Basic Grammar for 12(Hien LTV)

1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 be:am/is/are beat become begin bind bite blow break bring build buy catch choose come cost cut draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forbid forget freeze get give go grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay Irregular verbs Was/were, Been Beat Beaten Became Become Began Begun Bound Bound Bit Bitten Blew Blown Broke Broken Brought Brought Built Built Bought Bought Caught Caught Chose Chosen Came Come Cost Cost Cut Cut Did Done Drew Drawn Drank Drunk Drove Driven Ate Eaten Fell Fallen Fed Fed Felt Felt Fought Fought Found Found Flew Flown Forbad(e) Forbidden Forgot Forgetten Froze Frozen Got Got/gotten Gave Given Went Gone Grew Grown Hung Hung Had Had Heard Heard Hid Hidden Hit Hit Held Held Hurt Hurt Kept Kept Knew Known Laid Laid Là,thì,ở,bò,được Đánh Trở nên Bắt đầu Trói,buộc,bám Cắn Thổi Làm gãy,làm vỡ Mang lại Xây dựng Mua Bắt Chọn lựa Đến Trò giá Chặt, cắt Làm Vẽ Uống Lái xe Ăn Rơi,té Cho ăn Cảm thấy Chiến đấu Tìm thấy Bay Cấm Quên Đông lạnh Bò,được,trở nên Cho Đi Trồng,mọc,phát triển Treo,mắc Có Nghe Che giấu,ẩn nấp Đụng,đánh Cầm,nắm,giữ Làm đau Giữ Biết Đặt,để 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 lead leave lend let lie lose make meet overcome pay put read ride ring rise run say see seek sell send shake shine shoot show sing sleep speak sit spend stand steal strike swim swing take teach tear tell think throw understand wake wear win Led Left Lent Let Lay Lost Made Met Overcame Paid Put Read Rode Rang Rose Ran Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Shook Shone Shot Showed Sang Slept Spoke Sat Spent Stood Stole Struke Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Told Thought Threw Understood Woke Wore Won Led Left Lent Let Lain Lost Made Met Overcome Paid Put Read Ridden Rung Risen Run Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Shaken Shone Shot Shown Sung Slept Spoken Sat Spent Stood Stolen Struke Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn Told Thought Thrown Understood Woken Worn Won Dẫn,dắt Rời khỏi,để lại Cho mượn Để cho Nằm Mất,thua,lỗ Làm,chế tạo Gặp Khắc phục,vượt qua Trả tiền Đặt,để Đọc Cửi(ngựa,xe đạp) Rung(chuông) Mọc Chạy Nói Thấy Tìm đến Bán Gửi Rung,lắc Chiếu sáng Bắn Chỉ,cho xem Hát Ngủ Nói Ngồi Trãi qua,tiêu xài Đứng Ăn cắp Đánh Bơi Đung đưa,lúc lắc Lấy,đưa,dẫn Dạy Xé Kể,bảo Suy nghó Ném,liệng Hiểu Thức giấc Mặc,mang,đội Thắng,đoạt 90 write Wrote Written viết Luong the vinh high school===========Ng÷ phap TiÕng Anh c¬ b¶n dµnh cho häc sinh líp 12===========teacher : vu thi thu hien I Verb tenses : ( Th× ®éng tõ ) VI.Reported Speech ( c©u Gi¸n TiÕp) III.Passive Voice ( C©u BÞ §éng ) Present simple : S + is/am/are ( not) Direct Speech Reported speech C§ : S + V + O ( + A ®Þa ®iĨm/ thêi gian ) Vo/s/es ( p®: don’t/doesn’t + Vo ) Vo/s/es V-ed/cét *DHNB : always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, every… Is/am/are + V-ing Was/were + V-img B§ => S + be-PII + by O Present continuous : S + is/am/are + V-ing *V-ed /cét (* Note : A ®Þa ®iĨm + by O + A t.gian) * DHNB : now, at the moment, right now Sau c©u c¶m th¸n : * has/have + PII Had + PII Look! , Hurry up! , Listen! ,… Will Would Active voice Pasive Voice Present Perfect : S + has/have (not) + PII Can Could HT§ S + is/am/are + PII ( by O) * DHNB: since ; for ; recently; ever ;never; so far; up to May Might now; already; just; several; How long…?;yet… HTTD S + is/am/are + being + PII (byO ) *C¸ch biÕn ®ỉi mét sè tr¹ng tõ Past simple: S + was/were (not) HTHT S + have/has + been + PII ( byO) this that V-ed/c«t ( p®: didn’t + Vo ) QK§ S + was/were + PII ( byO) these those * DHNB : yesterday, last, ago, in… , one day QKTD S + was/were + being + PII (by O) here there When/As soon as + QK§ , QK§ ( chØ h® nä kÕ tiÕp h® QKHT S + had + been + PII ( by O) now then qu¸ khø) today that day will , can , should , S + will , can , should , must ,’ + Past continuous : S + was/were + V-ing yesterday The day before must’ be + PII ( byO) * DHNB : at this time yesterday , at 7.00 a.m last Monday The previous day IV Relative Clauses ( MƯnh ®Ị Quan hƯ ) While + QKTD , QK§ Tomorrow The day after ’N ( chØ ngêi ) + who + V / S + V’ While + QKTD , QKTD (chØ h® x¶y ®ång thêi) The following day ’.N (chØ ngêi) + whom + S+ V’ When + h® ®ang x¶y , h® xen vµo ’.ago ’ before ’.N (chØ vËt) + which + S +V / V’ ( QKTD) ( QK§) next week The week after ( ®Þa ®iĨm) + where The following week Past Perfect : S + had (not) + PII * DHNB : After + QKHT , QK§ By the time + QK§ , QKHT Before + QK§ , QKHT When + h® x¶y sau , h® x¶y tríc ( QK§) ( QKHT) Future simple : S + will + Vo ( p®: won’t + Vo ) * DHNB : tomorrow, next Near future : S + is/am/are + going to + Vo II.Conditional Sentences : C©u ®iỊu kiƯn I If + S + Vo/-s/es , S + will/can + Vo is/am/are *DHNB : soon, next, tomorrow, someday II If + S + V-ed/cét , S + would + Vo Were * DHNB : now, c©u t×nh hng ë HT III If + S + had + PII , S + would + have + PII *DHNB: last, yesterday,1 c©u t×nh hng ë QK * Note : Unless = If’’.not : nÕu kh«ng ( sau ’Unless’ ®éng tõ lu«n ë thĨ kh¼ng ®Þnh) *Wish ( if only): C©u íc - C©u íc ë hiƯn t¹i : S wish S + V-ed/cét 2( be->were) - C©u íc ë qu¸ khø : S wish S + had + PII - C©u íc ë t¬ng lai : S wish S + would +Vo * As if / As though ( nh thĨ lµ’) S + V (HT§) + as if/as though + S + V ( HT) : cã thËt S + V (HT§) + + S + V (QK§) : o cã thËt ë ht S + V(QK§) + + S + V(QKHT) : o cã thËt ë qk VIII.Phrasal Verbs (Cơm §T) 1.fill in : ®iỊn vµo wash up : rưa b¸t hold up : tri hoan give up : tu bo try out : thu nghiem explain (st) to ( sb) : giai thich invite (sb) to : moi * IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS ( ngu) take note(noice) of : chu y take advantage of : loi dung make fun of ; che nhao make a fuss about/over : lam om som make use of : tan dung make allowance for : thong ( thêi gian) + when S+V (ko cã g.tõ ®i kÌm) the reason + why N (ngêi/vËt) + whose + N’ N(ngêi/vËt) + that ( ko cã dÊu phÈy ) Kh«ng cã DT + what + ’ V MÉu §éng Tõ: V + to V V + V-ing Ask,tell, want, Like,hate except, agree, would mind Fail,learn mind Promise, decide, enjoy,deny dare admit,avoid Afford, seem, feel, suggest offer consider Manage,warn keep,tend Encourage,invit give up e can’t stand Forbid, hope can’t help Pretend, no good would like no use would love * sau c¸c giíi tõ: *sau tõ ®Ĩ hái ( on,in,at ( what,where’) for’) * cÊu tróc víi : Too/ enough * sau : first,second’ V+ toV/Ving *Advise Allow Recommend Permit Remember Forget Regret Try Stop *Continue Begin Start Love Hate like X Sù hoµ hỵp gi÷a S vµ V: V( sè nhiỊu) : were, are, Vo, have, don…t+V V(sè Ýt) : was, is, Vs/es, has, doesn…t+V S lµ: V-ing + V (sè Ýt) To V each, every ’ + V (sè Ýt) anybody, anything,something + V(sè Ýt) someone, evryone,everybody S ( t gian,qu·ng ®êng, tiỊn) + V(sè Ýt) ( tªn phim / bµi h¸t/vë kÞch) (both) S1 and S2 + V(sè n) S1 + as well as + S2 + V(theo S1) V + Vo Let,make Hadbetter Have to Help * sau c¸c §T khut thiÕu: (can,will, could’) * watch Hear See Notice Smell Catch Taste Find 1.C©u trÇn tht gi¸n tiÕp : S said ( that ) S(®ỉi ng«i) ’ V(lïi th×)- O C©u mƯnh lƯnh gi¸n tiÕp: S told/asked + O + toV + O + not + to V C©u hái cã tõ ®Ĩ hái gi¸n tiÕp : S asked + O + Wh- S(®ỉi ng«i) ’ V(lïi th×)- O C©u hái kh«ng cã tõ ®Ĩ hái : S asked + O + if + S(®ỉi ng«i) ’ V(lïi th×)- O ( whether) VII Pronunciation ( ng÷ ©m) C¸ch ph¸t ©m ’ ed vµ - s * - ed : /id/ : ®øng sau : t,d /t/ : ®øng sau : p,k,s,sh,ch,ce,f,gh / d/ : trêng hỵp cßn l¹i * - s : /s/ : ®øng sau : t,p,k,f,gh,ph /iz/ : ®øng sau : s,sh,ch,x,ce,ge,z /z/ : trêng hỵp cßn l¹i Träng ©m : ®u«i tõ Träng ©m -eer,-ee,-ese R¬i vµo chÝnh nã -tion,-sion,-tiuos, R¬i vµo ©m tríc nã -ic,-ial,-iual,-ian -ible,-ient -y,-ty,-phy,-fy, R¬i vµo ©m c¸ch nã mét ©m -gy,-ate,-ize,-ary,-al MƯnh ®Ị chØ mơc ®Ých : - S + V + to-V / so as to-V/ in order to-V - S + V(HT¹i) + in order that + S + will/can + Vo V(QK) so that would/could + Vo S + spend + (time) + V-ing = It takes/took + O + (time) + to-V Because + S+V+O = Because of + N/cơm N : bëi v× Although +S+V+O = Despite / Inspite of + N, cơm N XIII d¹ng tõ : DTõ : cã nh÷ng hËu tè sau : -tion ’sion, - ment, - ty , -ity , ness, - dom, - ence , - th , - ing, -ance T.Tø : cã nh÷ng hËu tè sau : - al,-y,-ish,-ed,-ing,-less,ful,- able,- ous,-ic,-like,- ive TR¹ng tõ : adj+ly laugh at : cuoi listen to ; nghe 10 point at : chi vao 11 glance at : liec nhin 12 speak to : noivoi… 13 throw (st) at…: nem vao 14 stare at : tro mat nhin 15 write to : viet 16 ask for :yeu cau 16 wait for : doi 17 apply for ( job) : xin viec to : xin tuyen vao 18 search for : tim kiem 19 belong to : thuoc ve 20 carry on : tiep tuc 21 run out of : het nhan 21 be/get used to : quen voi… = Be accusstom to : cam make a dicision on : quyet dinh make room for : nhuong cho keep pace with : theo kip 10 catch sight of : bat gap, thay 11 lose sight of : khong nhin thay, mat hut 12 get in touch with : giu lien lac voi 13 lose touch with : mat lien lac 14 have a look at = look at 15 pay a visit to : den tham 16 pay attention to : chu y 17 set fire to : tieu huy 18 put an end to / put a stop to : ket thuc IX Comparisions ( So s¸nh ) D¹ng CÊu t¹o CÊu tróc c©u so s¸nh so s¸nh h¬n T.T ng¾n + er S1+V+ s.sh¬n + than+S2 more + T.T dµi h¬n T.Tng¾n + est S + V+ the + ss h¬n nhÊt nhÊt most + T.T dµi b»ng as + T.T + as S1+V+as+T.T+as+S2 4.kÐp * cµng ngµycµng : S+V+ (ssh¬n) and (ss h¬n) * Cµng’, cµng’ : - The (ssh¬n)+ S+V, the +(ssh¬n)+S+V - The more+S+V, the more+S+V *Note: mét sè TT ss ®Ỉc biƯt : Good/well -> better -> the best Bad/badly -> worse -> the worst Far -> farther/further -> the farthest /furthest Little -> less -> the least Much,many -> more -> the most Happy -> happier -> the happiest ( t¬ng tù nh’happy’: easy,noisy,early,lonely,silly’) together with along with with neither S1 nor S2 either S1 or S2 + V (theo S2) S1 or S2 Many + N(sn) + V(sè n) Much + N(sè Ýt) + V(sè Ýt) (a) few/several/some ’ + V(sè n) (a) litle’ + V(sè Ýt) 10 Most (of) + N(sè n) + V(sè n) + N(sè Ýt) + V(sè Ýt) 11 A nimber of’ + V(sè n) The number of’ + V(sè Ýt) 12 A large number of’ + V(sè n) A great number of’ + V(sè Ýt) 13 The S1 of S2 + V(theo S1) 14 The + Adj ->(chØ ngêi) + V(sè n) *NOTE: -Nh÷ng DT sau lµ sè Ýt : news, maths, physics, politics, statistics, rickets, mumps - DT sè nhiỊu ®Ỉc biƯt : people, men, women, children XI Mét sè cÊu tróc c©u cÇn lu ý : 1.so/such’’that : qu¸ ®Õn nçi mµ’ - S + V + so + adj /adv + that + S + V - S + V + such + cơm DT + that + S + V (a/an+adj+N) - S + V + so many + N(®Ịm ®ỵc) + that + S +V so much + N(ko ®Õm ®ỵc) too : qu¸’®Ĩ mµ / enough : ®đ’®Ĩ mµ’: - S + V + too + adj/adv + to-V - S + V + adj/adv + enough + to-V enough + N It’s time(high time) + S + V(QK§) : §· ®Õn lóc(ai) cÇn ph¶i… It’s the first/second’time + S + V(HTHT) : Nã lµ lÇn thø nhÊt/hai… (ai)®· tõng… S(ngêi) + need + to-V + O = S(vËt) + need + to be PII V-ing S(ngêi) + have/get + O(vËt) + PII : nhê (ai) lµm g× O(ngêi) + Vo It’s + adj + (for O) + to-V : Nã (ntn)(®/v ai) ®Ĩ mµ… XIV.TAG QUESTIONS (C©u hái ®u«i)) C©u K§ - tag question P§ C©u P§  tag question K§ Tag Q ( be/trỵ tõ + §TNX) C©u ( S- V ’ O ) Isn’t /aren’t’? Is/are’ Wasn’t/ weren’t ? Was/were ®in’t’? V-ed/cét Don’t/doesn’t ? Vo/s/es Hasn’t/haven’t / hadn’t ? Has/have /had Won’t ? Will Can’t /couldn’t’? Can/could Did/do/does/is/are/have’.? Didn’t/don’t/doesn’t/ isn’t/aren’t/haven’t/…… Aren’t I ? I am(I’m) Will you ? c©u mƯnh lƯnh Shall we ? Let’s ’ they? Everuone/somenoe’ ’.it? Everything/something’ ’(K§) + they ? Noone /nobody (K§) + it ? Nothing ... stare at : tro mat nhin 15 write to : viet 16 ask for :yeu cau 16 wait for : doi 17 apply for ( job) : xin viec to : xin tuyen vao 18 search for : tim kiem 19 belong to : thuoc ve 20 carry on... từ: *sau từ để hỏi ( on,in,at ( what,where) for) * cấu trúc với : Too/ enough * sau : first,second V+ toV/Ving *Advise Allow Recommend Permit Remember Forget Regret Try Stop *Continue Begin Start... Promise, decide, enjoy,deny dare admit,avoid Afford, seem, feel, suggest offer consider Manage,warn keep,tend Encourage,invit give up e cant stand Forbid, hope cant help Pretend, no good would