Chuyên đề luyện thi hsg 2

CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – 2 Th.S Huynh Le Minh INVERSION Trong tiếng anh đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng với mệnh đề nhấn mạnh thường gặp dạng đảo trạng từ lên đầu câu Eg: She never eats out ==> Never does she eat out I) Đảo từ với câu điều kiên 1. Điều kiện loại 1 Eg: If it rains tonight, I will stay at home ==> Should it rain.......... 2. Điều kiện loại 2 Eg: Iif I were you, i would love him ==> Were I you................. Eg: If it weren’t for your progress, I wouldn’t be here ==> Were it not your .... 3. Điều kiện loại 3 Eg: If she had worked harder last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam ==> Had she worked harder last year............ Eg: If it hadn’t been for hot weather, we would have had a wonderful holiday ==> Had it not been for............................ II. CASES OF INVERSION (Những trường hợp đảo ngữ) 1. Inversions take place after some negative adverb such as: little (một ít), nowhere (không một nơi nào), no longer (không còn nữa), in vain (vô ích), not until (mãi đến khi), never (không bao giờ), never again (không bao giờ nữa), never before (không bao giờ nữa), seldom = rarely, hardly (gần như không, khó mà), not for one minute (không một phút nào)... Example: - He said little about it. => Little did he say about it. - Nowhere you can enjoy delicious dishes like here. => Nowhere can you enjoy delicious dishes like here. - No longer will he work here. - In vain did they look for the missing people. - Not until I came home did I realize that I had lost everything. - Not until she left did I know that she had been very important for me. - I will never forgive him. => Never will I forgive him - Never again will I meet him. - Never before have I seen this film (present perfect) - She rarely makes a mistake => Rarely does she make a mistake. - I hardly meet her nowadays. => Hardly do I meet her nowadays. - Not for one minute do we feel peaceful. - Not for one minute did she forger about it/him. 2. Inversions are used in emphasizing cases. - I like it (normal) => I do like it (emphasizing case) - I slept well last night. => I did sleep well last night. - He loves her => He does love her. 3. Inversions are used after some conjunctions such as: - Hardly .... when - Scarcely .... when (Ngay khi....) - No sooner .... than Hardly had I gone to bed when the phone rang. No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain. 4. Inversions are used in some phrases with “only” - Only when (chỉ khi) - Only if (chỉ nếu mà) + Clause - Not only (không những) - Only by (prep) (Chỉ bằng cách) + Clause Ex: + Only when you grow up can you understand it. + Only if you tell me the truth can I forgive you. + Not only does he study well, but also he sings well. + Only by studying hard can you pass this exam. 5. Inversions are used in some phrases with “no” - In no way (không bằng cách nào cả) CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – 2 Th.S Huynh Le Minh - At no time (chưa bao giờ) - On no account (không vì một lý do gì) - In/under no circumstances (cho dù thế nào cũng không) Ex: - In no way can you refuse to answer my question. - At no time have I come there. - On no account can you treat her badly like this. - In no circumstances will I betray you (Phản bội) - In no circumstances will I leave you alone (để bạn một mình) 6. Inversions are used with “not a” and “many a” - Not a word did she say. - Not a letter have I received from her. - Many a rose did he give her - Many a book has he read. 7. Inversions take place after “here” and “there” - There comes our mother - Here comes singer My Tam. 8. Inversions are used with “so” and “neither” - I’m a student; I’m a student, too So am I. - I’m not a student; I’m not a student, either Neither am I. - She likes music; He likes music, too So does he. - She doesn’t like music; He doesn’t like music, either Neither does he. - I didn’t sleep well last nigh; She didn’t sleep well last night, either Neither did she. - I haven’t seen it ; I haven’t seen it, either Neither have I. * Notes: Nếu trong câu đầu tiên có chứa một số trạng từ phủ định như hardly, seldom, rarely, never thì để diển đạt sự tương tự người ta dùng either hoặc neither (không dùng so và too). - I hardly meet her nowadays; He hardly meet her nowadays, either Neither does he. 9. Nhóm từ: So, Such Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau: So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ … Ví dụ: • So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.(Tình huống này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được). • So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare. (Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị). Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau: “Such + to be + Danh từ +…” Ví dụ: • Such is the moment that all greats traverse. (Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao). • Such is the stuff of dreams.(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa). Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) In front of the museum is a statue. First came the ambulance, then came the police. (Thoạt đầu là xe cứu thương chạy đến, tiếp sau là cảnh sát.) • Khi một ngữ giới từ làm phó từ chỉ địa điểm hoặc phương hướng đứng ở đầu câu, các nội động từ đặt lên trước chủ ngữ nhưng tuyệt đối không được sử dụng trợ động từ trong loại câu này. Nó rất phổ biến trong văn mô tả khi muốn diễn đạt một chủ ngữ không xác định: Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen. Directly in front of them stood a great castle. On the grass sat an enormous frog. Along the road came a strange procession. • Các phó từ away ( = off ), down, in, off, out, over, round, up... có thể theo sau là một động từ chuyển động và sau đó là một danh từ làm chủ ngữ: – Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up...+ motion verb + noun/noun phrase as a subject. Away went the runners. Down fell a dozen of apples... – Nhưng nếu một đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ phải để sau chủ ngữ: Away they went. Round and round it flew. CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – 2 Th.S Huynh Le Minh Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using inversion 1. She had never been so happy before.  Never …………………………………………………………………………. 2. I have never heard such nonsense!  Never …………………………………………………………………………. 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.  Seldom ………………………………………………………………………. 6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.  Little …………………………………………………………………………. 7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. Little ……………………………………………………………………………. 8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed . Hardly ……………………………………………………………………………. 9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.  In no way ………………………………………………………………………. 10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.  No sooner ………………………………………………………………………. 11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face.  Only when ………………………………………………………………………. 12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances. Under no circumstances …………………………………………………………. 13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice.  Rarely …………………………………………………………………………. 14. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.  So ………………………………………………………………………………. 15. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk. No sooner …………………………………………………………………………. 16. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her. Hardly ……………………………………………………………………………. 17. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later. Only when ………………………………………………………………………. 18. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John. Nowhere …………………………………………………………………………. 19. The outcome of the election was never in doubt. At no time ………………………………………………………………………. 20. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday.  Only by …………………………………………………………………………. MORE EXERCISE I- Find the word that has its underlined part pronounced differently from the other three in each sentence. 1- A.Stone B. alone C. shone D. groan 2. A.exshaust B. luxury C. luxurious D. anxiety 3.A. brushed B. needed C. blasted D. fainted 4. A. latter B. later C. ladder D. latitude 5. A. chronic B. chaos C. chemistry D. chimney II- Find the word which the stress pattern different from that of the other three words in each sentence. 6. A conscientious B. continuous C. delicious D. malicious 7.A. educator B. humorous C. organism D. contaminate 8.A. apprentice B. personality C. hospitality D. popularity 9. A. survey B. miraculous C. tropical D. badminton 10. company B. atmosphere C. employment D. miracle CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – 2 Th.S Huynh Le Minh III- The following text has 8 mistakes. Underline them and write the correction in the space provided next to the line. John Glenn was an oldest human ever to fly into space when he joined the crew of 1. ………………… the space shuttle Discovery in 1998. John was born on July 18, 1921 at Ohio. He 2. ………………… attended Muskingum College in New Concord in the same state, earning a 3. ………………… bachelor’s degree in engineering. Glenn was a fighter pilot in both World War II or 4. ………………… the Korean War. During circling Earth on the Mercury 6 space mission in 1962, 5. ………………… John became the first American making a complete Earth orbit. 6. ………………… Later in 1974, Glenn was elected senator from Ohio, serving until the 1998, and ran 7. ………………… unsuccessful for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988. 8. ………………… IV- Find one appropriate word for each gap to complete the following story. I am a writer, and I work …….(1) home. It doesn’t particularly……(2) where my house is, as long as it is…………(3) nice house. But, last year, my wife ………..(4) a job in a different part of the country. So, we had to move. This was our first ………..(5) of …………(6) one house and selling another at the same time. I wouldn’t like to do it again! We quickly saw the house ……….(7) we wanted. It was then that our problems began: the people who wanted to but our house couldn’t sell ……..(8) and the man …………(9) house we wanted couldn’t find a house he liked. It ………….(10)us months to buy the house. Now, I am not sure if I like it. V- Put the verbs in bracket into the correct forms. 1- If only I (pass)……….……. the exam to the Foreign Trade University. My parents will be very happy if I (study)………….……..at this University. 2- If I (be)……..………you, I (apply) …………….….for the job as soon as possible . 3- The matter (discuss)…………………and (look)…………………..at from all angles. Now I (suggest) ……………..….. we (take) ………………….. a vote on what is to be done. 4- You’d better (have)………….……your car ( service)…………….…….immediately. 5- I don’t think it is worth (spend)……….……. money on it . It (be)…… ….. there in the shop for ages. 6- When I was there two years ago, the building (build) ……………….., but now it (not finish) ………………..…..yet. 7- When I pass his school, I saw him (stand)……………………at the gate (wait)………………. for someone. 8- Did you have any trouble (find)……………….the way to the Foreign Trade University? – Yes, it (take) ………………… me nearly 2 hours to get here. 9- The exam was much easier than I expected. If I(know)…………….……it was so easy I (apply) ……………..… for the Course of bachelors of Business English. 10- Her eyes are red. She (cry)………………….. a lot. VI- Rewrite these sentences. 1- James doesn’t play football as well as he used to.  James used……………………………………………………………………………….. 2- She doesn’t enjoy traveling any more.  No longer………………………………………………………………………………… 3- I regret not going to the air-port to say goodbye to him.  I wish…………………………………………………………………………………….. 4- It is said that he escaped to a neutral country.  He……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5- My suit needs to be cleaned before the interview.  I must…………………………………………………………………………………….. 6- The last time I met her was in 1999  I haven’t…………………………………………………………………………………. 7- Speaking English fluently is not easy.  It …………………………………………………………………………………………. 8- She didn’t know you were in hospital, so she didn’t visit you.  If she had…………………………………………………………………………………. CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – 2 Th.S Huynh Le Minh 9- “ Why didn’t you pay your bills?” Mr Jackson asked his son.  Mr. Jackson wanted to know………………………………………………………………….. 10- He wore glasses and false beard so that. He didn’t want anybody to recognize him.  He wore glasses and a false beard so that…………………………………………………… 11- He wore warm clothes. We didn’t want to get cold.  He wore warm clothes in order……………………………………………………………….. 12- The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it.  The furniture was too…………………………………………………………………………. 13- It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it.  The tea…………………………………………………………………………………………. 14- The fire has destroyed many houses.  Many houses………………………………………………………………………………….. VII. Read the text below. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line My ideal job One thing I know is that I wouldn't like to have an occupation that has anything to do with physics, (1) .................................. or maths; I am not the (2) .................................. type at all. In fact at school, I was a complete (3) .................................. in these subjects. Neither am I very good at dealing with people, nor am I (4) .................................., so jobs in business, administration and (5) .................................. don't really interest me either. Moreover I find it (6) .................................. to be surrounded by a lot of people; I would much rather have a job involving creative work or (7) .................................. skills of some sort. I'd like to have the chance to work outdoors (8) .................................. and perhaps do a bit of travelling too. I am not (9) .................................. concerned about becoming rich but I would like to have a (10) .................................. income - enough to live comfortably. OCCUPY CHEMIST SCIENCE FAIL AMBITION IRRITATE MANAGE ART OCCASION PARTICULAR REASON VIII. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. After each space you are given a clue to the kind of word that is missing. REGRETS Most of us (0) are always forgetting important dates, apart (1)......................................... (preposition) the lucky few (2) .................................. (relative pronoun) are blessed with a good memory or the ability to organize (3) .................................. (reflexive pronoun) so they don't forget important obligations. How many times (4) .................................. (auxiliary verb) we all said, "I wish I had remembered!" How (5) .................................. (adverb of frequency) have we offended people by failing to remember (6) .................................. (pronoun) birthdays or name days? (7) .................................. (conjunction) they say it doesn't matter, we know, deep down, that we (8) ..................................(auxiliary verb) hurt their feelings. We can always try to make it (9) .................................. (preposition) to them next time but unfortunately the damage has (10) .................................. (auxiliary verb) done and our relationship with that person (11) .................................. (modal verb, future) never quite be the same again. On the other hand, we sometimes do (12) .................................. (very or too?) much for someone else because we want to please them and then feel we have damaged (13) .................................. (pronoun) own interests in doing so. When friends (14) .................................. ( auxiliary verb) involved we may find it difficult to say "no" when they ask us to (15) .................................. ( do or make?) them a favor, but true friendship should mean that we can say "no" without risk to relationship. CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – 2 Th.S Huynh Le Minh Xem đáp án Bài 1: 1. She had never been so happy before. --> Never had she been so happy before. 2. I have never heard such nonsense! --> Never have I heard such nonsense! 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. --> Never have I seen such a mess in my life. 4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. --> Seldom has public borrowing been so high. 5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. --> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony. 6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. --> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success. 7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. --> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent. 8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed. --> Hardly had I begun to apologise when the door closed. 9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property. --> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property. 10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony. --> No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony. 11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face. --> Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the comment. 12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances. --> Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals. 13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice. --> Rarely did the artist pay any attention to his agent’s advice. Bài 2: 1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted. –> So great was her grief that she almost fainted. 2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk. –> No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter. 3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her. –> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her. 4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later. –> Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed. 5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John. –> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John. 6. The outcome of the election was never in doubt. –> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt. 7. He forgot about the gun until he got home. –> Not until he got home did he remember about the gun. 8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday. –> Only by training hard everyday can you become a good athlete. Đáp án I- 1-C 2-B 3-A 4-B 5-D II 6-A 7- D 8-A 9-B 10- C III- 1-ann n the 2- at n in 3- a n the 4- or n and 5- during n when 6- making n to make 7- the n 0 8-Unsuccessful n unsuccessfully IV- 1- at 2- matter 3- a 4- had/got 5-time/ experience 6- buying 7- which/that 8- theirs 9- whose 10- took V- 1- passed- study 2- were/ would apply 3- has been discussed/ looked / suggest/ (should) take. 4- have/ serviced 5- spending/ has been 6- was being built/ has not been finished. 7- standing/ waiting 8- finding/ took 9- had known/ would have applied CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – 2 Th.S Huynh Le Minh VI- 1- James used to play football better than /he does now/now. 2- No longer does he enjoy traveling. 3- I wish I had gone to the airport to say goodbye to him. 4- He is said to have escaped to a neutral country. 5- I must have my suit cleaned before the interview. 6- I haven’t met her since 1999. 7- It is not easy to speak English fluently. 8-If she had known you were in hospital, she would have visited you. 9-Mr Jackson wanted to know why his son had not paid his bills. 10- He wore glasses and a false beard so that nobody could recognize him. 11- He wore warm clothes in order not to get cold. 12- The furniture was too expensive for me to buy. 13- The tea was so hot that I couldn’t drink. 14- Many houses have been destroyed by the fire. VI. 1. chemistry 3. failure 5. management 7. artistic 9. particularly 2. scientific 4. ambitious 6. irritating 8. occasionally 10. reasonable VII. 1. from 2. who 3. themselves 4. have 5. often 6. their 7. although 8. have 9. up 10. been 11. can 12. too 13 our 14. are 15. do CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – 2 Th.S Huynh Le Minh .Under no cicumstances + trợ động từ ,tobe, ĐTKT,...+ S+ V ,. clause Với bất cứ giá nào........... Not only+ TĐT,tobe, ĐTKT,.....+S+V, but also.......... Không chỉ...............mà còn 2. Tưong tự : No sooner................than............... Hardly........................when................ ( Ngay khi..........) Scarely....................when................. Seldom , never, rare ly : thường dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn hơn cả, never thì có thể dùng ở thì HTHT nữa 3. Not untill + mốc thời gian/ Mệnh đề + that..........( không cho tới khi.........) Only by , only in..........+ nếu có 2 cụm chủ vĩ thì đảo ngữ MĐ chính lên ( Chỉ bằng........) Ngoài ra là cấu trúc đảo ngữ của mệnh đề điều kiện Loại 1 : Should+ S+ Vo , S + will + V Loại 2 : Were+ S + Adj/ to+ V , S + would / should ..........+ Vo Loại 3.: Had + S + V3 + ................ , S + would have / had + V3 Câu khi đảo ngữ thì vẫn dịch ra như bình thường thui bạn, hầu như ít thay đổi nghĩa INVERSION ● Khi cần nhấn mạnh cho chủ ngữ, các Trạng từ mang ý nghĩa phủ định có thể đảo ra đầu câu. Khi đó có sự đảo ngữ (inversion) giữa chủ ngữ và Trợ động từ. Hardly Rarely Seldom + auxiliary + subject + verb . . . Never Only ... John hardly remembers the accident that took his sister's life. Hardly does John remember the accident that took his sister's life. ● Một số cụm Trạng từ mang ý nghĩa phủ định được đặt ở đầu câu cũng cần đảo ngữ • In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không. Under no circumstances should you lend him the money. • On no account: Dù bất kỳ lí do nào cũng không . . . On no account must this switch be touched. • Only in this way: Chỉ bằng cách này Only in this way could the problem be solved ● Đảo ngữ với Nor sau một mệnh đề phủ định Negative ..., nor + auxiliary + S + V He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow. ● Các Cụm Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn hay trật tự thời gian đặt ở đầu câu cũng áp dụng đảo ngữ nhưng không dùng Trợ động từ trong trường hợp này. Adverb phrase of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) In front of the museum is a statue. First came the ambulance, then came the police. ● Các Cụm Trạng từ chỉ địa điểm hoặc phương hướng đi với các nội động từ (intransitive verb) cũng có thể đặt ở đầu câu và có đảo ngữ nhưng không dùng Trợ động từ. Cách viết thường gặp trong lối văn mô tả. CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – 2 Adverb phrase + instransitive verb + S (no auxiliary) Th.S Huynh Le Minh Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen. Directly in front of them stood a great castle. On the grass sat an enormous frog. Along the road came a strange procession. Đảo ngữ(Inversions) Thông thường, một câu kể (câu trần thuật) bao giờ cũng bắt đầu bằng chủ ngữ và tiếp theo sau là một động từ. Tuy nhiên, trật tự của câu như trên có thể bị thay đổi khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh. Lúc đó xuất hiện hiện tượng "Đảo ngữ" Đảo ngữ được thể hiện ở các dạng sau: Not until + phrase/clause... Ex.: Not until 10 p.m. yesterday did he come home. Not until I left home did I realize what he had meant. Neither, nor và được dùng để diễn tả người hay sự vật này tương tự như người, vật hay sự vật khác (kia): Ex: a/ Tom is ill today. So is Tom.. b/ I can’t understand Spainish. Nor can I. Seldom, rarely và never được nhấn mạnh với nhấn mạnh với mục đích so sánh: Ex.: Seldom had I seen such a terrible thing Only, not only, not until được nhấn mạnh và đặt ở đầu câu Ex.: Only learning hard can you pass the exam. Hardly…. When, scarcely……when và no sooner…… than được dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ran ngay sau một hành động khác. Ex.: Hardly had I arrived when I heard a terrible explosion. No sooner had I left than it started to rain. Các cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn được nhấn mạnh. Ex.: Near the old pagoda is a red flower tree.  ... finding/ took 9- had known/ would have applied CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – Th.S Huynh Le Minh VI- 1- James used to play football better than /he does now/now 2- No longer does he enjoy traveling 3- I... VII from who themselves have often their although have up 10 been 11 can 12 too 13 our 14 are 15 CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – Th.S Huynh Le Minh Under no cicumstances + trợ động từ ,tobe, ĐTKT,... survey B miraculous C tropical D badminton 10 company B atmosphere C employment D miracle CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI HSG – Th.S Huynh Le Minh III- The following text has mistakes Underline them and write