. Một số cụm động từ thông dụng: Một số từ viết tắt: sb viết tắt cho somebody (người nào đó) sth: viết tắt cho something (cái gì đó) Beat one’s self up: tự trách mình (khi dùng, thay ones self bằng mysel, yourself, himself, herself...) Break down: bị hỏng Break in: đột nhập vào Break up with sb: chia tay, cắt đứt quan hệ tình cảm với ai đó Bring sth up: đề cập chuyện gì đó Bring sb up: nuôi nấng (con cái) Brush up on sth: ôn lại Call for sth: cần cái gì đó; Call for s.o : kêu người nào đó, cho gọi ai đó, yêu cầu gặp ai đó Carry out: thực hiện (kế hoạch) Catch up with sb: theo kịp ai đó Check in: làm thủ tục vào khách sạn Check out: làm thủ tục ra khách sạn Check sth out: tìm hiểu, khám phá cái gì đó Clean sth up: lau chùi Come across as: có vẻ (chủ ngữ là người) Come off: tróc ra, sút ra Come up against s.th: đối mặt với cái gì đó Come up with: nghĩ ra Cook up a story: bịa đặt ra 1 câu chuyện Cool down: làm mát đi, bớt nóng, bình tĩnh lại (chủ ngữ có thể là người hoặc vật) Count on sb: tin cậy vào người nào đó Cut down on sth: cắt giảm cái gì đó Cut off: cắt lìa, cắt trợ giúp tài chính Do away with sth: bỏ cái gì đó đi không sử dụng cái gì đó Do without sth: chấp nhận không có cái gì đó Dress up: ăn mặc đẹp Drop by: ghé qua Drop sb off: thả ai xuống xe
Trang 1We put out the fire
We put the fire out
We put it out (Không đ c nói we put out it)
- Ng đ ng t không tách ra đ c (inseparable phrasal verbs) là các ng
đ ng t không cho phép tân ng chen vào gi a, dù tân ng là danh t ho c
We’ve put up with our noisy neighbours for years
The machine stopped working because it ran out of fuel
Các gi i t và tr ng t thông d ng trong ng đ ng t
Trang 2Các ng đ ng t th ng có ngh a khác v i ngh a c a các thành ph n t o nên chúng Tuy nhiên, trong m t s tr ng h p chúng ta có th d dàng đoán đ c ngh a c a ng đ ng t qua vi c n m v ng ngh a c a các gi i t và tr ng t thông d ng
down (xu ng đ t):
cut down a tree, pull down a building, knock him down
down (lên gi y):
write down the number, copy down the address, note down a lecture
down (gi m b t)
turn down the volume, slow down, (a fire) that lied down
down (ng ng ho t đ ng hoàn toàn)
break down, close down
off (r i kh i, lìa kh i)
set off a journey, a plane that took off, a book cover that came off, see a friend off at the airport, sells goods off cheaply
off (làm gián đo n)
turn off/ switch off the television, cut off the electricity, ring off
Trang 3out (bi n m t)
put out a fire, blow out a candle, wipe out the dirt, cross out a word
out (hoàn toàn, đ n h t)
clean out the table, fill out a form, work out the answer
Trang 4Blow up (làm n tung)
They blew up the bridge
Bring about (làm x y ra, d n đ n, gây ra)
What brought about the change in his attitude?
He was born and brought up in a good environment
Call off (hoãn l i, ng ng l i, b đi)
They called off the meeting
Carry on (ti p t c)
He carried on the task while others had left
Cheer up (làm cho ai ph n kh i, vui v lên)
Mary’s unhappy- we should do something to cheer her up
Clear up (d n d p, gi i quy t)
She cleaned up the spare room
Cut down (gi m b t, c t b t)
He cut down the numbet of employees in his company
Do over (làm l i t đ u)
I’m sorry but your writing is not good enough You’ll have to do it over
Trang 5Draw up (l p k ho ch)
The residents of the building drew up a plan to catch the thief
Fill in/ out (đi n vào t đ n, t khai)
He filled out the job application form
Filll up (đ , l p đ y)
She filled up the jug with the water
Find out (phát hi n ra)
She found out the truth
Figure out (suy ngh đ tìm ra)
Can you figure out how to do it?
Give away (cho, phân phát)
He gave away his clothes to the poor
Give back (hoàn l i, tr l i)
He hasn’t given bacjk my book yet
Give up (t b , b cu c)
You should always keep trying Don’t give up!
Hand in (n p bài v )
The students handed in their essays
Hand out (phân phát)
Peter, please hand these copies out to the class
Hang up (treo lên, cúp máy)
We were talking when she suddenly hung up the phone
Trang 6Hold up (làm đình tr , trì hoãn)
I was held up in the traffic for nearly 2 hours
Lay off (cho ai ngh vi c)
His company has laid off another 50 people this week
Leave out (b đi)
He left out all the prepositions
Let down (làm th t v ng)
He really let me down by not finishing the assignment
Look over (xem xét, ki m tra)
I am going to look the house over next week
Look up (tìm ki m trong tài li u tra c u)
She had to look up too many words in the dictionary
Make up (b a, d ng chuy n)
He made up a story about how he got robbed on the way to work
Make out (hi u)
He was so far away, we really couldn’t make out what he was saying
Pass on (truy n, chuy n ti p)
He passed the news on to the president
Pick out (ch n ra)
She picked out some very nice clothes
Pick up (đón ai b ng xe)
He had to leave early to pick up hí daughter
Trang 7Point out (ch ra)
She pointed out the mistakes
Put away (c t đi ch khác)
They put away the books
Put off (hoãn l i)
He asked me to put off the meeting until tomorrow
Take down (ghi chép)
Take down the instructions
Take off (c i b qu n áo)
He took off hia hat when he saw her
Take over (ti p qu n, ti p t c)
CBS Records was taken over by Sony
Throw away (ném đi, v t đi)
Don’t throw the book away
Try on (m c th qu n áo)
She tried on five blouses in the shop
Trang 8Try out (ki m tra cái gì qua vi c s d ng nó)
I tried out the car before I bought it
Could you turn down the radio, please?
Turn down (kh c t )
His application was turned down
Turn into (bi n thành, tr thành)
The prince was turned into a frog by the witch
Turn off (khóa, t t…)
We turned off the television
Break in/ into (đ t nh p)
Someone broke into my apartment last night and stole the money
Call on (th m vi ng)
He called on his friend
Call for (đòi h i)
This plan called for a lot of effort
Trang 9Count on (tin c y vào, d a vào)
I counted on him to show me what to do
Get over (v t qua)
It took me two weeks to get over the flu
Go over (xem l i, đ c l i)
The students went over the material before the exam
Hear from (nh n đ c tin c a ai)
Have you heard from him lately?
Look after (ch m sóc, trông nom)
Who is looking after your dog?
Look for (tìm ki m)
He’s looking for his keys
Look into (đi u tra)
The police are looking into the murder
Run across (tìn c g p ai ho c tìm th y cái gì)
I ran across my old roommate at the college reunion
Run into (tình c g p ai)
Trang 10I ran into my old friend on the way to school
stand for (thay cho, đ i di n cho)
VIP stands for “very important person”
Take after (gi ng ai)
He takes after his mother
Ng đ ng t không có tân ng
Break down (h ng máy)
The car has broken down
Break out (n ra, bùng n )
The war broke out when the talks failed
Catch on (hi u)
He catches on very quickly You never have to explain twice
Come back (quay l i, tr l i)
I will never come back to this place
Come in (đi vào)
They came in through the back door
Come to (t nh l i)
He was hit on the head very hard, but after several minutes, he started to come to again
Come over (ghé th m nhà ai)
The children promised to come over, but they never do
Trang 11Come up (nêu lên m t v n đ )
That issue never came up during the meeting
Die down (l ng xu ng)
The dispuse had lied down and he was able to lead a normal life again
Dress up (m c di n)
We should dress up to go to the theater
Drop by (t t vào, nhân ti n đi qua ghé vào th m)
If you come to our town, please drop by to see us
I’ll never go back to that place
Go off (n , reo lên)
The gun wen off when he was cleaning it
Trang 12This is the town where I grew up
Hold on (gi máy đi n tho i không c t)
Could you hold on a minute, please?
Keep on (ti p t c)
The kept on looking for the dog
Pass out (mê đi, b t t nh)
She passed out when she heard the news
Pull up (d ng l i, làm d ng l i)
A black car has just pulled up outside your front door
Set off (b t đ u lên đ ng)
We set off very early
Show off (khoe khoang)
He’s always showing off about how much money he has got
Trang 13Take off (máy bay c t cánh)
The plane is taking off
Turn up (đ n n i, xu t hi n)
She invited a lot of people to her party, but only a few turned up
Ng đ ng t g m có 3 t :
Break in on (c t ngang, làm gián đo n)
He broke in on our conversation
Catch up with (đu i k p)
She left an hour ago I’ll never catch up with her now
Come in for (h ng ch u s phê bình, công kích)
He has come in for a lot of criticism lately
Come up with (tìm ra l i gi i, ý t ng….)
He came up with a very good idea
Cut down on (gi m b t)
He’s trying to cut down on cigarettes
Do away with (lo i b )
Most students want to do away with the present curriculum
Drop out of (b h c n a ch ng)
A lot of students dropped out of school last yerar
Face up to (ch p nh n và đ i m t v i m t đi u ki n không d ch u) You must face up to the fact that you can’t do the job
Trang 14Get away with (thoát kh i s tr ng ph t)
This is the third time you have been late this week You’re not going to away with it again
Get down to (b t đ u công vi c m t cách nghiêm túc)
It’s time to get down to business
Get on/ along with (hòa đ ng v i, có quan h thân h u)
Do you get on with your neighbours?
Get through with (hoàn thành, hoàn t t)
When will you ever get through with that project?
Keep up with (theo k p)
Salaries are not keeping up with inflation
Look forward to (mong ch )
I look forward to the holiday
Look down on (khinh th ng)
He looks down on his neighbours
Look out for (c n th n, coi ch ng)
Slow down Look out for children crossing
Trang 15Run out of (c n, h t)
The car has run out of petrol
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1 When the police investigate a crime, they evidence such as
fingerprints, hair, or clothing
A look after B look up to C look for D look into
2 “Do you your new roommate, or do you two argue?”
A keep in touch with B get along with C on good terms with D get used to
3 After months of testing, the Russian space scientists a space suit that works better than any other in history
A came to B came up with C came up to D came out with
4 Let’s check our hotel room _before we pay for it
5 He lost the tennis match, so we will try to cheer him
6 The mechanic broke the engine _ its many components
into
7 The couple broke _ their engagement after they had a huge argument
Trang 168 The new mayor will bring a change in local government policies
9 Sara said she took golf _ so that she could meet more interesting people
10 Try _ this bicycle to determine if you feel comfortable on it
2 They decided to name the new baby boy Grandpa
3 Mom told her little boy to put all his toys before coming to dinner
4 The couple put their wedding until next year
5 The gunman told the victim to hand _ all his money
6 Don’t throw your jacket on the bed Hang it _
Trang 17A up B over C on D in
7 The supervisor told her to keep _ the good work
8 Man is killing _ all the fish in the sea
9 If you leave any information, the form will be returned to you
10 Security is very important in this building Don’t let anyone unless they show you proper identification
4 Tony and Nancy always kiss and make after their arguments
Trang 185 Cross _ my name because I won’t be able to attend
6 She will cut the number of cigarettes she smokes
7 Have you figured _ how to solve the problem yet?
8 After you fill the application form , sign it and date it
9 You should always fill _ your tank when it gets down to a quarter full
2 Why don’t you look this situation and see if you can figure out a way
to fix it without spending too much money?
3 My grandfather passed when I was only six years old He had lung cancer
Trang 19A out B over C away D off
4 Every day many of us have to put people that we don’t like
A on with B off with C up D up with
5 Nancy ran Bob while both were shopping at the supermarket
A over B across C upon D onto
6 If you go hiking, you should watch for poison oak and snakes Both can cause you problems
7 Let’s get _ the bus at the next stop We can’t visit the museum and catch another bus in a couple of hours
8 When the student got the test, he gave it to the teacher
A over with B through with C through at D over
9 If you’re going to give smoking, you must have a lot of will power
A away B up C in to D off
10 After you write your report, give it to your boss He will go it and make any necessary changes
A upon B through with C over D with
Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Trang 201 She kept taking the real estate exam until she finally passed it and got her license
A on B onto C in D at
2 Kids have to talk fast if they want to their parents on a stroll through the park
A keep with B keep up with C keep onto D keep over with
3 You’d better cut _animal fat if you want to lower your cholesterol
A down with B off with C out in D down on
4 I wish my friends would call me first before they drop _
5 Sales of the toy dropped sharply when the TV news reported that a child had swallowed part of the toy and almost died
6 People who don’t get _their coworkers sometimes don’t last long at their jobs
A up with B along with C on to D by with
7 At a crime scene, the police will tell you to get back They don’t want
civilians to interfere the investigation
A at B on C with D into
8 The boy was always getting trouble as a youth Then, to
everyone’s surprise, he became a policeman
9 Mankind has managed to wipe _many kinds of animals
Trang 2110 My car broke on the way to work I had to call a tow truck
Exercise 6: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1 Before you finish this project, check your supervisor for further instructions
2 As soon as we got to the motel, we checked _
3 While looking for my nail clipper, I came _a knife that I thought I had lost
4 We’ve out of milk You’ll have to drink your tea without it
5 It’s difficult to _luxuries when you’re used to having them
A cut down on B cut down at C cut off on D cut down into
6 I missed the seven o’clock news on the radio this morning I _ up too late
A came B turned C grew D woke
7 Governments should international laws against terrorism
A bring up B bring about C.bring in D bring back
Trang 228 You can’t possibly say no to such a wonderful job offer It’s too good to
A turn it up B turn it down C put it up D put it down
9 Eve was born in the South, but she grew in the North
10 “What yout flight?” “There was a big snowstorm in Denver that delayed a lot of flights”
A delayed up B postponed up C held up D hung up
Exercise 7: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions:
1 “Can you read that sign?” “Just a minute Let me my glasses”
A put off B put on C put with D put away
2 This is Bob speaking I need my pocket calculator Can I have it back
tomorrow? I can’t it
A do with B do without C deal with D deal without
3 “That old paint that you have stored in your garage is a fine hazard” “You’re right I should it”
A get away from B get rid of C get through with D get along with
4 “You must be anxious to go on your vacation.” “I certainly am I am really this trip”
Trang 23A looking for B looking forward C looking forward to
D looking up to
5 “Who out that tie for you?” No one I choose it myself.”
A bought B brought C turned D picked
6 We didn’t like John when we first met him, but he has turned _ to be a good friend to us
7 “Have you _this contract yet?” “Not yet I’ll try to read this weekend”
A looked over B looked into C looked up
D looked out
8 After ten times, the students _in their quizzes to the instructor
9 “Hello, is Bill there?”.Yes, a minute, and I’ll get him
A hang on B hang up C hold on D A and C are correct
10 I was talking to my aunt when suddenly my cousin George in on our conversation
A interrupted B broke C went D intervened
KEYS:
EX1: 1C, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5D, 6C, 7C, 8D, 9D, 10A
EX2: 1D, 2B, 3C, 4A, 5B, 6A, 7D, 8C, 9B, 10A
EX3: 1D, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 6D, 7A, 8C, 9B, 10D
EX4: 1B, 2A, 3C, 4D, 5B, 6C, 7D, 8B, 9B, 10C