Cách chuyển đổi từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn và ngược lại

Cách chuyển đổi từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn và ngược lại tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đ...

DẠNG : ChUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ( VÀ NGƢỢC LẠI ) Dạng có mẫu sau , công thức nên đưa ví dụ có chổ tô màu dấu hiệu để nhận dạng công thức This is the first time I have seen him (đây lần đầu thấy ) =>I have never seen him before ( chưa thấy trước ) Mẫu có dạng : Đây lần làm chuyện => chưa làm chuyện trước The first time : lần Never before : chưa trước I started / begun studying English years ago (tôi bắt đầu học TA cách năm ) => I have studied English for years ( học TA năm ) Mẫu có dạng : bắt đầu làm cách + khoảng thời gian => làm chuyện for + khoảng thời gian Nếu ago mà có when + mệnh đề giử nguyên mệnh đề đổi when thành since I last saw him when I was a student.( lần cuồi thấy SV ) => I haven't seen him since I was a student.( không thấy từ SV ) Mẫu có dạng : Lần cuối làm chuyện => không làm chuyện từ Last : lần cuối Since : từ The last time she went out with him was two years ago.(lần cuối cô ta chơi với cách năm ) => She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cô ta không chơi với năm ) Tương tự mẫu khác phần sau It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ gặp lần cuối ) => I haven't met him for ten years ( không gặp 10 năm ) Mẫu có dạng : Đã khoảng thời gian từ làm lần cuối => không làm việc + khoảng thời gian When did you buy it ? ( bạn mua ? => How long have you bought ? ( bạn mua ? ) Mẫu có dạng : when : dùng khứ đơn How long : dùng hoàn thànhViết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: 1) This is the first time he went abroad => He hasn’t…… 2) She started driving month ago => She has…… 3) We began eating when it started to rain => We have…… 4) I last had my hair cut when I left her => I haven’t… 5) The last time she kissed me was months ago => She hasn’t… 6) It is a long time since we last met => We haven’t… 7) When did you have it ? => How long … ? 8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal => I haven’t… 9) I haven’t seen him for days => The last … 10) I haven’t taken a bath since Monday => It is … DẠNG CÁC DẠNG ĐỀ THƢỜNG GẶP VỀ TOO TO , SO THAT, SUCH THAT , ENOUGH : 1) ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT SANG SUCH THAT : N + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => ĐẠI TỪ + BE Cách làm : Thêm such ( a,an) đem tính từ xuống ,đem danh từ xuống ,từ that trở viết lại hết => ĐẠI TỪ + BE SUCH ( A,AN ) ADJ + N + THAT CLAUSE The book is so interesting that I have read it many times It is => It is such an interesting book that I have read it many times Nếu danh từ số không đếm a, an 2) ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT SANG TOO TO : Đề có dạng : S + BE +SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => S + BE + TOO Cách làm : Thêm tính từ vào , bỏ can't ,couldn't lấy từ động từ trở Nếu chủ từ câu khác thêm phần for sb Nếu túc từ câu sau giống chủ từ câu đầu bỏ túc từ => S + BE + TOO + adj +( FOR SB ) TO INF The water is so hot that I can't drink it => The water is too => The water is too hot for me to drink - Nếu đổi nguợc lại từ TOO TO sang SO THAT thường sai việc quên thêm túc từ vào chia sai 3) ĐỔI TỪ TOO TO SANG ENOUGH : Đề thường có dạng : S + BE + TOO + ADJ + TO INF => S + BE NOT Cách làm : - Dùng tính từ phản nghĩa + enough - Viết lại hết phần sau He is too weak to run fast => He isn't => He isn't strong enough to run fast Ghi :Trong tất cấu trúc chổ BE V ADV thay cho ADJ Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: 1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it => It is 2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him => He is 3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night => It is 4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times => They are 5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it => It was 6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue => It was 7) There is so much rain that we can't go out => There is such 8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy => He is 9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more => It is 10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden => It was 11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him => There were such 12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly => It was 13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night => They drunk such 14) Alice had so many exercises to that she couldn't go out => Alice had such 15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help => She was Key 1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it => It is such a tidy room that it took us one hour to clean it 2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him => He is such a foolish man that no one took any notice of him 3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night => It is such a long film that they can't broadcast it on one night 4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times => They are such interesting books that we have read them many times 5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it => It was bad enough for her to burst into tears on hearing it 6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue => It was hot enough to turn my tongue 7) There is so much rain that we can't go out => There is such a lot of rain that we can't go out 8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy => He is fat enough to be called Stuffy 9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more => It is too excellent for children to want some more 10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden => It was warm enough for them to have a walk in the garden 11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him => There were such a lot of people in the hall that we couldn't see him 12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly => It was such an exciting match that all the fans shouted loudly 13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night => They drunk such a lot of coffee that they couldn't sleep all night 14) Alice had so many exercises to that she couldn't go out => Alice had such a lot of exercises to that she couldn't go out 15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help => She was too poor to be needed everyone's help DẠNG VIẾT LẠI CÂU DÙNG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN : IF TRong chương trình lớp cần học câu điều kiện loại mà thôi, công thức sau: LOẠI : Bên có IF dùng đơn Bên IF dùng tương lai đơn LOẠI : Bên có IF dùng khứ đơn ( thay was = were) Bên IF dùng tương lai khứ ( would + nguyên mẫu ) - Can/ could thay will/ would CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƢỜNG SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN: - Nếu câu đề - / tương lai dùng loại + phản nghĩa It is rainy I can't go to school If => If it weren't rainy, I could go to school - Nếu câu đề : tưong lai - tương lai dùng loại (không phản nghĩa ) I will go to VT I will buy you a present If If I go to VT, I will buy you a present - Nếu câu đề : Don’t V…….or + mệnh đề viết lại : If you V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or ) Don’t go out or you will get wet => if you go out, you will get wet - Nếu câu đề là: V …….or + mệnh đề viết lại : If you don’t V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or ) Raise your hand or I will kill you => If you don’t raise your hand, I will kill you Lƣu ý : Nếu câu có because , so(= that’s why) phải bỏ ( đặt if vào chổ because , so(= that’s why) ngựoc lại ) 1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If…… 2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam If…… 3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car => If…… 4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough => If…… 5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If…… 6) I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If…… 7) He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => If…… 8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If…… 9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => If…… 10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes If…… key1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If he had to study for his exam, he could go out 2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam =>If she were lazy, she could pass the exam 3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car => If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car 4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough => If he didn’t smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough 5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If she weren’t very shy, she would enjoy the party 6) I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If I don’t get a work permit, I won’t stay for another month 7) He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => If he took any exaecises, he were so healthy 8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If we could get the ticket, I would have the right change 9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => If you study hard, you will pass the exam 10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes => If you are impatient, you will make mistakes DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA SO SÁNH HƠN / BẰNG / NHẤT Để làm phần bạn phải nắm vững công thức dạng so sánh tính từ /trạng từ Các dạng đề thường cho : 1) A B B không A Nguyên tắc : Nếu đề cho so sánh ta đổi thành so sánh + phủ định ví dụ : Tom is taller than Mary : Tom cao Mary Mary is => Mary is not nottall as Tom : Mary không cao Tom 2) không A A Nguyên tắc : So sánh => so sánh ví dụ : No one in the class is as tall as Tom: không lớp cao Tom => Tom is => Tom is the tallest in the class Tom cao lớp Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa : 1) Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary => Mary is the … 2) I haven’t written as much as you => You have written… 3) Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s => Mary’s hair was… 4) No student in the school is noisier than I am => I am the … 5) The first film was not as interesting as this one => This film was … 6) This house is not so expensive as that one => That house is the … 7) My dog ate more than your dog => Your dog didn’t … 8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football => Football is …… 9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father => Tom’s father is … 10) Mary is the best cook in this class => No one else … Key Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa : 1) Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary => Mary is the fattest in the class 2) I haven’t written as much as you => You have written more than me 3) Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s => Mary’s hair was longer than Tom's 4) No student in the school is noisier than I am => I am the noisiest student in the school 5) The first film was not as interesting as this one => This film was more interesting than the first one 6) This house is not so expensive as that one => That house is the most expensive house 7) My dog ate more than your dog => Your dog didn’t eat as much as mine 8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football => Football is more exciting than volleyball 9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father => Tom’s father is interested in movies more than Tom 10) Mary is the best cook in this class => No one else in this class cook better than Mary DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƢỜI Các dạng đề thường cho : S + V + ADV => S +BE + (a/an) ADJ + N (ngừoi) Cách làm : - Đổi động từ thành danh từ ngừoi - Đổi trạng từ thành tính từ ,đem đặt trứoc danh từ ví dụ : Tom drives carefully ( Tom lái xe cẩn thận ) => Tom is => Tom is a careful driver.( Tom tài xế cẩn thận ) Một số cách đổi động từ thành danh từ nguời : Thông thường việc thêm ER sau động từ, có số ngoại lệ sau: Study => student Type => typist cycle => cyclist Cook => cook ( không dùng cooker ! ) Play guitar => guitarist Nếu có động từ play + môn chơi thể thao đặt môn chơi trước chữ player: Play football => football player 1) She cooks very well She is a ……… 2) My aunt teaches English very well => My aunt is ……… 3) He cycles very slowly He is……… 4) He types carefully => He is ……… 5) These children are quick runners => These children can …… 6) My father plays soccer very well => My father is a ……… 7) I drive very badly => I am a… 8) She sings very beautifully => She is a……… 9) He works very hard => He is……… 10) Tom swims very fast Tom is ……… Key 1) She cooks very well She is a good cook 2) My aunt teaches English very well => My aunt is a good English teacher 3) He cycles very slowly He is a slow cyclist 4) He types carefully => He is careful typer 5) These children are quick runners => These children can run quickly 6) My father plays soccer very well => My father is a good soccer player 7) I drive very badly => I am a bad driver 8) She sings very beautifully => She is a beautiful singer 9) He works very hard => He is a hard worker 10) Tom swims very fast Tom is a fast swimmer DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA Although/ though despite / in spite of Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ : Although/ though + mệnh đề Despite / in spite of + cụm từ Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ sau: 1) Nếu chủ từ mệnh đề giống nhau: - Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time => Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time 1) Nếu chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ - Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ ,bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy, => Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, 3) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + be + tính từ : - Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be Although He was sick, => Despite / in spite of his sickness, 4) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + động từ + trạng từ - Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Although He behaved impolitely, => Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior , 5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ Hoặc : S + have + N - Thì bỏ there be Although there was an accident , => Despite / in spite of an accident, Công thức áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF BÀI TẬP : Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: 1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well => In spite of …… 2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick Because of …. 3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time => Despite … 4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick => In spite of … 5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home => Because of … 6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad Despite… 7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman => Despite … 8) In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job => Although… 9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep => In spite of …… 10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies => Even though …… Key 1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well => In spite of his poverty, Tom studied very well 2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick =>Because of her sickness, Mary couldn't go to school 3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time => Despite the bad weather, she went to school on time 4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick => In spite of my sickness, my mother told me to go to school 5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home => Because of the big storm, I stayed at home 6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad =>Despite the bad grades, Tom was admitted to the university 7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman => Despite having a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman 8) In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job => Although Tom get good salary, heb gave up his job 9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep => In spite of not having finished the paper, he went to sleep 10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies => Even though the prices are high, my daughter insists on going to the movies ... hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be Although He was sick, => Despite / in spite of his sickness, 4) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + động từ + trạng từ - Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng... chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ - Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ ,bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy, => Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, 3) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + be + tính từ : - Đổi đại từ. .. DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƢỜI Các dạng đề thường cho : S + V + ADV => S +BE + (a/an) ADJ + N (ngừoi) Cách làm : - Đổi động từ thành danh từ ngừoi - Đổi trạng từ thành