Ngữ pháp tiếng anh toàn tập_Ôn thi tôt ngiệp THPT Quốc gia

http://thuyquynh.violet.vn BÀI MỞ ĐẦU ĐỘNG TỪ VERB Động từ dùng để làm hành động cho chủ từ Để phân biệt loại động từ (kinds of verbs), quan sát sơ đồ đây: Auxiliary verb : (do, have, be) Special verb : Verb : Modal verb : (must, can, may, might, could, should …) Regular verb : (open, close, clean, remember…) Ordinary verb : Irregular verb : (run, write, speak, drive…) Động từ tiếng Anh có hai loại: động từ đặc biệt (special verb) động từ thường (ordinary verb) (1) Động từ đặc biệt gồm có: * Động từ trợ (auxiliary verb) : be (dùng để chia tiếp diễn, thể thụ động), have (dùng để chia hoàn thành), (dùng để chia thể phủ đònh nghi vấn) - He is working hard this month (thì tiếp diễn) - The house was built five years ago (thể thụ động) - He has learned English for two years (thì hoàn thành) - Do you like tea ? (thể nghi vấn) - She does not like coffee (thể phủ đònh) * Động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verb) : cần phải có động theo sau - We must study hard - He can play the piano Đặc điểm chung động từ đặc biệt đổi sang thể phủ đònh ta cần thêm NOT vào sau động từ đổi sang thể nghi vấn ta đưa động từ đầu câu - He is not working hard this month - Is he working hard this month ? - He has not found his book - Have you seen her yet ? - She cannot swim - Should we go there ? BTQN http://thuyquynh.violet.vn (2) Động từ thường gồm có : * Động từ có qui tắc (regular verb) : động từ thành lập khứ đơn (simple past) hay khứ phân từ (past paticiple) ta cần thêm –ED vào sau động từ - I opened the door this morning (simple past ) - I have opened the door (past participle) * Động từ bất qui tắc (irregular verb) : động từ có hình thức khứ (xem cột bảng động từ bất qui tắc) khứ phân từ (xem cột 3) riêng to go went gone to write wrote written to run ran run to hit hit hit - He went to the cinema last night (simple past ) - He has gone out (past participle) Động từ thường có chung đặc điểm đổi sang thể phủ đònh nghi vấn ta phải dùng động từ trợ “to do” Ta thêm NOT vào sau động từ trợ thể phủ đònh đưa động từ trợ đầu câu thể nghi vấn - He did not go to the pub last night - Did he go to the cinema last night ? - I not like tea - Do you enjoy classical music ? - She does not know the answer - Does he understand the lesson ? * Động từ “to do” vừa động từ thường vừa động từ trợ - He does his homework (động từ thường) - He does not understand the lesson (động từ trợ) BTQN http://thuyquynh.violet.vn Bài 1: CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ (THE USE OF TENSES) Thì biểu thò thời gian trạng thái hành động diễn đạt động từ Có 12 dạng chủ động động từ tiếng Anh Để hiểu hình thái thì, ta nghiên cứu cách chia động từ TO WORK bảng : Present Simple Continuous Perfect - I (You / We / They) work - He (She / It) works - I am working - He (She / It) is working - You (We / They) are working - I (He / She / It) was working - You (We / They) were working - I (We) shall be working - You (He / She / It / They) will be working - I (You / We / They) have worked - He (She / It) has worked - I (You / He / She / It / We / They) had worked - I (You / We / They) have been working - He ( She / It) has been working - I (You / He / She / It / We / They) had been working - I (We) shall have worked - You (He / She / it / They) will have worked - I (We) shall have been working - You (He / She / It / They) will have been working Past - I (You / He / She / It / We / They) worked Future - I (We) shall work - You (He / She / it / They) will work * Perfect continuous SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT VÀ THÌ PRESENT CONTINUOUS Tiếng Anh có hai mà đa số em học sinh hay lẫn lộn cách sử dụng Đó đơn (Simple Present) tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) BTQN http://thuyquynh.violet.vn * Thì Simple Present dùng để hành động diễn thời gian nói chung, không thiết phải thời gian Thời gian nói chung thời gian mà việc diễn ngày (every day), tuần (every week), tháng (every month), năm (every year), mùa (every spring / summer / autumn / winter)… - He goes to school every day - Mrs Brown travels every summer * Thì Present Continuous dùng để hành động xảy (a current activity) hay việc làm (now/ at present/ at this moment), hôm (today), tuần (this week), năm (this year)… - We are learning English now - Mary is playing the piano at the moment Hãy so sánh : - I work in a bakery every day - I’m working in a bakery this week * CHÚ Ý : (1) + Thì Simple Present thường dùng với động từ tri giác (verbs of perception) : feel, see, hear… động từ trạng thái : know, understand, mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe… + Ngoài dùng Simple Present với động từ : be, appear, belong, have to… + Thì Simple Present dùng với trạng từ tần suất lập lập lại (adverbs of frequency) : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, generally, rarely, never… - That child needs care - This book belongs to me - He never comes late + Chúng ta dùng Simple Present để chân lý hay thật hiển nhiên (a general truth) - The sun rises in the east - Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom (2) Thì Present Continuous dùng để hành động tương lai gần (a near future action) thường với trạng từ tương lai : tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next summer… BTQN http://thuyquynh.violet.vn Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense 1/ I (have) coffee for breakfast every day 2/ My brother (work) in a shoe store this summer 3/ The student (look) _ up that new word now 4/ She (go) to school every day 5/ We (do) this exercise at the moment 6/ Miss Helen (read) _ a newspaper now 7/ It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now 8/ Bad students never (work) hard 9/ He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish 10/ We seldom (eat) before 6.30 11/ She sometimes (buy) _ vegetables at his market 12/ Be quiet The baby (sleep) 13/ We always (do) _ our exercises carefully 14/ Look A man (run) _ after the train He (want) _ to catch it 15/ It (be) very cold now 16/ John (travel) to England tomorrow 17/ I (need) some money for my textbooks 18/ Tom (like) to go to the museums 19/ Mary (love) ice-cream 20/ My mother (cook) _ some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the mornings 21/ I often (leave) the city at weekends 22/ The guests (watch) the TV programmes now 23/ I (see) _ you (wear) _ your best clothes 24/ The sun (set) _ in the west 25/ My friend (study) English for an hour every night 26/ Listen I (hear) _ someone knocking at the front door 27/ I (do) an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) that I (know) how to use it now 28/ Honesty (be) the best policy BTQN http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 29/ The earth (goes) round the sun 30/ Two and two (make) four *2 SO SÁNH THÌ PRESENT PERFECT VÀ THÌ SIMPLE PAST * Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) dùng để khứ không rõ thời điểm liên lạc với * Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) dùng để khứ có thời điểm rõ rệt cắt đứt với + CHÚ Ý : (1) Thì Present Perfect thường với từ : up to now, up to the present, so far (cho tới nay), not … yet (vẫn chưa), for, since, ever (đã từng), never, several times (nhiều lần), just (vừa), recently (vừa mới), lately (mới đây) - Have you ever seen a tiger ? - The train has not arrived yet - We have lived here for years - The bell has just rung (2) * Thì Simple Past thường với tiếng thời gian khứ xác đònh : yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last summer, ago - We came here a month ago - He went to the cinema yesterday * Thì Simple Past dùng để chuỗi hành động xảy khứ - He closed all the windows, locked the doors and then went out Exercise II : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense 1/ We (never watch) that TV programme 2/ We (wacth) a good programme on TV last night 3/ He (read) that novel many times before 4/ He (read) that novel again during my last vacation 5/ I (have) a little trouble with my car last week 6/ However, I (have) no trouble with my car since then BTQN http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 7/ I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him weeks ago 8/ The school bell (ring) We must go now 9/ I (meet) Mary last night She (become) a very big girl 10/ He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning 11/ It is very hot Summer (come) 12/ They (study) at this school for years now 13/ They (begin) to study at this school years ago 14/ Since when (you know) _ her ? 15/ How long ago (he start) to learn French ? 16/ She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning 17/ My mother (be) in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet 18/ His dog (just run) out of the garden 19/ Mr Brown (travel) by air several times in the past 20/ He (travel) _ to Mexico by air last summer * SO SÁNH THÌ PRESENT PERFECT VÀ THÌ PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) dùng để kết tình trạng (the result of the present state), việc xảy khứ không rõ thời điểm, lập lập lại nhiều lần kéo dài đến + Thì Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) dùng để tiếp diễn hành động (the continuity of an action) - I have been waiting for two hours, but she has not come yet - He has been living here since 1975 - We have been working in the garden all morning + Thì Present Perfect Continuous dùng với động từ : lie, wait, sit, stand, study, learn, live, rest, stay… - They have been learning English since 1995 - The chair has been lying in the store window for ages BTQN http://thuyquynh.violet.vn Exercise III : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense 1/ I (try) to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) yet 2/ She (read) _ all the works of Dickens.How many (you read) _ ? 3/ I (wait) here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; you think she (forget) to come ? 4/ Mary (rest) in the garden all day because she (be) ill 5/ Although John (study) at the University for years, he (not get) his degree yet 6/ Jack (go) to Switzerland for a holiday He (never, be) there 7/ We (live) here for the last six months, and (just, decide) to move 8/ That book ( lie) on the table for weeks You (not read) _ it yet ? 9/ He (not be) _ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) since then 10/ He (lose) _ his books He (look) for them all afternoon, but they (not turn up) _ yet 11/ She (work) _ so hard this week that she (not have) _ time to go to the cinema 12/ Your hair is wet (You swim) for a long time ? 13/ Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive) cars for six years 14/ You look very tired (You work) very hard ? 15/ The phone (ring) for minutes, but I (not answer) it yet Exercise IV : Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses 1/ I (be) sorry I (forget) that fellow’s name already 2/ Jack (look) forward to his vacation next June 3/ I (have) no trouble with my english lessons up to now 4/ Mr and Mrs Brown (be) _ in New York for months 5/ Michael (work) 38 hours a week BTQN http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 6/ At present, that author (write) _ a novel 7/ George (do) good work in this class so far 8/ The weather( generally, get) hot in July 9/ You must wake her up She (sleep) soundly for 10 hours 10/ Listen! I (think) someone (knock) at the front door 11/ How long (you learn) English? 12/ That student (know) all the new words very well now 13/ Alice (lose) her Vienamese-English dictionary 14/ Fred (just, graduate) from Oxford University 15/ The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days 16/ That grandfather clock (stand) there for as long as I can remember 17/ That brown briefcase (belong) to Dr.Rice 18/ Jim (work) on his report this year 19/ Robert (wait) for you since noon 20/ That museum (stand) _ here for ceturies 21/ The sun (get) very hot during the afternoon 22/ Tom (buy) _ a new car next week 23/ The boys and girls (go) _ home after this lesson 24/ Davis (play) football every afternoon 25/ Up to the present, we (write) almost every lesson in this book * SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST VÀ THÌ PAST CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) dùng để hành động ngắn (thình lình) xảy khứ - I met him in the street yesterday + Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) dùng để hành động kéo dài khứ tương ứng với hành động khác khứ - I met him while he was crossing the street - She was going home when she saw an accident + Thì Past Continuous diễn tả hành động kéo dài điểm thời gian xác đònh khứ hai hành động liên tiếp song song với BTQN http://thuyquynh.violet.vn - My father was watching TV at o’clock last night - I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV Exercise V : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense 1/ He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him 2/ When I (go) out, the sun (shine) 3/ The light (go) out while I (have) tea 4/ When it (rain) , she(carry) an umbrella 5/ We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain 6/ He (teach) English for months when he (live) in Germany and (work) as a journalist 7/ The house (burn) fast, so we (break) the window to get out 8/ He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him 9/ The servant (drop) two cups while she (wash up) last night; neither of them (break) 10/ While I (write) a letter, the telephone (ring) ; as he (go) to answer it, he (hear) a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) while he (walk) to the door, but just as he (open) it, it (stop) * SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST VÀ THÌ PAST PERFECT + Thì Past Perfect (Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành) dùng để hành động xảy trước hành động khác khứ (past action) - When he had finished his work, he went home - By the time I arrived at the station, the train had gone + Thì Past Perfect diễn tả hành động xảy trước điểm thời gian xác đònh khứ - By 10 o’clock last night, I had gone to bed Exercise VI : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense 1/ They (go) home after they (finish) their work 2/ He (do) _ nothing before he (see) _ me 3/ He (thank) me for what I (do) for him BTQN 10 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn - It was a lovely day There wasn’t a cloud in the sky - Don’t sit in that armchair It’s broken.(nhưng Don’t sit on that chair.) at the top at the bottom at the end of the street at the corner of the street at the back at the front at the bus stop at the door - Who is that man standing at the door ? - Write your name at the top of the page - Jack’s house is a white one at the end of the street - There’s a telephone box at / on the corner of the street Nhưng : - The television is in the corner of the room on the ceiling on a board on the left on an island on the wall on a shelf on the right on the coast on the floor on a chair on the ground on a road on a page on your nose on the beach on the way - In Britain we drive on the left.(…on the left-hand side.) - Our flat is on the second floor of the building - Tom spent his holiday on a small island off the coast of Scotland [C] : Giới từ theo sau tính từ : (Prepositions following Adjectives.) Có số tính từ mà theo sau chúng buộc phải có giới từ đònh (theo cấu trúc Adjective + preposition) Hãy học thuộc lòng nhóm tính từ : * nice / kind / good / generous / mean / stupid / silly / intelligent / clever / (im)polite / rude / unreasonable OF someone (to something) : - Thank you It was very kind of you to help me - It’s stupid of her to go out without a coat She’ll catch cold Nhưng : (to be) nice / kind / good / generous / mean/ (im)polite / rude/ (un)pleasant / (un)friendly / cruel TO someone : - She’s always been very nice to me - Why were you so rude to Ann? * angry / annoyed / furious ABOUT something angry / annoyed / furious WITH someone FOR doing something - What are you so angry about ? - They were furious with me for not inviting them to the party * delighted / pleased / satisfied / disappointed WITH something : - I was pleased with the present you gave me - Were you disappointed with your examination results? BTQN 94 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn * bored / fed up WITH something : - You get bored with doing the same thing every day * surprised / shocked / amazed / astonished AT / BY something - Everybody was very surprised at the news * excited / worried / upset ABOUT something : - Are you excited about going on holiday next week ? - Ann is upset about not being invited to the party * afraid / frightened / terrified / scared OF someone / something : - “Are you afraid of dogs ?” – “Yes, I’m terrified of them.” * proud / ashamed OF someone / something : - I’m not ashamed of what I did In fact I’m quite proud of it.” * jealous / envious / suspicious OF someone / something : - Why are you always jealous of other paople? - He didn’t trust me He was suspicious of my intentions * aware / conscious OF something : - “Did you know they were married ?” – “No, I wasn’t aware of that.” * good / bad / excellent / brilliant / hopeless AT (doing) something : - I’m good at repairing things * married / engaged TO someone : - Linda is married to an American * sorry ABOUT something : - I’m sorry about the noise last night We were having a party Nhưng : sorry FOR doing something : - I’m sorry for shouting at you yesterday Nhưng cách nói dùng thường : I’m sorry I … - I’m sorry I shouted at you yesterday * (feel / be) sorry FOR someone : - I feel sorry for George He’s got no friends and no money * impressed BY / WITH something : - I wasn’t very impressed by the film * famous FOR something : - Florence is famous for its art treasures BTQN 95 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn * responsible (TO someone) FOR something : - Who was responsible for all that noise last night ? - I’ll be responsible to the principal for my teaching * different FROM (or TO) someone / something : - The film was quite different from what I expected * interested IN something : - Are you interested in art and architecture? * capable / incapable OF something : - I’m sure you are capable of passing the examination * fond OF someone / something : - Mary is very fond of animals She has three cats and two dogs * full OF something : - The letter I wrote was full of mistakes * short OF something : - I’m a bit short of money Can you lend me some? * tired OF something : - Come on, let’s go I’m tired of waiting * keen ON something : - We stayed at home because Ann wasn’t very keen on going out in the rain * similar TO something : - Your handwriting is similar to mine * crowded WITH (people) : - The city centre was crowded with tourists Tuy nhiên, có vài tính từ mà theo sau chúng giới từ khác nghóa chúng khác nhau: - Swimming is good for health (Bơi lội có lợi cho sức khoẻ ) - Jack is good at Japanese (Jack giỏi tiếng Nhật) - Mary is very good with her hands (Mary khéo tay) - Mr Brown is good to all of us (ông Brown tử tế với tất chúng tôi) EXERCISE I : Put in the correct prepositions: at, on or in BTQN 96 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 1/ The course begins January and ends 10 March 2/ I went to bed midnight and got up 6.30 the next morning 3/ Mozart was born Salzburg 1756 4/ There are usually a lot of parties New Year’s Eve 5/ Mary and Henry always go out for a meal their wedding anniversary 6/ The price of electricity is going up October 7/ I might not be at home the morning Can you phone the afternoon ? 8/ Tom doesn’t see his parents very often these days – usually only Christmas and sometimes the summer for a few days 9/ Tom’s grandfather died 1977 the age of 79 10/ I’m going out to some shopping I’ll be back half an hour 11/ The doorbell and the telephone rang the same time 12/ Do you fancy going to the cinema Friday night ? 13/ Hurry up We’ve got to go five minutes 14/ Are you doing anything special the weekend ? 15/ Carol got married 17, which is rather young to get married EXERCISE II : Complete these sentences with in, at or on 1/ Turn left the traffic lights 2/ You’ll find the cups the top shelf 3/ It can be dangerous when children play football the street 4/ We got stuck in a traffic jam the way to the airport 5/ Ann’s brother lives a small village _ the south coast of England BTQN 97 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 6/ Paris is the river Seine 7/ Do you take sugar your coffee ? 8/ Mr Brown’s office is the first floor When you come out of the lift, it’s the third door your left 9/ Look at those beautiful horses that field 10/ I’ll meet you the corner of the street 10 o’clock 11/ I can’t find Tom this photogragh Is he it ? 12/ You’ll find the sports results the back page of the newspaper 13/ I didn’t see you the party Saturday Where were you ? 14/ Tom’s bed ill He wasn’t work today He was home 15/ I haven’t seen Ken for some time I last saw him Dave’s wedding 16/ Paul is a student London University 17/ The exhibition the art gallery finished Saturday afternoon 18/ What time did you arrive London ? 19/ When we arrived London Station, there was a long queue outside 20/ He speaks quite good French He studied Paris for a year EXERCISE III: Supply the correct prepositions 1/ It’s very nice you to let me use your car Thank you very much 2/ Why are you always so rude your parents ? Can’t you be nice them ? 3/ It wasn’t polite him to leave without saying thank you 4/ I don’t understand people who are cruel animals 5/ Why you always get so annoyed little things ? BTQN 98 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 6/ The people next door are annoyed us making so much noise last night 7/ We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed the hotel 8/ I was surprised the way he behaved It was quite out of character 9/ She doesn’t often go out at night She’s afraid the dark 10/ I’ve been trying to learn Spanish but I’m not satisfied my progress 11/ Jill starts her new job on Monday She’s quite excited it 12/ I was shocked what you said You should be ashamed yourself 13/ Did you know that Linda is engaged a friend of mine ? 14/ I had never seen so many people before I was astonished the crowds 15/ Bill has been doing the same job for too long He’s bored it 16/ These days everybody is aware the dangers of smoking 17/ Are you still upset what I said to you yesterday ? 18/ She’s quite nice but I wouldn’t like to be married her 19/ I’m hopeless repairing things 20/ I’m not very good tennis food 21/ I’d rather not go to an Indian restaurant I’m not very keen Indian 22/ I’m sorry the smell in this room It’s just been painted 23/ The police are responsible maintaining law and order 24/ Ann is very fond her younger brother 25/ Britain certainly isn’t famous its food 26/ This place is always very lively at night It’s usually crowded people BTQN 99 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 27/ That man’s very honest He isn’t capable telling a lie 28/ Our house is similar theirs – I think ours is a bit larger 29/ I felt sorry the children when we went on holiday.It rained very hard and we had to spend most of the time indoors 30/ Bill and I come from the same town but my accent is different his EXERCISE IV : Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions : Mr Smith is very kind us He is different his wife We are pleased the result of our work We are confident the success Most people are afraid snakes Our country is rich natural resources Hue city is famous its historical vestiges My mother is always busy her housework Dirty air is harmful our health 10 We are proud our people’s heroic tradition 11 The teacher’s advice is profitable the students 12 The streets are crowded vehicles at the rush hour 13 The climate of our city is favourable agriculture 14 The air at the seaside is good health 15 My friend is good maths and physics 16 John is skilful dancing 17 This opportunity is lucky us BTQN 100 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 18 I’m not accquainted those fellows 19 Mr Smith is not accustomed hot weather 20 Your words are contrary your acts 21 My home is far school 22 He is sad his son’s laziness 23 Many young people want to be independent their parents 24 We are grateful our teacher 25 I’m interested current events 26 Your profession is similar mine 27 This chemical is dangerous humans 28 This work is not suitable him 29 Her voice sounds familiar me 30 This student is eager study 31 My house is next the post office 32 This man is greedy fame 33 I was absent class yesterday 34 Children are fond candies 35 The beach is full tourists in summer 36 We are present the lecture yesterday 37 We must hurry, otherwise we should be late school 38 Air is necessary life 39 He is friendly everybody BTQN 101 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 40 This sweater will keep your safe the cold Bài 13 : CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU (TRANSFORMATION) Cách biến đổi câu cách ta viết lại câu theo cấu trúc (thường cho trước) mà không thay đổi nghóa câu ban đầu * Ví dụ : Hãy viết lại câu sau : - He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill  Because of…… Theo ví dụ trên, ta viết lại câu “Because of…” , có nghóa ta biến mệnh đề “ he was ill” thành cụm từ, sau “because of” ta phải dùng cụm từ Như vậy, câu viết lại :  Because of his illness, he didn’t go to school yesterday Hoặc  Because of being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday Hoặc  Because of his being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday * Ví dụ : Hãy viết lại câu sau : - They built that house a century ago  That house…… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại bắt đầu “That house” – túc từ – có nghóa ta viết lại câu dạng bò động (passive voice) Như vậy, câu viết lại sau : BTQN 102 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn  That house was built a century ago * Ví dụ : Hãy viết lại câu sau : - He didn’t go out because he didn’t have time  If…… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại bắt đầu “If”, có nghóa ta viết lại câu thành câu điều kiện thật khứ (loại 3) động từ khứ Câu viết lại sau :  If he had had time, he would have gone out * Ví dụ : Hãy viết lại câu sau : - The last time I saw her was five years ago  I haven’t………… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại hoàn thành câu bắt đầu “I haven’t……”  I haven’t seen her for five years (ago không dùng hoàn thành, nên ta dùng for để thay thế.) * Ví dụ : Hãy viết lại câu sau : - His house is bigger than mine  My house isn’t……… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại chuyển thành dạng so sánh thể phủ đònh  My house isn’t as big as his Hay My house isn’t so big as his (house) EXERCISE I: Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings: 1/ His father is taller than his mother - His mother is not _ 2/ Tom didn’t come to the party Ann didn’t come to the party, either - Neither Tom _ 3/ Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time - In spite of _ 4/ If you have a car, you are able to travel around more easily - Having a car enables 5/ The sudden noise caused me to jump - The sudden noise made _ 6/ My father said I could use his car - My father allowed 7/ She wouldn’t allow me to read the letter BTQN 103 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn - She wouldn’t let _ 8/ Tom is ill He became ill three days ago - Tom has _ 9/ I can’t give up smoking, but I’d like to - I wish 10/ She often writes to him and he often writes to her - They 11/ If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late - Unless _ 12/ Jane is a better cook than Mary - Mary can’t 13/ Jack is too young to get married - Jack is not _ 14/ I don’t really want to go to the museum - I’d rather 15/ Despite taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert - Although 16/ She made herself ill because she worked very hard - She worked so 17/ The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down - It was such _ 18/ Nobody can solve this problem - This problem _ 19/ The man injured in the accident was taken to the hospital - The man who _ 20/ That girl is very beautiful - What 21/ Bill is not old enough to drive a car - Bill is too _ 22/ His house is not as comfortable as hers BTQN 104 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn - Her house is _ 23/ It is said that he is 108 years old - He is said 24/ Tom said : “I’m feeling ill.” - Tom said that _ 25/ I got all the information I need from Tom - Tom provided _ 26/ Ann said to Bill : “Don’t forget to have your appoinment with Mr.Brown.” - Ann reminded _ 27/ They don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly - If _ 28/ She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money - If _ 29/ She was very stupid when she went out in the rain - It was 30/ I am always nervous when I travel by air - Travelling by air _ 31/ The last time I saw her was in 1985 - I haven’t _ 32/ That meal was excellent - How 33/ That factory is producing more and more pollution - More and more pollution 34/ We must leave now or we’ll miss the train - If _ 35/ She is a faster and more careless driver than I am - She drives 36/ How old you think this building is ? - When you think _ 37/ He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Jane to his party BTQN 105 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn - He wishes 38/ This furniture is so old that it is not worth keeping - This is _ 39/ We spent five hours getting to London - It _ 40/ When I arrived in London, I wrote a letter home - On 41/ I hope to see you at Christmas - I’m looking forward _ 42/ I’ve never seen such a mess in my life - Never in my life 43/ Don’t try to escape It’s no use - It’s no use 44/ It won’t be difficult to get a ticket for the concert - You won’t have any 45/ Whose is this handbag ? - Who _ EXERCISE II : Rewrite these sentences as directed : The number of discontented young men is increasing considerably The reason for situation is that they haven’t been given vocational guidance at home or in the school (Combine these two sentences, using “The reason why ”) He doesn’t speak much English Only _ words (Use an adjective of quantity) Adolescents haven’t been give vocational guidance at home or in the school (change to the Active voice) Most school leavers are badly prepared for employment They know very little about their future work (Use “so that” to combine them) Seldom did people travel far from home years ago (Use the ordinary word order) My brother is a factory worker He talked with you yesterday (Combine into one sentence) That scientific discovery was so important that it has affected every man’s way of life ever since BTQN 106 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn (Use “such” instead of “so”) She asked him, “Do you like your job ?” (Write in the Reported speech) The students have suggested that they should be given more employment guidance (Use Gerund as Object) 10 He was given a gift So were you (Join into one sentence, using “as well as”) 11 My sister has already got married So has my brother (Join into one sentence, using “both and”) 12 I don’t have any interesting book I can’t lend you any (Reduce into one sentence, using an infinitive instead of a clause) 13 They desire to have good jobs (Use a noun instead of verb “desire”) 14 What you (do) if you had attended the meeting ? (Supply the correct verb form) 15 Mr Nam is an experienced doctor He saved my brother from death (Combine into one sentence, using Relative pronoun) EXERCISE III: Rewrite these sentences as directed : Because of his love for teaching, David would continue his teaching career (Use “because” instead of “because of”) Upon completion of his apprenticeship at the construction company, he worked for a small garage to get more experience (Use an Adverb clause instead of a prepositional phrase) Only when they have chosen a right career can they devote themselves to their jobs (Use the ordinary order) He was given a chance to stay on at this garage for six more months to see how he got on (Change to the Active voice) It always requires of man best efforts to overcome every difficulty in life (Use a gerund as Subject) This maths problem is too difficult He can’t solve it (Reduce into one sentence, using an infinitive instead of a clause) She hasn’t done her homework I haven’t done my homework (Join into one sentence, using “Neither nor”) She has little knowledge of English Grammar (Transform the sentence using a verb instead of the knowledge) Do you want to play football ? (Use “enjoy” instead of “want”) 10 She worked hard so she got high wages (Make a conditional sentence contrary to this fact) 11 It doesn’t rain enough The plants don’t grow properly (Combine into one sentence, using “enough to”) 12 “How long will it take us to go to My Tho by car ?” I don’t know it (Combine into one sentence, using an indirect question) BTQN 107 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 13 She said she didn’t mind rode her bicycle to school (Use a gerund as Object of he verb) 14 Some people think that it would be hard work to conserve natural resources (Use a gerund as Subject) 15 He paid little attention to his teacher’s explanation (Make a question of quantity) BTQN 108 [...]... (come) this afternoon, he (bring) his friends 3/ I (speak) _ to you about that matter after the meeting tonight 4/ By the time you (receive) this letter, we (cross) the Atlantic Ocean 5/ By this time next week, you (meet) my boyfriend, Ali 6/ I (wait) for you right here when you (come) out of the building 7/ She (wait) for you at 5 o’clock this afternoon... When he grew old he often (think) of all the things he (do) _ when he (be) young BTQN 16 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 23/ When we (go) to see them last night, they (play) cards; they (say) they (play) since six o’clock 24/ This is the second time you (break) a cup; you (break) one yesterday My last servant (never break) anything, and you (break)... thời gian ở tương lai - The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing - By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years + Để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động, chúng ta dùng thì Future Perfect Continuous (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) - By the time you receive this letter, we shall have been travelling through Russia - By next June, they will have been working in this... (help) _ us fix the car, but I think she knows even less than we do 13/ They’ve been married for twenty years now but I don’t think she (marry) _ him if she (know) _ what a selfish man he was 14/ Children spend too much time watching television and playing computer games I’m sure they (be) _ happier if they (spend) _ more time playing outside 15/ James has everything he wants but he’s always... go on a long holiday this year → 3/ He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task → 4/ I’ll have to work this Sunday, so I shan’t join your picnic → 5/ He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt → 6/ City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive... http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 5/ Mr Smith (teach) _ at this university since 1985 6/ Not much (say) _ about the matter since last week 7/ He (borrow) _ the money from her two weeks ago 8/ A new textbook (publish) _ by that company next year 9/ Everything (go) _ well so far There (be) _ no trouble yet 10/ Who the book (write) _ by ? 11/ Think carefully I’m sure you (remember) _ his... hoàn toàn không thực hiện được hoặc không xảy ra trong quá khứ 2/ Thì của động từ : If-clause Past perfect Main clause Perfect Conditional (Should/ would have + past participle) - If he had had a lot of money, he would have bought a bigger house - I would have taken you to the movie if you had come to see me yesterday BTQN 20 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn * “If” có thể được lược bỏ đi nếu có sự đảo ngữ. .. EXERCISE VI : The following sentences are first, second or third conditional Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form BTQN 24 http://thuyquynh.violet.vn 1/ We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible If it (be) … had been … a nice day, we (go) … would have gone … for a picnic 2/ Why don’t you explain everything to him ? If you (not tell) _ him the truth, I’m sure you... delighted And I think she’s got a good chance of getting it 10/ Fortunately the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty It (be) _ a disaster if it (happen) _ in the middle of the day 11/ The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down If they (break down) _ again, it is possible that there (be) _ a war between the two countries 12/ If Alison (know) _ anything about... SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE FUTURE VÀ THÌ FUTURE CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Future (Tương Lai Đơn) diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra (có hoặc không có thời gian xác đònh ở tương lai); còn thì Future Continuous (Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn) diễn tả một hành động liên tiến tại điểm thời gian xác đònh ở tương lai - He will go to the stadium next Sunday - We will / shall have the final test Hãy so sánh : - I will eat breakfast ... http://thuyquynh.violet.vn * Thì Simple Present dùng để hành động diễn thời gian nói chung, không thi t phải thời gian Thời gian nói chung thời gian mà việc diễn ngày (every day), tuần (every week), tháng (every... Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác đònh dùng tiền vò từ tiếng xác đònh : thường danh từ riêng người hay đòa danh (Mr Brown, Vietnam…), danh từ với tính từ đònh (this, that…) hay tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her,... is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning 11/ It is very hot Summer (come) 12/ They (study) at this school for years now 13/ They (begin) to study at this school