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MASTER THE SAT 2004 MASTER THE SAT 2004 Phil Pine An ARCO Book ARCO is a registered trademark of Thomson Learning, Inc., and is used herein under license by Peterson’s. About The Thomson Corporation and Peterson’s With revenues of US$7.8 billion, The Thomson Corporation (www.thomson.com) is a leading global provider of integrated information solutions for business, education, and professional customers. Its Learning businesses and brands (www.thomsonlearning.com) serve the needs of individuals, learning institutions, and corporations with products and services for both traditional and distributed learning. Peterson’s, part of The Thomson Corporation, is one of the nation's most respected providers of lifelong learning online resources, software, reference guides, and books. The Education Supersite SM at www.petersons.com—the Internet’s most heavily traveled education re- source—has searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting U.S accredited institutions and programs. In addition, Peterson’s serves more than 105 million education consumers annually. For more information, contact Peterson’s, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648; 800-338-3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at: www.petersons.com/about. COPYRIGHT © 2004 Peterson’s, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning TM is a trademark used herein under license. Previous editions © 2001, 2002, 2003 Acknowledgments We would like to thank Judith Berg, Charlotte Klaar, and Andrew Bryan for their invaluable help, insight, and advice in creating this book. Their knowledge and experience provided us with critical feedback during all stages of this book’s production and ultimately helped us create a comprehensive yet concise test-prep resource. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval sys- tems—without the prior written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, contact us by Phone: 800-730-2214 Fax: 800-730-2215 Web: www.thomsonrights.com ISSN: International Standard Serial Number information available upon request. ISBN (book only): 0-7689-1208-3 ISBN (book with CD-ROM): 0-7689-1207-5 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 05 04 03 v Contents Introduction xv How This Book Helps You Succeed on the Exam xv How to Use This Book xvi You’re on Your Way to Success xvii About the CD xvii PART I SAT BASICS Chapter 1: Getting Started 3 How the SAT Is Used for College Admission 3 When You Should Take the SAT (and SAT II) 3 How Many Times You Should Take the SAT 4 How to Register for the SAT 5 Make an SAT Study Plan 5 Working through Your Study Plan 6 Summary: What You Need to Know about SAT Preparation 9 Chapter 2: Inside the SAT 11 Get to Know the SAT Format 11 Get to Know the SAT Question Types 12 The SAT Answer Sheet 13 How the SAT Is Scored 15 Some Test-Wise Strategies for SAT Success 15 Educated Guessing Will Boost Your Score! 16 Getting Ready: The Night before and the Day of the Test 18 Summary: Understand the SAT and Conquer Test Anxiety 20 vi Contents www.petersons.com/arco Master the SAT Chapter 3: SAT Questions: A First Look 21 How the SAT Tests Verbal Reasoning 21 Understanding Analogies 21 Understanding Sentence Completions 23 Understanding Critical Reading 24 How the SAT Tests Mathematical Reasoning 25 Understanding Multiple-Choice Math 25 Understanding Quantitative Comparisons 29 Understanding Grid-Ins 31 Summary: What You Need to Know about the SAT Question Types 32 PART II DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES Chapter 4: Diagnostic Test 35 Diagnostic Test 37 Answer Key 65 Explanatory Answers 67 Computing Your Scores 78 Conversion Scales 79 Self-Evaluation Charts 79 Pinpointing Relative Strengths and Weaknesses 80 Measuring Your Progress 81 PART III SAT VERBAL STRATEGIES Chapter 5: SAT Analogy Strategies 85 A Closer Look at Analogies 85 Solving Analogies: Strategies That Really Work 86 Solving Analogies: The Best Tips 90 Contents vii Master the SAT www.petersons.com/arco Solving Analogies: The Most Important Warnings 93 Exercise: Identifying Possible Right Answers 94 Exercise Answers 95 Summary: What You Need to Know about Analogies 96 Exercises: Analogies 97 Answer Keys and Explanations 103 Chapter 6: SAT Sentence Completion Strategies 107 A Closer Look at Sentence Completions 107 Methods and Strategies for Solving Sentence Completions 108 Summary: What You Need to Know about Sentence Completions 114 Exercises: Sentence Completions 115 Answer Keys and Explanations 123 Chapter 7: SAT Critical Reading Strategies 127 A Closer Look at Critical Reading 127 Best Strategies for Answering Critical Reading Questions 128 Learn the Most Important Critical Reading Tips 134 Strategies for Answering Specific Question Types 136 Summary: What You Need to Know about Critical Reading 140 Exercises: Critical Reading 141 Answer Keys and Explanations 152 PART IV SAT MATH STRATEGIES Chapter 8: SAT Multiple-Choice Math Strategies 159 Why Multiple-Choice Math Is Easier 159 Solving Multiple-Choice Math Questions 160 Know When to Use Your Calculator 162 viii Contents www.petersons.com/arco Master the SAT Learn the Most Important Multiple-Choice Math Tips 162 Summary: What You Need to Know about Multiple-Choice Math 172 Exercises: Multiple-Choice Math 173 Answer Keys and Explanations 178 Chapter 9: SAT Quantitative Comparison Strategies 181 Get to Know the Quantitative Comparison Format 181 Solving Quantitative Comparisons 182 Learn the Most Important Quantitative Comparison Tips 184 The Best Tips 190 The Most Important Warnings 191 Summary: What You Need to Know about Quantitative Comparisons 195 Exercises: Quantitative Comparisons 196 Answer Keys and Explanations 201 Chapter 10: SAT Grid-In Strategies 205 Why Grid-Ins Are Easier than You Think 205 Take a Look at a Grid 205 How to Record Your Answers 206 Guessing on Grid-Ins Can’t Hurt You 210 Summary: What You Need to Know about Grid-Ins 211 Exercises: Grid-Ins 212 Answer Explanations 217 PART V SAT VOCABULARY PREP COURSE Chapter 11: How Word Parts Work 221 How Words are Built 221 The Three Basic Word Parts and How They Work 222 Contents ix Master the SAT www.petersons.com/arco List of Common Word Parts 223 Summary: What You Need to Know about Word Parts 236 Exercises: Word Parts 237 Answer Keys 240 Chapter 12: The SAT “Top 500” Word List 241 The Best Ways To Learn New Words 241 The Top 500 SAT Words 242 Summary: What You Need to Know about SAT Words 263 Exercises: SAT Words 264 Answer Keys 270 PART VI SAT MATH REVIEW Chapter 13: SAT Arithmetic Review 273 Operations with Whole Numbers and Decimals 273 Operations with Fractions 277 Verbal Problems Involving Fractions 282 Variation 287 Finding Percents 292 Verbal Problems Involving Percent 299 Averages 305 Chapter 14: SAT Algebra Review 311 Signed Numbers 311 Linear Equations 314 Exponents 319 Quadratic Equations 322 Literal Expressions 327 Roots and Radicals 331 Monomials and Polynomials 335 x Contents www.petersons.com/arco Master the SAT Problem-Solving in Algebra 339 Inequalities 345 Defined Operation Problems 350 Chapter 15: SAT Geometry Review 353 Area 353 Perimeter 354 Circles 355 Volume 356 Triangles 357 Right Triangles 358 Parallel Lines 359 Polygons 360 Similar Polygons 361 Coordinate Geometry 362 PART VII PRACTICE TESTS Chapter 16: Five Practice Examinations 373 Simulate Test-Taking Conditions 373 Timing Drills Can Help When You are Short on Time 374 Summary: What You Need to Know to Take Practice Tests and Do Timing Drills 376 Practice Test 1 379 Answers and Explanations 407 Practice Test 2 423 Answers and Explanations 452 Practice Test 3 469 Answers and Explanations 498 Practice Test 4 515 Answers and Explanations 545 [...]... Appendix A: The New SAT and PSAT 663 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ PART IX THE SAT AND BEYOND ○ How Your Selection Index Can Qualify You for ○ How to Interpret and Use Your PSAT Scores 611 ○ Get to Know the PSAT Format 611 ○ How the PSAT Differs from the SAT 610 ○ Why the Student Search Survey Is Important 610 ○ How to Register for the PSAT/NMSQT 609 ○ Chapter 17: Preparing for PSAT/NMSQT ... admission? • When should you take the test? • How many times should you plan to take the SAT? • How do the PSAT and SAT differ from each other? • Do all PSAT, SAT, and SAT II scores “count” in the college admissions game? By addressing these questions, Master the SAT debunks prevailing myths and helps you put the SAT into its proper perspective It also serves as your “college guidance counselor,” giving... benefit a great deal from the SAT The SAT provides a single, standardized means of comparison After all, virtually every student takes the SAT, and the SAT is the same for everyone It doesn’t matter whether you hail from Maine, Maryland, or Montana ○ HOW THE SAT IS USED FOR COLLEGE ADMISSION ○ Learn how the SAT is used for college admission Decide when you should take the SAT (and SAT II) Understand how many... THE EXAM ○ Master the SAT does not offer an “easy way” to improve your SAT scores That’s because there really is no “easy way out” when it comes to SAT preparation But for students who take their preparation seriously, Master the SAT can help dramatically improve their scores ○ Arco’s Master the SAT was prepared by SAT experts who have spent thousands of hours researching the SAT and studying its patterns—and... (or PSAT test in Part VIII) ○ ○ ○ Here’s a list that highlights your goals for forming and following an SAT study plan: ○ ○ ○ For more information about what to do the day before the SAT, see “Some Test-Wise Strategies for SAT Success on page 15 parisons Then you ○ ○ ○ One last word of advice: no matter what study plan you select, you should probably take one full-timed SAT the week before the SAT. .. PSAT/NMSQT 656 ○ ○ Pinpointing Relative Strengths and Weaknesses on the ○ ○ ○ Answers and Explanations 645 ○ ○ PSAT/NMSQT Practice Test 617 ○ ○ PSAT/NMSQT 614 ○ ○ Summary: What You Need to Know about the ○ ○ ○ National Merit 612 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ www .petersons. com/arco ○ Master the SAT ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ What Does It Mean for You? 667 ○ ○ ○ Why? 666 ○ ○ PSAT... THE SAT (AND SAT II) When you decide which schools you’re going to apply to, find out if they require the SAT Most do! Your next step is to determine when they need your SAT scores Write that date down That’s the one you really don’t want to miss 3 ○ One explicitly stated purpose of the SAT is to predict how students will perform academically as college freshmen But the more practical purpose of the SAT. .. You won’t get GET TO KNOW THE SAT QUESTION TYPES ○ ○ questions count the ○ ○ On the SAT, all ○ ○ TIP ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ easy ones quickly ○ ○ to go through the ○ ○ easiest to hardest Try FORMAT OF A TYPICAL SAT I (continued) ○ ○ usually go from ○ ○ The questions in a set ○ ○ TIP ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ PART I: SAT Basics ○ 12 www .petersons. com/arco Master the SAT 13 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○... require SAT II (subject tests), here’s one good piece of advice: try to take SAT II tests immediately after you finish the subject(s) in school For most of you, this means taking the SAT II exams in June By taking the exam then, you’ll save an awful lot of review work Remember this, too: you have to register for the SAT II tests separately, and you can’t take the subject tests on the same day as the SAT. .. proofread your applications and essays ❑ Take the November SAT I or SAT II; prepare for December ACT Assessment ❑ Send first-quarter grades to colleges; send test scores (include ETS numbers) for ED/EA applications and regular admissions OCTOBER ❑ Register for December ACT Assessment, December SAT I, or November SAT II ❑ Take October ACT Assessment, October SAT I exam ❑ Draw up a master schedule of application