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I/ The point at which physical decline with age begins adversely to affect a driver’s capability has not yet been thoroughly studied A survey of more than 3,000 road accidents in Michigan involving drivers aged over 55 showed that in eight out of ten (56) _ it was a driver over the age of 71 who had (57) _ a collision by failing to yield, turning carelessly or changing lanes Older drivers are obviously more (58) _ to injury in vehicle crashes, as well as being a potential higher (59) _ through their own driving (60) _ Reaction (61) _ in an emergency involves many different physical (62) _ such as the production of the nerve impulse, perception of the signal, (63) _ of response and transmission to the muscles Some of these (64) _ more than others with age, but the overall effect increases the time it takes to respond for more (65) _ drivers 56 A users B points C cases D attempts 57 A avoided B prevented C caused D activated 58 A likely B susceptible C possible D common 59 A degree B chance C factor D risk 60 A practice B activity C experience D behaviour 61 A period B time C process D system 62 A events B parts C factors D forms 63 A choice B suggestion C section D preference 64 A improve B deteriorate C reduce D increase 65 A mature B ancient C older D elderly CCBDDBCABD II/ The Alexandra Palace in the north London was built with private funds as a “People’s Palace” Serviced by its own station, it was opened in 1873 and was extremely well (1) _ until, two weeks after its opening, it burnt down It was (2) _ by a slightly larger building which opened in 1875 and featured, (3) _ other things, a splendid organ and the Great Hall, which was the size of a football pitch Despite the extraordinarily wide range of events (4) _ there – from dog shows to great concerts and banquets, from elephant displays to bicycle matches – it always (5) _ at a loss and by 1877 much of the park around it had been sold to speculative builders, (6) _ only about half of the original land In 1900, a committee was appointed, whose principal duty was to (7) _ the Palace and park “for the free use of the people forever” There were, however, (8) _ to charge for entry so that the substantial costs could be covered A inhabited B attended C crowded D visited A installed B overtaken C renewed D replaced A among B between C from D around A performed B set C staged D laid A conducted B acted C operated D maintained A letting B remaining C leaving D upholding A run B handle C lead D overlook A powers B terms C allowances D authorities BDACCCAA III/ In many countries nowadays, electricity, gas, and water are necessities Companies which produce household goods realize that people want products that (71) work effectively and save money In North America, for example, household (72) accounts for 10% to 15% of the electrical bill, but this amount can be reduced by (73) an ordinary 100-watt light bulb with a (an ) (74) one Consumers can save about US$ to US$ 21 per bulb doing so In European countries, when you buy some electrical goods (75) refrigerators, freezers, and washing machines, (76) a labeling scheme telling you (77) energy efficient each model is, so you can (78) a comparison between different appliances and then choose (79) to buy The final result is that these innovations will save money and help (80)… the conservation of the earth’s resources 71 A not only B both C neither D all 72 A lights B lightening C lighting D well-light 73 A changing B exchanging C bartering D replacing 74 A energy-saving B energy-saved C saving-energy D efficient-energy 75 A as B such like C such as D as much 76 A it is B what is C that is D there is 77 A how B what C about D the reason 78 A B make C get D perform 79 A the one B something C which one D only one 80 A in B with C for D to BCDA CDABCB IV/ It (1) _ more than you think to (2) _ a car First, there is the road (3) _,which seems to get more expensive (4) _ year Then there’s insurance, (5) _ is very expensive if you are young If you run an old car, you (6) _ comprehensive insurance “third party, fire, and theft” will If you (7) _ lucky, your car will pass its annual MOT test All cars need regular (8) _ If it breaks down, you’ve got the extra (9) _ of (10) _ A values B costs C pays D prices A run B buy C get D operate A money B fee C tax D payment A a B each C per D every A which B that C this D what A not need B need not C don’t need D don’t have A you were B you are C you D you will be A service B servicing C serviced D services A cost B money C expense D payment 10 A repairing B repairs C mend D damage BACDACBBAB V/ Have you ever asked yourself what you are working for? If you have ever had the time to (1) _ this taboo question, or put it to others in moment of weakness or confidentiality, you (2) _ well have heard some or all of the (3) _ It’s the money of course, some say with a smile, as if explaining something to a small child Or it’s the satisfaction of (4) _ well done, the sense of achievement behind the clinching of an important (5) _ I worked as a bus conductor once, and I can’t say I (6) _ the same as I staggered along the swaying gangway trying to (7) _ out tickets without falling over into someone’s lap It’s the company of other people perhaps, but if that is the (8) _, what about farmers? it is the conservation in the farmyard that keeps them captivated by the job? Work is power and a sense of status say those (9) _ have either attained these elusive goals, or feel aggrieved that nobody has yet recognized their leadership (10) _ Or we can blame it all on someone else, the family or the taxman I suspect, and say this under my (11) _, that most of us work rather as Mr Micawber lived, hoping for something to (12) _ up We’ll win the pools, and tell the boss what we really think We’ll scrape together the (13) _ and open that little shop we always dreamed of, or go (14) _ the world, or spend more time in the garden Once day we’ll get that (15) _ we deserve, but until then at least we have something to And we are so busy doing it that we won’t have time to wonder why A propose B meditate C consider D launch A might B can C will D should A below B rest C following D latter A a work B a job C a task D an effort A deal B position C job D engagement A enjoyed B wished C hoped D felt A make B turn C issue D give A one B case C question D former A people B must C who D to 10 A qualities B status C property D requirements 11 A oath B suspicion C breath D pressure 12 A move B turn C ease D end 13 A resources B opportunities C rest D money 14 A round B over C into D to 15 A ambition B station C vocation D promotion A A C B A D 7.D B C 10 A 11 C 12 B 13 D 14.A 15 D VI/ KEEPING YOUR DISTANCE Personal space is a term that refers (1) _ the distance we like to keep between ourselves and other people When (2) _ we not know well gets too close we usually begin to feel uncomfortable If a business colleague comes close than 1.2 meters, the (3) _ common response is to move (4) _ Some interesting (5) _ have been done in libraries If strangers come too close, many people get up and leave the building; others use different methods such as turning their back on the intruder Living in cities has (6) _ people develop new skills for dealing with situations (7) _ they are very close to strangers (8) _ people on crowded trains try not to look at strangers; they avoid skin contact, and apologize if hands touch by mistake People use newspapers (9) _ a barrier between themselves and other people, and if they not have one, they stare into the distance, (10) _ sure they are not looking into anyone’s eyes 1 A from B to A anyone B nobody A most B best A on B in A research B studies A done B caused A that B where A Most of B The most A like B as 10 A making B make B D A D B C B D B 10 A C for C people C more C up C survey C made C which C Almost C alike C be D about D someone D first D away D questionnaires D allowed D how D Most D such as D made VII/ You've (1) heard someone say that the reason you caught a cold was that you were 'run down' People generally accept that if you are (2) pressure or run down you are more likely to get ill But is this really true (3) is it just an old wives' tale? The problem with old sayings like this is that it's often difficult to (4) whether they are true or not For example, if you ask people with colds whether they are feeling run down, they are (5) certain to say yes People without colds are more likely to say no So, how you (6) if it's the cold that is making them (7) run down or the fact that they are run down that is making them more likely to catch a cold? Now it seems there is a scientific answer to this question And answer is yes - if you are run down or under stress, you are more likely to catch a cold Scientists at the Common Cold Research Centre ran a series of tests They got volunteers without colds to attend the centre, where they were first given a questionnaire to complete The questions measured the (8) of stress each volunteer was under The volunteers were then deliberately infected with a cold virus and left to see whether they developed a cold After many people had been tested, the researchers looked for a (9) between the measured stress level and the chances of catching a cold They found that the higher the stress, the more likely the person was to catch a cold At the moment it is not known why stress makes someone more likely to become ill, but now (10) the link has been found, researchers might be able to investigate further They may even find different ways of combating disease A perhaps B maybe C possibly D probably A under B behind C at D above A and B or C but D so A show B express C state D prove A nearly B mostly C almost D surely A tell B speak C say D suggest A be B feel C become D get A amount B number C mass D heap A combination B joint C link D relation 10 A that B when C because D as 1.D 3.B 5.C 7.B 9.C 2.A 4.D 6.A 8.A 10.A VII/ The traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write, or the ability to use language to, read, write, listen, and speak In modern contexts, the word refers to reading and writing at a level (1) _ for communication, or at a level that lets one understand and communicate ideas in a literate society,' so as to take (2) _ in that society The United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has drafted the following definition: “Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written 'materials (3) _ with varying contexts Literacy involves a continuum of learning to enable an Individual to achieve his or her goals, to develop his, or her (4) _ and potential, and to participate fully in the wider society." Many policy analysts consider literacy rates a crucial measure of a region's human capital This claim is made on the (5) _ that literate people can be trained less expensively than illiterate people, generally have a higher socio-economic (6) _ and enjoy better health and employment prospects Policy makers also argue that literacy increases job opportunities and access to higher education In Kerala, India, for example, female and child mortality rates declined (7) _ in the 1960s, when girls who were educated in the education reforms after 1948 began to raise families Recent researchers, (8) _, argue that correlations such as, the one listed above may have more to with the effects of schooling rather than literacy in general Regardless, the (9) _ of educational systems worldwide includes a basic (10) _ around communication through test and print, which is the foundation of most definitions of literacy A important B adequate C adaptable D suitable A control B comfort C part D honor A associated B worked C appropriated D related A ability B knowledge C behavior D performance A basics B ways A status B request A actually B dramatically A therefore B however A main B majority 10 A concept B content B C A B D A B B C 10 A C foundations C condition C extremely C consequently C focus C contact D grounds D state D accurately D additionally D demand D context ... with situations (7) _ they are very close to strangers (8) _ people on crowded trains try not to look at strangers; they avoid skin contact, and apologize if hands touch by mistake People... to wonder why A propose B meditate C consider D launch A might B can C will D should A below B rest C following D latter A a work B a job C a task D an effort A deal B position C job D engagement... ourselves and other people When (2) _ we not know well gets too close we usually begin to feel uncomfortable If a business colleague comes close than 1.2 meters, the (3) _ common response is to move