱✕✎✑✏✒✎✘✄✩✫⑤  ✿➱✦✖❀✟❀✟✔✑✏✒✙✑✛✢✄✝✪⑩✫✒✔⑩✫✡✌✝✎⑩❱⑤✏✒✎✯▲✜✼✂✎✘✄✝❀❴✿➒❀✟✔✘✄✂✫✒✎✘✄✂✫✭✔✥❱➛✫✡✌✝✎➁✄✝✔✜✛ ✤✟✎➮✦✘✄✝✙ ✗ ✎✯✦✯✤✥✼✯✏✒✎✘✗✣✎✘✄✩✫✕✤❼✦✑✏✒✎✬✔➈❱❭✫✒✎✘✄➸✗❈✦✖✙✯✎✓✛❄✄❏❱●✏✒✎✯▲✑✼✂✎❉✄✝❀❴✿❼✺✝✦❉✄✝✙✯✤✥▼✃⑨❐✄✬✺✽✼✖✛❑  ✙✜✛✢✄✝✪➸✦✯❀✟✔✑✼✂✤❴✫●✛ ❀✟✤❊✫❇✌✥✎✯✤✟✎✬✦✜✏✕✎ ✣ ✪✘✎✑✄✝✎✜✏✕✦✜ ❑  ✿❒✛✢✄➏✔✯❀❴✫✒✦✩★✝✎❮✔✑✏❾➄❰✞●②✑✏✒✙❮✔✯❀❴✫✒✦✩★✝✎ ✺✝✦✘✄✝✙✯✤✥▼❼✰✱✌✝✎✯✤✟✎ ✺✝✦❉✄✝✙✯✤Ï❱✕✔✑ ❹  ✔✥☛ ✦❮✪✯✎✖✔✘✗✣✎✥✫⑤✏●✛ ❀ ❍✯✏❭✔✥✪✘✏❭✎✥✤❴✤✂✛ ✔✖✄✯▼✂❳❛✄➉✔✥❀➼✫❭✦❻★❻✎➛✺❻✦✖✄✂✙☞✛ ✤❢✫✒✌✂✎❊✪✘✏❅✔✑✼✥❍❋✔✥❱❖❱⑤✏✒✎✯▲✑✼✩✎✘✄✝❀✥✛ ✎✖✤❊✺✥✎✥✫❭☛✧✎✯✎✘✄❋✔✘✄✥✎❏❱⑤✏✒✎✯▲✑✼✩✎✘✄✝❀❴✿❊✦✘✄✝✙ ✫❅☛❦✛ ❀✟✎❼✫✡✌✝✦✥✫❬❱●✏✒✎✯▲✑✼✂✎✘✄✥❀❴✿❋✎✑▼⑥✪✑▼✑€✯④✯④✭↕❢➄❴④✯④✯④❥❿❛➀✥▼✘✰✱✌✝✎✬✤❴✫✕✦✘✄✥✙✯✦✑✏✒✙☞✔✯❀❴✫✒✦✩★✝✎✬✺✝✦✘✄✝✙✖✤❊✄✥✔✥☛❽✼✂✤✟✎✯✙☞✦✜✏✕✎ ✙✯✎✥✤✟❀✥✏●✛✢✺✝✎✖✙✬✺✂✿✮✫❇✌✝✎✜✛❑✏❬❀✟✎✘✄✂✫●✏✕✎❏❱●✏✒✎✯▲✑✼✂✎❉✄✝❀✥✛ ✎✯✤■☛✴✌✽✛ ❀✩✌❋✦✑✏✒✎❏✫✡✌✝✎✬✺✝✔✥✫❅✫✒✔✘✗➒❱●✏✒✎✯▲✑✼✂✎❉✄✝❀❴✿☞✛✢✄❊✫✡✌✝✎✬✺✝✦✘✄✝✙❏✸ ➄✥▼➷③❬➄❧③✑▼❵➄❰✞●②✑✏✒✙☎✔✯❀❴✫✒✦✩★✝✎✯✤☞✦✑✏✒✎☎✔✖❀❴✫✕✦✩★✝✎➜✺✝✦✘✄✥✙✯✤➛✙✑✛ ★✽✛ ✙✯✎✖✙✶✛❄✄✂✫✕✔❘✫✡✌✽✏✒✎✯✎➝❍✥✦✑✏❅✫✕✤❏❱✕✔✑ ❹  ✔✥☛❢✛✢✄✝✪❘✫✡✌✝✎☎✤✟✦❉✗❈✎ ✪✯✎✯✔❉✗❈✎➈✫⑤✏●✛ ❀①❍✽✏✒✔✯✪✜✏✕✎✖✤✟✤✥✛ ✔✘✄✽▼ ✰❬✌✂✎❊✤➼✫❭✦✖✄❻✙✥✦✘✏❭✙①✔✝❀➼✫❭✦❻★✂✎❏✺✂✦✯✄✂✙✥✤♣✦✘✏❭✎☞◗✑✦✘✼✟✙✘✛ ✺➈  ✎❼✏❭✦✖✄✂✪✝✎✥❲❬②❖➄✟▼❑€✘➻✽➑✯②✑➻❚➄➆✠✽€✑➻✖✠✽€✯④✑➻✘€✯④✯④✑➻❚➄❧④✯④✯④✜➻✯✠✽④✯④✖④✑➻ ③✥④✥④✝④✘➻✥✆✥④✝④✥④✘➻❖➄Ð➑✥④✥④✥④☞❿✱➀✩▼✑Đ✑✸✂✦✘✗✮❍✽  ✎✖✤➉✔➈❱❺✫✡✌✝✎➜➄❰✞●②✑✏✒✙☞✔✯❀❴✫✕✦✝★✝✎✬✺✝✦✘✄✝✙✯✤✮✦✑✏✒✎➜➄❧④✖④✑➻✱➄➆✠✘€✑➻✱➄❧➑✖④✑➻✯✠✽④✖④✑➻ ✠✯€✥④✽➻✥②❖➄➆€✽➻✥③✥④✥④✽➻✥€✥④✥④✽➻✥➑✥②✥④✽➻✥✆✥④✥④✽➻❖➄➆④✥④✝④①✎✂✫❅❀✂▼✥❳✇✤✮✦☞❀✟✔✘✗✮❍✝✦✜✏⑤✛ ✤✟✔✘✄❊☛❦✛ ✫❇✌☞✗❊✼✂✤✥✛ ❀✟✦✑ ✟✫✒✔✯✎✯✤①✗❊✛ ✙✯✙✜  ✎☞➔ ✔✘✄❋✦✬❍✽✛ ✦✘✄✝✔✬✳❧✎✥✿✥✺✥✔✯✦✑✏✒✙❘✛ ✤■✠✽€✯➑❘❿❛➀✥▼ ✰❬✌✂✎☞✏❭✎❻★✂✎✘✏✒✺✂✎✘✏❭✦✩✫❇✛ ✔✖✄➌✛ ✄✮✦☞✏❭✔✯✔❉✗➌✛ ✤➉❀✩✌✥✦✑✏✒✦✯❀❴✫✕✎✜✏⑤✛ ✤✟✎✯✙✬✺✂✿✮✫✡✌✝✎❘✏✒✎✩★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✑✏✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔✘✄❊✫●✛✢✗✣✎❘◗●Ị✱✰❬❲✇✙✖✎✥❱⑤✛❄✄✝✎✯✙ ✦✥✤❢✫✒✌✂✎✮✫❇✛ ✗♣✎☞✛ ✫✽✫❅✦✯✳➆✎✥✤❢❱❭✔✘✏✑✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙❘  ✎✩★✝✎✑ ✟✫✒✔☞✙✯✎✯❀✟✦➈✿❋✺✩✿❃➑✖④☞✙✑➓❥✔✑✏❖❱✕✔✑✏❖✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙☞✎❉✄✝✎✑✏✒✪✥✿☞✛✢✄ ✫✒✌✂✎❊✤❻❍✂✦✝❀❴✎✮✫❭✔①✙✝✎✥❀❴✦✩✿♣✫❭✔❊✔✖✄✂✎❏✗➉✛✢ ✢ ✢✛ ✔✖✄✟✫✒✌➉✔✩❱❬✛ ✫❭✤♣✔✘✏❇✛ ✪✘✛ ✄✂✦✽ Ð★❻✦✘ ✢✼✟✎✘▼✽⑨❹✫✇✛ ✤①✗❈✎✖✦✯✤✥✼✯✏✒✎✯✙❘✼✂✤✥✛❄✄✝✪☞✎✑✛ ✫✡✌✝✎✑✏❬✦✘✄ ✛✢✗✮❍✽✼✖  ✤✥✛ ★✝✎❥✤✟✔✑✼✯✏✒❀✟✎☎✤✥✼✂❀✩✌✭✦✯✤➛✦❘✤❴✫✒✦✑✏❅✫⑤✛❄✄✝✪✓❍✽✛ ✤❴✫✕✔✜ ✯✔✑✏♥✺✩✿☞✤❴☛❦✛ ✫✕❀✩✌✽✛❄✄✝✪❘✔➈❱❭❱❛✦✬☛✴✌✽✛ ✫✒✎❘✔✜✏♥❍✽✛✢✄✯✳➛✄✝✔✑✛ ✤✟✎ ✤❴✔✽✼✥✏❅❀❧✎❏✦✘✄✝✙✬✗✣✎✯✦✯✤✥✼✖✏⑤✛❄✄✝✪❏✫✡✌✝✎☞✙✯✎✯❀✟✦✥✿✯▼✖✰✱✌✽✛ ✤✮✙✯✎✯❀✟✦✥✿☞✛ ✤❏✼✂✤✥✼✩✦✑ ❑  ✿❋✗✣✎✯✦✖✤✥✼✯✏✒✎✯✙☞✔✩★✝✎✑✏❖✠✽④☞✙✑➓❥✔✑✏❬②✯④ ✙✑➓✓❱●✏✒✔✘✗➮↕●€☞✫✒✔✭↕✡✠✽€✭✙✜➓➝✔✑✏✱↕●€☞✫✒✔✭↕●②✯€✬✙✑➓❸✺✘✼✟✫✱✦✑  ☛✧✦✥✿✂✤❊✎✥✸✥❍✽✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✟✎✖✙✭✦✯✤❊✦❉✄❋✎✯▲✑✼✯✛ ★✝✦✑  ✎✘✄✩✫❯➑✯④☞✙✑➓ ✙✘✎✽❀✟✦✥✿✯▼✴✰❚✌✝✎✲✎✯✦✑✏●  ✿❂✙✖✎✯❀✟✦✥✿✵✫⑤✛❄✗✣✎❪◗⑤Đ❚Ĩ✱✰❯❲❼✗✣✎✯✦✯✤✥✼✯✏✒✎✯✙➊❱●✏✒✔✘✗ ④➊✫✕✔✲↕Ơ➄❧④✲✙✑➓❚➻✍✫✡✌✝✔✑✼✂✪✘✌✷✦✖✪✯✦✑✛✢✄ ✎✥✸✥❍✽✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✟✎✖✙❘✦✯✤❃✫✡✌✝✎✬✎✯▲✑✼✯✛ ★✝✦✑  ✎❉✄✂✫✱➑✯④✬✙✜➓➜✙✯✎✯❀✟✦✥✿✯➻✃✛ ✤➛✗✣✔✑✏✒✎✬❀✥  ✔✯✤✟✎✑  ✿✬✏✕✎✜  ✦✥✫✒✎✯✙❼✫✒✔❼✫❇✌✝✎✬✤✥✼➈✺✟Õ✈✎✯❀❴✫●✛ ★✝✎ ✢✛ ✗✮❍✽✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✥✛ ✔✘✄Ư✔➈❱✣✙✯✎✖❀✟✦✥✿✯▼✧✰❚✌✽✛ ✤❆✛ ✤❁❀✟✦✑  ❀✥✼✖  ✦✥✫✒✎✯✙➱✼✂✤✥✛❄✄✝✪❆✫✡✌✝✎➱➍✡❙❯❀✩✌✽✏✒✔✯✙✖✎✑✏①✏✕✎✝★✝✎✑✏✒✤✟✎➱✛✢✄✂✫✒✎✯✪✑✏✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔❉✄✯➎ ✫❇✎✘❀✩✌✯✄✽✛ ▲✜✼✂✎✑▼✱⑨➷✄☞✦✑ ❹ ✥❀✟✦✯✤✟✎✯✤❃✫✡✌✝✎✓Ị✱✰❨✔✑✏➅Đ❚Ĩ✱✰❸✤✩✌✝✔✜✼✯  ✙☎✺✝✎☎✗✣✎✯✦✖✤✥✼✯✏✒✎✯✙✓✛✢✄☞✔✯❀❴✫✒✦✩★✝✎☎✺✝✦❉✄✝✙✯✤①✔✑✏×➄❰✞⑤② ✔✯❀❴✫✒✦✩★✝✎✬✺✝✦✘✄✥✙✯✤✮✦✯✤■✫❇✌✝✎☞✦❉✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡✺✽✛✢✄✥✪✬❍✽✏✒✔✘❍✝✎✑✏❅✫●✛ ✎✯✤✮✔✥❱❖✫❇✌✝✎☞✤✥✼✖✏❭❱✒✦✯❀✟✎✯✤■☛❢✛❑ ❑ ❫★✝✦✑✏❅✿➉☛❢✛ ✫✡✌❊❱⑤✏✒✎✯▲✜✼✂✎✘✄✝❀❴✿✯▼ ◆ ✛❽✪ ➑ ❩♣✎✯✦✯✤✥✼✯✏✒✎✘✗✣✎✘✄✩✫❯✔✥❱❛Ị✇✎✩★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✜✏✕✦➈✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄❊✰✇✛❄✗❈✎ Ø➂➧✑➧❖➵❊➩①➨❣➧❖➲➂Ù❛Ú✽➡✖➡✯➤✘➠ ✰❛✌➈✎✲✤❴✫⑤✏●✼✂❀❴✫●✼✯✏✒✎Ư✔➈❱■✤✩❍✥✎✯✎✯❀✩✌❆❀✟✔❉✄✝✤✥✛ ✤❴✫✒✤✻✔✥❱➉❀✟✔✘✗✮✺✽✛❄✄✝✦✥✫●✛ ✔✘✄✝✤✵✔✥❱♣★✝✔✥☛✹✎✑  ✤✻✦✘✄✝✙✲❀✟✔✘✄✝✤✟✔✘✄✥✦✘✄✂✫✒✤✐✫✕✔ ❍✽✏✒✔✯✙✑✼✩❀✟✎➛★✝✔✑✛ ❀✟✎❼✫✕✔✘✄✥✎✯✤❊✤✟✔✘✗✣✎✥✫●✛✢✗✣✎✯✤❊❀✟✦✜ ❑  ✎✖✙❥➍❅❱✕✔✜✏❇✗✣✦✘✄✩✫✕✤✩➎✯☛✴✌✽✛ ❀✩✌☞❀✟✦✘✄✭✺✝✎➛★✝✦✑✏●✛ ✎✯✙✬✔✩★✝✎✑✏❬✦☞✤✩✗✣✦✑ ❑  ❱❇✏❅✎✝▲✘✼✟✎✖✄✂❀➆✿❊✏❅✦✯✄✂✪✥✎☞◗❖❍✯✛ ✫❭❀❻✌❻❲❚✺✟✿♣✫✒✌✂✎❏❍✂✎✘✏❭✤❴✔✖✄❊✺✯✼❧✫✑✦✘✏❭✎❊✪✥✎✖✄✂✎✘✏❭✦✑ ❹  ✿❊❀✩✌✝✦✑✏✒✦✯❀❴✫✒✎✑✏●✛ ✤❴✫●✛ ❀✮✔✥❱❖✫❇✌✝✎❏☛✧✦✥✿✮✫❇✌✥✦✥✫ ❍✂✎✘✏❭✤❴✔✯✄✮✤✟❍✂✎✥✦✖✳Ð✤✩▼✽◆✯✎✖✗♣✦✽  ✎✥✤■✌✂✦❻★❻✎①✪✝✎✖✄✂✎✘✏❭✦✘ ✢  ✿✣✦❏✌✯✛ ✪✖✌✂✎✽✏❖❍✯✛ ✫❭❀❻✌❋✏❭✎✥✪✘✛ ✔✖✄✣✫✒✌✂✦✖✄❊✗✾✦✘  ✎✥✤✮✛ ✄✣☛✧✌✯✛ ❀❻✌✣✫✒✌✂✎✘✛✢✏ ❱✒✔✑✏✡✗❈✦❉✄✂✫✕✤✮✔✯❀✟❀✥✼✖✏⑤▼ ❙❬❍✂✎✝✎✥❀❻✌❋✛ ✤✮✼✩✄✂✙✝✎✘✏❅✤➆✫❭✔✥✔✥✙❏✗♣✦✽✛ ✄✯  ✿✮✺✟✿♣✫✡✌✝✎☞✔✩★✝✎✑✏❅✫✒✔✘✄✝✎✯✤✮✔✑✏❚✌✝✦✑✏✡✗✣✔✘✄✽✛ ❀✟✤➉✔❉✄❊✫❇✌✝✎☞❀✟✔❉✄✝✤✟✔✘✄✝✦✘✄✩✫✕✤✥▼✖✰✱✌✝✎ ✛✢✗✮❍✝✔✜✏❭✫✒✦✘✄✂✫❖❱⑤✏✒✎✯▲✜✼✂✎✘✄✝❀❴✿☞✏✒✦✘✄✝✪✯✎❏❱✒✔✑✏❛✼✥✄✝✙✯✎✜✏✕✤❴✫✒✦✘✄✝✙✜✛✢✄✝✪☞✤✩❍✝✎✖✎✯❀✩✌✭✛ ✤①✺✝✎✥✫❅☛✹✎✖✎✘✄❋€✯④✯④☞↕❛③✯④✯④✯④❘❿❛➀✥▼ ✰❬✌✂✎☞ ✢✛ ✤➼✫❭✎✖✄❻✎✘✏❖✌✂✎✥✦✽✏❅✤♣✦❊✙✘✛✢✏❭✎✥❀➼✫❉✤❴✔✘✼✂✄✂✙✮❱✡✏❭✔✖✗✲✫✒✌✂✎❊✤✟❍✂✎✥✦✖✳Ð✎✘✏❺✦❉✄✝✙❏✫❇✌✥✎✘✄❊✫❇✌✥✎❘✏✕✎➈❱⑤  ✎✯❀❴✫✕✎✖✙☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙✯✤✥▼✖✰❯✔ ✏❭✎✘✛ ✫❭✎✘✏❅✦✂✫❅✎❊✎✥✦✽✏✡ ✢✛ ✎✘✏❉✤➼✫❭✦✩✫❭✎✖✗✾✎✖✄✟✫❭✤✩➻✂✫➇✌❻✔✥✤❴✎☞✏❭✎➈❱⑤  ✎✯❀❴✫✕✎✖✙☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙✯✤✮✦✑✏●✏●✛ ★✽✛❄✄✝✪❏☛❦✛ ✫❇✌✘✛✢✄❋€✯④✬✗✣✤✮✔✥❱❺✫✡✌✝✎☞✙✑✛❹✏✒✎✯❀❴✫ ✤❴✔✽✼✩✄✂✙❊✦✘✏❭✎➛✄❻✔✩✫✑✙✘✛ ✤➆✫❇✛ ✄✂✪✘✼✥✛ ✤✟✌✂✦✖✺✯  ✎✬✺✂✿✮✫❇✌✥✎☞✎✯✦✑✏●▼❺Đ✑❱❅❱✒✎✯❀❴✫⑤✛ ★✝✎✑  ✿✮✫✡✌✝✎☞✎✯✦✑✏❚✌✝✦✯✤✮✦☞❀✟✎✑✏❅✫✒✦✑✛✢✄✭✛❄✄✂✫✒✎✯✪✑✏✒✦✥✫●✛✢✄✝✪ ✫●✛✢✗✣✎✑▼❖✰❚✌✝✎✯✤✟✎❘✎✯✦✑✏●  ✿❘✏✒✎✥❱●  ✎✯❀❴✫●✛ ✔✘✄✥✤❋❀✟✔✘✄✩✫⑤✏●✛✢✺✘✼✟✫✕✎✬✫✒✔✬✫❇✌✝✎➜  ✎✩★✝✎✑ ✯✔✥❱✱✫✡✌✝✎❘✙✑✛❹✏✕✎✖❀❴✫✇✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙✬☛✴✌✽✛❑  ✎✭✫✡✌✝✔✯✤✟✎ ✦✘✏❇✏✡✛ ★➈✛ ✄✂✪❊✦✩❱➷✫❭✎✘✏✑€✥④✖✗✾✤♣❀❴✔✯✄✟✫❇✏✡✛ ✺✯✼❧✫❅✎✮✫❭✔✮✫✒✌✂✎❊✪✥✎✖✄✂✎✘✏❭✦✘ ✂✏❅✎✟★✂✎✘✏✒✺✂✎✘✏❭✦✩✫❇✛ ✔✖✄➉✔✩❱✘✫✒✌✂✎❊✤✟❍✂✦✥❀❴✎✽▼✩❷❥✌✯✛✢  ✎✮✫➇✌❻✎❼  ✎✩★✝✎✑  ✔✥❱✃✫❇✌✝✎✬✙✑✛❑✏✒✎✯❀❴✫✱✤✟✔✑✼➈✄✝✙✭❀✟✦✘✄✬✺✝✎❥✛❄✄✝❀✥✏✒✎✯✦✯✤✟✎✯✙☎✺✂✿❋✤❴✫✒✦✘✄✝✙✑✛❄✄✝✪✭❀✥  ✔✯✤✟✎✑✏❖✫✕✔❏✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✩❍✝✎✖✦✘✳❧✎✑✏❖✫❇✌✝✎☞✪✖✎✘✄✝✎✑✏✒✦✑  ✏❭✎❻★✂✎✘✏✒✺✂✎✘✏❭✦✩✫❇✛ ✔✖✄❋✛ ✄✣✫✒✌✥✎☞✤✩❍✝✦✯❀✟✎❘✏✒✎✘✗✣✦✑✛✢✄✥✤➉❀✟✔❉✄✝✤❴✫✕✦❉✄✂✫⑤▼✖✰✱✌✽✼✩✤✣☛✴✌✝✎✑✏✒✎❏✫✡✌✝✎☞✙✑✛❑✏✒✎✯❀❴✫❬✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙☞✦❉✄✝✙☞✎✯✦✑✏●  ✿ ✏✒✎✥❱●  ✎✯❀❴✫✒✎✯✙➜✤✟✔✑✼➈✄✝✙❸✛ ✤☞✦✜ ❑✏✒✎✯✦✯✙✥✿✭✦➈✫➂✦❸✏✒✎✯✦✖✤✟✔✘✄✝✦✘✺✽  ✎❸  ✎✝★✝✎✑ ✯❱✒✔✑✏✧ ❑✛ ✤❴✫✕✎✘✄✘✛✢✄✝✪ ✫✡✌✝✎❥❀✥  ✦✑✏●✛ ✫❅✿✭✔✥❱❛✫❇✌✝✎☎✫❇✌✝✎ ✤❻❍❻✎✥✎✥❀❻✌➉❀❧✦✖✄✥✄✂✔✩✫❉✤✩✛ ✗✣❍✯  ✿✮✺✂✎☞✛ ✄✂❀✂✏❅✎✥✦✝✤❴✎✥✙❏✺✟✿♣✫✒✌✂✎❊✤❻❍❻✎✥✦✖✳➆✎✽✏✘✫❭✦✘  ✳✟✛ ✄✂✪☞  ✔✘✼❫✙✥✎✘✏❇➻✘✼✩✄✯  ✎✝✤❴✤❢✫✒✌✂✎❊✎✩✸❴✫❭✎✘✏✒✄✂✦✘ ❑  ✿ ❀✩✏❭✎✥✦✩✫❭✎✥✙❏✺✂✦✝❀❻✳➆✪✽✏❅✔✘✼✂✄✂✙☞  ✎❻★✂✎✘ ✂✛ ✤■✌✯✛ ✪✖✌➈▼✩❳➝✪✥✔✥✔✥✙❊✎✩✸❫✦✖✗✣❍✯  ✎❊✔✩❱✘✫✒✌✯✛ ✤✮✛ ✤❢✫✒✌✂✎❏❍✯✼✩✺✽ ❑✛ ❀➉✦✖✙✯✙✑✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✮✤❴✿✂✤❴✫✕✎❉✗ ✛✢✄✷✤❴☛❦✛❄✗➉✗❊✛❄✄✝✪✲❍✝✔✯✔✑  ✤❾◗❈✔✑✏❊✼✥✄✝✙✖✎✑✏✒✪✑✏✒✔✑✼✥✄✝✙❾✫●✏✒✦✑✛✢✄❂✤❴✫✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔✘✄✝✤✟❲✮☛✍✌✥✎✑✏✒✎✷✤✥✛✢✗✮❍✽  ✿✷✛❄✄✝❀✥✏✒✎✯✦✯✤✥✛✢✄✥✪❾✫❇✌✝✎ ✦✘✗✮❍✽ ❹✛ ❱●✛ ❀✟✦✥✫●✛ ✔✘✄☞✌✥✦✯✤①✄✝✔☞✎✥❱❅❱✕✎✯❀❴✫❬✔✘✄❋✤✩❍✝✎✯✎✖❀✩✌❋✦✑✏❅✫⑤✛ ❀✥✼✯  ✦✥✫●✛ ✔❉✄ ⑨❐✄❋✦✯❀✟✔✑✼✂✤❴✫●✛ ❀✟✤■✫✡✌✝✎☞➔✍  ✦✑✏●✛ ✫❅✿➛◗❖❱✒✔✑✏❯✤✩❍✥✎✯✎✯❀✩✌✝❲❵✛ ✤✮✙✯✎✥❱●✛✢✄✥✎✯✙☞✦✯✤✥❜ ➔✐✁✓➄➆④☞  ✔✥✪☞Đ✥✞⑧➣♣☛✧✌✂✎✘✏❭✎☞Đ❸✛ ✤■✫❇✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✜✼✥✄✝✙☞✎✘✄✝✎✜✏✕✪➈✿❃✦✜✏⑤✏●✛ ★✽✛✢✄✝✪❏☛❢✛ ✫✡✌✽✛✢✄❊✫✡✌✝✎❏❱●✛❑✏✒✤❴✫❯€✯④✬✗✣✤✮✦✘✄✝✙❘➣✮✫✡✌✝✎ ✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✥✙☞✎✘✄✝✎✑✏✒✪✥✿❊✦✑✏●✏●✛ ★✽✛❄✄✝✪☞✦✥❱❅✫✕✎✑✏❖✫✡✌✝✎❏❱⑤✛❹✏✒✤❴✫❯€✯④✬✗✣✤✥▼ Û ✔✯✔✯✙❁✎✯✦✑✏●  ✿➜✏✒✎✥❱●  ✎✯❀❴✫●✛ ✔❉✄✝✤✬✦❉✄✝✙✶✪✯✔✯✔✯✙✶✤✥✛ ✪❉✌✂✫✴ ❑✛❄✄✝✎✯✤✭✫✕✔➝✫✡✌✝✎✶✦✑✼✂✙✑✛ ✎✘✄✝❀✟✎✶✦✑✏✒✎❥★✝✎✑✏❅✿➜✛❄✗✮❍✝✔✑✏❅✫✕✦❉✄✂✫✴✛✢✄ ✒✏ ✔✯✔✘✗✣✤Ư❱✕✔✑✏❋✤✩❍✝✎✯✎✯❀✩✌✽▼ Û ✔✯✔✯✙➒✤✥✛ ✪❉✌✂✫❼ ❑✛❄✄✝✎✯✤❆✦✜✏✕✎➮✛✢✗✮❍✝✔✜✏❭✫✒✦✘✄✂✫①✦✖❀✟✔✑✼✂✤❴✫●✛ ❀✟✦✑ ❹  ✿➊✦✖✤❂✫✡✌✝✎✥✿→❍✘✏✕✎✝★✝✎✘✄✂✫ ✦✖✺✂✤❧✔✘✏✒❍✟✫❇✛ ✔✖✄➉✔✩❱❖✫❇✌✝✎☞✙✜✛❑✏✒✎✯❀❴✫❯✤✟✔✜✼✥✄✝✙✬✺✂✿❊✪✑✏✒✦✯➀✥✛❄✄✝✪❘✛✢✄✝❀✥✛ ✙✯✎✘✄✝❀✟✎☞✔✝★✝✎✑✏❺✫✡✌✝✎✬✌✝✎✖✦✯✙✯✤✮✔✥❱❺✫✡✌✝✎☞✦✑✼✩✙✑✛ ✎✘✄✥❀✟✎✑▼ ❩✮✼✂❀✩✌❽✔➈❱■✫✡✌✝✎→✦✘✺✥✤✟✔✑✏✡❍✂✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄➊✔✥❱➉✫✡✌✝✎→✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✥✙✚✛✢✄➊✦⑩✏✕✔✖✔✘✗ ❱✕✔✑✏❃✤✩❍✝✎✖✎✯❀✩✌➱◗➉✫❇✌✘✛ ✤Ư✏✒✎✯✙✑✼✂❀✟✎✖✤✻✫❇✌✝✎ ✏❇✎➈★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✑✏✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔✘✄✥❲❵❀✟✔✘✗✣✎✯✤❊❱●✏✒✔✘✗➮✫✡✌✝✎❘✦✑✼✂✙✜✛ ✎✘✄✝❀✟✎❘✦✘✄✥✙➸✤✟✎✖✦✥✫✕✤❏✦✘✄✝✙✜➻✑❱✕✔✜✏✇✔✘❍✂✫●✛✢✗❊✼✥✗❮✏✒✎✩★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✑✏✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔✘✄ ✫❇✛ ✗♣✎✝✤■✺✂✎✩✫➷☛❶✎✥✎✖✄➉④✘▼❑➃✥✤♣✦✖✄❻✙☎➄❫▼❄✠➈✤❢✫➇✌❻✎❼✏❭✔✥✔✖✗ ★❻✔✘ ✢✼✩✗✾✎①✤✟✌✂✔✘✼✥  ✙❏✺✂✎❊✦✖✺❻✔✘✼❴✫✑②✯✗✵➐ ✞⑧❍✥✎✑✏✒✤✟✔✘✄✽▼❺➓❖✎✯❀✟✦✑✼✂✤✟✎ ✔✥❱✇✫✡✌✝✎☎✙✑✛❹✏✕✎✖❀❴✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄✝✦✑ ❉✄✥✦✥✫⑤✼✖✏✕✎☎✔➈❱❚✫✡✌✝✎➝✌✽✼✥✗✣✦✘✄➛★✝✔✑✛ ❀✟✎➸✫❇✌✥✎☎✤✟✎✯✦✥✫✒✤❏✤✩✌✥✔✑✼✯  ✙✶ ❹✛ ✎➸☛❢✛ ✫✡✌✽✛✢✄❨➄❧③✖④ ➪ ✦❉✄✝✪✑  ✎ ☛❦✛ ✙✥✫✡✌❋✔✥❱❺✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✩❍✝✎✯✦❉✳❧✎✑✏●▼ Ø➂➧✑➧❖➵❊➩①➨❣➧❖➲❶Ü■➫✽➩✘➯✈➤ ❩✣✼✟✤✩✛ ❀✂✛ ✦✖✄✂✤♣✎✖✗✣❍✯  ✔✩✿✮✗✾✦✖✄✟✿♣✫❭✎✘✏✒✗♣✤❢✫❭✔❊✙✥✎✥✤❧❀✩✏❇✛ ✺✂✎✮✫✒✌✂✎❏✗✮✼✟✤✥✛ ❀✟✦✑ ✂✦✖❀✟✔✑✼✂✤❴✫●✛ ❀✮▲✑✼✂✦✑ ❹✛ ✫●✛ ✎✯✤✮✔✥❱❬✦✬✌✝✦✑ ❹ ✂✎✑▼⑥✪✑▼ ☛❶✦✘✏✒✗❢✫✒✌✯➻✝✤❴✦✘✛ ✙✮✫❭✔❏✺✂✎☞✛ ✗■❍➈✏❅✔❻★❻✎✥✙❏✺✟✿✣✦☞  ✔✖✄✂✪✥✎✽✏❬✏❅✎✟★✂✎✘✏✒✺✂✎✘✏❭✦✩✫❇✛ ✔✘✄❊✫●✛✢✗✣✎☞✦✥✫❛  ✔✥☛❆❱⑤✏✒✎✯▲✑✼✩✎✘✄✝❀✥✛ ✎✖✤✥▼❺❩✮✼✂✤✥✛ ❀ ✫✒✔✲✺✝✎✷❍✽  ✦➈✿✂✎✯✙Ư✛✢✄❁✤✩✗✣✦✑ ❹ ➂✌✝✦✑ ❹  ✤✥➻❵❀✩✌✥✦✘✗✮✺✝✎✑✏✣✗❃✼✩✤✥✛ ❀➝❱✕✔✜✏❢✦❂✤✩✗✣✦✑ ❹ ➂✄✽✼✥✗✮✺✝✎✑✏✾✔✥❱✣✗❃✼✩✤✥✛ ❀✥✛ ✦❉✄✝✤✥➻✴✛ ✤ ❀✟✔✘✗✮❍✝✔✯✤✟✎✖✙Ý✳✟✄✝✔✥☛❢✛✢✄✝✪↔✫❇✌✝✎✜✏✕✎↔☛❦✛❹ ❑ ✮✺✝✎Ý ❹✛✢✗❊✛ ✫✒✎✯✙Ý✏✒✎✩★✝✎✜✏❇✺✥✎✑✏✒✦✥✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄✽▼❋➔❶✔❉✄✝❀✟✎✑✏❅✫❥✌✝✦✑ ❑  ✤❽❱✒✔✑✏➝  ✦✑✏✒✪✯✎ ✤➼✿✂✗■❍✝✌✂✔✖✄✯✛ ✎✥✤■✄❻✎✥✎✥✙❏✗✮✼❫❀❻✌❋  ✔✖✄✂✪✥✎✽✏❬✏❅✎✟★✂✎✘✏✒✺✂✎✘✏❭✦✩✫❇✛ ✔✖✄✣✫❇✛ ✗♣✎✥✤❢✫❭✔❊✎✖✄✂✤✂✼✥✏❭✎❃✫✒✌✂✎❏✗❊✼✂✤✥✛ ❀✟✦✑ ➈✄✝✔✥✫✒✎✯✤①✺✽  ✎✘✄✥✙✑▼ ➋❈❍✝✎✑✏✒✦☎✌✝✔✑✼✂✤✟✎✖✤☞ ❑✛ ✎☞✤✟✔✘✗✣✎✥☛✍✌✝✎✜✏✕✎✬✺✥✎✥✫❭☛✧✎✯✎✘✄✽▼✖✰❺✿✥❍✽✛ ❀✟✦✑ ✯✏✒✎✩★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✜✏✕✦➈✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄❊✫⑤✛❄✗✣✎✯✤❏✛✢✄✭  ✦✜✏✕✪✖✎☞❀✟✔✘✄✝❀✟✎✑✏❅✫ ✌✝✦✑ ❹  ✤①✤✩✌✝✔✑✼✖  ✙❘✺✥✎✭✦✑✏✒✔✑✼✥✄✥✙❏✠✽✤■☛✍✌✽✛❹  ✎❏✫✡✌✝✔✯✤✟✎❏❱✒✔✑✏❯✔❉❍✝✎✑✏✒✦✬✌✝✔✑✼✂✤✟✎✖✤❋✛❄✄❊✫❇✌✥✎❘✏✕✦❉✄✝✪✯✎➜➄✂▼⑥③✯✤✮↕✍➄✩▼➙➃✯✤✥▼❖⑨➷✄ ✫✒✌✂✎✥✤❧✎❼  ✦✽✏❅✪✥✎✽✏❖✌✂✦✘ ✢  ✤❢✫✒✌✂✎☞✏❭✎❻★✂✎✘✏✒✺✂✎✘✏❭✦✩✫❇✛ ✔✖✄✣✫❇✛❄✗❈✎✬✗✣✦✥✿❏✺✝✎☞✦✜ ❑  ✔➈☛✹✎✯✙❏✫✒✔❘✏●✛ ✤✟✎❘✼✥❍❊✫✒✔☞€✯④✯Þ❮✦✥✫❖✫❇✌✝✎❘  ✔✥☛ ❱●✏✕✎✖▲✑✼✂✎✘✄✝❀✥✛ ✎✯✤✥▼ Đ✑✦✘✏❇  ✿✣✎✖✄✂✎✽✏❅✪✩✿❊✛ ✄❊✗➉✼✟✤✩✛ ❀✮✏❭✔✥✔✖✗✾✤✮✛ ✤♣✙✥✎✩❱❇✛ ✄✂✎✝✙①✦✝✤❢✫➇✌❻✎①✤❧✔✘✼✩✄✂✙❊✦✘✏❇✏❇✛ ★✯✛ ✄✂✪✮☛✍✛ ✫✒✌✯✛ ✄✣✫✒✌✂✎✮❱✡✛✢✏❭✤➼✫❉✆✥④✖✗✾✤✥▼✖✰✱✌✝✎   ✦✩✫❭✎✘✏✒✦✑ ✂✎✘✄✝✎✜✏✕✪➈✿➉❱●✏✒✦✯❀❴✫●✛ ✔✘✄✽◗●➣✯Đ❚◆✽❲❵✛ ✤✮✙✯✎✥❱●✛✢✄✝✎✖✙☞✦✯✤■✫❇✌✝✎❘✏✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔☞✔➈❱❺✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙☞✎❉✄✝✎✑✏✒✪✥✿❏❍✽✛ ❀✩✳❧✎✖✙❘✼✥❍✭✛✢✄ ✫✡✌✝✎➜❱●✛❑✏✒✤❴✫✧✆✯④❁✗✣✤❥✺✩✿☎✦➜❱●✛ ✪✜✼✯✏✒✎❸✔✥❱✹✎✑✛ ✪✘✌✂✫✴✗❃✛ ❀✥✏✒✔✘❍✯✌✝✔✘✄✥✎✵◗✕✦✜ ❑✛ ✪❉✄✝✎✯✙❸✦✑  ✔✘✄✝✪❸✦✥✸✯✛ ✤✭✫✡✌✽✏✒✔✑✼✂✪❉✌➝✎✯✦✑✏✒✤✟❲ ❀✟✔✘✗✮❍✝✦✑✏✒✎✯✙✶✫✒✔☎✫✡✌✝✎☎✫✒✔✥✫✒✦✑ ✘✎❉✄✝✎✑✏✒✪✥✿✯▼❯✰✱✌✝✎✜✏✕✎❸✌✝✦✩★✝✎❸✺✝✎✯✎✘✄☎✤✟✎✩★✝✎✑✏✒✦✑ ❉✤✥✼✥✺✟Õ✈✎✖❀❴✫⑤✛ ★✝✎✓✦✘✄✝✙✐◗✒✔✘✺✟Õ✈✎✖❀❴✫⑤✛ ★✝✎✯❲ ✤✯✼✘✏❐★✝✎✥✿✂✤☎✔✥❱✧❀✟✔✘✄✥❀✟✎✑✏❅✫✴✌✝✦✑ ❑  ✤✥▼❵➓❺✦✑✏●✏✒✔✘✄❁◗❢✏✒✎✥❱✧€✯❲■✼✂✤✟✎✖✙➜✫✡✌✝✎❨✦✥✫❭✫●✏●✛✢✺✽✼❻✫✕✎✯✤☎❀✥  ✦✑✏●✛ ✫❭✿✯➻❵✏✒✎✩★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✜✏✕✦❉✄✝❀✟✎✑➻ ✎✘✄✟★✝✎✜  ✔✘❍✯✗✣✎✘✄✩✫⑤➻♥✛❄✄✂✫●✛✢✗✣✦✯❀❴✿✯➻♥  ✔✑✼✂✙❉✄✝✎✯✤✟✤✬✦✘✄✝✙✐✺✝✦✑  ✦❉✄✝❀✟✎➜✙✯✎✩★✝✎✜  ✔✘❍✝✎✖✙➜✦✯✤☎✗❊✼✟✫●✼✂✦✑ ❑  ✿➜✛✢✄✝✙✖✎✘❍✝✎✘✄✝✙✖✎✘✄✂✫ ❀✥✏❇✛ ✫✕✎✜✏⑤✛ ✦❏❱⑤✏✒✔✘✗⑩✎✯✦✑✏● ❹✛ ✎✑✏❬✤❴✫⑤✼✩✙✑✛ ✎✯✤①✺✂✿☞❿❛✦✥☛✍✳❧✎✯✤✮✦✘✄✥✙❘Ĩ✇✔✑✼✂✪✜  ✦✯✤✥◗❛✏✒✎✥❱❯➑✯❲●❲❛✦✘✄✝✙☞➔✴✏✕✎❉✗❈✎✜✏❯✦✘✄✥✙❘❩➉✼✖ ❑  ✎✜✏ ◗➷✫✡✏❭✦✖✄✂✤■❙❯✌✯✼✥  ✫❭➀❴❲❛◗❯✏❅✎✩❱✇➄➆❲⑧▼✥➔➅✔✘✏❇✏❅✎✽  ✦✩✫❇✛ ✔✖✄✂✤♣✔✩❱❯✏❅✎❻★❻✎✘✏✒✺✥✎✑✏✒✦✘✄✝❀✟✎❏☛❦✛ ✫❇✌❊✫✡✌✝✎✬✗✣✎✯✦✘✄✭Đ❚Ĩ✱✰➝✔✩★✝✎✜✏❺✫✡✌✝✎✬✺✝✦✯✤✟✤ ✦✖✄✂✙❏✗➉✛ ✙✮❱✡✏❭✎✥▲✘✼❫✎✖✄✂❀✩✛ ✎✝✤✮➻✥✎✖✄❴★❻✎✘  ✔✖❍✥✗✾✎✖✄✟✫✽☛✍✛ ✫✒✌❊✫✡✌✝✎❘  ✦✥✫✕✎✜✏✕✦✜ ✂✎✘✄✝✎✑✏✒✪✥✿✮❱●✏✒✦✯❀❴✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄✭◗❛✛✢✗✮❍✽✏✒✔✩★✝✎✯✙❘✛ ❱✱✺✝✦✯✤✟✤ ✫❭✔✩✫❭✦✘ ❧✤❴✔✘✼✩✄❻✙❼  ✎✟★✂✎✘ ❧✦✖✄✂✙❏✗➉✛ ✙✥↕➇❱❇✏❭✎✥▲✘✼✟✎✯✄✂❀➼✿❊Đ❬Ĩ❬✰➝✛ ✤♣✦✥✙✥✙✝✎✥✙✥❲⑧➻✥✦✖✄✂✙☞✛ ✄✟✫❇✛✢✗✣✦✯❀❴✿✮☛❦✛ ✫❇✌❊✫✡✌✝✎☞✎✯✦✜✏⑤  ✿❊✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙   ✎✝★✝✎✑ ✯◗❖✫❇✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✜✼✥✄✝✙❘  ✎✝★✝✎✑ ✂✦✑✏●✛ ✤✥✛❄✄✝✪❏❱●✏✕✔❉✗➒✫✡✌✝✎☞✎✯✦✑✏●  ✿❃✎❉✄✝✎✑✏✒✪✥✿✂❲❡▼ ◆✘✦❉✄❼✤✩✌✝✦✘❍✥✎✯✙☎✌✥✦✑ ❑  ✤➛❍✽✏✒✔✩★✽✛ ✙✯✎✓ ❹✛ ✫❅✫⑤  ✎✓  ✦✥✫✒✎✑✏✒✦✑ ➈✎✘✄✝✎✑✏✒✪✥✿➛✦✘✄✝✙✭✫❇✌✝✎✜✏✕✎➈❱✕✔✑✏✒✎❥❍✝✔✯✔✑✏✇✎✘✄✟★✝✎✑  ✔✘❍✯✗✣✎✘✄✂✫●▼❉✰✱✌✝✎ ✫❇✏❅✦✝✙✘✛ ✫❇✛ ✔✖✄✂✦✘ ❧✤❻✌✂✔✝✎➛✺❻✔✩✸✮✌✂✦✘ ✢  ✤♣✦✘✏❭✎❏✳❴✄✂✔✂☛✧✄■❱❭✔✘✏❺✌✂✦✩★✽✛❄✄✝✪☞✪✯✔✯✔✖✙☞✦✯❀✟✔✑✼✂✤❴✫●✛ ❀✟✤✮✦✘✄✝✙❏✫✡✌✝✎❘  ✦✥✫✕✎✜✏✕✦✜ ✂✎✘✄✝✎✑✏✒✪✥✿ ✛ ✤➸✌✽✛ ✪✘✌✽▼❛⑨❑✫✧✛ ✤☞❀✟✔✯✤❴✫✧✏✒✎✯✤❴✫●✏✕✦✜✛✢✄✂✫✒✤❏✫❇✌✥✦✥✫❶✌✥✦✩★✝✎❸  ✎✖✙❘✫✕✔☎✫❇✌✝✎✓✦✘✺✝✦✘✄✝✙✖✔✘✄✯✗✣✎✘✄✂✫➅✔✥❱❛✫❇✌✝✎✓✤✩✌✝✔✯✎➜✺✝✔➈✸❘✺✽✼✟✫ ❱✒✦✯❀✟✎✥✫✒✎✯✙❨✏✕✎✝★✝✎✑✏✒✤✟✎✭❱✒✦✘✄✭✤✩✌✝✦✘❍✥✎✯✤❋✤✥✼✩❀✩✌❼✦✖✤❊✫✡✌✝✎➜Ị✇✔✥✿✂✦✜ ✯➔❶✎✘✄✂✫●✏✒✎✑➻✱➶❛✔✥✫❭✫●✛✢✄✥✪✘✌✝✦✘✗❊➻❅ß❶à✵◗❶✏✒✎✥❱✇➃✖❲❶✦✘✄✝✙ ✤❻✌❻✔✥✎❏✺✂✔✩✸✣✙✥✎✘✏❇✛ ★✝✦✥✫●✛ ★✝✎✯✤✮✤✥✼✂❀✩✌❋✦✖✤✣✫✡✌✝✎✬✄✝✎➈☛❽➓✱✛❑✏✡✗❊✛✢✄✥✪✘✌✝✦✘✗↔❙❺✿✥✗✮❍✯✌✝✔✘✄✩✿➛❿❛✦✑ ❑ ❹➻❺➓✱✛❹✏✡✗❃✛❄✄✝✪✘✌✝✦❉✗❃➻❖ß❶à ◗❛✏✕✎➈❱➝✆✯❲♥✌✝✦✩★✝✎☞✦✥✫❅✫✕✎❉✗➉❍✩✫✕✎✯✙❏✫✒✔☞✦✯✙✯✙✜✏✕✎✖✤✟✤✣✫✡✌✽✛ ✤❊❍✘✏✕✔❉✺✽  ✎✘✗❊▼ ➔❶✦✜  ❀✥✼✯  ✦✥✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄❋✔✥❱❛Ị✇✎✩★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✜✏✕✦➈✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄❊✰✇✛❄✗❈✎ ❙❺✦✖✺➈✛ ✄✂✎✖➎ ✤❢❱❅✔✽✏➇✗➉✼✥  ✦☞✛ ✤♣✪✥✎✖✄✂✎✽✏❅✦✘ ✢  ✿❊✼❫✤❴✎✥✙✮❱❭✔✘✏✘✫✒✌✂✎❊❀❴✦✽  ❀✩✼✥  ✦✥✫●✛ ✔❉✄❋✔✥❱✇✏✒✎✩★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✜✏✕✦➈✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄❊✫⑤✛❄✗✣✎❘✼✥✄✽  ✎✖✤✟✤✣✫✡✌✝✎ ✤✩❍✝✦✯❀✟✎❘✛ ✤✮▲✑✼✯✛ ✫✒✎☞✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✜✏❇✺✘✛✢✄✝✪ Ị✧▼⑥✰➅▼✜✁❘④✑▼✡➄❧➑❼✸①á❺✞✡❳ ☛✴✌✝✎✑✏✒✎❼á➊✛ ✤❃✫✡✌✝✎➛★✝✔✑ ❑✼➈✗❈✎✬✔➈❱❬✫✡✌✝✎✓✏✒✔✯✔✘✗➽✛✢✄✬✗ ➐ ✦❉✄✝✙❼❳❁✫❇✌✥✎✬✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡❍✂✫●✛ ✔✘✄ ✦✑✏✒✎✯✦❘✛❄✄☞✗ s ✔✑✏❚❙❯✦✘✺✽✛❄✄✝✎✯✤✥▼ ✰✱✔Ư❀✟✦✑  ❀✥✼✯  ✦✥✫✒✎✵✫✡✌✝✎❆✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✜✏❇❍✩✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄✵✦✑✏✒✎✯✦✑➻❵✫✡✌✝✎❆✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡❍✂✫●✛ ✔❉✄✻✔➈❱❢✫❇✌✥✎❾✤✥✼✖✏❭❱✒✦✯❀✟✎✯✤✥➻×✦✘✄✂✿❂❍✝✎✯✔✘❍✽  ✎❆✔✑✏ ❱❇✼✥✏✒✄✯✛ ✫❇✼✥✏❅✎✽➻✥✦✖✄✂✙❊✦✘✛✢✏❺✄✂✎✥✎✥✙✮✫❭✔❏✺✂✎✮✫❅✦✯✳➆✎✖✄❋✛ ✄✟✫❭✔❊✦✥❀❴❀❧✔✘✼✩✄✟✫❉✦✘  ✫✒✌✂✔✘✼✟✪✯✌■✫✒✌✂✎❘  ✦✥✫❅✫✕✎✜✏⑤➻✖☛✍✌✽✛ ❀✩✌✭✛ ✤✮✦❏❱●✼✥✄✝❀❴✫●✛ ✔✘✄ ✔✩❱✽✫➇✌❻✎➛✌➈✼✩✗✮✛ ✙✽✛ ✫❐✿✣✔✂❱✘✫✒✌✂✎❊✦✘✛✢✏❇➻✥❀❴✦✘✄☞✺✝✎❘✛ ✪❉✄✝✔✑✏✒✎✯✙☞✎✥✸✂❀✟✎✘❍✩✫❯✦✥✫❚✌✽✛ ✪✘✌❊❱●✏✒✎✯▲✑✼✂✎❉✄✝❀✥✛ ✎✯✤❏✛❄✄✭  ✦✑✏✒✪✯✎☞✤✩❍✝✦✖❀✟✎✯✤✥▼ ✰❬✌✂✎❊✦✖✺✂✤❧✔✘✏✒❍✟✫❇✛ ✔✖✄➉❀❴✔✥✎✩❱➷❱❇✛ ❀✩✛ ✎✯✄✟✫✑✔✩❱❉✦❏✗♣✦✩✫❭✎✘✏❇✛ ✦✘ ✂◗➹â❺❲✇✛ ✤♣✙✥✎✩❱❇✛ ✄✂✎✥✙❊✦✥✤❢✫✒✌✂✎✮❱❇✏❅✦✝❀➼✫❇✛ ✔✖✄➉✔✩❱❬✛ ✄❻❀✩✛ ✙✥✎✖✄❫✫❬✎✘✄✝✎✑✏✒✪✥✿ ✄✝✔✥✫✬✏✕✎➈❱⑤  ✎✯❀❴✫✕✎✖✙✑▼✾❷➜✌✝✎➈✫❇✌✝✎✜✏❃✫✡✌✽✛ ✤✷✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙➮✛ ✤✷✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡✺✝✎✖✙➒✔✑✏❊✫⑤✏✒✦✘✄✥✤✩✗❃✛ ✫❭✫✒✎✯✙➒✦➈✫❃✫✡✌✝✎➒✤✥✼✯✏❅❱✒✦✯❀✟✎➮✛ ✤ ✼✩✄✯✛ ✗✣❍✂✔✘✏➷✫❭✦✖✄✟✫✽❱❅✔✽✏✘✫✒✌✂✎☞✏❅✔✥✔✯✗⑩✛ ✄✟✫❭✎✘✏✒✄✂✦✘ ❧✦✥❀❴✔✘✼❫✤➼✫❇✛ ❀❴✤✂▼✥✰❚✌✝✎☞✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✜✏❇❍✩✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄❋✦✑✏✒✎✯✦☞✔✥❱❬✦☞✤✥✼✯✏❅❱✕✦✯❀✟✎➜➄✣✪✜✛ ★✝✎✘✄ ✺✂✿✯❜ ❳ ✁❸â❸❙ t t❸t ☛ ✌✥✎✑✏✒✎➜â ✛ ✤■✫❇✌✥✎☞✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡❍✂✫●✛ ✔✘✄❋❀✟✔✖✎✥❱❭❱●✛ ❀✥✛ ✎✘✄✂✫❬✔✥❱❯✤✥✼✯✏❅❱✒✦✯❀✟✎➜➄♣☛❦✛ ✫❇✌❋✤✥✼✖✏❭❱✒✦✯❀✟✎☞✦✑✏✒✎✯✦✬❙ ✍ t t ◆✽✔✜✏❯✦❘✏✒✔✯✔✘✗❪☛❦✛ ✫❇✌☞✄❋✤✥✼✖✏❭❱✒✦✯❀✟✎✯✤■✫✒✔✥✫✒✦✑ ✂✤✥✼✯✏❅❱✒✦✯❀✟✎☞✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡❍✂✫●✛ ✔❉✄❋✦✑✏✒✎✯✦☞✁✯ã↔â❸❙ ä❸ä ❳❸❍✂✎✘✏❭✤❴✔✖✄➉❀❧✔✖✄✟✫❇✏✡✛ ✺➈✼❻✫✕✎✯✤✮✦✘✺✥✔✑✼✟✫❯④✜▼➙③✘✗ s ✔✥❱❯✦❉✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡❍✂✫●✛ ✔✘✄❋✦✑✏✒✎✯✦❸å❨➄❧④✯④✯④❘❿❛➀✥➻✽✦✘✄✥✙❏✫❇✌✝✎☞✦❉✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡❍✂✫●✛ ✔✘✄ ✦✑✏✒✎✯✦✬❍✝✎✜✏❯❀✥✼✥✺✘✛ ❀①✗✣✎✥✫⑤✏✒✎☞✔✥❱❬✦✑✛❑✏❛✛ ✤✮✦✘❍✖❍✽✏✒✔✥✸❊④✑▼➙④✖④✯②✬✗ s å❨➄❧④✯④✯④❘❿❛➀ ❙❯✦✘✺✘✛✢✄✝✎✘➎❑✤❃❱✒✔✑✏✡✗❃✼✖  ✦✓✛ ✤①✙✯✎✜✏⑤✛ ★✝✎✯✙✬✦✯✤✟✤✥✼✥✗❊✛❄✄✝✪✬❀✟✔✘✄✂✫●✛✢✄✽✼✩✦✑ ✥✙✯✎✯❀✟✦➈✿❋✔➈❱✱✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✥✙✑▼❬⑨❹❱❬☛✧✎❼☛✹✔✑✏✡✳✮✔✑✼✟✫✃✫❇✌✝✎ ✗➉✎✘✦✘✄➜❱●✏✕✎✖✎✻❍✝✦✥✫✡✌❁✛✢✄✶✦❨✤✩❍✝✦✯❀✟✎❨✦❉✄✝✙❨✦✯✤✟✤✥✼✥✗✣✎✶✫✡✌✝✦✥✫✹✫✡✌✝✎❨✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✥✙❨✙✯✎✯❀✟✦✥✿✂✤➸☛✴✌✝✎✘✄❁✛ ✫✧✤❴✫●✏●✛✢✳❧✎✯✤☎✦ ✤✥✼✯✏❅❱✒✦✯❀✟✎✬✦❘✗✣✔✑✏✒✎☞✦✯❀✟❀✥✼✯✏✒✦✥✫✒✎❏❱✒✔✑✏✡✗❃✼✖  ✦✑➻❖Đ✑✿✯✏●✛✢✄✝✪✘➎❑✤■❱✒✔✑✏✡✗❃✼✖  ✦❘✏✒✎✯✤✥✼✯  ✫✕✤✥▼✖✰✱✌✽✛ ✤➉✪✜✛ ★✝✎✯✤✮✦☞✤✥✛ ✪❉✄✽✛ ❱●✛ ❀✟✦✘✄✩✫⑤  ✿ ✙✑✛ ❱❭❱✒✎✑✏✒✎✘✄✂✫❛✏✕✎✖✤✥✼✯  ✫❛✛ ❱❺✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼➈✄✝✙☞✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡❍✂✫●✛ ✔❉✄❋❀✟✔✯✎✥❱❅❱⑤✛ ❀✥✛ ✎✘✄✂✫❬✎✥✸✂❀✟✎✯✎✯✙✖✤➉④✜▼❑✠❺▼ Ị❶▼❹✰➝✁✬↕⑤④✜▼❇➄❧➑➈á❺✞⑧❙❛ ✢✄✽◗❡➄❧↕Ơâ➒❲ ỉ ☛✍✌✥✎✑✏✒✎➜â ỉ ✛ ✤■✫✡✌✝✎✬✗✣✎✯✦✘✄❋✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✜✏❇❍✩✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄❋❀✟✔✯✎✥❱❅❱⑤✛ ❀✥✛ ✎✘✄✩✫❯✔✥❱❖✫❇✌✝✎☞✤✥✼✖✏❭❱✒✦✯❀✟✎✯✤ ✰❬✌✂✎✥✤❧✎✮❱❅✔✽✏➇✗➉✼✥  ✦✥✎❊✔✖✄✯  ✿✣✦✯❍✥❍✯  ✿♣☛✧✌✂✎✖✄✣✫✒✌✂✎☞✏❭✔✥✔✖✗❽✙✘✛ ✗✾✎✖✄✂✤✂✛ ✔✖✄✂✤♣✦✘✏❭✎❊✤✩✛ ✗➉✛✢  ✦✘✏❇▼✩✰❬✌✂✎✩✿➉✙✯✔✬✄✝✔➈✫✱❍✽✏✒✎✯✙✑✛ ❀❴✫ ✫●✌✯✎⑩✺✝✎✘✌✝✦✝★✽✛ ✔✑✼✯✏✭✛❄✄✚  ✔✘✄✥✪➮  ✔✥☛ ❱✕✦✖❀❴✫✕✔✑✏●✛ ✎✯✤✷✔✑✏✭  ✔✘✄✥✪➒❀✟✔✑✏●✏●✛ ✙✯✔✑✏✒✤✥▼✣➔❶✦✑  ❀✥✼✯  ✦➈✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄→✔✥❱❊✫❇✌✥✎✯✔✑✏✒✎✥✫●✛ ❀✟✦✑  ✏✒✎✩★✝✎✑✏✡✺✝✎✑✏✒✦✥✫●✛ ✔❉✄❊✫⑤✛❄✗❈✎❘✛ ✤①✄✝✎✩★✝✎✑✏❬✎✥✸✂✦✯❀❴✫●▼ Ù✱➧❖➫✑➭✽➢✬ç❦è✯➩✖➧❖➲éè✘➯❅➭✽ê✓➵❃➥✥ë⑧➡✘➲❡➯➷➥✘ì✈➩ ✰✱✌✥✎✯✤✟✎☞❀✟✦✘✄☞✺✝✎☞✙✑✛ ★✽✛ ✙✯✎✖✙❘✛✢✄✂✫✒✔❏✫❇✌✘✏✕✎✖✎❏✫❭✿✥❍✝✎✖✤✥❜ ➄❧❲❵➾❺✔✑✏✒✔✑✼✂✤■❳➅✺✥✤✟✔✑✏✡✺✝✎✑✏✒✤ ✠✽❲❵➾❺✦✘✄✝✎✜ ✂✔✑✏❚✗❈✎❉✗➉✺✘✏✕✦❉✄✝✎☞✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✑✏✡✺✝✎✜✏✕✤ ②✯❲❵❿✇✎✑ ❄✗✮✌✝✔✑  ✫✒➀❏✏✒✎✯✤✟✔✘✄✝✦✥✫✒✔✑✏✒✤ ➄❧❲❵➾❺✔✑✏✒✔✑✼✂✤■❳➅✺✥✤✟✔✑✏✡✺✝✎✑✏✒✤ ✰❬✌✂✎✥✤❧✎❊❀❴✦✖✄❊✺✂✎✮❱❭✔✥✦✖✗✾✎✥✙❏✔✘❍✝✎✘✄❋❀✟✎✑ ❹ ✥❍✽  ✦✯✤❴✫⑤✛ ❀✟✤✥➻✑✗❊✛✢✄✥✎✑✏✒✦✑ ✟❱●✛✢✺✽✏✒✎☞✔✑✏❬✤✥✛✢✗❊✛❑  ✦✑✏❛✼✂✤✥✼✂✦✑ ❹  ✿❊❀✟✔✘✗✮❍✽✏✒✎✯✤✟✤✟✎✯✙ ☛❦✛ ✫❇✌❆✦Ư ❑✛ ✫❅✫●  ✎❂✪✑ ❹✼✂✎✑➻❵✔✜✏❢✤✥✛❄✄✂✫✕✎✜✏✕✎✖✙✷✗❈✦➈✫✕✎✑✏●✛ ✦✑  ✤✶✎✯✪❂✤❴✫✒✔✘✄✝✎Ư  ✎✯✦✩★✽✛✢✄✥✪❂✦✘✄❁✔✘❍✝✎✘✄❂❍✥✔✑✏✒✎❂✤❴✫⑤✏●✼✂❀❴✫●✼✯✏✒✎✑▼ ❳➅✺✝✤✟✔✜✏❇❍✩✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄✭✛ ✤✮✎✯✤✟✤✟✎✘✄✩✫⑤✛ ✦✑ ❑  ✿❋✺✩✿➉❱●✏●✛ ❀❴✫●✛ ✔✘✄❋✔➈❱❺✫✡✌✝✎☞✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙❏☛✧✦✩★✝✎❏☛❦✛ ✫❇✌✘✛✢✄❊✫✡✌✝✎☞✔✘❍✝✎✘✄☞❍✥✔✑✏✒✎✯✤✥▼ ✰❯✔✻✼✥✄✝✙✯✎✑✏✒✤❴✫✒✦✘✄✝✙➜✦✐ ❹✛ ✫❅✫⑤  ✎❸✗✣✔✑✏✒✎➜✦✘✺✝✔✑✼❻✫➒✦✘✺✝✤✟✔✜✏❇❍✩✫⑤✛ ✔✘✄✶◗❵✦✘✄✝✙❁  ✦✥✫✒✎✑✏➅✫●✏✒✦✘✄✝✤✩✗❊✛ ✤✟✤✥✛ ✔✘✄✝❲♣✛ ✫✍✛ ✤☞☛✧✔✑✏❅✫❇✌ ✛✢✄✩✫⑤✏✒✔✯✙✑✼✩❀✥✛✢✄✝✪➮✫✡✌✝✎✚❀✟✔❉✄✝❀✟✎✘❍✂✫➛✔✥❱➛✦✖❀✟✔✑✼✂✤❴✫●✛ ❀➒✛❄✗✮❍✝✎✯✙✯✦✘✄✥❀✟✎✑▼✣✰✱✌✽✛ ✤➒✛ ✤Ư✦✘✄✝✦✜  ✔✯✪✯✔✜✼✂✤✷✫✒✔✚✎✜  ✎✯❀❴✫●✏●✛ ❀✟✦✑  ✛ ✗✣❍✂✎✥✙✥✦✖✄❻❀❴✎✮☛✧✌✂✎✘✏❭✎✮✿✟✔✘✼✮✌✂✦❻★❻✎❊✦✖✄➉✦✥❀✮✏❅✦✂✫➇✌❻✎✘✏✘✫✒✌✂✦✖✄➉✙✥❀♣✤✥✼✥❍✯❍✽  ✿☞◗✑★✝✔✑  ✫✕✦✖✪✯✎☞✙✑✛ ★✽✛ ✙✯✎✯✙✬✺✂✿❊❀✥✼✯✏●✏✒✎✘✄✂✫✒❲❡▼ ◆✯✔✘✏❖❍➈  ✦✖✄✂✎✮☛❶✦❻★✂✎✝✤✮✛ ✫❬✛ ✤♣✤✩✛ ✗✣❍✯  ✿♣✫✒✌✂✎☞✏❭✦✩✫❇✛ ✔①✔✂❱✘✫✒✌✂✎❊✤❴✔✘✼✂✄✂✙❏❍✯✏❅✎✝✤❴✤✩✼✝✏❅✎❊✦✖✄✂✙✮✫✒✌✂✎❊✦✥✤❧✤❴✔✥❀✂✛ ✦✩✫❭✎✥✙❏❍✂✦✘✏➷✫✡✛ ❀✂  ✎ ★✂✎✽  ✔✥❀✩✛ ✫➷✿✣✦✖✄✂✙☞✛ ✤♣✎✥▲✽✼✟✦✘ ➆✫❅✔✮✫✒✌✂✎☞✙✯✎✘✄✝✤✥✛ ✫❭✿❊✔✥❱❖✫❇✌✥✎✬✗❈✎✖✙✑✛❑✼✥✗↔✗❊✼✯  ✫●✛✢❍✘ ❑✛ ✎✖✙✬✺✂✿✮✫❇✌✝✎①★✝✎✜  ✔✯❀✥✛ ✫❭✿❊✔✥❱❬✤✟✔✑✼✥✄✝✙ ✛✢✄❊✫✡✌✝✦✥✫❚✗✣✎✯✙✑✛❑✼➈✗❃▼ 10 ➾❖✃■â➛Þ①Ị❶Õ❭Ị■❐ÜÐ✁❐➝ï❶Õ❭Øðâ➀×■❐⑧Þ✁Ï✠✃■❐➴â❡Ø➴Ị❶Õ➝ßÜÏ✒Đ❦❒ìÞ✐❰■ß➝✃đÛ❦❐⑧ÞåâƯáÝ×đÛ❦❐❢ß❢âƯÞåâ➛ĐÝ×❶Þ✄ĐÝ×❇Ï✧✃■❐✝Õ➝ßäĐÝ❰❶Þ✐Ï➛â✠ßí❐➝×■è❛â➀Ð✐ĐÝ×❛Ø✝❐➝×❛Ï ➮ ➚❙➫➴➽❙➽■➳✺➲✦➯→➽❶➸✁➶✶➫✄➭→➷⑩➯✒➽⑥➳➱➬①➘ ➵✸â❡Ï✠✃❽Õ❭Ị❛Ị❛Ð✱ĐÝï■â❡Ø✮Õ❭ÏƯ❐❢Ơ✠Ù❮ò❦ó✉ỡĐ❦❒⑩Ï✠✃■❐➏Õ❭×❛×❛❰❶Õ➝Ơ✒Ị❛Ð❁â❡Ø✮Õ❭Ð➱Ù✪❐➝×■❐ÜÐ✱á❦Ù✪ßäĐÝ×❶Þ✐❰❛Ø➴Ị❛Ï➛âƯĐÝ×➆Ú⑩â➀Ï✧✃■â➀×✠✃■❐✆➼⑩÷ ỉ ❐❢â➀×❶á ❰❶Þå❐⑧Û ỉ Ù ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á❛Þ✄â❡Ï✒â➛Þ①×❶ĐÝÏéÞ✐❰❛Ð✺Ị❛Ð❁âƯÞåâ➀×❶áãÏ✧✃❶Õ❭ÏéáÝÐ✱Đ❦Ú✦â❡×❶áàß⑧ĐÝ×■ß❢❐ÜÐ✺×đÕ ỉ ĐÝ❰❛Ï✳Ï✠✃■❐ðáÝÐ❁❐❢❐➝×❛✃❶ĐÝ❰❶Þå❐í❐❢❒✺❒✺❐❢ßÜÏ✶✃❶Õ❢Þ á❦â✠è❛❐Ü×✪Õ❭×đâ➀ØíỊ■❐➝Ï✠❰❶Þ✦Ï✜Đ❇❐➝×■❐ÜÐ✱á❦Ù❣❐❢❒✺❒✺â✧ß❢â✠❐➝×❛ÏéÛ❦❐⑧ÞåâƯáÝ× ➮ ➻✒ĐÝØ➴Ø✝❐ÜÐ❁ß❢â➛ÕÜƠ ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á❛Þ❾Õ➝ß❢ß⑧ĐÝ❰❛×❛Ï☛❒❁ĐÝÐ⑩Õ ỉ ĐÝ❰❛Ï✘ø⑧ó✉ơ ĐÝ❒✳Ï➀✃ùâ✧Þ ỉ ❰❛â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶áà❐➝×■❐➝Ð✱á❦Ù✆ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Þ✐❰❛Ø➴Ị❛ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ× ➵➢✃■â✧Ơ✠❐ðÕ➴Û❦❐❢ß⑧Õ✕Û❦❐✝Õ❢á❛ĐãÏ✧✃■❐➴❐➝ØíỊ❛✃❶Õ❢Þåâ➛Þ❾ĐÝ×❇Ð❁❐⑧ÛÝ❰■ß❢â❡×❶áà❐➝×■❐➝Ð✐á❦Ù Ú⑩ÕÜÞ✘❒✺Đ⑧ß❭❰❩Þ✐❐✕Û✝Đä×✆Û❦Đ❢Øí❐❢Þ✺Ï✠â❡ß ỉ ❰❛â❡Ơ✧ÛÝâ❷×■áúÞ❭û■ß⑧➮ĐÝØíØ✝❐➝Ð❁ß✕â➛Õ➝Ơ ỉ ❰■â✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶á❛Þ①✃❶Õ➝è❛❐✍Ð❁❐❢ß❢❐Ü×❛Ï➛Ơ✠Ù ỉ ❐❢❐➝×đÕ❭Ï✧Ï✠Ð✱ÕÜß➝Ï➛â❡×❶áãØ✮ĐÝÐ❁❐ Õ➝Ï➛Ï✜❐➝×❛Ï➛âƯĐÝ× ➮ ➾❖✃■❐➢Ị❛Ð❁â➀×■ß✕â➀Ị■Ơ✠❐äÞ✪Đ❦❒àỊ❶Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✠è❛❐↕Þ✎Đ❦Ơ➛Õ❭ÐđÛ❦❐äÞåâ➛áÝ×rß⑧Õ❭× ỉ ❐↕Õ❭Ị❛Ị■Ơ✠â✧❐⑧Û◗Ï✜Đ ỉ ĐÝÏ✧✃✬Û❛ĐÝØ✝❐⑧Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ßüÕ❭×❶Û ß⑧ĐÝØíØ✝❐➝Ð❁ß✕â➛Õ➝Ơ ỉ ❰■â✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶á❛Þ①Ï✧✃❶ĐÝ❰❶áÝ✃❇Ï✠✃■❐✍Ị❶ĐÝÏ➛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ➛Õ➝Ơ✳❐➝×■❐➝Ð✱á❦Ù➏Þ✎Õ➝è❛â➀×❶á❛Þ✦ßäĐÝØ✝❐➴â❡×đÛ❦â✠❒✾❒✺❐➝Ð❁❐➝×❛Ï☛❒❁ĐÝÐ✺ØãÞ ➮ ➳✺×➆✃❶ĐÝ❰❶Þåâ➀×❶á⑥û✶Õ➝❒❆ÏƯ❐➝Ð↔Õ❢Û❦❐⑧ç❦❰❶Õ❭Ï➛❐❢Ơ✧Ù✪â❡×❶Þ✐❰■Ơ➛Õ❭ÏƯâ➀×❶á⑥û✶Þåâ➀Ï➛â❡×❶á⑥û☛Û❦â✧❒✺❒✺❐➝Ð❁❐Ü×❛Ï➛â➛ÕÜƠìÞåâ✠ë❢â❡×❶á✪Đ❦❒❾Ú⑩â➀×❶Û❛Đ❦Ú❾Þ✝Õ➝ß✕ß⑧ĐÝÐ✱Û❦â➀×❶á❣Ï✜Đ Đ❦Ðåâ✧❐➝×❛Ï✜Õ✎Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×❙û❖✃■â➛áÝ✃✪Ị■❐➝Ð❁❒➱ĐÝÐ✺Ø✮Õ❭×■ß✕❐❣á❦Ơ➛Õ➝ë✕â➀×❶á✪Õ❭×❶ÛĨÏ✧✃■❐à❰❶Þå❐❣Đ❦❒✦Ị❛Ð❁❐äýỵ✃■❐⑧Õ❭Ïìè❛❐➝×❛Ï➛â✧Ơ➛Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×➆❒❆Ð✱ĐÝØþÞ✐❰❛×❽Þ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß❢❐⑧Þ ÿ✧ß❢Đ❢×■Þ✐❐✎Ð✾è❛ÕåÏ➛Đ❢Ð✺â❡❐✕✁Þ  ❺✃❩Õ❭èú❐ ỉ ❐Ü❐✎×✝❰■Þ✐❐✕Û➴â❷×✝Ị■ÕÜÞåÞ❁â✠è❛❐✝Þ✎Đ❦ƠỮ❭Ð⑩Û❦❐äÞåâ➛áÝ× ➮ ê❦➺✉ĐÝÐìß⑧ĐÝØ➴Øð❐➝Ð❁ß❢âỮ➝Ơ ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶á❛Þ✦â➀ÏéÕ❭Ị❛Ị■❐⑧Õ❭Ð✐Þ Ï❡✃■ÕåÏ✰Ï❡✃❛❐ áäÐ✾❐❢ÕåÏ✧❐❢Þ✺Ï✳ÞåÕ✎è❦â❷×❩á❦Þ✘Ú✁â❡Ơ❡Ơ✰ß✕ĐäØí❐✄❒➛Ð❁Đ❢Ø Û❦Õ✎Ù❦Ơ❡âƯáÝ✃❛Ï✒Þ✐❰ ỉ Þ✐ÏƯâ➀Ï✠❰❛ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×❣❒➱ĐÝÐ✁❐❢Ơ✧❐❢ß➝Ï✠Ð➱â✠ß➴Ơ✧â➛áÝ✃❛ÏƯâ➀×❶á❇Õ❭×❶Û✝Ï✠✃■❐↔❰❶Þå❐ Đ❦❒✔×❶Õ❭Ï✠❰❛Ð✐Õ➝Ơ✶è❛❐Ü×❛Ï➛â✠ƠỮ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ× ➮ ➫✦Ï✧Ð❁â➛Õ✄✃❶Õ➝è❛❐↔Ï✧✃■❐↔Ị❶ĐÝÏ➛❐Ü×❛Ï➛â➛ÕÜƠ❺ÏỵĐàß⑧ĐÝ×❛Ï✠Ð➱â ỉ ❰❛Ï➛❐✍Ï✜Đà❐Ü×■❐➝Ð✱á❦Ù❣Þ✎Õ➝è❛â❡×❶á❛Þ ỉ ❰❛ÏéĐ❦❒❆Ï➛❐➝×ĨÛ❛Đ Ï✠✃■❐ðĐÝỊ❛Ị❶Đ❛Þåâ➀ÏƯ❐ ➮ ➾✰✃❛❐⑩Ị❦Ð➱Đ ỉ Ơ❡❐✎ØðÞ✁ĐÝ❒✶×❩Õ Ï❡❰❦Ð➱Õ✎Ơ✶è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠ƠỮ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ×đÕ❭×❶Û❇Þ✐❰❛ØíØ✝❐➝Ð①Đ❦è❛❐➝Ð✺✃■❐⑧Õ❭ÏƯâ➀×❶á⑥û❙❐⑧Þ✐Ị■❐✕ß❢â➛Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ù❇â❡×đĐ❦❒✺❒✺â✧ß❢❐⑧Þ➝û✉Õ❭Ð➱❐↔Ï✠✃❶Đ❛Þå❐ Ï✠✃❶Õ✎Ï✒Õ❭Ð➱❐↔Ø✮Đ❛Þ✐Ï☛Ơ✠✄â ✂❛❐❢Ơ✠Ù✮Ï✜ĐàƠ✧❐⑧Õ❢ÛãÏỵĐ❇Õ➝ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ß↔Ị❛Ð✐Đ ỉ Ơ✠❐➝ØãÞ ➮ ➚✉Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✠è❛❐➆Þ✎Đ❦ƠỮ❭Ðí✃❶ĐÝ❰❶Þåâ➀×❶á❽Þåß➝✃■❐ÜØ✝❐⑧Þ✝✃❶Õ➝è❛❐ưÞ✎Đ➆❒❁Õ❭Ðãá❦❐Ü×■❐➝Ð✱Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ù ỉ ❐❢❐➝×◗Û❦❐❢è❛❐❢ƠƯĐÝỊ■❐⑧Û❽ĐÝ×◗áÝÐ❁❐❢❐➝×❶ý❆❒✾â✠❐❢ƠỬ✸Þåâ❡Ï➛❐⑧Þ Ú⑩â➀Ï✠✃❶ĐÝ❰❛ÏéØí❰■ß➝✃ĨÏ✧Ð✱Õ➝❒✺❒✺â✧ßð×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐ðỊ❛Ð✱Đ ỉ Ơ✧❐➝Ø Õ✎×❶Û➏Ơ➛Õ❭Ð✐á❦❐ð×❶Õ❭Ï✧❰❛Ð✱Õ➝Ơ✔è❛❐➝×❛Ï➛â✧Ơ➛Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×ĨÐ✱Õ✎Ï➛❐⑧Þ ßäÕ❭×▲ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Þå❐⑧ç❦❰■❐➝×❛ÏƯƠ✠Ù ỉ ❐ Õ❢ß❢✃■â✠❐❢è❛❐⑧Û ỉ Ù❯Þåâ❡Ø➴Ị■Ơ✠Ù❯ĐÝỊ■❐Ü×■â➀×❶á➞Ú⑩â➀×❶Û❛Đ❦Ú❾Þ ➳✾❒▲Þ✎ĐÝØ✝❐➓Þ✎ĐÝ❰❛×❶Û➣Õ✎Ï✠Ï➛❐Ü×❛❰❶Õ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❯â➛ÞưÐ❁❐⑧ç❦❰■â➀Ð➱❐⑧Û Ø✮Đ❛Û❦❐➝Ð✐Õ❭Ï➛❐ è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠Ơ➛Õ✎Ï➛â➛ĐÝ× Ð✱Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Þưÿ✆☎■ý✾ò❛Õ ➮ ß ➮ ✃ ➮  ↔Ø✮Õ➝Ù ỉ ❐➢Õ➝ß➝✃■➮ â✧❐❢è❛❐⑧Û ỉ Ù✣Þ✐Ï✜Õ❢á❛á❦❐➝Ð➱❐⑧Û◗ĐÝỊ■❐➝×■â❡×❶á◗Đ❦❒àÞå❐❢ßäĐÝ×❶Û❛Õ❭Ð❁Ù➓á❦ƠỮ➝ë❢â➀×❶á ÞåÙ■Þ✐Ï➛❐ÜØ✮Þ↔Õ❭×❶Û❣ĐÝÏ✧✃■❐➝Ð✱Þ✍Û❦❐⑧Þåß➝Ð❁â ỉ ❐⑧Û❇Ơ➛Õ❭ÏƯ❐➝Ð ➮ ➫✦×❭×❶á❦Ơ✠❐⑧Û✝Ï✠Ð✱Õ❭×❶Þ✐Ị❶Õ✎Ð❁❐➝×❛ÏéÞ✎ĐÝ❰❛×❶ÛãÐ❁❐❢❒✺Ơ✧❐❢ß➝ÏỵĐÝÐ⑩Õ❭Ï✳Ị❛Ð❁❐⑧Þå❐➝×❛Ï✳❰❛×❶Û❦❐➝Ð Û❦❐❢è❛❐❢ƠƯĐÝỊ❛Ø✝❐➝×❛Ï✔Ø✮ÕÜÙ▲ÕÜƠ✠Ơ➛Đ❦Ú ❐❢è❛❐➝×❇✃■âƯáÝ✃■❐➝Ð✁è❛❐Ü×❛Ï➛â✠ƠỮ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❇Ð✱Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Þ ➵➢✃■â✧Ơ✠❐ðÛ❦Ú✦❐❢Ơ✧Ơ✠â❡×❶á❛Þ✦ß⑧Õ❭×đĐ❦è❛❐ÜÐ✺✃■❐⑧Õ❭Ï✾û✉Đ❦❒❆Ï➛❐➝× Ï❡✃❛❐✕Þ✐❐✄ß✕Õå× ỉ ❐✍Þ✱ĐÝƠ❡è❦❐✕Û ỉ Ù➴Ï❡✃❛❐⑩Ø↔❰ùß❭✃✆á❢Ð✺❐✕ÕåÏ✠❐✎Ð✒ß✕Đä×úÏ➀Ð➱ĐÝƠ☛Õ❭×❶Ûà❒✜Ð❁❐❢➮ ❐⑧Û❛ĐÝØ Đ❦❒♦ØãĐ❦è❛❐➝Ø✝❐➝×❛Ï✳Ï✠✃❶Õ✎Ï✔❐➝ï■âƯÞ✐Ï✜Þ✦❒➱ĐÝÐ✘Ï✠✃■❐ â➀×❶Û❦â✧è❛â➛ÛÝ❰❶Õ➝Ơ✳➳❆×đÞ✐❰■ßÜ✃đÞ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß❢❐⑧Þ❾Õ❢Þ ➮ ĐÝỊ❛Ị❶Đ❛Þå❐⑧ÛãÏỵĐã×❶ĐÝ×❶ý✺Û❛ĐÝØð❐⑧Þ✐Ï➛â✧ß ỉ ❰■â✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶á❛Þ ➮ ➻✔➭♦➳✾➾✶➯✳➭✒➳✺➫ ➳❆×▲ßäĐÝØ➴Ø✝❐ÜÐ❁ß❢â➛ÕÜƠ ỉ ❰■â✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶á❛Þ✦Ï✠✃■❐✮Þåâ❡Ï✠❰❶Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ× ỉ ❐❢ß⑧ĐÝØð❐⑧Þ✄❒❁Õ❭Ð✁Ø✮ĐÝÐ➱❐✝ß⑧ĐÝØ➴Ị■Ơ✧â✠ß⑧Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Û ➻✒ĐÝØð❒❁ĐÝÐ✺Ï✒ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Û❦â❡Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❶Þ➝û Ï✠✃■❐ÜÐ✺Ø✮Õ➝Ơ✜ûíÕ➝ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ß➓Õ❭×❶Û➞Ơ✧â➛áÝ✃❛ÏƯâ➀×❶á⑥û✍Õ❭Ð❁❐◗❒➱Õ➝â➀Ð❁Ơ✧Ù➞Ð❁â➛á❦âỬ❦Ơ✠Ù➣ƠỮ➝â➛Û➣Û❛Đ❦Ú✁×❯❒❁ĐÝÐ✪Õ❭×✗➮ Đ❦❒✾❒✺â✠ß❢❐ ➮ ➫ ×❶Õ❭Ï✠❰❛Ð✱ÕÜƠ✠Ơ✠Ù è❦❐✎×❦ÏƯâ✠ƠỮ❭Ï➛❐⑧Û✆Þ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß❢❐➴âƯÞ①❰❛×■Ơ✠✄â ✂❛❐❢Ơ✠Ù✮Ï✜Đ❇Þ✎Õ❭ÏƯâ➛Þå❒✺Ù✮Ï✠✃■❐⑧Þå❐íß➝Ð❁â➀ÏƯ❐➝Ð❁âỮ➴Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ❺Ï✧✃■❐↔Ï➛â❡Ø✝❐ ➮ ➸①è❛❐➝Ð✾✃■❐⑧Õ❭Ï➛â❡×❶áãØ✮ÕÜÙ❣Đ❦ß❢ß➝❰❛Ð①ĐÝ× Þ✎ĐÝØ✝❐✮Û❛Õ➝Ù■Þ➝û❙×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐✝Ơ✠❐✕è❛❐❢Ơ➛Þ✦Ø✮ÕÜÙ ỉ ❐➴✃■âƯáÝ✃❭×❶Û❇Ơ✠â➛áÝ✃❛ÏƯâ➀×❶áàØ✮ÕÜÙ ỉ ❐➴ØãĐÝÐ❁❐✝è■Õ❭Ð❁âỮ ỉ Ơ✠❐ ➮ ➳❆Ï✒âƯÞ✄á❛Đ❦â➀×❶á✝Ï✜Đ ỉ ❐ ×❛❐ÜßÜ❐❢Þ✱ÞåÕåÐ✺Ù➴ÏƯĐ➴❐✕Þ➱ÏỮ ỉ Ơ❡â✠Þ✺✃✮Ú✘✃■ÕåÏ❖èùÕ Ð❁âỮ ỉ â✠Ơ✧â➀ÏỨ❇â➛Þ✄ÕÜƠ✠Ơ➛Đ❦Ú❾Õ ỉ Ơ✧❐ ➮ ➾❖✃■❐➝Ð❁❐➴âƯÞ✄Þ✐Ï✠Ð✐ĐÝ×❶áà❐❢è❛â➛Û❦❐Ü×■ß❢❐↔ÏỵĐ❇Þ✐❰❶á❛á❦❐⑧Þ✐Ï✳Ï✠✃❶Õ❭Ï Ị❶❐❦Đ❦Ị■Ơ✠❐à❒✾❐❢❐❢Ơ ỉ ❐➝Ï✠ÏƯ❐➝Ð❾â➀×▲×❶Õ✎Ï✠❰❛Ð✱Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ùđè❛❐➝×❛Ï➛â✧Ơ➛Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Û ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á❛Þ ➮ ➳❆×❮Õ❭×✪❐⑧Õ✎Ð❁Ơ✠ÙưÞ✐Ï✠❰❶Û❦Ù✪Đ❦❒ ỉ ❰■â✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶áđÞåâ✠✝ß ✂❦×■❐⑧Þ✎Þ Þ✎Ù❩×❶ÛÝÐ✱ĐÝØð❐ ✟ ß⑧ĐÝØíỊ❶Õ❭Ð❁â➀×❶á❮Ú❾ĐÝÐ✞✂❛❐➝Ð✐Þãâ➀×üÕ➝Ơ❡Ø✮Đ❛Þ✐Ï✦âỬ❦❐➝×❛Ï➛â✧ß⑧Õ➝Ơ⑩Õ➝â➀Ð✱ý✜ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Û❦â➀ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×■❐⑧Û➢Õ❭×❶Ûư×❶Õ✎Ï✠❰❛Ð✱Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ù➢è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠ƠỮ❭Ï➛❐⑧Û Đ❦❒✺❒✺â✧ß❢❐⑧Þ❮â➛Û❦❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠❒✺âỮ ỉ Ơ✠❐❽Ø✝❐⑧Û❦â✧ß⑧Õ➝ƠãÞåÙ❦Ø➴Ị❛Ï✜ĐÝØãÞ✪Ú⑩❐➝Ð❁❐✸Øí❰■ß➝✃rØãĐÝÐ❁❐üß⑧ĐÝØíØ✮ĐÝ×✬â❡×rÏ✠✃■❐◗Õ➝â➀Ð✐ý❆ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Û❦â➀ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×■❐⑧Û Đ❦❒✺❒✺â✧ß❢❐⑧Þ ➶☛Õ❭Ï➛❐➝Ð➴â➀➮×✸Õ❣Þåâ➀Øðâ✠ƠỮ❭ÐðÞ✐Ï✧❰❶Û❦Ù➆â➀Ï①Ú✄Õ✕Þ➴Ð❁❐➝Ị❶ĐÝÐ✺ÏƯ❐⑧Û ✠ Ï✧✃❶Õ❭Ï❾Õ✎×❽â➀ØíỊ❶ĐÝÐ✺Ï✜Õ❭×❛Ï①ß⑧ĐÝ×❛Ï✧Ð❁â ỉ ❰❛ÏƯâ➀×❶á✪❒❁ÕÜß➝Ï✜ĐÝÐ Ï✜Đ ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á Þåâ✠✡ß ✂❦×■❐⑧Þ✎ÞưÚ✄Õ❢ÞĨÏ✠✃■❐➢Ð❁❐⑧ÛÝ❰■ß❢❐äÛ Ơ✠❐✕è❛❐❢Ơ✝Đ❦❒➏ß⑧ĐÝ×❛Ï✧Ð✱Đ❦Ơ↔Ï✠✃❶Õ❭Ï✝â❡×❶Û❦â✠è❛â➛ÛÝ❰❶ÕÜƠ➛Þđ✃❶ÕÜè❛❐◗Đ❦è❛❐➝Ð❇Ï✠✃■❐✸❐➝×■è❛â❡Ð✱ĐÝ×❛Ø✝❐➝×❛ÏỵÕ➝Ơ ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Û❦â❡Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×❶Þ➣Ú✁✃■❐➝× ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶á❛Þ➣Õ❭Ð➱❐✌Þå❐äÕ➝Ơ✠❐⑧Û Ú✁✃■â✠ß➝✃ ✃■❐❢â➛áÝ✃❛ÏƯ❐➝×❶Þ➓Ï✠✃■❐❯Ị■❐➝Ð❁ß❢❐ÜỊ❛Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×❶ÞrĐ❦❒✣Û❦â➛Þåß⑧ĐÝØð❒❁ĐÝÐ✺Ï ➮ ➬♦Ð✾â➀❒✜❒✜â➀Ï✠✃❶Þr☛ ❒❁ĐÝ❰❛×❶ÛãÏ✠✃❶Õ✎Ï✶Ï✧✃■❐✝áÝÐ❁❐⑧Õ✎Ï➛❐➝Ðìè■Õ❭Ð❁â➛Õ ỉ â✠Ơ✠â❡Ï➛Ù❇â❡×❇Ï➛❐ÜØ➴Ị■❐➝Ð✱Õ✎Ï✠❰❛Ð❁❐íâ➀×❇Ị❶Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✧è❛❐✝Þ✎Đ❦ƠỮ❭Ð ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á❛Þ❾Û❦â➛Ûã×❶ĐÝÏ Õ❭Ị❛Ị■❐⑧Õ✎Ð✘Ï✜Đ✆Õ➝❒✺❒✺❐❢ßÜÏ✶Ï✧✃■❐➝Ð✺Ø✮ÕÜƠ✶ß⑧ĐÝØð❒❁ĐÝÐ✺ÏéÕ❭×❶ÛãÏ✧✃❶Õ❭Ï✶Ị■❐äĐÝỊ■Ơ✠❐✝Û❦âỬã×❶ĐÝÏ☛❒✺â➀×❶Û❇Þ✐❰■ßÜ✃❣ß➝✃❶Õ❭×❶á❦❐⑧Þ✁❰❛×❛Ị■Ơ✠❐⑧Õ❢Þ✎Õ✎×❛Ï ➮ ➾✰✃❛❐ Õ❭ß✕Đä❰❩Þ✐Ï➛â✠ßí❐➝×■è❛â➀Ð✐ĐÝ×❛Ø✝❐➝×❛Ï☛â➛Þ✄ĐÝ×■❐íß⑧ĐÝ×❛Ï✠Ð➱â ỉ ❰❛Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❇Ï✜Đ✝Ï✠✃■❐↔ÏỵĐÝÏ✜Õ➝Ơ✳❐➝×■è❛â❡Ð✱ĐÝ×❛Ø✝❐➝×❛ÏỵÕ➝Ơ✳ß⑧ĐÝØ✝❒❁ĐÝÐ✾Ï✔â❡×đÕ➴Þ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß✕❐ ➮ 29 ➛➳ Ï➛Þ♦Ð✾❐ÜƠ✠ÕåÏ✧â❡è❦❐✄â❷Ø✍Ị■Đ❢Ð❆ÏỮå×❛ßÜ❐✄â❷×✝Ð✺❐ÜƠ✧Õ Ï✧â✧Đä×✮Ï✜ĐãÏ✧✃■❐➝Ð✺ØãÕ➝Ơ✔Õ✎×❶Ûàè❛â➛Þ✐❰❶Õ➝Ơ✳ß⑧ĐÝØð❒❁ĐÝÐ✺Ï☛Ú✦â✧Ơ✠Ơ☛Û❦❐➝Ị■❐➝×❶Û❇ĐÝ×❇Ï✧✃■❐↔×❶Õ❭Ï✧❰❛Ð❁❐✝Đ❦❒ Ïỵ✃❴❐❇Þ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß❢❐ ➮ ➾❺✃■❐❇ÕÜß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐Ï➛â✧ßàß➝Ð❁â➀ÏƯ❐➝Ð❁âỮã❒❁ĐÝÐ✍Đ❦❒✺❒✺â✧ß❢❐⑧Þ➴Õ❭Ð❁❐àƠỮ➝â➛Û▲Û❛Đ❦Ú✁×❮❒➱ĐÝÐ✦Ï✠✃■❐ãØ✮Đ❛Û❦❐ÜÐ✺×➆Õ➝â➀Ð✱ý✜ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Û❦â➀ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×■â➀×❶á ĐÝ❒✜❒✜â➀ßÜ❐⑧û⑥Ú✁â❷Ï❡✃✝Ï❡✃❛❐✍Õ✎â❷Ð✒ß✕Đä×■Û❦â❡Ï➛âƯĐÝ×■â➀×❶áãỊ■ƠỮ➝Ù❛â➀×❶á❇Õ✎×❣â➀ØíỊ❶ĐÝÐ✺Ï✜Õ❭×❛Ï✳Ð✱Đ❦Ơ✧❐➴â➀×ĨÕ➝ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐Ï➛â✧ß↔Ị❛Ð❁â✧è■Õ➝ß❢Ù❣Õ✎×❶ÛãÏ✠✃■❐ðÞå❐⑧Õ➝Ơ✠❐äÛ á❦Ơ➛ÕÜë❢â➀×❶☞ ✂❛❐❢❐➝Ị■â❡×❶á✸ĐÝ❰❛Ï✦×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐ ➮ ➾❖✃■❐⑧Þå❐✪Õ✎Ð❁✍ ❐ ✌ ✦★✧✪✩ ✎✑✏✓✒✕✔✖✏✕✗✙✘✓✚ ĐÝ✛ Ð ✌ ✦★✧✪✩ ✏✕✗✓✔✖✗✓✜✢✘✓✚ ✫ ÿ➛➘✦➭✁øúò✸ĐÝÐð➘✦✤➭ ✣❛✥ ó ✬  ÛÝ❐✎Ị❛❐✎×■Û⑧â❷×■á✝Đä×✝Ï❡✃ù❐✦Ï✧ÙÝỊ❛❐ ĐÝ❒✒Đ⑧❒❆❒✜â✠ß❢❐ðÕ❭×❶Û❇Õ❭Ð➱❐✝Õ❢Þ①Øí❰■ß➝✃❇Øðâ➀×■â➀Øí❰❛Ø Õ✕Þ①Ø✮Õ❭ï■â❡Ø➴❰❛Ø ➵➢✃■â✠Ơ✧❐↔Ð✱Đ❛Õ✕ÛãÏ✠Ð✱ÕÜ❒✺❒✺â✠ß ×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐➴Ø✮Õ➝Ù ỉ ❐✝â❡×❛Ï✠Ð✺❰❶Þåâ✧è❛❐✝â➀Ï✔✃❶Õ❢Þ✍Õ➝Ơ❡Ð❁❐⑧Õ❢Û❦Ù ỉ ❐❢❐Ü×✪Þ✐❰❶á❛á❦❐äÞ✐Ï➛❐⑧ÛàÏ✠✃❶Õ✎Ï✔Ị■❐⑧ĐÝỊ■Ơ✠❐✝Ú⑩â✠Ơ✧Ơ✶Ï✜Đ❦➮ Ơ✧❐➝Ð✱Õ❭ÏƯ❐↔✃■âƯáÝ✃■❐➝Ð✁Ơ✧❐❢è❛❐❢Ơ➛Þ Đ❦❒①ƠƯĐ❦Ú✌❒❆Ð➱❐⑧çù❰■❐Ü×■ß❢ÙđÞ✎ĐÝ❰❛×❶ÛĨÞ✎ĐàÏ✧✃❶Õ❭Ï✒Ơ➛Õ✎Ø✝â➀×❶Õ✎Ï➛❐⑧Û❣á❦Ơ➛Õ✕Þ✎Þ ßäÕ❭× ỉ ❐➴❰❶Þå❐⑧Û❇â➀×đ❒❁Õ❢Þ✐Ï✔Ï✧Ð✱Õ➝✝ß ✂❣ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Þ✐Ï✧Ð✺❰■ß➝ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ× ➮ ➾✔Đ Ú✦✃tÕ❭Ï✘❐➝ï❛ÏƯ❐➝×❛Ï✒Ï✧✃■❐⑧Þå❐✮Ơ✧❐❢è❛❐❢Ơ➛Þ✍ßäÕ❭× ỉ ❐✮â➀×■ßÜÐ❁❐⑧Õ❢Þå❐⑧Û❇ÏỵĐđÕ➝Ơ✠ƠƯĐ❦Ú✌×❶Õ✎Ï✠❰❛Ð✱Õ➝Ơéè❛❐➝×❛Ï➛â✧Ơ➛Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×ưÚ✁✃■❐➝Ð❁❐✮â❡×❛Ï✠Ð✺❰❶Þåâ✧è❛❐✝Ð✱Đ❛Õ❢Û Ï✠Ð✐Õ➝❒✺❒✺â✧ßí×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐➴❐➝ï■âƯÞ✐Ï✜Þ✦âƯÞ✄Õ ØãÕ❭Ï✠ÏƯ❐➝Ð✁❒➱ĐÝÐ✘Ï✠✃■❐✍Ï✜ĐÝÏỵÕ➝Ơ✶ßäĐÝØ✝❒❁ĐÝÐ✺ÏéÞå❐➝×❶Þ✎Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×đĐ❦❒✒Ï✠✃■❐ðĐ❦❒✺❒✺â✠ß✕❐✝Õ❢Þ✄Õ✍Ú①✃❶Đ❦Ơ✧❐ ➮ ➪✔❰❛Ï Õ❭Ð❁❐✍Ï✠✃■❐➝Ð➱❐➴Ơ✠â❡Ø✝â❡Ï✜Þ✮✭ ➹➆Õ❭ï■â❡Ø➴❰❛Ø â➀×❛Ï✠Ð✾❰❶Þåâ✠è❛❐➴×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐✝Ơ✧❐❢è❛❐❢ƠƯÞ❾ÏỵĐ❣Õ➝Ơ✠ƠƯĐ❦Ú ×❶ĐÝÐ✺ØãÕ➝Ơ✒Þ✐Ị■❐❢❐❢ßÜ✃▲ßäĐÝ×■è❛❐➝Ð✱Þ✎Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×❭Ð❁✯ ❐ ✌ ✎✑✗✱✰✝✘✓✚✣Õ❭✲Ï ☎❦Ø Õå×■✳ Û ✌ ✦✼✧✽✩ ✎✴✗✶✵✷✘✕✚❽Õå✹ Ï ✸✐Ø ➮ ✾ ➾❖❐➝Ơ❡❐✎Ị❦✃❩Đä×❛❐❾ß⑧ĐÝ×■è❛❐➝Ð✱Þ✎Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×❶Þ✄Õ✎Ð❁❐✝Þ✎Õ❭ÏƯâ➛Þå❒❁ÕÜß➝Ï✜ĐÝÐ❁Ù➏Õ❭Ï✒✻ò ✺úÛ❦➪✒➫ ĐÝÐ✁✦★➘⑩✧✪✩ ➭✘ò❛➸✄û✉ÞåƠ✠âƯáÝ✃❛Ï➛Ơ✧Ù Û❦â✠❒✾❒✺â✠ß➝❰■Ơ❡Ï✒Õ✎Ï✤✿✻✺úÛ❦➪✒➫ ĐÝÐì➘✦➭❀✿❦ó ➚❙❐➝Ð✺✃❶Õ✎Ị❶Þ✄Õ❭×đÕ ỉ Þ✎Đ❦Ơ❡❰❛Ï➛❐✍Ø✮Õ❭ï■â❡Ø➴❰❛Ø➉ß⑧ĐÝ❰■Ơ➛Û ỉ ❐ðÞå❐➝ÏéÕ❭Ï❁✌ ✗✕✗✓✔❃❂✕✒❄✘✓✚✤✭ ➾❖✃■❐⑧Þå❐ðØãÕ➝ÙđÛ❦❐⑧Þåß➝Ð❁â ỉ ❐➴Ï✠✃■❐➴❰❛Ị❛Ị■➮ ❐➝✬ Ð⑩Ơ✧â➀Ø✝â❡Ï✜Þ✄❒❁ĐÝÐ✁×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐✝Ú✦â❡Ï✠✃■â➀×✆Ï✠✃■❐✝Đ❦❒✾❒✺â✠ß❢❐ ỉ ❰❛Ï✶Ï✧✃■❐➝Ð❁❐íâ➛Þ✄Þ✐ÏƯ✦★â✠✧✪Ơ✠✩ Ơ☛Õ ×■❐✕❐⑧Ûà❒❁ĐÝÐ Õ①Øíâ❷×■â➀Øí❰❛Ø ➮ ➽❶ĐÝ❰❛×❶ÛãØ✮Õ✕✁Þ ✂❛â➀×❶á❇ÞåÙ■Þ✐ÏƯ❐➝Ø✮Þ✦❒✜❰■Ơ✠❒✺â✧Ơ✠Ơ❖Ï✠✃■â➛Þ⑩❒❆❰❛×■ß➝Ï➛âƯĐÝ×đÕ❢Û❦❐⑧ç❦❰❶Õ❭ÏƯ❐❢Ơ✠Ù❣Õ✎Ï✶Ï✧✃■❐↔Ø✮ĐÝØð❐➝×❛Ï ỉ ❰❛Ï✔â❡Ï✔âƯÞ ÞÜĐùØð❐➝Ï➛â❡Ø✝❐⑧Þ Û❦â✧❒✺❒✺â✠ßÜ❰■Ơ➀ÏüÏỵĐ✚Ị■❐➝Ð✱Þ✐❰❶Õ❢Û❦❐ Õ ß❢Ơ✠â✧❐➝×❛Ï Û❦❐ÜØ✮Õ❭×❶Û❦â❡×❶áõÕ✚ê áÝÐ❁❐✕❐➝×❙ê❣ê ✃■❐⑧Õ➝Ơ➀Ï✧✃■Ù❴ê ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á✚Ï✧✃❶Õ❭Ï ❐❢Ơ✧❐❢ß➝Ï✠Ð✐ĐÝ×■â✠ß⑧Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ù❇ßÜÐ❁❐⑧Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Ûã×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐íâ➛Þ①×■❐✕ß❢❐⑧Þ✎Þ✎Õ❭Ð❁Ù ➮ ➽❴➸✁➼⑩➘✦➷✗➫✄➪✁➽❶➸①➭✒➚❙➾✳➳❁➸①➘✗➫✄➘⑩➷✗➾❆❅⑩➯✳➭♦➹✪➫❾➶◗➹✪➫í➽➐➽ ➵✸â❡Ï✠✃❶ĐÝ❰❛Ï✒Õ➝â❡Ð✱ý❆ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Û❦â❡Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×■â❡×❶áãÏ✠✃■❐✍Ị❶Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✠è❛❐ðÞ✎Đ❦Ơ➛Õ❭Ð ỉ ❰■â✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶áàƠƯĐ❛Þå❐⑧Þ①Ï✠✃■❐✍×■❐❢❐⑧Ûà❒➱ĐÝÐ⑩Õ↔ß✕❐❢â✠Ơ✧â➀×❶áàè■Đ❦âỬ ỉ ❐➝✃■â➀×❶Û Õ✎ß❢Đ❢❰■Þ➱Ï✧â❡ß✦Ï✧â❡Ơ❡❐❢Þ✘Ú✁â❷Ï❡✃✝Ï❡✃❛❐✦Øíâ❷×❛â❡Ø✮Õ➝Ơ☛Þå❐➝Ð❁è❛â✧ß❢❐⑧Þ✄Þ✐❰❛Ị❛Ị■Ơ✧â✠❐⑧Ûàâ❡×đÕ➴Þ✐ØãÕ➝Ơ✠Ơ❖Ð✱Õ➝âƯÞå❐⑧Ûà❒✺ƠƯĐ❛ĐÝÐ ➮ ➫✄ßäĐÝ❰❶Þ✐Ï➛â✠ßíß⑧ĐÝ×❛Ï✠Ð✐Đ❦Ơ✶âƯÞ Þ✐Ï➛â✧Ơ✠Ơ✶×■❐❢❐⑧Û❦❐⑧Û ỉ ❰❛Ï✥Õ✎Ị❛Ị■Ơ✠â✠ßäÕ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ×✪Đ❦❒⑩ÕÜß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐Ï➛â✧ß➴Ï✠Ð❁❐⑧Õ✎Ï✠Ø✝❐Ü×❛Ï✜Þ✄â➀×❣Ï✠✃■❐í❒❁ĐÝÐ✺Ø Đ❦❒✁ÕíÞ✐❰❶Þ✐Ị■❐➝×❶Û❦❐⑧Ûàß❢❐✕â✠Ơ✠â❡×❶á❇ĐÝÐ ỉ Ù Û❛â✠Ð❁❐❢ß➝Ï⑩Õ❭Ï✧Ï✜Õ➝ß➝✃❛Øð❐➝×❛Ï✥Ï✜Đ❣Ï✠✃■❐✆ß❢❐✕â✠Ơ✠â❡×❶á▲ßÜÐ❁❐⑧Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Þ↔Ï✧✃■❐➝Ð✺ØãÕ➝Ơ✥â➀×❶Þ✐❰■ƠỮ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ× ỉ ❐➝ÏƯÚ✦❐✕❐➝×✪Ï✧✃■❐➏Õ➝â➀Ð↔Õ❭×❶Û❣Ï✠✃■❐✆ß❢❐❢â✧Ơ✠â❡×❶á Ø✆Õ⑧Þ✎ÞðâƯÞðÕ❭×❮â❡Ø➴Ị❶ĐÝÐ✺ÏỵÕ❭×❛Ïì❐✕Ơ✠❐➝Øð❐➝×❛Ïìâ❡×✠✃■❐❇Û❦❐⑧Þåâ➛áÝ×➆Đ❦❒⑩×❶Õ❭Ï✧❰❛Ð✱Õ➝Ơ✠Ơ✧Ùưè❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠Ơ➛Õ✎Ï➛❐⑧Û ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶á❛ÞðÕ❢Þíâ❡Ï✥✃■❐❢Ơ❡Ị❶Þ✍Ï✜Đ ➮ Ị❦Ð✾❐Üè❦❐✎×❦Ï✳Đ⑧è❦❐✎Ð❆✃ù❐❢ÕåÏ✧â❷×■á ➮ ➫✦ßÜßÜ❐⑧Þ✎Þ①Ï✜Đ✝Ï✠✃■❐➴❒✾Ơ➛Đ❛ĐÝÐ⑩ÞåƠỮ ỉ âƯÞ①Ị❛Ð❁❐❢è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯ❐⑧ÛàÚ⑩â➀Ï✧✃đÕ Ð✱ÕÜâ➛Þå❐⑧Ûà❒✾Ơ➛Đ❛ĐÝÐ⑩Õ✎×❶✝Û ❇✺ĐÝÐ✁ßäÕ❭Ð✺Ị■❐➝ÏỵÞ Þ✎ĐãÏ✧✃■❐➴ß❢❐❢â✧Ơ✠â❡×❶áã×■❐❢❐⑧Û❛Þ①ÏỵĐ ỉ ❐➴❐Üï❛Ị❶Đ❛Þå❐⑧Û ➮ ➳➛Ï✰✃■ÕÜÞ ỉ ❐Ü❐✎×✝Ð✺❐✎Ị■Đ❢Ð❆Ï✧❐✕Û✬❈ Ï❡✃❩Õ Ï❺Õ ×✮❐✎ï❦Ị❩Đ❦Þ✐❐✕Û➴ßÜ❐➝â❡Ơ❡â❷×■á➴Ú✁â❡Ơ❡Ơ➐Ð✾❐❢Û❢❰❛ßÜ❐✦Ï❡✃❛❐✄Ð✱Đ❛ĐÝØ Ï➛❐➝ØíỊ■❐➝Ð✱Õ❭Ï✧❰❛Ð❁❐✝ĐÝ×đÕ✍Ú✄Õ✎Ð✺Ø Û❛ÕÜÙ ỉ❉ Ù ✸Ü✖ý ☎✮❋ ➻ ĐÝÐ▲Ï✧✃❶Õ❭Ï✮Ï✠✃■❐➓â❡×❛Ï➛❐➝Ð✾×❶Õ➝Ơã✃■❐äÕ❭Ï❇ƠƯĐ❛Õ❢Û➣ß⑧Õ✎× ỉ ❐➓â❡×■ß➝Ð❁❐⑧Õ❢Þå❐äÛ ỉ Ù✗ò❛✮ý ✸✎ó❛❊ ➵ ❇➛Ø ✠ ➮ ➾❖✃■â➛Þ➆ß⑧Õ❭× ỉ ❐ Ø✮ÕÜâ➀×❛Ï✜ÕÜâ➀×■❐⑧Û❇Đ❦è❛❐ÜÐ⑩Õ↔ƠƯĐÝ×❶á ➮ Ị■❐➝Ð❁âƯĐ❛Û ỉ Ùà×■â➛áÝ✃❛ÏỵýỵÏ➛â❡Ø✝❐íè❛❐➝×❛Ï➛â✧Ơ➛Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ× ➮ ➾✶✃❶❐▲❐❢❒✺❒✺❐❢ßÜÏ✄âƯÞ❇Õ➝Ơ➀ØãĐ❛Þ✐Ï✦ØãÕ➝â➀×❛ÏỵÕ➝â➀×■❐äÛ➢â✠❒ðÕ▲Þ✐❰❶Þ✐Ị■❐➝×❶Û❦❐⑧Û➆ß❢❐❢â✠Ơ✧â➀×❶á➢âƯÞàâ➀×❽Ị■Ơ➛Õ➝ß❢❐đÚ✦â❡Ï✠● ✃ ✸✕✸úơ Đ❦❒↔Ï✧✃■❐ĨÏ➛â✧Ơ✠❐⑧Þ Ð✾❐❭ØðĐÝèú❐❢Û➴â❷×✆Þ✺Ï➀Ð✾â❷Ị■Þ ➮ ➾✰✃❛❐❾ß❢Đ❢×■Þ✐❐✕çÝ❰❛❐✎×❛ßÜ❐✕Þ✁Đä×✝Ð✾❐➝èú❐❭Ð ỉ ❐✎Ð❁ÕåÏ✧â✧Đä×✝Ï✧â❷Ø✝❐✝Đ❦❒✒Ï✠✃■❐✍Ð✱Đ❛ĐÝØ✚âƯÞ①Ø✮Õ✎Ð✱á❦â➀×❶Õ➝Ơ ỉ ❰❛Ï✳Ï✠✃■❐➝Ð❁❐ Ú✁â❡Ơ❡Ơ ỉ ❐❾â⑦×ùß❭Ð✾❐✕Õ➝Þ❁❐❢Û↔ỊúÐ❁Đ ỉ Ơ❡❐❭ØðÞ✁Đ⑧❒✶Ð❁ĐúĐäØ Ï✜ĐãÐ✱Đ❛ĐÝØ Ï✠Ð✐Õ❭×❶Þ✐Ø✝âƯÞ✎Þåâ➛ĐÝ× ➮ ➚❴✃■Ù■Þåâ✠ßäÕ➝Ơ ỉ Õ✎Ð✺Ð❁â✠❐ÜÐ✱Þ✄Õ ỉ Đ❦è❛❐✍Ị❶Õ❭Ð✺Ï➛â❡Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❶Þ Ø✮ÕÜÙ ỉ ❐àÏ✠✃■❐❣ĐÝ×■Ơ✠Ù➆Þ✎Đ❦Ơ➀❰❛ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×✸Õ✕ÞãÕ➝ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ßàÏ✠Ð❁❐äÕ❭Ï✠Øð❐➝×❛Ï⑩Đ❦❒❾Ï✧✃■❐✆❰❛×❶Û❦❐➝Ð✐Þåâ➛Û❦❐❣Đ❦❒❾Ï✧✃■❐➏❒✺ƠƯĐ❛ĐÝÐ➴ÞåƠỮ ỉ Ú⑩â✠Ơ✧Ơ✁Õ➝ß➝Ï ÕÜá❦Õ✎â⑦×❩Þ➱Ï✉Ị❦Ð➱ĐÝè❦â✧Û⑧â⑦×❩á↔Ï❡✃❛❐✎Ð❆ØðÕ✎Ơ➐ØðÕ➝Þ✱Þ ➮ ➾✰✃■❐⑧Þå❐ ỉ Õ❭Ð✾Ð❁â✠❐➝Ð✐Þ✄Õ❭Ð❁❐✍×❶ĐÝÏ✔❐⑧Õ✕ÞåÙàÏ✜Đàâ❡Ø➴Ị■Ơ✧❐➝Ø✝❐➝×❛Ï☛â✠❒✒Ï✠✃■❐íè■Đ❦â➛Ûàß⑧Õ✎Ð✺Ð❁â✠❐äÞ Þå❐➝Ð❁è❛â✧ß❢❐⑧Þ ❍✆■ ❏ ➮ ➾✶✃❶❐ĨÐ✱Đ❦Ơ✧❐đĐ❦❒❾Ï✠✃■❐❣ßäĐÝ×■è❛❐❢ß➝Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❽ß➝❰❛Ð✺Ð➱❐➝×❛Ï✜Þ✮Þå❐ÜÏ✁❰❛Ị❽â❡×➆Ï✠✃■❐➏è■Đ❦â➛Û✪âƯÞ✮Đ ỉ è❛â➛ĐÝ❰❶ÞåƠ✧Ù➆è❛❐➝Ð❁Ù❮â➀Ø➴Ị❶ĐÝÐ✾Ï✜Õ❭×❛Ï✦Õ❭×❶Û➆Õ Þ✐â❷Øíâ❡Ơ✧Õ Ð✔Ï❡✃ù❐❭Ð✜ØðÕ❭Ơ✰Ị■❐➝Ð➱❒❁ĐÝÐ✺Ø✮Õ✎×■ß❢❐➴ß⑧ĐÝ❰■ƠỬã×❶ĐÝÏ ỉ ❐➴❐➝ï❛Ị■❐❢ßÜÏ➛❐⑧Ûà❒✜Ð✱ĐÝØ Ï✧✃■❐↔❰❶Þå❐ðĐ❦❒✁Û❦â➀Ð➱❐❢ß➝Ï➛Ơ✧Ù❣Õ❭Ï✧Ï✜Õ➝ß➝✃■❐äÛãÏ➛â✧Ơ✠❐⑧Þ✄ĐÝÐ ❒❆Ð✱ĐÝØ ÕưÞ✐✃❶ÕÜƠ✠Ơ➛Đ❦Ú è■Đ❦â➛Û↕Û❦❐äÞåâ➛áÝ×■❐⑧Û➆ÏỵĐ↕Þ✎Õ❭Ï➛âƯÞå❒✺Ù❽Ï✠✃■❐ưƠ✧â➛áÝ✃❛ÏƯâ➀×❶á➆Ð❁❐⑧ç❦❰■â➀Ð➱❐➝Ø✝❐➝×❛ÏỵÞ ➮ ➘✄Đ↕Û❛Õ❭ÏỵÕđâ➛Þ➏ÕÜè■Õ➝â✠ƠỮ ỉ Ơ✠❐ Õ❢Ơ✠Ï✠✃❶ĐÝ❰❶áÝ✃❽Þ✐❰❶á❛á❦❐⑧Þ✐Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❶ÞãÕ❭Ð❁❐ ỉ ❐❢â❡×❶áđØ✮Õ✕Û❦❐ưÿ✠Ï✧✃❶ĐÝ❰❶áÝ✃❮×❶ĐÝÏ✁â➀×✪Ị❛Ð❁â➀×❛Ï▲❑▼ ①Ï✠✃❶Õ❭Ï✁❒❁ĐÝÐíÛ❦â➀Ð❁❐✕ß➝Ï➛Ơ✧Ù➢Õ❭Ï✧Ï✜Õ➝ß➝✃■❐äÛđÏ➛â✧Ơ✠❐⑧Þ Õ ỉ Đä❰ú❁Ï ✺✕ó❙ơ✌Đ⑧❒✶Ï❡✃❛❐✄ßÜ❐➝â❡Ơ❡â❷×■á✝ÕåÐ✺❐✕Õ①×ù❐➝❐⑧Û❛Þ✁Ï✜Đ ỉ ❐í❐➝ï❛Ị❶Đ❛Þå❐⑧Û ➮ ➾❖✃■❐➝Ð❁❐✍Ø➴❰❶Þ✐Ï ỉ ❐✝Û❛ĐÝ❰ ỉ Ï✜Þ❾Õ ỉ ĐÝ❰❛Ï✶Ï✧✃■â➛Þ✄Õ✎Ð❁❐⑧Õ➴Đ❦❒ Ï➛â✧Ơ✠❐⑧Þ ỉ ❐❢â➀×❶áĨÕ➝ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ß⑧ÕÜƠ✠Ơ✠Ù▲Þ✎Õ❭ÏƯâ➛Þå❒❁Õ➝ßÜÏ✜ĐÝÐ❁Ù ➮ ➫✦ÏéÏ✧✃■❐ðØ✮ĐÝØ✝❐Ü×❛Ï✘Õ✝è■Đ❦âỬ❦Ơ✠❐⑧Þ✎Þ ß❢❐❢â✧Ơ✠â❡×❶á❣âƯÞíĐÝ×■Ơ✧ÙđƠ✧▼â ✂❛❐❢Ơ✧Ù❣ÏỵĐ ỉ ❐ Õ✎❐❢Þ✺Ï➀✃ù❐❭Ï✧â❡ß✕Õ❭Ơ❡Ơ❡Ù✝ß❢Đ❢Ø✍Ị■ÕåÏ✠â ỉ Ơ➀❐❾Ú✁â⑦Ï❡✃✆Õå×✝❰❦ỊùƠ➀â✧á❢✃❦Ï✧â❷×■á❇ÞåÙ■Þ✐ÏƯ❐➝Ø ➮ ➾❖✃■❐⑧Þå❐ðÞåÙ■Þ✐Ï➛❐➝ØãÞ①❰❶Þå❐↔✃■âƯáÝ✃❇Ị❛Ð❁❐⑧Þ✎Þ✐❰❛Ð❁❐ðÞ✎Đ❛Û❦â➀❰❛Ø Õ➝×❙ÛđØð❐➝Ï✜Õ➝Ơ♦✃❶Õ➝Ơ✧â➛Û❦❐❣Û❦â➛Þåß➝✃❶Õ✎Ð✱á❦❐➏ƠỮ❭Ø➴Ị❶Þ➴Ú①✃■â✧ß➝✃✸Õ✎Ð❁❐✆×❶ĐÝÏ✁Ù❛❐➝Ï✁ß⑧ĐÝØíỊ❶Õ❭Ï➛â ỉ Ơ✠❐❇Ú✦â❡Ï✠✃❽Û❛Õ➝Ù❛Ơ✠âƯáÝ✃❛Ï✦Þ✐❰ ỉ Þ✐ÏƯâ➀Ï✧❰❛Ï➛â➛ĐÝ× ❐❢Ơ✧❐❢ß➝Ï✠Ð➱â✠ß➴Ơ✧â➛áÝ✃❛Ï☛ß⑧ĐÝ×❛Ï✠Ð✐Đ❦Ơ➛Þ✄Õ❭×❶Û✝Ï✠✃■❐➝Ð❁❐✕❒❁ĐÝÐ❁❐↔×❶ĐÝÏéÞ✐❰■â➀ÏƯ❐⑧ÛãÏỵĐ❇Û❛Õ➝Ù❛Ơ✠â❡Ï ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶á❛Þ ➮ ĐäỊù❐❭×✆á❢Ð✺â✧Û➴ßÜ❐➝â❡Ơ❡â❷×■áúÞ✘Ú✁â➀Ơ❡Ơ✉❒ỵ❰ùƠ➀❒✜â❡Ơ❡Ơ➐Ï❡✃❛❐✦Ð✾❐✕çÝ❰❛â❷Ð✺❐✎Øí❐❭×úÏ❖❒✾ĐäÐ✥Õ✎ßÜß➝❐✕ÞåÞ♦ÏƯĐ↔Ï❡✃■❐➝Ð✺ØãÕ➝Ơ❺ØãÕ❢Þ✎Þ ỉ ❰❛Ï✳Ï✠✃■❐íâ➀×■ß⑧ĐÝÐ✺Ị❶ĐÝÐ✐Õ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ× ĐÝ❒✳Ï➀✃ù❐✍Õ✎ß❢Đ❢❰■Þ➱Ï✧â❡ß✍Õ ỉ Þ✱ĐäÐ ỉ ❐➝Ð✥×■❐❢❐⑧Û❛Þ✦ß⑧Õ✎Ð❁❐❢❒❆❰■Ơ✳ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Þåâ➛Û❦❐ÜÐ✱Õ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ× ➮ ➲⑩❐➝Ð✺Ï➛â✧ß⑧Õ➝Ơ☛Õ➝ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ß➴❐✕Ơ✠❐➝Øð❐➝×❛Ï✜Þ↔ÿỵ✮Õ ✂❛â➀×❇ÏỵĐãÏ✠✃■❐ 30 ❒➛❰❦×❛ß✎Ï✧â✧Đä×■Õ✎Ơ❖Õ ỉ Þ✱ĐäÐ ỉ ❐✎Ð❁Þ♦❰❩Þ✐❐✕Û➴â❷×✮❒✺Õ✎ß❭ÏƯĐ❢Ð✺â❡❐✕Þ✄Õ❭×❶Û❇Þ✐Ị❶ĐÝÐ✺ÏỵÞ①✃❶Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ➛Þ✼ éØãÕ➝Ù ỉ ❐í❒✺â➀ï■❐⑧Û✆Õ ỉ Đ❦è❛❐↔Ï✧✃■❐✝ĐÝỊ■❐➝×đáÝÐ➱â➛Û ỉ ❰❛Ï â❷×✆Þ➱❰ùß❭✃✆Õ①ØðÕå×❦×ù❐❭Ð✔Ï✧✃❶Õ❭Ï☛ß⑧ĐÝ×■è❛❐❢ß➝ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×❣ß➝❰❛Ð✾Ð❁❐➝×❛Ï✜Þ❾Õ❭Ð❁❐➴❐Ü×■ß⑧ĐÝ❰❛Ð✱Õ❢á❦❐⑧Û✝Ï✜Đà❐➝ï❛Ị❶Đ❛Þå❐✍Ï✠✃■❐✍Ï✠✃■❐➝Ð✺ØãÕ➝Ơ❖Ø✮Õ❢Þ✎Þ①ÏỵĐãÏ✠✃■❐ Ø✝â❡ï■❐⑧ÛãÐ✱Đ❛ĐÝØ Õ➝â❡Ð ➮ ➳➱Ï✍âƯÞ✮Ú❾ĐÝÐ✺Ï✠✃➢×❶ĐÝÏ➛â❡×❶á✪Ï✠✃❶Õ✎Ï⑩Ï✧✃■❐đ❐✕Ơ✠â➀Øðâ➀×❶Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×üĐÝÐíÐ❁❐äÛÝ❰■ß➝Ï➛âƯĐÝ×◗Đ❦❒ Ï✠✃■❐Ĩè■Đ❦â➛Û➆ßäÕ❭×❽✃❶Õ➝è❛❐➏Ị❶Đ❛Þåâ➀ÏƯâ✠è❛❐Ĩ❐➝×■❐➝Ð✱á❦Ù ỉ ❐✎×❛❐Ü❒✜â⑦ÏƯÞ ỉ Ù✝â⑦×ùß❭Ð✾❐✕Õ➝Þ❁â⑦×❩á➴Ú✁â❷×■Û❦Đ⑧Ú➞✃ù❐➝â✧á❢✃❦Ï✳Đ❢Ð✒â❷Ø✍Ø✝❐⑧Û❦âỮ❭Ï➛❐í❐❢ß⑧ĐÝ×❶ĐÝØ✝â✧ß ỉ ❐➝×■❐✕❒✺â➀ÏỵÞ✄ÛÝ❰❛Ð❁â➀×❶á✮ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Þ✐Ï✠Ð✺❰■ßÜÏ➛â➛ĐÝ× ỉ Ù Ð❁❐⑧ÛÝ❰■ßÜÏ➛â➛ĐÝ×ĨĐ❦❒✘❒✺ƠƯĐ❛ĐÝÐ✘Ï✜Đ✮❒✺Ơ➛Đ❛ĐÝÐ✥✃■❐❢â➛áÝ✃❛ÏỵÞ ➮ ➘✦➫✄➾✳➼⑩➭♦➫❾➶◗➲⑩➯✳➘✦➾✳➳✺➶✳➫✄➾✶➳➱➸①➘ ❖➽ ◆ ➽■➾✳➯✶➹✸➽ ➳➛Ï❖Ú⑩ÕÜÞ✁Õ Ð➱áä❰ù❐❢Û➴❐✕Õ Ð✾Ơ❡â❡❐❭Ð✔Ï❡✃❩Õ Ï❺Õ❭ß✕Đä❰❩Þ➱Ï✧â❡ß✄ß❭Ð✾â❷Ï✧❐❭Ð✾â✧Õ✦Ú✁â❡Ơ➀Ơ❙✃■Õ✎è❦❐✦ÏƯĐ ỉ ❐✄â❷×❦Ï✧❐❭Ð✾Ị❛Ð❁❐➝Ï➛❐äÛàÚ✦â❡Ï✠✃❇ØãĐÝÐ❁❐➴❒✾Ơ✠❐➝ï■â ỉ â✠Ơ✠â❡Ï➛Ù❣Õ✎×❶Û Ï✠✃❶Õ✎Ïìâ➀×❶Þ✐❰■Ơ➛Õ✎Ï➛â➀×❶á❣Õ❢á❛Õ➝â➀×❶Þ✐Ï✔Ð✱Đ❛Õ❢ÛàÏ✠Ð✱Õ➝❒✾❒✺â✠ß➴×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐àÕ✎×❶Û➏â➀×✪Þ✎ĐÝØð❐ãß⑧Õ✕Þå❐⑧Þ↔Õ➝â❡Ð❁ß➝Ð✱Õ➝❒✜Ïé×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐ãâ➛Þ✄Ơ✠â▼✂❛❐✕Ơ✠Ù➏ÏỵĐ➏ß⑧Õ❭❰❶Þå❐ Ø✮Đ❛Þ✐Ï✥Ị❛Ð✐Đ ỉ Ơ✠❐➝ØãÞí❒❁ĐÝÐ❾×❶Õ✎Ï✠❰❛Ð✱Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ùưè❛❐Ü×❛Ï➛â✠ƠỮ❭Ï➛❐äÛ ỉ ❰■â✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶á❛Þ ➮ ❅⑩â➛áÝ✃❮è❛❐Ü×❛Ï➛â✠ƠỮ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ×ưÐ✱Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Þ✍Ð❁❐äçù❰■â❡Ð❁❐⑧Û❣ÏỵĐ➝è■Đ❦â➛Û Þ➱❰úØ✍Ø➴❐✎Ð✥Đ⑧è❦❐✎Ð❆✃ù❐❢ÕåÏ✧â⑦×❩á➴â❷×✮ß❢Đ❢Ø↔Øí❐✎Ð✺ßÜâ✧Õ❭Ơ ỉ ❰■â✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶á❛Þ✄Õ❭Ð➱❐↔×❶ĐÝÏ☛ß⑧ĐÝØ➴Ị❶Õ❭ÏƯâ ỉ Ơ✧❐➴Ú⑩â➀Ï✠✃Ĩá❛Đ❛Đ❛Û❇Þ✎ĐÝ❰❛×❶Ûàâ➀×❶Þ✐❰■ƠỮ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ× ➮ ❅✍Đ❛Ú✦❐✕è❛❐➝Ð❇â➀Ï ✃❶Õ❢Þ ỉ ❐❢❐➝×◗Ø✝❐Ü×❛Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×■❐äÛ✸Ï✧✃❶Õ❭Ï↔ß❢❐➝Ð✺ÏỵÕ➝â➀×→ÞåÙ■Þ✐Ï➛❐ÜØ✮Þ➏ß⑧Õ❭×→á❦â✠è❛❐➢Þ✎ĐÝØ✝❐➢Þ✎ĐÝ❰❛×❶Û↕â➀×❶Þ✐❰■Ơ➛Õ✎Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×➓â➀× ßúĐù✡× €✺❰❛×■ß➝Ï➛âƯĐÝ×▲Ú⑩â➀Ï✠✃❣ØãĐ❛Û❦❐➝Ð✱Õ❭ÏƯ❐✮Õ➝â➀Ð⑩ß➝✃❶Õ✎×❶á❦❐➴Ð✱Õ❭Ï➛❐äÞð◗ÿ ☎■ý✺ò❛Õ ➮ ß ➮ ✃ ➮   ➮ ➽■❐❢ßäĐÝ×❶Û❛Õ❭Ð❁Ùđá❦Ơ➛Õ➝ë✕❐⑧Û❣ÞåÙ■Þ✐Ï➛❐➝ØãÞ↔ÕÜƠ✠Ơ➛Đ❦Ú⑩â➀×❶á Õ✄Þ✺Ï➛ÕÜá❛á❦❐➝Ð❁❐äÛ☞✸✎ó❛óàØ➴Ø ĐÝỊ■❐➝×đá❛Õ✎ỊđĐÝ×❣❐⑧Õ➝ßÜ✃❇Ị❶Õ❭×■❐↔✃❶ÕÜè❛❐ ỉ ❐❢❐➝×ĨÞ✐✃❶Đ❦Ú①×❇ÏỵĐ❇á❦â✠è❛❐ðÕ➴Þ✎ĐÝ❰❛×❶Ûàâ❡×❶Þ✐❰■Ơ➛Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×đĐ❦❒ ☎✕❘■Û❦➪✒➫✍ý✐øú➸⑩Û❦➪✒➫ Û❦❐➝Ị■❐➝×❶Û❦â❡×❶á❇ĐÝ×❇Ï✧✃■❐↔Ï➛Ù❦Ị■❐ðĐ❦❒♦×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐ ■❯✟✪❱ ➮❚❙ ➭✘❐⑧ß❢❐Ü×❛Ï↔Ú❾ĐÝÐ✞✂✣Õ❭Ï✄Ï✧✃■❐✪➪♦➭✒➯ ✟✆✟ ✃❶Õ❢Þ❇Ơ➛Đ❛Đ✙✂❛❐⑧ÛüÕ❭Ï✄Ï✧Ð❁â✠ß✡✂❛Ơ✠❐✪è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠Ơ➛Õ✎Ï✜ĐÝÐ✱Þ❣Õ❭×❶Û➢Ị❶Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✧è❛❐➆Þ✐Ï✜Õ➝ß✝✂üè❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠ƠỮ❭Ï✜ĐÝÐ✱Þ Õ❭Ị❛Ị■Ơ✧â✠ß⑧Õ ỉ Ơ✧❐ĨÏ✜Đ❽Û❛ĐÝØð❐⑧Þ✐Ï➛â✧ß ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶á❛Þ ➮ ➾❖Ð❁â✠ß✡✂❛Ơ✠❐Ĩè❛❐➝×❛Ï➛â✧Ơ➛Õ❭ÏỵĐÝÐ✱Þ✆Õ❭Ð➱❐❣✃❶Đ❦Ơ✧❐⑧Þ✆ĐÝÐ✝ÞåƠ➛ĐÝÏỵÞ ➮ ❅❾Đ❦Ơ✠❐⑧Þàá❦❐➝×■❐➝Ð✱ÕÜƠ✠Ơ✠Ù Ị❦Ð➱ĐÝèúâ✧ÛÝ❐ ỉ ❐❭Ï❡Ï✧❐❭Ð♦Õ Ï❡Ï✧❐❭×ú❰■ÕåÏ✧â✠Đ❢×✝Ï❡✃■Õå×✮❐❢çÝ❰ùâ➀èùÕ❭Ơ❡❐✎×❦Ï❺Þ✐Ơ✧ĐäÏƯÞ✁Õå×■Û↔Ï❡✃❛❐✍Õ✎ß✎Ï✠❰❶Õ➝Ơ❖Ï✠Ð✱Õ✎×❶Þ✐Ø✝â➛Þ✎ÞåâƯĐÝ×❇×❶Õ❭Ï✧❰❛Ð✱Õ➝Ơ✠Ơ✧Ù❣Û❦❐➝Ị■❐➝×❶Û❦❐äÛ Đ❦×✣Þåâ✧ë❢❐ ➳✜×➢á❦❐➝×■❐➝Ð✱ÕÜƠ✒Ï✧✃❶Đ❛Þå❐✮Ï➛❐äÞ✐Ï➛❐⑧Û❣Ị❛Ð✐Đ❦è❛â➛Û❦❐⑧Û❣×❶ĐĨÚ✄ĐÝÐ✱Þå❐❇Õ❭Ï✠ÏƯ❐➝×❛❰❶Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×✧✃❶Õ❭×❮ß❢ƠƯĐ❛Þå❐⑧ÛưÞåâ➀×❶á❦Ơ✧❐➏á❦ƠỮ➝ë❢â➀×❶á ỉ ❐ÝƠƯĐ❦Ú❲✿⑥➮ ø⑧ó❳❅✦ëĨÕ❭×❶Û ỉ ❐❢ƠƯĐ❦Úõø✴✸Üò❊❅✦ë➏Ú✦â❡Ï✠✃↕Þå❐✕ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Û❛Õ❭Ð❁Ù❽á❦ƠỮ➝ë❢â❡×❶á ➮ ➫✦ÏìÏ✠✃■❐❇✃■âƯáÝ✃■❐➝Ðí❒✜Ð❁❐⑧ç❦❰■❐➝×■ß❢â✠❐äÞ➴Ï✠✃■❐ Ị■❐✎Ð❁❒❁ĐÝÐ✺ØãÕ❭×■ß❢❐➴Ú❾Õ❢Þ①×❶Đ✮Ú✄ĐÝÐ✱Þå❐✍Ï✠✃❶Õ❭×ĨĐÝỊ■❐➝×■â➀×❶áãÏ✧✃■❐➴Ú⑩â➀×❶Û❛Đ❦Ú❾Þ ➮ ➚✉Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✠è❛❐ðÞ✐Ï✜Õ➝✡ß ✂❇è❛❐➝×❛Ï➛â✧Ơ➛Õ❭ÏỵĐÝÐ✱Þ①Ị■❐➝Ð➱❒❁ĐÝÐ✺Ø✝❐äÛ Þ✐â❷Øíâ❡Ơ✧Õ Ð✾Ơ❡Ù➴Ï➀✃❩Đä❰❩áä✃ ỉ ❐✎Ï❡Ï✧❐❭Ð✥ÕåÏ❡Ï✧❐❭×ú❰■ÕåÏ✠â✧Đ❢×❇Ú❾ĐÝ❰■Ơ➛Û ỉ ❐✍Ị❛Ð✱Đ❦è❛â➛Û❦❐äÛ❇Õ❢á❛Õ➝â❡×❶Þ✐Ï✶Ï✧Ð✱Õ➝❒✺❒✺â✧ß↔×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐↔Ï✠✃❶Õ✎×đÕ➝â➀Ð➱ß➝Ð✱Õ➝❒❆Ï✳×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐ ỉ ❐Üß✕Õ ❰❩Þ✐❐✍Đ⑧❒✶Ï❡✃❛❐✄ß✎✃■Õå×■á⑧❐✄â❷×✆Õ ×❩áÝƠ❡❐✍ĐÝ❒✒â❡×■ß❢â➛Û❦❐➝×■ß✕❐✝Đ❦❒♦Ï✧✃■❐↔×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐ ➮ ➾❖✃■❐↔Ï➛Ù❦Ị■❐ðĐ❦❒✁ÛÝ❰■ß➝Ï☛Ú❾Õ❢Þ✦â➀ØíỊ❶ĐÝÐ✺Ï✜Õ✎×❛Ï✔â❡× Ï➛✃❶❐↕Ị■❐➝Ð❁❒❁ĐÝÐ✾Ø✮Õ❭×■ß❢❐üÕ ỉ Đ❦è❛❐❨✿⑥ø⑧ó❩❅⑩ë ➮ ➭✘Õ✎Ï✠✃■❐➝Ð❣â➀×❛ÏƯ❐➝Ð❁❐⑧Þ✐ÏƯâ➀×❶á❦Ơ✠ÙrÕ❽ƠỮ❭Ð✱á❦❐➝Ð❨✸Üò❛òÝØ➴Ø ÛÝ❰■ß➝Ï✮á❛Õ➝è❛❐ ỉ ❐➝Ï✧Ï➛❐➝Ð ÕåÏ➀Ï✧❐✎×❦❰❩Õ Ï✧â✧Đä×✝Ï❡✃■Õå×✆❬ Õ ✸✱ó❦óÝØ✍Ø Ûä❰❛ß✎Ï ➮ ➾✰✃ù❐✦×■ÕåÏ❡❰❦Ð✾❐✍ĐÝ❒✶Ï✧✃■❐↔ÏƯ❐➝Ð✺Ø✝â❡×❶Õ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ×đÕ❭×❶ÛãÏỨ❦Ị■❐✝Đ❦❒ìÛÝ❰■ß➝Ï✒ÕÜ❒✺❒✺❐❢ß➝ÏƯ❐⑧Û ỉ ĐÝÏ✧✃ Ï➛✃❶❐àÕ➝ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ß➴Ị■❐➝Ð➱❒❁ĐÝÐ✺Ø✮Õ✎×■ß❢❐✮Õ❭×❶Û❇è❛❐➝×❛Ï➛â✧Ơ➛Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×❣Ð✱Õ❭ÏƯ❐✮á❦❐➝×■❐➝Ð✱ÕÜƠ✠Ơ✠Ù❣â❡×✪ĐÝỊ❛Ị❶Đ❛Þåâ❡Ï➛❐✮Û❦â❡Ð❁❐❢ß➝ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×❶Þ ➮ ➫⑩Ï✠Ï➛❐Ü×❛❰❶Õ❭Ï✜ĐÝÐ✱Þ ØðÕ❭Ù ỉ ❐✦×❛❐ÜßÜ❐❢Þ✱ÞåÕåÐ✺Ù ỉ ❰❦Ï✰Ï✧✃■❐❢Ù❇ß⑧Õ✎× ỉ ❐❢ß⑧ĐÝØð❐➴è❛❐➝Ð❁Ù✆Ơ➛Õ❭Ð✱á❦❐íâ➀×❣ßäĐÝØ➴Ø✝❐ÜÐ❁ß❢â➛ÕÜƠ ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á❛Þ ➮ ➽❴Đ❦ƠỮ❭Ð✁ßÜ✃■â➀Ø➴×■❐✕Ù■Þ ✃■Õ✎è❦❐ Þ✐â➀Øðâ✠ƠỮ❭Ð✘Ị❛Ð✱Đ ỉ Ơ✧❐➝Ø✮Þ❾Õ❢Þ①Ï✠✃■❐✕Ù❣Õ❭Ð❁❐ðÛ❦❐⑧Þåâ➛áÝ×■❐⑧Û✝Ï✜ĐãØãĐ❦è❛❐↔Ï✠✃■❐ðÕ➝â➀Ð①çù❰■â✧✝ß ✂❛❐➝Ð✎û❴Ï✧✃■❐➝Ð❁❐ ỉ Ù✮✃■❐❢Ơ➀Ị■â❡×❶áãÐ❁❐⑧ÛÝ❰■ß❢❐ Đ❦è❛❐➝Ð✺✃■❐äÕ❭Ï➛â❡×❶á ➯☛Þ✎Þå❐➝×❛Ï➛âỮ➝Ơ✠Ơ✧Ù➆➮ Õ➴Ị❶Õ❭Ð✺Ï✘á❦Ơ➛Õ➝ë❢❐äÛ❣è❛❐➝Ð✺Ï➛â✧ß⑧Õ➝Ơ♦ÛÝ❰■ß➝Ï✥❐➝ï❛Ị❶Đ❛Þå❐äÛ❇Ï✜Đ❇Ï✠✃■❐àÞ✐❰❛×❙û✰Ï✧✃■❐✆Õ➝â❡Ð❾â➛Þ✍Ú❾Õ❭Ð✺Øð❐⑧ÛđÕ❭×❶Û❇Ï✠✃■❐àÞ✐Ï✜Õ➝ß✝✂ ❐⑧❒❁❒✐❐✕ß➝Ï✦â❡×■ß➝Ð❁❐⑧Õ❢Þå❐äÛ ➮ ➾❺✃■❐❢Ù❽Õ❭Ð❁❐❇×❶ĐÝÏ⑩ß⑧ĐÝØíØ✮ĐÝ×❽â➀×➆Ï✠✃■❐❣➼⑩÷ ỉ ❰❛Ï❾Õ❣Þ✐Ï✠❰❶Û❦Ù➆ß❢❐➝×❛Ï✠Ð➱❐Ĩ❒➱ĐÝÐ↔Ï✧✃■❐đ➻é❐Ü×❛Ï✠Ð❁❐❣❒❁ĐÝÐ ➫⑩Ơ⑦Ï✧❐✎Ð❆×❩Õ Ï✧â❡è❦❐❾➾❖❐➝ß✎✃❦×❩ĐÝƠ✧Đ❦á⑧Ù⑥û■➹✪Õ✎ß❭✃ùÙÝ×ùƠ➀Ơ❡❐✎Ï❡✃❴û■➵✸Õ✎Ơ❡❐❢Þ✸✟❭✠ û⑥Ị❛Ð✐ĐÝỊ❶Đ❛Þå❐⑧Þ①Ï✜Đ✝❰❶Þå❐↔Ï✠✃■❐ÜØ ÏỵĐãỊ❛Ð✱Đ❦è❛â➛Û❦❐ðÞ✐❰❛Ø➴Øð❐➝Ð✘ÏƯâ➀Ø✝❐ è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠Ơ➛Õ✎Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×đ❒❁ĐÝÐ ỉ ❐⑧ÛÝÐ✱Đ❛ĐÝØãÞ ƠƯĐ❦ß⑧Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Û ỉ ❐➝✃■â➀×❶Û❣Õ✝á❦Ơ➛ÕÜë❢❐⑧Û ỉ ❰■❒✺❒✺❐➝Ð❾Þ✐Ị❶ÕÜß❢❐ ➮ ➷✁❰■ß➝Ï✥Õ✎Ð❁❐⑧Õ❢Þ✄Õ✎Ð❁❐➴ƠỮ❭Ð✱á❦❐ ỉ ❰❛Ï☛â➀× Ï❡✃❛â✧Þ✘ß✕Õ➝Þ❁❐✦Ï❡✃❛❐✦ỊúÐ❁Đ ỉ Ơ❡❐❭Ø â✧Þ♦Ị■ĐäÏ✧❐✎×❦Ï✧â✧Õ❭Ơ❡Ơ❡Ù✝ß✎Ð❁ĐúÞåÞåý✠ÏỮ❭Ơ✪✂✮Õå×■Û➴ß✕Õ ×✮❐✕ÕÜÞ✐â❡Ơ❡Ù ỉ ❐✍Þ✱ĐÝƠ❡è❦❐✕Û ỉ Ù➏Û❦❐⑧Þåâ➛áÝ×■â❡×❶á❇Õ➴Þå❐➝Ị❶Õ✎Ð✱Õ❭Ï➛❐ ß✎✃❛â❷Ø✍×❛❐ÜÙ✝❒✺Đ❢Ð✒❐❢Õ✎ß✎✃ ỉ ❐✕ÛäÐ➱Đ❦ĐäØ ➮ ➳ỵ×✆Đ❢Ï➀✃ù❐➝Ð✁ßäÕ❢Þå❐⑧Þ✦Ú✁✃■❐➝Ð❁❐ðÕ↔ß➝✃■â❡Ø➴×■❐❢Ù▲û✉Þ✎Đ❦ƠỮ❭Ð✁Ú❾Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✔ĐÝÐ①Û❛ĐÝ❰ ỉ Ơ✠❐✝✁Þ ✂❛â❡×❇Ï➛Ù❦Ị■❐ ÞåÙ■Þ✐Ï➛❐ÜØ ØãÕ➝Ùà✃❶Õ➝è❛❐✍Ï✜Đ❇Þå❐➝Ð➱è❛❐✝Þå❐❢è❛❐➝Ð✐Õ➝Ơ✶è❛❐ÜÐ✺Ï➛â✧ß⑧Õ➝Ơ✠Ơ✧Ù❣Õ❭Ð✺Ð✐Õ❭×❶á❦❐⑧Û❇Þ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß✕❐⑧Þ①Ï✠✃■❐ðÞ✎Đ❦Ơ➀❰❛ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×❣âƯÞ①×❶ĐÝÏ✒Þ✎Đ✆Þåâ➀Ø➴Ị■Ơ✧❐ ➮ ➵✪✃❛â❡Ơ❡❐ Ï✧✃■❐✝Þ✐ÏỵÕ➝✝ß ✂■ý❆è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠ƠỮ❭Ï✜ĐÝÐ①ĐÝÐ⑩Þ✎Đ❦Ơ➛Õ✎Ð✁ß➝✃■â❡Ø➴×■❐❢Ù❇â❡Ï✜Þå❐❢Ơ✧❒♦ØãÕ➝Ù❇ß⑧Õ❭❰❶Þå❐✍Ị❛Ð✱Đ ỉ Ơ✠❐ÜØ✮Þ①Ï✧✃■❐✝Õ➝â❡Ð✁â➀×■Ơ✧❐➝Ï✳×■❐❢❐⑧Û❛Þ①ÏỵĐ ỉ ❐❾ß❢Đ❢×■Þ✐â✧Û⑧❐❭Ð✾❐❢Û ➮ ➾✰✃ù❐✦Ị❦Ð➱ĐäỊ❩Đ❦Þ✐❐✕Û➴➯✰×❛❐✎Ð➱áÝÙ✝❒✾Õ❭ß✎❰❛Ơ❷Ï✧Ù❇➪✔❰■â✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶á❇Õ❭Ï☛➶✳❐❢â✠ß❢❐äÞ✐Ï➛❐➝Ðì➚✰Đ❦Ơ✧Ù❦Ï➛❐❢ßÜ✃❛×■â✠ß ✟✪☛ ❰❶Þå❐äÞ①Ị❶Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✠è❛❐ Þ✐Ï✜ÕÜß✝✂➏è❛❐Ü×❛Ï➛â✠ƠỮ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❣ß➝✃■â❡Ø➴×■❐❢Ù■Þ①ÏỵĐàè❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠Ơ➛Õ✎Ï➛❐✝Õ✍Ơ✠❐❢ßÜÏ✠❰❛Ð❁❐✍Ï✠✃■❐⑧Õ❭Ï✧Ð❁❐❦û❴Ï✧✃■❐✝Õ➝â❡Ð ỉ ❐❢â❡×❶á❇ÛÝÐ✱Õ➝Ú✁×❇Ï✠✃❛Ð✐ĐÝ❰❶áÝ✃đáÝÐ❁â✠Ơ✧Ơ✠❐⑧Þ ❰❦×❩ÛÝ❐✎Ð✔Ï❡✃❛❐✍Þ❁❐❢ÕåÏƯÞ✘❒ỵÐ➱ĐÝØ Ï✠✃■❐✝ĐÝ❰❛ÏỵÞåâ➛Û❦❐íè❛â➛Õ Ï✧✃■❐↔Ị■Ơ✧❐➝×❛❰❛Ø✚ßÜÐ❁❐⑧Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Û ỉ ÙàÏ✧✃■❐ ỉ ❰■â✠ƠỬ❦❐➝Ð✱Þ✦Ú❾ĐÝ✞Ð ✂ ➮ ➾❖✃■❐↔Ị❛Ð✐Đ ỉ Ơ✠❐➝Ø â✧Þ✁Đ ỉ Ï➛Õ✎â❷×❛â❷×■á✝Þ✺❰❛❒✜❒❆â❡ßÜâ❡❐❭×úÏ✳ÞåĐ❢❰❦×❩Û✝Õ Ï❡Ï✧❐❭×ú❰■ÕåÏ✧â✠Đ❢×✮Ú✁â❷Ï➀✃✝Øíâ❷×❛â❷ØðÕ✎Ơ✰❒✜Ơ✠Đ⑧Ú➞Ð✾❐✕Þ✐â✧Þ➱ÏỮå×❛ßÜ❐ ➮ ➾❺Ð✱ÕÜ❒✺❒✺â✠ß✍×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐íâ➛Þ✄Õ❭Ð✐ĐÝ❰❛×❶Û ❘❦ó✮Û⑧➪✔➫❯â❷×✝Ï❡✃❛❐✍Þ✺Ï❡Ð✺❐❢❐ÜÏ✒ĐÝ❰❛ÏỵÞåâ➛Û❦❐✝Õ✎×❶Ûàè❛❐➝Ð❁Ù❇ƠỮ❭Ð✱á❦❐ðÕ❭Ï✠ÏƯ❐➝×❛❰❶Õ❭Ï✜ĐÝÐ✐Þ①✃❶Õ➝è❛❐ ỉ ❐✕❐➝×❇Ị❛Ð✱Đ❦è❛âỬ❦❐⑧Û ➮ ➳❆×đÕ✕Û❛Û❦â➀Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❇Ï✠✃■❐ ß➝✃■â❡Ø➴×■❐❢Ù■Þ①✃❶ÕÜè❛❐ ỉ ❐❢❐➝×➏Ơ✠â➀×■❐äÛàÚ✦â❡Ï✠✃đÕÜß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐Ï➛â✧ß✝Õ ỉ Þ✎ĐÝÐ ỉ ❐ÜÐ 31 ➫❾➾✶➭✒➳✺➫ ➫✁×■ĐäÏ❡✃ù❐❭Ð✒ß✕Đä×ùß➝❐ÜÐ✺×❣â➀×✆Ị❶Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✠è❛❐ðÞ✎Đ❦Ơ➛Õ❭Ð①Û❦❐⑧Þåâ➛áÝ×❣âƯÞ✄Õ❭Ï✧Ð❁â➛Õ ➮ ➫✦Ï✠Ð❁âỮ ✃❶Õ➝è❛❐✍Ï✠✃■❐✍Ị❶ĐÝÏ➛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ➛Õ➝Ơ✳❒❁ĐÝÐ✁â❡Ø➴Ị❛Ð✱Đ❦è❛â❡×❶áãÏ✠✃■❐ ❐✎×❛❐✎Ð❁á⑧Ù✝❐➝❒✜❒❆â❡ßÜâ❡❐❭×ùß➝Ù✮Đ⑧❒✒Õ ỉ ❰ùâ✠ƠỬ❦â➀×❶áàâ✧❒♦❰❛×❛✃■❐⑧Õ❭ÏƯ❐⑧Û❇ĐÝÐ✥Ø✝â➀×■â❡Ø✮Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ùà✃■❐äÕ❭Ï➛❐⑧Û ➮ ➹➆Đ❛Þ✐Ï➛Ơ✠Ù➏Û❦❐⑧Þåâ➛áÝ×■❐⑧Û✮Ú✦â❡Ï✠✃❇✃❶Õ❭Ð✐Û ❒✜â⑦×ùâ✧Þ➱✃❛❐✕Þ♦Ï❡✃❛❐✦Ð✾❐Üè❦❐➝Ð ỉ ❐ÜÐ✱Õ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❇Ï➛â❡Ø✝❐⑧Þ❾Õ❭Ð❁❐✝Đ❦❒✜Ï➛❐➝×❇✃■âƯáÝ✃đÕ❭×❶Û❇Þ✎ĐÝØð❐➝Ï➛â❡Ø✝❐⑧Þ ỉ Đ❛Õ❢Þ✐Ï➛❐⑧Û✆Õ ỉ ĐÝ❰❛Ï ➮ ➾❖✃■❐↔Ị❛Ð✐Đ ỉ Ơ✠❐➝ØãÞ ÕåÐ✺â✧Þ✐â❷×❩á➴Ú✁â➀Ơ❡Ơ➑ÛÝ❐✎Ị❛❐✎×■Û✝Đä×✝❰❩Þ✐❐ðĐ❦❒♦Ï✠✃■❐ðÞ✐❰❛Ð✺Ð✱ĐÝ❰❛×❶Û❦â❡×❶á❇Þ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß❢❐⑧Þ➝û❴Ï✧✃■❐↔❰❶Þå❐ðĐ❦❒♦Ï✠✃■❐ðÕ❭Ï✠Ð➱â➛Õ➴Õ✎×❶ÛãÏ✠✃■❐ðÞåâ✠ë❢❐ðĐ❦❒♦Ï✠✃■❐ ÕåÏ➀Ð✾â✧Õ ➮ ➷✁❐❢Þ✺Ị❛â❷Ï✧❐✍Õ✦Ơ✧Đä×❩á↔Ð✺❐Üè❦❐✎Ð ỉ ❐✎Ð❁ÕåÏ✧â✠Đ❢×✝Ï✧â⑦Øí❐✦Ï❡✃ù❐✦Ð✺❐Üè❦❐✎Ð ỉ ❐✎Ð❁Õå×❦Ï❺ÞåĐä❰ú×■Û➴Ơ❡❐Üè❦❐ÜƠ✰â➀×➏Ơ➛Õ❭Ð✱á❦❐ðÞ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß❢❐⑧Þ⑩â➛Þ✦ƠƯĐ❦Ú✌Õ✎×❶Û â➀Ï✒â➛Þ✄Ơ✧â▼✂❛❐❢Ơ✧Ù➏ÏỵĐ ỉ ❐↔Ï✠✃■❐ðÞ✐Ø✮Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠❐➝Ð①Õ❭Ï✠Ð➱â➛Õ↔Ú✁✃■❐➝Ð❁❐✍Ị❛Ð✱Đ ỉ Ơ✠❐ÜØ✮Þ✦ß⑧ĐÝ❰■ƠỬ❇Õ❭Ð❁âƯÞå❐ ➮ ➳❆×ĨÞ✎ĐÝØ✝❐➴ßäÕ❢Þå❐⑧Þ①Ï✧✃■❐✝Õ➝ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ß⑧Þ ĐÝ❒éÞ✐Ø✮Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✔Õ❭Ï✧Ð❁â➛ÕíÞ✐❰■ß➝✃đÕ❢Þ✁Ï✠✃■❐✝➻✒Õ❭Ø ỉ Ð❁â➛Û❛á❦❐ð➻✒ĐÝ×❶Þ✐❰■Ơ➀Ï✜Õ✎×❛Ï✜Þ ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á✮â➀×đ➻✒Õ❭Ø ỉ Ð❁â➛Û❛á❦❐✮➽⑥ß✕â✠❐➝×■ß❢❐í➚✉Õ❭✞Ð ✂à✃❶Õ➝è❛❐ ỉ ❐➝×■❐❢❒✾â➀Ï➛❐äÛà❒❆Ð✱ĐÝØ Õ➝ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ß↔Ï✧Ð❁❐⑧Õ❭Ï✧Ø✝❐➝×❛ÏéĐ❦❒♦Ï✧✃■❐✝Þ✐❰❛Ð❁❒➱Õ➝ß❢❐ ➮ ➳➛×✆Õ①Ð✺❐ÜßÜ❐❭×úÏ❖➳➛×❦Ï✧❐❭Ð✜×■ÕåÏ✧â➛ĐÝ×❶Õ➝Ơ✳➯❖×■❐➝Ð✱á❦Ù❇➫✍á❦❐Ü×■ß❢Ù❇➾☛Õ❢Þ✁✂❣➬✘Ð✱ĐÝ❰❛Ị❫❪⑩➳♦Ð❁❐➝Ị❶ĐÝÐ✾Ï✒ĐÝ×❣➚✉Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✧è❛❐à➽❶Đ❦Ơ➛Õ✎Ð⑩Õ❭×❶Û❬❅⑩Ù ỉ Ð❁âỬ ➻✒ĐÝØ➴Øð❐➝Ð❁ß❢âỮ➝Ơé➪✔❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á❛Þ➝û ✟ ✬ Ï✠✃❛Ð➱❐❢❐✝Þ✎Đ❦ß❢âỮ➝Ơ☛Þ✐❰❛Ð❁è❛❐❢Ù■Þ✄á❦â✧è❛❐✝Õ❭×❣â❡×❶Þåâ➛áÝ✃❛Ï☛â➀×❛ÏỵĐãÏ✠✃■❐ðĐ❦ß❢ß➝❰❛Ị❶Õ❭×❛ÏỵÞ➝êÝÐ❁❐äÕ➝ß➝Ï➛âƯĐÝ×❇Ï✜Đ ×■Đ⑧â✧Þ✐❐✄â❷×✆ÕåÏ➀Ð✾â✧Õ ➮ ➾✰✃❛❐✕Þ✐❐✄Ú⑩❐➝Ð❁❐í❐❢â➀Ï✧✃■❐➝Ð✘Ð➱❐➝Ï✠Ð✱Đ❦❒✾â➀ÏéÕ❭Ï✠Ð❁âỮ➴ĐÝÐì❐➝ï❛Ï➛❐➝×❶ÞåâƯĐÝ×❶Þ①Ï✜Đ✮❐➝ï■â➛Þ✐ÏƯâ➀×❶á ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á❛Þ❾Õ❭×❶Ûàâ➀×✆Ï➛Ú❾Đ ßúÕ⑧Þå❐⑧Þ ỉ ❐❢❒❁ĐÝÐ❁❐ĨÕ❭×❶Û➆Õ➝❒✜Ï➛❐➝Ð➴Þ✐Ï✠❰❶Û❦â✠❐äÞ✝ß⑧ĐÝ❰■Ơ➛Û ỉ ❐đÛ❛ĐÝ×■❐ ➮ ➾❖✃■❐❣❒✾â➀Ð✱Þ✐Ï✦Û❦❐⑧Õ➝Ơ❡Ï⑩Ú⑩â➀Ï✧✃❽Ú✄Õ✕Þ➴Ï✠✃❶Õ❭Ï✦Đ❦❒✄Ï✧✃■❐❣➾✳❐⑧áÝ❰❛Ï ➻✔Đ❢Ø↔Ị❩Õ ×ùÙ⑥û■➺⑥❰ùƠ✠ÛúÕäû❶➬✘❐✎Ð❆ØðÕå×❛Ù ➮ ➫✍Û❛Û❦â➀ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×❶Õ➝Ơ☛Đ❦❒✺❒✺â✧ß❢❐✝Þ✐Ị❶ÕÜß❢❐➴Ú❾Õ❢Þ✦ß➝Ð➱❐⑧Õ❭Ï➛❐äÛ❇Õ❭×❶ÛãÏ✧✃■❐➝×đá❦Ơ➛ÕÜë❢❐⑧Û❇Đ❦è❛❐➝Ð ➮ ➾❺✃■❐ áÝƠ✧Õ✎ë➝❐✕Û✝ÕåÐ✺❐✕Õ✦Ú⑩ÕÜÞ♦✃❛❐✕Õ❭èúâ➀Ơ❡Ù➴ỊùƠ✠Õå×❦Ï✧❐✕Û ➵➢â❷Ï❡✃✆ĐÝ❒✜❒❆â❡ßÜ❐✄Ú⑩Đä❴Ð ✂❦❐✎Ð➱Þ♦Ø✝Đ⑧è❦â❷×■á➴❒➛Ð➱ĐäØ✌Ï✧✃■❐✝Õ➝â❡Ð✱ý❆ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Û❦â❡Ï➛âƯĐÝ×■❐⑧Û❇Þ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß❢❐äÞ ÏƯĐ↔Ï❡✃❛❐✍ÕåÏ❡Ð✺â❷❰❦Ø Ị❶ÕÜè❛â✠Ơ✠âƯĐÝ×❶Þ①Ï✠✃■❐ÜÐ❁❐➴Ú❾Õ❢➮ Þ✄ÕíÞåƠ✠â➛áÝ✃❛Ï✳Ð❁❐⑧ÛÝ❰■ßÜÏ➛â➛ĐÝ×➏â➀×❇Ï✧✃■❐↔Ị■❐➝Ð❁ß✕❐❢â✠è❛❐⑧Û✝×❶Đ❦â➛Þåâ➀×■❐äÞ✎Þ✄Õ➝Ơ➀Ï✧✃❶ĐÝ❰❶áÝ✃❇Ï✠✃■❐✕Ù Ð✾❐❭ØðÕ✎â⑦×ù❐❢Û✝Đ❢×✝Ï❡✃❛❐✄×❶Đ❦â➛ÞåÙ❣ÞåâỬ❦❐✝Đ❦❒✒×■❐➝❰❛Ï✠Ð✱ÕÜƠ ➮ ➾❖✃■❐✝Õ➝â❡Ð✱ý❆ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Û❦â❡Ï➛âƯĐÝ×■â➀×❶áàâ❡×❇Ï✠✃■❐ðĐÝÐ❁â➛á❦â❡×❶Õ➝Ơ✔Đ❦❒✾❒✺â✠ß❢❐äÞ①✃❶Õ❢Û ỉ ❐❢❐Ü× ß⑧Õ❭❰❶Þåâ❡×❶áã×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐✍Ị❛Ð✱Đ ỉ Ơ✠❐ÜØ✮Þ ➮ ➳✺×✗Õ✎×❶ĐÝÏ✠✃■❐➝ÐĨÛ❦❐❢è❛❐❢ƠƯĐÝỊ❛Ø✝❐➝×❛ÏãÕ✎ÏíÏ✠✃■❐❽➘✄ĐÝÐ➱Ú✦❐⑧á❦âỮ❭×➞➳❆×❶Þ✐Ï➛â❡Ï✠❰❛Ï➛❐↕Đ❦❒✆➾✳❐❢ß➝✃❛×❶Đ❦Ơ➛Đ❛á❦Ù❴ûìÏ✠✃■❐❽❐➝ï❛ÏƯ❐➝×❶Þåâ➛ĐÝ× Ï✜ĐüÏ✠✃■❐ ➷⑩❐➝Ị❶Õ❭Ð✺Ï✧Ø✝❐➝×❛ÏüĐ❦❒ü➯✳Ơ✠❐❢ß➝Ï✧Ð❁â✠ßäÕ➝Ơ✪➯❺×❶á❦â❡×■❐❢❐➝Ð❁â❡×❶á Õ✎×❶Û ➻✒ĐÝØ➴Ị❛❰❛ÏƯ❐➝Ðr➽■ß❢â✠❐➝×■ß✕❐❦û❣Þå❐❢è❛❐ÜÐ✱Õ➝Ơ▲×■❐❢Ú Đ❦❒✾❒✺â✠ß❢❐ Õ❭×❶Û Ơ✧Õ ỉ ĐäÐ➱Õ ÏƯĐ❢Ð✺Ù ỉ ❰❛â❡Ơ✧ÛÝâ❷×■áúÞ✘Ú✁❐❭Ð✾❐✍Ơ✠â➀✓× ✂❛❐äÛãÏ✜Đà❐äÕ➝ß➝✃đĐÝÏ✧✃■❐➝Ð⑩Õ❭×❶Û✮❐➝ï■â➛Þ✐ÏƯâ➀×❶á ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á❛Þ ỉ Ù❣á❦Ơ➛Õ➝ë✕❐⑧Û❇Þ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß❢❐äÞ ➮ ➾❺✃■❐ ĐÝßÜß✎❰❦Ị■Õå×❦ÏƯÞ✘❒✾Đä❰ú×■Û↔Ï❡✃❛❐ ỉ ❰❛â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á✆ÞåƠ✠â➛áÝ✃❛ÏƯƠ✠Ùà×❶Đ❦âƯÞåÙ ỉ ❰❛ÏéÕ↔ß⑧ĐÝ×■ß❢Ơ❡❰❶Û❦â➀×❶áãÐ➱❐➝Ø✮Õ❭Ð❵✂❇Ú✄Õ✕Þ↔ê ×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐➴Ơ✠❐✕è❛❐❢Ơ➛Þ✦â❡×❇Ï✠✃■❐ ÕåÏ➀Ð✾â✧Õ✄Õå×■Û↔×■Đ⑧â✧Þ✐❐✍Û⑧â✠Þ✺Ï❡❰❦Ð ỉ Õå×❛ßÜ❐✄❒ỵÐ➱ĐäØ Ï❡✃❛❐✍ÕåÏ❡Ð✺â✧Õ✦Ï✜Đ❇Đ❦❒✾❒✺â✠ß❢❐ðÞ✐Ị❶Õ➝ß❢❐⑧Þ❾Õ➝Ơ➛Þ✎Đ❇á❛ÕÜè❛❐↔Ð❁âƯÞå❐↔Ï✜Đ✆Þ✎ĐÝØ✝❐➴ßäĐÝØ➴Ị■Ơ➛ÕÜâ➀×❛Ï✜Þ ê ➾✰✃❛â✧Þ✁ÕåỊ❦Ị❩Õ Ð✾❐❭×úÏ✧Ơ➀Ù✮Õ✎Ð✱Đ❛Þå❐ ỉ ❐❢ßäÕ❭❰❶Þå❐✝áÝÐ✱ĐÝ❰❛Ị❶Þ❾Đ❦❒✁Þ✐Ï✠❰❶Û❦❐Ü×❛Ï✜Þ✦ß⑧ĐÝ×❶áÝÐ➱❐⑧á❛Õ❭Ï➛❐íâ➀×❇Ï✧✃■❐✝Õ❭Ï✧Ð❁â➛Õ✄Ï✜Đ❇ÛÝÐ➱â➀✓× ✂❇ß⑧Đ❦❒✾❒✺❐❢❐✝Õ✎×❶Û ➮ Ø✮★Õ ✂❛❐➴ß⑧ĐÝ×■è❛❐➝Ð✐Þ✎Õ❭Ï➛âƯĐÝ× ➮ ➺❙â➀×❶Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ù▲Õ✝Û❦❐✕è❛❐❢Ơ➛ĐÝỊ❛Øð❐➝×❛Ï✔â❡×❣➵üÕ❢Þ✎Õí➻✔â➀Ï➛Ù❴û✉➬⑩Õ❭❰■Ơ✧❐❦û❖➽■Ú✦❐⑧Û❦❐Ü×❙û❙â➀×■è■Đ❦Ơ✠è❛❐äÛ❇á❦Ơ➛Õ➝ë✕â➀×❶á❇Đ❦è❛❐➝Ð①Õ❭×đÕ❭Ð➱❐⑧Õ↔Ơ✧â➀✓× ✂❛â➀×❶á Û❦Ú⑩❐❢Ơ✠Ơ✧â➀×❶á❛Þ➝û✥Þ✐✃❶ĐÝỊ❶ÞãÕ✎×❶Û❮Đ❦❒✺❒✺â✧ß❢❐⑧Þ ➾❺✃■❐❣Þ✎Đ❦ß❢âỮ➝Ơ✁Þ✐❰❛Ð❁è❛❐❢Ù❮Ú❾Õ❢Þ✝Û❦❐⑧Þåâ➛áÝ×■❐⑧Û▲❒❁ĐÝÐ✄Ï✠✃■❐àÐ❁❐⑧Þåâ➛Û❦❐Ü×❛Ï✜Þ➝û❺ØãÕ❭×■Ù➢Đ❦❒ Ú✘✃■Đ❢Ø✌✃❩Õ➝Û➴Ơ❡â❡è❦❐✕Û➴â❷×✝Ï➀✃ù❐✍ÛÝÚ✁❐ÜƠ❡Ơ❡â⑦×❩➮ á❦Þ ỉ ❐✕❒❁ĐÝÐ❁❐↔Ð➱❐➝Ï✠Ð✱Đ❦❒✾â➀Ï ➮ ➾❺Ð✱ÕÜ❒✺❒✺â✠ß✍×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐íâ➀×❇Ï✧✃■❐✝Õ❭Ð❁❐äÕ↔Ú❾Õ❢Þ✦è❛❐➝Ð❁Ù✮✃■â➛áÝ✃ ỉ ❰❛Ï Ï➛✃❶❐❽Ð❁❐ÜỊ❶ĐÝÐ✺Ïíß⑧ĐÝØ➴Øð❐➝×❛Ï✜✝Þ ❛✄ê ➭✥Đ❛ĐÝØãÞ ỉ Õ❢Û❦Ơ✧Ù→Õ➝❒✺❒✾❐❢ß➝Ï➛❐äÛ ỉ Ù◗×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐➢Ơ✧â✠❐✪Ï✜Đ✸Ï✠✃■❐❽Þ✎Õ❭Ø✝❐➆❐➝ï❛Ï➛❐Ü×❛Ï➴❒➱Õ➝ß❢â➀×❶á✸Ï✠✃■❐ ß✕Đä❰❦Ð✜Ï✧Ù❛ÕåÐ❁Û✆Õ❢Þ✦❒❁Õ➝ß✕â➀×❶áãÏ✧✃■❐✝Þ✐Ï✠Ð➱❐❢❐➝Ï ➷①❰❛Ð❁â❡×❶áãÏ✠✃■❐ðÞ✐❰❛Ø➴Øð❐➝Ð✘Ï✧✃■❐➴è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠Ơ➛Õ✎Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×ĨÞ✐✃❛❰❛Ï✠Ï➛❐ÜÐ✱Þ✦â➀×✆Ï✠✃■❐↔Ð✐Đ❛Đ❦❒✘ß⑧Õ❭❰❶Þå❐ ×■Đ⑧â✧Þ✐❐ ➮ ➳➛×✮Ú✁â⑦×úÏ➛❐➝Ð û✉Þ✐×❶Đ❦Ú✌ĐÝ×✆Ï✠✃■❐↔➮ Ð✐Đ❛Đ❦❒♦Ø✮Õ★✂❛❐⑧Þ①×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐ðÕ❢Þ✦â❡Ï✒ÞåƠ✧â➛Û❦❐⑧Þ✄Û❛Đ❦Ú✁×❇Ï✧✃■❐✝á❦Ơ➛Õ✕Þ✎Þ✦â➀×đáÝÐ➱❐⑧Õ❭Ï☛ß➝✃❛❰❛×✓✂■Þ ➮ ➫⑩Ơ✠Þ✱Đ↔Ï❡✃❛❐✄Ú⑩ĐúĐ❦ÛÝ❐✎×✆Ûä❰ù✮ß ✂ ỉ ĐúÕ Ð➱Û❦Þ✘â❷×✝Ï❡✃❛❐✍Đ❢Ị❛❐✎×✆Þ➱Ị❩Õ➝ß❢❐⑧Þ✦â❡×❇Ï✠✃■❐ðÕ❭Ï✠Ð➱â➀❰❛Ø➉Ú✦❐➝Ð➱❐↔Ø✝❐Ü×❛Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×■❐äÛ❇Õ❢Þ✄ÕíÞ✎ĐÝ❰❛Ð❁ß❢❐✝Đ❦❒ ×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐ ➮ ➘✄Đ❦âƯÞå❐➴âƯÞ✦â➀×❛ÏƯ❐➝×❶Þåâ✠❒✺â✧❐⑧Ûàâ❡×❇Ï✠✃■❐ðÕ❭Ï✠Ð❁â❡❰❛Ø❇ê ➮ ➵✪✃❛â❡Ơ❡❐✄â❷Ï❖Ú⑩Đä❰ùƠ✧Û ỉ ❐✄❰❛×■Ú✦âƯÞå❐↔ÏỵĐ❇ÛÝÐ✱Õ➝Ú Õ❭×■Ù❣á❦❐Ü×■❐➝Ð✱Õ➝Ơ✳ß⑧ĐÝ×■ß❢Ơ❡❰❶Þåâ➛ĐÝ×❣❒❆Ð✐ĐÝØ Ï✧✃■❐✝Þ✐❰❛Ð❁è❛❐❢Ù■Þ➝û❴Ï✧✃■❐❢Ù❣Û❛ĐãÏƯ❐➝×❶ÛãÏỵĐ ß⑧ĐÝ×■❒✺â❡Ð✺Ø ß➝❰❛Ð✺Ð❁❐➝×❛Ï♦ĐÝỊ■â➀×■â➛ĐÝ× ➘✄Đ❦âƯÞå❐➴Ị❛Ð✱Đ ỉ Ơ✠❐ÜØ✮Þ✦ß➝Ð➱❐⑧Õ❭Ï➛❐äÛàâ➀×đĐ❦❒✾❒✺â✠ß❢❐äÞ ỉ Ù❣Õ❭Ï✧Ð❁â➛ÕíÕ❭Ð❁❐➴Ơ✧❐⑧Þ✎Þ✦Ơ✧▼â ✂❛❐❢Ơ✧Ù❇â➀×❣ƠỮ❭Ð✱á❦❐ Ï❡✃■Õå×✆Þ➱ØðÕ✎Ơ➀Ơ➑Õ Ï❡Ð✾â✧Õ ➮ ➚⑥Ð❁Đ ỉ Ơ❡❐✎Ø✝➮ Þ✘ß✕Õå×✆Õ Ð✾â✧Þ✐❐✄â❡❒✒Õ✎ß❭Ï✧â❡è❦â❷Ï✧â✠❐äÞ✄Đ❦ß❢ß➝❰❛Ðìâ➀×❇Ï✧✃■❐✝Õ❭Ï✧Ð❁â➛Õ✍Ú①✃■â✧ß➝✃❣ß➝Ð❁❐äÕ❭Ï➛❐✍×❶Đ❦â➛Þå❐❦û❙➯☛áãÏ✠✃■❐ ß⑧Đ❢×❶áÝÐ❁❐⑧á❛Õ❭ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×đĐ❦❒ìÕ↔❒❁Õ➝â❡Ð❁Ơ✠Ù✆Ơ➛Õ❭Ð✱á❦❐✍×❛❰❛Ø ỉ ❐➝Ð①Đ❦❒✁Þ✐Ï✧❰❶Û❦❐➝×❛Ï✜Þ✄Õ✎Ï✒Õ✍ß⑧Đ❦❒✺❒✺❐❢❐ ỉ Õ❭Ð✁â❡×❇Ï✠✃■❐ðÕ❭Ï✠Ð➱â➀❰❛Ø ĐÝÐ✁â✠❒ìÕ➴Þ✐ØãÕ➝Ơ✠Ơ ĐäÐ✾ß✎✃❛❐✕Þ➱Ï❡Ð❁Õ❾ĐäÐ ỉ Õ ×❩Û➴â✠Þ✘❐✎Ø✍Ị❛Ơ✧ĐÝÙú❐❢Û↔ÏƯĐ↔ỊùƠ✠Õ✎Ù ➾✰✃❛❐✦Ï✧Ù⑧Ị❛❐✍Đ⑧❒✒Þ➱Ị❩Õ❭ßÜ❐✍Þ➱❰úÐ❆Ð➱Đä❰ú×■Û⑧â⑦×❩á↔Ï❡✃❛❐✍ÕåÏ❡Ð✺â❡❰❛Ø✚âƯÞ✦â➀ØíỊ❶ĐÝÐ✺Ï✜Õ❭×❛Ï ➷⑩Ú✦❐❢Ơ✧Ơ✠â❡×❶á❛Þ✄Õ❭×❶ÛãỊ❶Đ❛Þ✎Þåâ ỉ Ơ✠ÙàÏƯ❐⑧Õ➝ß➝✃■â❡×❶á❇Þ✐Ị❶Õ➝➮ ß❢❐⑧Þ❾Õ❭Ð❁❐➴Ơ✧â▼✂❛❐❢Ơ✧ÙàÏ✜Đ ỉ ❐↔Ø➴❰■ßÜ✃❇Ø✮ĐÝÐ❁❐ðÞå❐➝×❶Þåâ➀ÏƯâ✠è❛❐✍Ï✠✃❶Õ❭×đĐ❦❒✾❒✺â✠ß❢❐äÞ ➮ ➮ ➭✒➯✳➺❙➯✶➭✒➯✳➘✄➻✔➯✒➽ ✸ ➻✔Đ❢Ø✍Ị■ÕåÐ✺â✧ÞåĐ❢×✆ĐÝ❒✶✃ù❐❢Õ✎Ơ❷Ï❡✃✝Ị❦Ð➱Đ ỉ Ơ❡❐✎ØðÞ♦Ð✺❐ÜƠ✧Õ Ï✧❐✕ÛãÏ✜ĐàÚ❾ĐÝÐ✞✂❣Õ✎×❶Ûà❐➝×■è❛â➀Ð✐ĐÝ×❛Ø✝❐➝×❛ÏỵÕ➝Ơ❺Øð❐⑧Õ❢Þ✐❰❛Ð❁❐ÜØ✝❐➝×❛ÏỵÞ✦â➀×đĐ❦❒✾❒✺â✠ß❢❐ ỉ ❰■➮ ✠â ƠỬ❦â➀×❶á❛Þ Ú⑩â➀Ï✧✃đÛ❦â✠❒✾❒✺❐➝Ð❁❐➝×❛Ï☛è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠Ơ➛Õ✎Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×ĨÞåÙ■Þ✐Ï➛❐➝ØãÞ➝û❙➭✘Đ ỉ ❐ÜÐ✺Ï✜Þ✎ĐÝ×❣❐ÜÏ✔➫✄Ơ✜û❙➪✔Ð❁â➀ÏƯâ➛Þ✐✃❣➹✪❐⑧Û❦â✧ß⑧Õ➝Ơ❝❜ÜĐÝ❰❛Ð✺×❶Õ➝Ơ✜û✴☎✓❞✑✸❢û 32 Ị❛Ị❙ø❡❘❴øúý✐ø❡❘✓✿⑥û ➮ úò ✸★❞✻✺ ➽■â✠✝ß ✂✆➪é❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶áĨ➽■Ù❦×❶ÛÝÐ✱ĐÝØ✝❐ðÕ❭×❶Ûà➯❖×■è❛â➀Ð✱ĐÝ×❛Øð❐➝×❛Ï✜Õ➝Ơ☛➻✒ĐÝ×❶Û❦â➀ÏƯâ➛ĐÝ×❶✝Þ ❛✉➻♦Õ✕Þå❐✝Þ✐Ï✠❰❶Û❦â✧❐⑧Þ✄Đ❦❒→×■â➀×■❐ ỉ ❰■â✠Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶á❛Þ➝û ➽❛➮✃■❐❢❐➝×❶Õ✍➵✸â✠ƠƯÞ✎ĐÝ×❙û❙➚✰Õ✎Ï✒➸✄ê ➽❛❰■Ơ✠Ơ✧â✠è■Õ❭×❙û❙➫❾Ơ➛Õ❭×❫❅⑩❐⑧Û❛á❦❐❦û❙➚❴✃■â✧Ơ✠â➀Ị❢❜ÜĐÝ×■❐⑧Þ➝û❙➪✔❰■â✠Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶áà➼❾Þå❐à➽❛Ï✠❰❶Û❦â✧❐⑧Þ✦➶❖Ï✜Û ➮ û✤✸★❞✻✺❡❘ ☎ ø ➺❴â❡❐ÜƠ✧Û✝Þ➱Ï❡❰■Û⑧â➀❐✕Þ✁ĐÝ❒✳Ï➀✃ù❐❭Ð✜ØðÕ❭Ơ✉ß❢Đ❢Øí❒✺Đ❢Ð❆Ï➑â⑦×✝Ị❶Õ✕Þ✎Þåâ✠è❛❐✝Þ✎Đ❦ƠỮ❭Ð ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶á❛Þ➝û❙➳✺➷ ➬ìÐ❁â✧❒✺❒✺â❡Ï✠✃❶Þ➝û❖➽■❐❢ß⑧ĐÝ×❶Ûà➯❖❰❛Ð✱ĐÝỊ■❐⑧Õ✎× ➻✔➮ Đ❢×❛❒✜❐❭Ð✾❐❭×ùß➝❐ Đä×❣➽❛ßÜâ❡❐❭×ùß➝❐✍Õå×■Û➴➾❖❐Üß✎✃❦×■Đ⑧Ơ✧Đ❦áÝÙ✮ÕåÏ✰Ï❡✃ù❐➴➽❛❐➝Ð❁è❛â✧ß❢❐✝Đ❦❒✥➫✦Ð❁ß➝✃■â❡Ï➛❐❢ßÜÏ✠❰❛Ð❁❐❦û❙➚✉Õ❭Ð➱â➛Þ❬✸★❞✕❞❦ó❴û❴Ị❛Ị❣❞✕❞❛ý★✸✎ó✕☎ ➮ ✔➻ ➳✺➪✁➽■➯➓➬✘❰■â➛Û❦❐í➫➴û✤✸★❞✻✺❤✿ ò ➮ ➪✁➽❊✺❡☎❴ø❛ø✓❛✐✸★❞✻✺❡❘ ✣ Õ✮✂❛â❡×❶áã❰❶Þå❐✝Đ❦❒✒Ï✠✃■❐❦û❴Ï✧✃■❐➝Ð✺Ø✮ÕÜƠ❺ØãÕ❢Þ✎Þ✄Đ❦❒♦Ï✧✃■❐ ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â➀×❶á✝❰❶Þåâ➀×❶á ➮Ï✠✃■❐Ü➹➆ Ð✺Ø✮Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ù❣ĐÝỊ■❐Ü×❣ß❢❐❢â✧Ơ✠â➀×❶á❛Þ➝û✴❅✗➹ ➪✔Ð✺❰❶á❛á❦❐ÜØ✮ÕÝû❙➯❖×■❐➝Ð✱á❦Ù❴û❙➹➆Đ❦âƯÞ✐Ï✠❰❛Ð❁❐ðÕ❭×❶Û ➻✔Ơ✠â❡Ø✮Õ❭ÏƯ❐➴â➀×➏➪é❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶á❛Þ↔➽■Ù❦Ø➴Ị❶Đ❛Þåâ➀❰❛Ø✆û❖➽■❐➝Ị❛Ï➛❐➝Ø ỉ ❐➝Ð❥✸★❞✕❞❦ó❴û❙➭✥ĐÝÏ✧Ï➛❐➝Ð✱Û❛ÕÜâ➀× ➮ ✿ ➫✄ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ßí➚tÐ➱â✠è■Õ➝ß❢Ù✆â➀×đĐ❦❒✺❒✾â✠ß❢❐⑧Þ❾ý♦➭✒❐⑧Õ➝Ơ☛Õ❭×❶Ûà➳❆ØãÕ❢á❦â➀×■❐äÛ⑥û❙➚❦❅ ➫✄➮ Ơ✧Ơ➛Đ❦Ú❾Õ➝Ù❴û❙➚❴Ð✱Đ❦ß➴➳❁➸✁➫➴û❙➲❾Đ❦Ơ➀❰❛Øð❐❬✺❛û❙➚✉Õ❭Ð✺Ï❧✸➴ÿ✼✸★❞✻✺❤✿✕ ✐û❴Ị❛Ịừ❤❞❛ý✖✣✕✣ ➮ ✺ ➫✄ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ßí➚tÐ➱â✠è■Õ➝ß❢Ù ỉ ❐➝Ï➛Ú⑩❐❢❐➝×đĐ❦❒✾❒✺â✠ß❢❐äÞ➝û❙❦ ➚ ❅✗➫✄Ơ✧Ơ➛Đ❦Ú❾Õ➝Ù❴û❙➚❴Ð✱Đ❦ß➴➳➱➸①➫➴û ÿ ✸★➮ ❞✻✺❤❞✕ ✐û❴Ị❛❢ ✼ Ị ✣■ò❛✖ý ✣✓❞ ➮ ❞ ➾❖✃■❐➴❒✺â✧❐❢Ơ➛ÛãỊ■❐ÜÐ❁❒❁ĐÝÐ✺ØãÕ❭×■ß❢❐✝Đ❦❒✒Ị❶Õ❭Ð✺ÏƯâ➛Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ù❣ĐÝỊ■❐➝×ĨÛÝ❰❶Õ➝Ơ✔á❦ƠỮ➝ë❢â❡×❶á⑥û✉➬ ÷⑩➮ ❐➝Ð✺Ð❁Ù❣Õ✎×❶Ûà➭→➷✗➺✰ĐÝÐ✐Û⑥û❙➫✦Ị❛Ị■Ơ✠â✧❐⑧Ûà➫✄ß⑧ĐÝ❰❶Þ✐ÏƯâ✠ß⑧Þ✍✆ÿ ❘✓ ✐✤û ✸★❞✙❘✕✣❴û❴Ị❛❫ Ị ☎♠✸❢øú✖ý ☎✕☎✕❘ ➮ ✸✎ó ➪✒➭✒➯◗➳✜×■❒❁ĐÝÐ✺Ø✮Õ✎Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×➏➚✰Õ✎Ị■❐➝❥ Ð ✸✼☎❡❇✞✺❤❞⑥û❙➾❺✃■❐íâ➀×❶Þ✐❰■Ơ➛Õ✎Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×ĨĐ❦❒✁Û❦Ú⑩❐❢Ơ✠Ơ✧â➀×❶á❛Þ ➮ Õ❢á❛Õ➝â❡×❶Þ✐Ï✔❐Üï❛Ï➛❐➝Ð✺×❶ÕÜƠ❺×❶Đ❦âƯÞå❐ ➮ ✸✕✸ ➾❖✃■❐✝Þ✎ĐÝ❰❛×❶Û❇Õ❭Ï✧Ï➛❐➝×❛❰❶Õ✎Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×ĨĐ❦❒♦Ị❶Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✧è❛❐➴è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠Ơ➛Õ✎Ï✜ĐÝÐ✱Þ➝û❖❫ ➽ ❜ÜÕ❭Ð✾Ð✱Đ⑥û ➮ ➚❴Ð✱Đ❦ß➴➳➱➸①➫➴✤û ✸★❞✕❞❦ó❴✤û ✸✼☎đÿ✜✕ò  éỊ❛❫ Ị ✣♠✸Ü♥ý ✣✕❘ ❘ ➽■ĐÝƠ✧ÕåÐ✥Õ Ð✾ß✎✃❛â❷Ï✧❐➝ß✎Ï❡❰❦Ð✾❐✍Õ➝Þ✁Õå×✮â➀×■â❡Ï➛âỮ❭Ï✜ĐÝÐì❒❁ĐÝÐ✘❰❛×■ß⑧ĐÝ×■è❛❐Ü×❛Ï➛â➛ĐÝ×❶ÕÜƠ❺Ị■ƠỮ❭×❛×■â➀×❶á❇Õ✎×❶Û❇Û❛Õ➝Ù❛Ơ✠âƯáÝ✃❛Ï➛â❡×❶áãÏ➛❐❢ßÜ✃❛×■â➛ç❦❰■❐⑧Þ➝û ➮ ◆ ➷✦❐äÕ❭×❙û❙➹ ➵✸â✧Ơ➛Þ✎ĐÝ×❙û✴❜✄➵üÕÜƠ▼✂❛❐➝Ð✎û❖➽■❐❢ßäĐÝ×❶Ûà➯❺❰❛Ð✐ĐÝỊ■❐⑧Õ❭×đ➻✒ĐÝ×■❒✺❐➝Ð➱❐➝×■ß❢❐✝ĐÝ×ư➽⑥ß✕â✠❐➝×■ß❢❐ðÕ❭×❶Ûà➾✳❐❢ß➝✃❛×❶Đ❦ƠƯĐ❛á❦Ù❣Õ❭Ï Ï✠✃■❐✮➽■❐➝Ð❁è❛â✠ß✕❐✝Đ❦❒✘➫⑩Ð❁ß➝✃■â➀ÏƯ❐❢ß➝Ï✧❰❛Ð❁❐❦û❙➚✉Õ❭Ð❁âƯÞ❬✸★❞✻✺❤❞ãỊ❛Ị✓☎✕✣■ý✖☎✓✿ ✸✁☎ ✸❢ø ➷⑩❐⑧Þåâ➛áÝ×đĐ❦❒ìÕ ×❶Õ❭Ï✧❰❛Ð✱Õ➝Ơ✧Ơ✠Ù❇è❛❐➝×❛ÏƯâ✠ƠỮ❭Ï➛❐⑧Û✮Ơ➛Õ ỉ ĐÝÐ✱Õ✎Ï✜ĐÝÐ❁Ù ỉ ❰■â✧Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶áàâ➀× ➶✳❐❢➮â✠ß❢❐äÞ✐Ï➛❐➝Ð✎û❙➯❖×❶á❦Ơ➛Õ✎×❶Û⑥û❙➪→➺✰ĐÝÐ✐Û❇Õ❭×❶Ûà➫ ➽❩✃❶ĐÝÐ✾Ï✺û❙➚❙➶✶➯✳➫♦✸★❞✑✸❢û❖➽■❐❢è❛â✧Ơ✠Ơ✧❐ ✸★❞✕❞✑✸❢û❴Ị❛Ị✪✴ ø ✸★❞❛ý✐❡ø ☎✕✣ ➚✉Õ❢Þ✎Þåâ✠è❛❐ðÕ❭×❶❬ Û ❅⑩Ù ỉ Ð❁â➛Û❣➽❴Đ❦ƠỮ❭Ð⑩➻✒ĐÝØíØ✝❐➝Ð❁ß✕â➛Õ➝Ơ✳➪✔❰■â✠Ơ➛Û❦â❡×❶á❛Þ➝û❙➳✺➯✳➫✌➾☛Õ❢Þ✁✂ ➮ ➬✘Ð✱ĐÝ❰❛Ị❫❪⑩➳åû❙➫✍Û❦è■Õ❭×■ß❢❐äÛ❇➻✒Õ❢Þå❐à➽❛Ï✠❰❶Û❦â✧❐⑧Þ↔➽■❐➝Øðâ➀×❶Õ❭Ð✎û❙➫⑩Ị❛Ð❁â✠Ơ♣✸★❞✕❞✑✸ ✸✼✣ ➟➡➠➢➠▲➤➓➥❣➦✣➧✠➨ q THE NATURE OF VIBRATION : BASIC CONCEPTS AND DESCRIPTORS Introduction This Section begins with a consideration of the nature of vibration, and of the terms and 33 parameters which may be used to describe and measure it, starting with the simplest, single frequency vibration and then continuing to more complex types Single frequency vibration A vibration is a type of motion in which there is a to and fro oscillation about a fixed position In the case of the simplest type of vibration the displacement, from the fixed position varies sinusoidally with time, t, and described mathematically by : x = X.sin t = X sin 2ft where X is the vibration amplitude, and is the angular frequency, in radians per second, equal to 2f, where f is the frequency of the vibration, in cycles per second, or Hertz Frequency is the reciprocal of the period, T, of the vibration, which is the time taken for one complete cycle of the motion to occur ie f= l/T The Root Mean Square value, RMS, of a vibration is given by : where x(t) denotes that displacement x is a function of time, t In the case of a sine wave vibration where x = Xsin2ft, evaluation of the above expression shows that RMS = X/ ie that: RMS = PEAK / = 0.7071 x PEAK In this case also, the peak value is the same as the amplitude, and the peak to peak value is twice the amplitude A reduction by a factor of in terms of displacement corresponds to a reduction by a factor of in vibration energy (compare with the relationship: sound intensity (sound pressure)2 ) so that, for a sinusoidal vibration the RMS value is dB below the peak value Displacement, Velocitv and Acceleration Velocity is the rate of change of displacement, with respect to changes in time During a complete cycle of the vibration the velocity also changes, through a complete cycle, as well as the displacement Similarly acceleration is rate of change of velocity, and cyclic changes of acceleration will also occur during the vibration These three cycles have the same frequency, but different amplitudes: X (displacement), V (velocity), and A (Acceleration) Displacement, velocity and acceleration therefore give three different ways in which a vibration may be described and measured The three are obviously related, and, for single frequency vibration, sinusoidal vibration only the relationships, between the three amplitudes are: V= 2fX and A= 2fV 34 from which A = 4f X A similar set of equations relate the three RMS values Displacement, X may be measured in m., mm or m (microns) Velocity, V, may be measured in m.s-1 , or mm.s-1 Acceleration, A, is measured in m.s -2 Vibration Isolation A vibration isolator is a spring or mount which reduces the transmission of the vibration to the sturcture at freque ncies 1/2 x natural frequency of spring or mount The transmissibiltiy (T) is given by T = 1/ (1 -[f/fr]2) where f is the driving frequency and fr is the natural frequency of mount ( isolator) Springs and mounts may be simply sized by their static defection under load The natural frequency of the loaded mount is given by: fr = 15.8/d1/2 where d is the static deflection in mm and f r the natural frequecy of the loaded mount More Complex Vibrations, and Vibration Spectra More complex vibrations may be thought of as being built from a combination of simple sinusoidal vibrations, and represented by a frequency spectrum The frequency spectrum of a single frequency vibration with a sinusoidal waveform is a single line Vibrations with a harmonic waveform, ie one which repeats itself exactly, have a line spectrum, in which the frequency components are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency defined by the period of the waveform Such a series of lines is often called a Fourier series, after the French mathematician J.B.Fourier (1768-1830) who showed that any repetative function can be broken down (ie analysed into) a series of sinusoidal functions The waveform of a random vibration never repeats itself and has a continuous 35 frequency spectrum, ie one in which the lines have moved infinitesimally close together This continuous spectrum may be analysed into octave or one-third octave bands, exactly as for sound signals.The spectrum of a single transient vibration is also a continous spectrum, with, usually, higher levels at the lower frequencies and with the levels reducing at higher frequencies Repeated transients produce a line spectrum in which the line spacing is determined by the repetition rate, but where the shape of the spectrum is determined by the waveform of the transient Examples include the vibration produced by rotating machines such as fans, pumps and motors, and reciprocating machines such as engines THE EFFECTS OF VIBRATION ON PEOPLE Depending upon the level, and a variety of other factors, vibration may affect people’s comfort and well-being, impair their efficiency at performing a variety of tasks or even at very high levels become a hazard to their health and safety The best known example of the harmful effects of vibration is the White Finger syndrome (also known as Reynaud’s disease) in which prolonged use of hand-held equipment, such as chain saws, in very cold conditions produces loss of sensation in the fingers The vibration produced by the various forms of transportation (e.g road traffic, trains and aircraft) is of great interest for a variety of reasons First of all there is concern about the safety and efficiency of the driver or operator subjected to vibration; secondly, there is the effect of vibration levels on the comfort of passengers; and thirdly, there is often great concern amongst members of the public about vibration produced in buildings including domestic dwellings adjacent to roads or railway lines or near to air routes A great variety of industrial machinery produces vibration which is experienced by people at work Particular sources which can cause vibration to be experienced by the occupants of nearby buildings and thus often give rise to concern amongst members of the public include heavy-duty air compressors, forge hammers, pile driving and quarry blasting operations FACTORS INVOLVED IN HUMAN RESPONSE TO VIBRATION The assessment of human response to vibrati on is made difficult by the fact that there are a large number of factors involved, and because of the great differences between individuals The main physical factors determining the response to a vibration are the amplitude (or intensity) and frequency, and also the duration (exposure time), point of application and direction of the vibration Amongst the configurations which are of interest are the transmission of vibration from the floor through the feet of the standing person and from the seat via the buttocks and possibly the head (through the headrest) of the seated person In these cases the vibration may be transmitted and felt throughout all parts of the body, and it is the whole body response which will be required In other cases the vibration may be applied and sensed at a particular part of the body - the vibration produced in the fingers and hands by power tools being a good example In this particular case it is the response of the hand-arm system which is important As far as vibration transmission is concerned the human body may be thought of as a complex mass-spring system It therefore has a complicated frequency response which includes resonances associated with either the whole body or various parts of the body such as the head or the shoulder girdle These frequencies may vary greatly for different people Different parts of the body are therefore most sensitive to different frequencies of vibration Therefore there is not only a difference in individual sensitivity to vibration, but also a 36 difference in individual transmissibility as well Even the response of any one individual can vary with posture and body tension The situation may be further complicated by the effects of seats, headrest gloves, etc., unless great care is taken to measure the vibration level at the exact point of application of the vibration to the body One more difficulty in the assessment of human response to vibration is in separating it from the response to the high noise levels which are often associated with vibration-causing processes EARLY RESEARCH INTO HUMAN RESPONSE : THE REIHER-MEISTER AND THE DIECKMANN SCALES FOR ViBRATION ASSESSMENT Many schemes have been developed for the assessment of human response to vibration One of the earliest published by Reiher and Meister in 1931, covers the frequency range 1-100 Hz and vibration amplitudes, specified as displacements in the range 1-100 m.Using the Reiher-Meister scale it is possible to rate the vibration as belonging to one of six categories ranging from imperceptible to painful Separate scales are used for vibrations in the vertical and horizontal directions The threshold of perception corresponds to a velocity amplitude of 0.3 mm/s and the annoyance threshold to 2.5 mm/s Dieckmann, in 1955, proposed a similar scheme but extending to lower frequencies (down to 0.1 Hz) and higher amplitudes than Reiher and Meister The vibration level is quantified in terms of K-values, ranging from 0.1 to 100, which are related to the intensity The effect of a vibration can be assessed from its K-value: K K K K = - lower limit of perception = -allowable in industry for any period of time = 10 - allowable only for a short time =100 - upper limit of strain allowable for the average man The K-values may be read off charts of frequency against amplitude, similar to the Reiher-Meister scales, or they may be calculated in terms of displacement amplitude A and frequency f BRITISH AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON HUMAN REPONSE TO VIBRATION ISO 2631 Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration The Introduction to the standard states that : "Various methods rating the severity of exposure and defining limits of exposure based on laboratory or field data have been developed in the past for specific applications None of these methods can be considered applicable in all situations and consequently none has been universally accepted In view of the complex factors determining the human response vibrations, and in view of the shortage of consistent quantitative data concerning man’s perception of vibration and his reactions to it, this International Standard has been prepared first, to facilitate the evaluation and comparison of data gained from continuing research in the field; and, second, to give provisional guidance as to acceptable human exposure to whole body vibration." Part 1985 : General requirements 37 This Part of the standard takes into account frequency (in the range 1-80 Hz), vibration amplitude (acceleration), duration (from minute to 24 hours exposure) and the direction of the vibration relative to the human body Three different criteria are proposed; working effficiency, health and safety, and comfort These three criteria give rise to three boundaries or limits; the fatiguedecreased proficiency boundary, the exposure limit (for health and safety), and the reduced comfort boundary Fig shows the limits for the fatiguedecreased proficiency boundary in terms of the amplitude, frequency and duration for a vertical vibration (along the toe-to-head axis) Exposure limits are dB above and reduced comfort values 10 dB below these values, the shape of the contours remaining the same The human subject is most sensitive to vertical vibrations in the frequency range 4-8 Hz Above Hz the response contours correspond to constant velocity amplitudes The ISO standard also allows the effect of broad-band vibrations (i.e containing many frequencies) to be evaluated Parts 2,3 and of ISO 2631 are concerned with the vibration of humans in buildings, at low frequencies, and on board ships Part 1989 : Human exposure to continuous and shock-induced vibration in buildings (l to 80 Hz) Part 1985 : Evaluation of exposure to whole-body z-axis vertical vibration in the frequency range 0.1 to 0.63 Hz Part : Evaluation of crew exposure to vibration on board sea-going ships (1 to 80 Hz} This part of the standard is at present at the stage of draft The subject matter of parts 1,2 and of IS0 2631 are also cover by BS6841 and BS6472 Although there are some similarities there are also some very significant differences between the British and International Standards One of these is the introduction of the concept of Vibration Dose Value into the British Standards, in order to take into account the effects of impulsive and intermittent vibration THE EFFECT OF VIBRATION ON BUILDINGS It is almost inevitable that high noise and vibration levels experienced by the occupants of a building should give rise to concern about the possible effects that these may have on the building However, cases in which even minor damage to a building can he attributed directly to the effects of vibration alone are very rare Usually many other factors are involved as well, such as ground settlement or movement caused by changes of moisture content It is generally accepted that the vibration levels in a building would become absolutely intolerable to the human occupants long before they reached a level at which there was danger of damage to the building In cases where minor damage does occur, and in which vibration is alleged to play a part, the most common occurrences are: damage to unsound plaster, cracking of glass, loosening of roof tiles and cracks to masonry However, it is very likely that existing minor damage may he noticed for the first time by an occupant whose attention and concern has been aroused hy the disturbance caused by a new source of vibration Heavy vibrating machinery located at high levels in a building can produce intense vibrations in the horizontal direction, and these are more likely to be damaging than vertical vibration 38 Bells situated in church towers can also produce high levels in the building structure Sustained sources of vibration may produce resonances in buildings or parts of buildings However, this is less likely to cause problems if the vibrations are transient The natural frequency of a building will depend mainly on its height and base dimensions, typical values ranging from 10 Hz for a low building to 0.1 Hz for a very tall building The natural frequency is of interest since this type of vibration may be excited by wind loading of the building Floors, ceilings and windows also have their own natural frequencies Typical values for floors are in the range 10-30 Hz depending on size and type of construction People in buildings are more aware of vibrations transmitted via the floor than from any other part of the structure It is important therefore that the natural frequency of the floor does not coincide with the range of maximum sensitivity (4-8 Hz) for vertical vibrations of the human body at which whole-body resonance occurs The maximum amplitude usually occurs in the centre of the floor Modern long-span floors are likely to cause an increase in floor vibration amplitudes Natural frequencies of windows range from 10 to 100 Hz depending on the size and thickness of the glass, and for plaster ceilings typical values range from 10 to 20 Hz Many investigations have been carried out in an attempt to define threshold limits for the occurrence of vibration induced damage to buildings The evidence from these investigation has been fully reported and discussed in a Building Research Establishment Report by R Steffens entitled ’Structural Vibration and Damage’, first published in 1974, and recently re-issued In one investigation on the effects of blasting on buildings it was shown that buildings can withstand peak amplitudes of about 400 m In contrast, typical levels produced in buildings by nearby road traffic often lie in the range 5-25 m (10-30 Hz) It is often found that internal sources of vibration in a building, such as footsteps, door slamming, furniture moving, washing machines and vacuum cleaners, will produce levels comparable with or even greater than the external source which is the subject of complaint (road traffic, compressor, pile driver, etc.) Typical vibration levels produced by footsteps and by door slamming can be in the region of 50-150 m Other investigations have suggested that limits for damage are best expressed in terms of peak vibration velocity, and various values have been suggested ranging from 50 to 230 mm.s -1 depending on the type of building and the degree of damage For comparison it is interesting to note that a level of 75 mm.s-1 corresponds to a Dieckmann K-value of 60, which would be extremely unpleasant, and is well into the painful zone of the Reiher-Meister scale (assuming frequencies in the range 5-40 Hz) Yet another method for rating vibration, based on energy considerations and developed by Zeller in Germany, has been used for assessing possihle damage to buildings This involves the acceleration and the frequency of the vibration, the Zeller power being given by the acceleration squared divided by the frequency, and measured in mm 2/Hz BS7385 Evaluation and Measurement for Vibration in Buildinqs Part Guide for measurement of vibrations and evaluation of their effects on buildings This standard, which is identical to IS0 4866 :1990, discusses some of the principles involved in the measurement and evaluation of building vibration, and gives guidance on information to be recorded.The following factors are considered : -the characteristics of vibration (type of signal, range of magnitudes and frequencies) 39 produced by different types of source, such as traffic, blasting, pile driving, and machinery -type of building Buildings are grouped into fourteen different classes, taking into account the different types of construction, types soil and foundations, and a political importance factor -selection of measurement parameters, equipment, transducers, measurement positions, data collection and analysis Most ground-borne vibration entering buildings from man-made sources is in the frequency range from 1Hz to 150 Hz Natural sources such wind, and earthquakes produce significant amounts of vibrational energy lower frequencies, down to 0.1Hz Vibration induced damage to buildings is classified into categories : cosmetic, minor and major Part : 1993 Guide to damage levels from ground-borne vibration The preferred method of measurement is to simultaneously record unfiltered time-histories of the three different orthogonal components (eg x, y, and z) of particle velocity The (total) particle velocity may then be found, by taking the root mean square value of the three components, andd its peak value obtained The peak values of the individual components should also be measured, since it is this type of data which has usually been presented in the various case histories used to develop the limits in the standard The case history data suggests that the probability of damage tends towards zero at levels below 12.5 mm.s-1 peak component particle velocity The limit for cosmetic damage varies from 15 mm.s-1 at Hz to 50 mm.s-1 at 40Hz and above, for measurements taken at the base of the building Different low frequency limits (below 40 Hz) are given for two different types of buildings The limits for cosmetic damage should be doubled for minor damage, and doubled again for major damage BRE Digest 353, 1990 Damage to structures from ground-borne vibration This Digest reviews various methods for measuring and assessing building damage caused by vibration, including German, Swiss and Swedish standards The German standard, DIN 4150 Part 1986, which has been widely used, adopts a similar approach to B57385 Part Guideline values of peak component particle velocity, in mm.s -1 , are given for three different types of building structure Different limits are given for the frequency ranges : less than 10 Hz, 10 to 50 Hz, and 50 to 100 Hz SOURCES OF VIBRATION IN BUILDINGS Road Traffic It is the variability of the interaction between tyres and the road which is the main source of vibration produced by traffic ’Out of balance’ forces produced by the operation of the vehicle also cause vibration, but with modern vehicles these are of less importance than the effects of variability in the road surface caused either by random surface roughness or by 40 imperfections such as bumps or potholes A perfectly balanced engine driving a vehicle along a perfectly smooth road would not produce any vibration The main parameters determining the magnitude and frequency of traffic vibration are : road surface profile, vehicle mass and road speed, and the characteristics of the vehicle suspension system, and in particular its natural frequency Vibration from trains The vibration producing mechanisms are not fully understood, but it is believed that the main source of ground vibration from trains is the variability in the interaction between wheels and rails, arising from imperfections, irregularities and roughnesses in the surfaces of both Irregularities in the track system supporting the rails may also cause vibration The important parameters are rail and wheel profiles, vehicle mass, speed and suspension characteristics Wind induced vibration Variability in the wind loading forces on buildings cause vibration, and this is particularly important for tall buildings Steffens states that serious vibration in tall buildings is likely if the natural frequency of the building is less than the frequency of vortex shedding at the maximum wind velocity, and gives a method for calculating both quantities Other sources Other sources of vibration in buidings include earthquake s, blasting operations, pile-driving, acoustic excitation eg from blasting, road and rail traffic and aircraft, machinery of various kinds, and human activities such as walking and door slamming BS7385 Part indicates the characteristics of vibration produced in buildings by various sources Steffens gives a fascinating and comprehensive account of vibration produced by a wide range of sources, including bell ringing, church organs, industrial knitting machines and door slamming, as well as all the sources mentioned above Vibration from pile-driving There are many different methods of pile-driving, and these may result in vibration which is either continuous, or intermittent, or impulsive in nature BS5228 Part (Appendix A) gives a detailed account of the characteristics of vibration associated with various types of pile-driving operations and a wide range of case study data Vibration from machinery The motion associated with the operation of reciprocating machi nes (eg internal combustion engines) inevitably causes vibration.Rotating machinery (such as pumps, motors, fans) also causes vibration because there will always be some ’out of balance’ forces associated with the rotary motion, although in principle the perfectly balanced rotating machine would not produce any vibration 41 Vibration is also produced as a by-product of the ’working forces’ associated with various types of machine including , for example : cutting, pressing, pumping, abrading and polishing, electrical forces in rotating machinery, combustion forces, aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces in fans and pumps, forces in bearings, gear meshing forces, and impact forces Vibration is also produced by the imperfect operation of machinery caused by wear, looseness and mis-alignment of parts, and imperfect balancing It is for this reason that good maintenance procedures are so important in minimising vibrationand noise from machines Since most machinery operates on a cyclic basis of either rotational or reciprocal movement the frequency spectrum of machine vibration usually consists of a series of pure tone components (fundamentals and harmonics) associated with the repetition rates of the various cycles, (and with frequencies therefore dependent on machine speed), superimposed upon a broad band spectrum of raNDOM VIBRATION caused by impacts, wear, and irregularities in the machine motion The narrow band component of the spectrum, or ’vibration signature’ as it is sometimes known, can be used to diagnose the source of a particular noise or vibration frequency, eg to identify a particular set of gears, or fan or bearing For a particular machine the spectrum can also be used to identify the vibration producing mechanism, such as ’out of balance’ or ’misalignment’ and this knowledge forms the basis of vibration monitoring of machinery in order to give early warning of malfunction THE TRANSMISSION OF VIBRATION THE PROPAGATION OF VIBRATION IN UNIFORM MEDIA There are two sorts of elastic waves which can travel in an infinite, ie unbounded homogeneous solid elastic medium : longitudinal compressional waves, often called P waves, and transverse shear waves, often called S waves Only the P waves can be propagated in a fluid such as air or water In bounded solids, such as plates, beams, rods and bars (such as in the elements of a building) there are in addition a number of other types of waves, such as flexural and torsional waves, which are combinations of the two main types Also in bounded solids and fluids surface waves are transmitted, but, as the name suggests, only on and at limited depths below the surface Surface waves in solids are also known as Rayleigh waves NB Homogeneous means having the same properties throughout the medium, ie ’being the same everywhere’ Isotropic means having the same properties in every direction Propagation of ground-borne Vibration Ground-borne vibration is, then, transmitted by P, S, and, near the surface, by Rayleigh waves The velocity of shear waves in soils ranges from approximately, 30 m.s -1 to 300 m.s -1 , and for rock it is about 1000 m.s-1 The velocities of compressional waves is about 2.5 to times higher than for the shear waves, and the Rayleigh waves travel at speeds slightly lower than shear waves The amplitude of surface waves reduces rapidly with depth below the surface, so that they are confined within a wavelength or so of the ground Because of this Rayleigh waves are subject to less spreading loss than P or S waves, and especially in lightly damped soils or rock, they can travel greater distances with less attenatuion 42 The propagation of vibration in the idealised situation of an infinite, homogeneous, isotropic medium is well understood, and can be predicted from theory The propagation of vibration in the ground is much more complex Soils are not homogeneous, but are granular, with the voids between grains sometimes being filled with water The medium is also usually non-isotropic,consisting of a number of strata or layers, each with different elastic properties Additional types of waves arise from interactions at the boundaries between layers, and between waves propagating in the solid soil grains and the water surrounding them There is usually inadequate or incomplete information about the thicknesses and extent of the various layers, and about the relevant elastic properties of each soil or rock type ie elastic moduli, density, wave speeds and damping constant ➙✳➍①❧✉❳⑥②❷❿▲②③❜❚r■❪➆❵➀❧➆❵⑦➇❙✇❙s✴r❣➂⑩❤✢s✒❧❴❨➆➎♦❪✉❵❡❪➐❤✜④❣♠✠❧❙❤✁❵❷➇✉❪▲④■❪➐❫■❵❷❜❷❧❴s➆❧❴sü❞❢❜③❨✰❤✜✇❖❵❷❜❷❧❴s 43 ... direct sound arriving at the listener the following reflections are integrated by the ear Thus strong early reflections are very important in ensuring a sound is perceived sufficiently loudly... sound will be perceived as part of the general reverberation of the room or if it is sufficiently strong as an echo Concave shapes concentrate sound and therefore increase the likelihood of an echo