Sợi quang tinh thể có lõi chiết suất cao

Sợi quang tinh thể có lõi chiết suất cao

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Basically, a PCF is a photosynthetic fiber composing of silica with air holes parallel to its axles. Unlike conventional fiber, the core and cladding areas of PCFs are made of the same material and it is the air holes that make PCF totally different from other kind of fiber. The variety in the way these air holes are arranged enables PCF to control well the reflection of light between its core and optical crystals within cladding areas and bring about many amazing optical properties as well. Besides the basic properties similar to conventional fiber, PCF possesses a number of distinguished ones such as better speed, bandwidth, and ability to be bent, low level of dispersion, etc. Also, PCF can be in endlesslly single mode, be linear or not, having low differential index, and be able to maintain the polarization. All of these superiorities make PCF the potential substitute for conventional fibers today. At the moment, PCF can be produced with great length and at low depreciation levels. There are two main types of PCF: high-index core fiber and low-index core fiber. In this project, I will focus primarily on high-index core fiber, the one our group has done a lot of research on, reproduced and designed using APSS program. This kind of PCF often has solid core and is composed of pure, not mixed materials. The degree of reflection for conventional fiber is affected by various ordering PDQQHUVRIDLUKROHVHLWKHUDFFRUGLQJWRDFHUWDLQIRUPKH[DJRQDORFWDJRQDO«RU a certain direction (one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional). The difference in the way air holes are ordered creates the differences in the properties of each kind of fibers. A reasonable way of ordering them can produce a PCF with excellent properties. Some samples of PCF with air holes arranged into hexagonal form were imitated in this project (please refer to Reproducing part for more details). http://www.ebook.edu.vn 5 0Ө&/Ө& LӠ,1Ï,ĈҪU 1 7Ï07Ҳ7ĈӖ È1 2 ABSTRACT 4 MӨC LӨC 5 '$1+6È&++Î1+9Ӏ . 8 '$1+6È&+%ҦNG BIӆU 10 '$1+6È&+&È&7Ӯ VIӂT TҲT 11 PHҪN MӢĈҪU . 12 CHѬѪNG 1 - Lé7+8<ӂT TӘNG QUAN Vӄ SӦI QUANG 13 1.1 Nhu cҫXEăQJWK{QJUӝng hiӋn nay . 13 1.2 Giӟi thiӋu chung vӅ sӧi quang 15 1.2.1 Lӏch sӱ SKiWWULӇn sӧi quang 16 ѬXÿLӇm cӫa sӧi quang 17 1.3 Sӵ truyӅQVyQJiQKViQJWURQJVӧi quang . 19 1JX\rQOêWUX\Ӆn dүn 20 1.3.2 SӧLTXDQJYjFiFPRGHWUX\Ӆn dүn 21 &iFSKѭѫQJWUuQK0D[ZHOO 23 &iFSKѭѫQJWUuQKGүQVyQJ 24 6X\KDRYjFiFQJX\rQQKkQJk\VX\KDRWURQJVӧi quang 24 1.4.1: Suy hao hҩp thө . 24 1.4.1.1 Sӵ hҩp thө cӫDFiFWҥp chҩ t kim loҥi . 24 1.4.1.2 Sӵ hҩp thө cӫa ion OH: 25 1.4.1.3 Sӵ hҩp thө bҵng tia cӵFWtPYjKӗng ngoҥi: 26 1.4.2 Suy hao do uӕn cong . 26 6X\KDRGRWiQ[ҥ 26 7iQ[ҥ Rayleigh: 26 7iQ[ҥ do mһWSKkQFiFKJLӳDO}LYjOӟSNK{QJ KRjQKҧo . 27 7iQVҳc trong sӧi quang . 28 1.5.1 HiӋQWѭӧQJQJX\rQQKkQYjҧQKKѭӣng cӫDWiQVҳc 28 &iFORҥLWiQVҳc . 29 7iQVҳc vұt liӋu (material dispersion) . 30 7iQVҳc dүQVyQJZDYHJXLGHGLVSHUVLRQ . 31 7iQVҳFÿѫQVҳc (chromatic dispersion) 32 http://www.ebook.edu.vn 6 7iQVҳc mode (mode dispersion) 32 1.6 SӧLÿѫQPRGHYjÿDPRGH . 32 1.6.1 SӧLÿѫQPRGH606LQJOH0RGH . 32 1.6.2 SӧLÿDPRGH000XOWL0RGH . 33 7¬,/,ӊU THAM KHҦ2&+ѬѪ1* . 35 CHѬѪNG 2 - SӦI QUANG TINH THӆ (PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER) 36 2.1 Giӟi thiӋu sӧi quang tinh thӇ PCF 36 ĈӏQKQJKƭD 36 2.1.2 Lӏch sӱ 37 3KkQORҥLYjWtQKFKҩt mӟi cӫa PCFs 42 3KkQORҥi . 42 2.2.2 Mӝt sӕWtQKFKҩt mӟi cӫa PCFs 43 27tQKFKҩt cӫa sӧi quang tinh thӇ FyO}LFKLӃt suҩt cao . 44 7tQKFKҩt cӫa sӧi quang tinh thӇ FyO}LFKLӃt suҩt cao vӟLFiFOӛ NKtVҳp xӃSFy cҩXWU~F 46 ĈѭӡQJÿһFWtQKGȁ 47 7tQKFKҩWQJѭӥng . 49 2.3.1.3 Suy hao do uӕn cong cӫa PCFs l}LFKLӃt suҩt cao 53 7iQVҳc . 55 7¬,/,ӊU THAM KH Ҧ2&+ѬѪ1* . 57 CHѬѪNG 3 - PHҪN Mӄ00Ð3+ӒNG APSS . 58 (APOLLO PHOTONIC SOLUTIONS SUITE) . 58 3.1 Giӟi thiӋXFiFѭXÿLӇm cӫa phҫn mӅPP{SKӓngAPSS 58 &iFWtQKQăQJFKtQKFӫD$366SKLrQEҧn 2.04 . 59 3.2.1 ChӭFQăQJQәi bұt cӫD$366SKLrQEҧn 2.04 . 59 3.2.2 ChӭFQăQJKѫQKҷn cӫa APSS . 60 3.3 ThiӃt kӃ vӟi APSS . 61 3.3.1 Khӣi tҥo project vұt liӋu 62 3.3.2 Khӣi tҥo project waveguide . 64 3.3.3 Chҥ\P{SKӓng . 68 4XiWUuQKFKҥ\P{SKӓng 73 3.4 KӃt quҧ P{SKӓng 74 3.4.1 Phә iQKViQJ . 74 Ĉӝ WiQVҳc . 77 3.4.3 DiӋQWtFK hiӋu dөng . 79 http://www.ebook.edu.vn 7 7ơ,/,U THAM KH2&+1* . 80 CHNG 4 - 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FTTH (Fiber To The Home cao b )) http://www.ebook.edu.vn tk s t su t cao c c nh IS&T) [1.1] VoD (xem phim , game online, xa IP Camera, VoIP, h (Video Conferrence) G cao http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 14 tk s 2 1.2 t su t cao c Gigabit LAN c nh [1.2] chung i km http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 15 tk s t su t cao c c nh 1.2 ode [1.5] http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 06, 16 tk s Gbps t su t cao c c nh Alcatel- -... tk s t su t cao c c nh 1.4.1.3 1.4.2 t 1.4.3 1.4.3.1 ( 4 anh http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 9 26 tk s t su t cao c c nh (dB/km) 5 4 3 2 1 0,3 0 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 m 1.8 1dB/km - 1.4.3.2 (dB/km) 5 4 3 2 1 0,4 0,25 0 0,8 1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,55 ( m) 9 http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 27 tk s t su t cao c c nh 1.5 1.5.1 t D 2 0 2 i i , 0 http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 28 tk s t su t cao c c nh... 29 tk s 1.5 t su t cao c c nh (material dispersion) 13 http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 30 tk s t su t cao c c nh d (Ps/nm.km) Dmat 16 12 8 Dchr=dmoddwg 4 0 1200 1300 1400 1600 -4 -8 -12 -16 1 mod wg 50 Dmat = M Dmat = 100ps/nm.km x 50nm = 5ns/km 3 cd c th b ng truy n t c ch n cao c do ch t li u kho ng 20ps/nm.km 1.5 cd c kho n trong v http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 31 tk s ph thu t su t cao c ng s lan truy... s t su t cao c c nh tr c ( , , ) nh theo tr c z n m d 1.3.4 quang H th ng t N c c a s i n t truy n lan theo tr = 0( , ) ( ) (1.11) = 0( , ) ( ) (1.12) i gian t trong t 1 z Tham s 1 tr 2 1 2 + 1 2 + 2 V i 2 = 2 T + 1 + 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 + + 2 2 =0 =0 (1.14) 2 y t ng ho (1.13) ch ng m i ho Tuy nh p 1.4 1.4 1.4.1.1 choromiun (Cr), cobar (Co), niken (Ni) http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 24 tk s t su t cao c c nh... Gbps t su t cao c c nh Alcatel- - Lucent 1.2 : T Suy hao S uang http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 17 tk s t su t cao c c nh S ng S S plastic M http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 18 tk s t su t cao c c nh trong linh , sau em 1.3 ba (cladding) (coating) plastic - http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 19 tk s t su t cao c c nh 1.3 1550 nm 1.1 C g theo TCN68-160:1996 c 800 900 nm 850 nm 1260 1360 nm 1310 nm 1430 1580 nm 1550... http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 20 tk s N u Khi 1 > < 2 = 90 t su t cao c n ng song v i m t ti ti p t cg ph n x n nh lu ih n = s ph n u ih n n x Hi n > D c nh 2 1 c ch t o g m m ng th t su t 2 ng th v i 1 > t su t 1, l p 2 5 1.3.2 (Step index - SI) c) http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 21 tk s t su t cao c c nh - GI) 1310nm, 1550nm http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 22 tk s t su t cao c c nh 1.3.3 = (1.1) = (1.2) =0 (1.3) =0 (1.4)... 1.6.1 (SM: Single Mode) http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 32 tk s t su t cao c c nh 9 m 125 m n1 0,3% n2 3 m 10 m m = 0,003 = 0,3% 1 = 1,46 1.6.2 50/125 m m m = 0,01 = 1% http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 33 tk s t su t cao c 1 c nh 1,46 50 m 50 m 125 m 125 m n1 n1 n2 a) S i SI n2 n1 n2 n1 1% b) S i GI 4 http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 34 tk s t su t cao c c nh T [1.1] http://frankmccown.blogspot.com/2007/11/more-bandwidth-at-harding.html,... http://www.alcatellucent.com/wps/portal/newsreleases/detail?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_R esource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2009/News_Articl e_001797.xml&lu_lang_code=en, truy nh http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 35 2 2.1 quang (PC - Photonic Crystal) ttrong PCF - Photonic Crystal Fiber, Photonic Crystal Fibre hay g http://www.ebook.edu.vn K50 36