Thiết kế bài giảng vật lý nâng cao lớp 11 tập 1

Thiết kế bài giảng vật lý nâng cao lớp 11 tập 1 tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về...

TRAN THUY HANG HA DUYEN TUNG TRAN THUY HANG - HA DUYfiN TONG THIET KE BAI QIANG NANG CAO T|P MOI NHA XUAT BAN HA N6I Ldi NOI DAU Thiet ke'bai giing Vit Ii 11 nang cao dugc vid't theo chudng trinh sach giao khoa (SGK) mdi ban banh nSm 2006 - 2007. Sach gidi thidu mdt each thie't kd'bai giang Vat li nang cao theo tinh thin ddi mdi phuOng phap day - hgc, nham phat huy tinh tich cUc nhan thiic cua hgc sinh (HS). V^" ndi dung : Sach bam sat n6i dung sach giao khoa Vat li 11 theo chuong trinh nang cao. O mdi tid't^ sach chi ro muc tidu v^ kie'n thiic, ki nSng, cac cdng viec chua'n bi ciia giao vidn (GV) va HS, cac phirong tidn hd trO giang day c^n thie't, nham dam bao chd't lUdng tifng bai, ttoig tid't len ldp. Ngoai ra sach cd mci rdng, bo sung thdm mdt sd' ndi dung lidn quan tdi bai hgc bang nhidu hoat ddng nhSm cung ca'p thdm tif lidu dd cac thiy, c6 giao tham khao vSn dung tuy theo dd'i tUOng HS titng dia phucfng. y% phuung phap day hoc : Sach duOc tridn khai theo hu6ng tich cUc boa boat ddng cua HS, la'y ccf sof cua mdi boat ddng la nhiing vide lam cua HS ducii su hu6ng dSn, phu hdp v6i dac trung mdn hgc nhu : thi nghidm, thao luan, thuc hanh, nhim phat huy tinh ddc lap, tU giac cua HS. DSc bidt, sach rat chii trgng khau thuc hanh trong tutig bai hgc, ddng thcfi ciing chi ro tiing hoat ddng cu thd cua GV va HS trong mdt tid'n trinh day hgc, coi day la bai hoat ddng cung nhau trong do ca HS va GV la chu thd'. Chung tdi hi vgng cud'n sach nay se la mdt cdng cu thid't thuc, gop phin hd trd cac thiy, cd giao giang day mdn Vat Ii 11 trong vide nang cao hidu qua bai giang cua minh. _ Cac tac gia Phdn mdt E>IEN HOC - E>I$N TtTHOC CHUONG I. DIEN TfCH - DIEN TRl/dNG BAII DifiNTICH. DINHLUATCU-L6NG I-MUCTlfiU l.Ve'ki^n thiic - Ciing cd', khac sau mdt sd khdi nidm da hgc d chuong trinh THCS : hai loai didn tich, vat nhidm didn, vecto luc. Budc diu tim hidu khai niem vd ba cdch nhidm didn cho cac vat. - Di xuS^t dugc phuong an thi nghidm kidm tra du doan vd su nhidm didn do tidjp xdc. - Bie't dugc tac dung ciia didn nghidm vk cdch sii dung didn nghidm. -Hidu dugc khai nidm didn tich didm, hang sddidn mdi. - Bidt dugc phuong, chidu vk dd Idfn cua luc tuong tac giiJa cdc didn tich didm trong chan khdng (dinh luat Cu-I6ng) v^ trong didn mdi, bidu didn dugc cac luc tuong tac do. - Van dung dugc cdng thiic tmh Iitc tuong tdc giffa cdc didn tich didm trong chan khdng vk tt-ong didn mdi dd lam mdt s6 b^i tap don gidn. - Bidt sir dung quy tdc hinh binh hanh dd tim luc tdng hgp tac dungTdn mdt didn tfch didm. 2. Vi ki nSng - Quan sat thi nghidm bidu didn ciia gido vidn, tii kd't qua thf nghidm rut ra hidn tugng vat ll quan sat dugc. - Bidu didn dugc cac vectcf luc tdc dung ldn didn tich didm - Giai dugc mdt s6 bai todn vd dd ldn ciia luc tucfng tdc gifia hai didn tich didm dat Uong chan khdng va trong mdi tru&ng didn mdi. B-CHUINBI Gido vien - Chudn bi mdt didn nghidm (c6 thd tiit lam bang vo Ion, chai nhua v^ cdc vat lidu don gian), thanh kim loai. - Chu^ bi phie'u hgc tap. Hpc sinh - On lai cac kidn thiic da hgc b chucfng tiinh vat If ldp 7, 8 THCS vd su nhiem didn do eg xat, cae loai dien tieh, luc tuong tac gifla cdc vat tich didn, luc, vecto luc, each bieu didn luc. in - THif T Kfi HOAT DONG DAY HOC Hoat ddng cua hoc sinh Boat dong 1 Kiem tra, chudn bi dieu kien xuat phat. Dat van de. Suy n^hi cd nhan tim cau tra Icfi : Co hai loai dien tfch la didn tfch duong va didn tfch am. Luc tucfng tdc gifla chiing co thd la luc hiit hoac luc dly. a) *-Q ©-^ Ca nhan nhan thiic dugc vdh dd cua bai bgc. Trd giup cua giao vi§n GV ndu cau hoi ki^m tra cac ki^n thflc da hgc: - K^ tdn cac loai didn tich ma cdc em da dugc hgc ? Luc tuong tac gifla chiing co dac didm gi ? GV dung hinh ve cac loai dien tich va ydu cdu HS xdc dinh phuong chi^u ciia cac luc tuong tdc gifla cac didn tich do. a) © © ") © 0 0 0 0 Dat vah de : Trong chuong trinh THCS chiing ta co thd xac dinh dugc dugc phucfng, chidu cua cac luc tuong tdc gifla cdc didn tich. Bdi hgc hdm nay chiing ta nghidn ciiu vi ddldn ciia cdc luc tuong tdc do. Boat ddng 2 Tim hieu sir nhidm dien cua cdc vM Cd nhan ti^p thu, ghi nhd. Suy nghT ca nhan tim cau tra Icri. HSl : Ngucfi ta eg xdt thanh thuy tinh vdi lua thi thanh thuy tinh se nhilm didn. Mu6n bid't thanh thuy tinh c6 nhidm didn hay khdng ngucri ta dua no lai gin cac mlu gidy vun di xem no co hiit cdc mlu gidy vun khdng. HS2 : Cg xat thanh thuy tinh vdi mdt vat bat ki (vai khd, lua, ). Nd'u sau cg xdt thanh thuy tinh co kha ndng but cdc vat nhe (vun gidy, mlu bdng, bdc, ) hoac lam loe sdng bong den ciia but thtr didn thi chihig to Uianb thuy tinh da nhidm didn. HS3 : Co thi kidm tra tinh nhi^m didn bang cdch cho tucfng tdc vdi mdt vat nhidm didn khae. B6 sung cdc kid'n thiic vd don vi didn tfch va didn tfch ciia electron Thdng bdo : - Don vi didn tfch la culdng, kl hidu Id C. - Didn tich ciia electron c6 gid tri Uiydt dd'i la e = 1,6.10"'^C GV ndu cau hoi ve vdn dd cin nghidn ciiu : - Bang each ndo c6 thd lam cho thanh thuy tinh nhidm didn ? Dd kidm tra xem thanh thuy tinh c6 dugc nhidm didn hay khdng ngufifi ta lam nhu th^ nao ? GV nhdn xet cdc cau tra Idi. GV gidi thidu chid'c didn nghidm. — Dd kidm tra xem thanh thuy tinh c6 nhidm didn hay khdng ngucri ta con co mdt dung cu thf nghidm nfla co tdn ggi la didn nghidm. Cd nhan tid'p thu, ghi nhd. Cd nhan quan sdt, thao ludn nhdm dd tim ra nguydn tie hoat ddng cua didn nghidm. HS thao ludn chung todn Idp. - Vi didn tich dugc truydn tfl vdt bi nhidm didn d^n hai Id kim loai ciia didn nghidm Idm cha hai Id kim loai dd nhidm didn ciing ddu vd dly nhau. - Diing mdt vat da dugc nhidm didn cho tid'p xiic vdi vdt chua dugc nhidm didn. HS thao ludn chung toan ldp. - Dimg mdt vdt da nhidm didn trudc la thanh thuy tinh hoac thanh kim loai. Vdt cin nhidm didn Phuang dn 1 : Thdng bdo : Khi mOt vdt nhidm didn cham vdo num kim loai thi didn tich truydn d^n hai Id kim loai. Do d6 hai la kim loai dly nhau vd xoe ra. Didn tich truydn cho hai Id cdng Idn thi gdc xoe cdng ldn. Phuang dn 2 : Nd'u cd didu kien GV cd thd tid'n hdnh nhanh thi nghidm vdi dien nghidm dd HS tu nit ra nguydn tic boat ddng ciia didn nghidm. GV ndu cdu hoi vd vdn dd cin nghidn ciiu tidp theo. - 6 trdn ta da bid't mdt cdch nhidm didn cho vat bdng cdch cg xdt, cd thd Idm cho mdt vdt nhidm didn bdng cdch ndc nfla khdng? GV neu cdu hdi ggi y. - Tai sao hai Id kim loai cua didn nghidm lai xofe ra ? - Cd thd dp dung didu dd dd 1dm cho mdt vat nhidm didn dugc khdng ? N^u dugc phdi Idm thd' nao ? GV ndu cdu hdi dd xudt phuong an tW nghidm di kidm tra. - Thi^t k^ phuong an thf nghidm dd kidm tra du doan trdn ? 88 [...]... dugc bang each dat ra cdc cdu hdi nhu : khi cac didn tfch didm dat trong dien mdi ddng tinh thi luc tuong 11 tra Idi cac cdu hdi eua GV tdc gifla chiing thay ddi nhu thd' nao ? Bidu thiic nao didn ta didu dd ? , F12 r , P - 1 , ^ 1 ^ 2 ^12 ! Ql HS thao ludn chung toan Idp, ca nhdn tra Idi: ! P 21 tl2 GV neu cdu hdi dd hgc sinh xdy dung cdng thiic xdc dinh luc Cu-Idng dudi dang vecto - Ggi F|2 vd ijj... 2 va T^2 ? 1 er r,2 - Ggi F 21 ^^ Iv^c ma dien tieh qj tac dung len didn tfch qi, thi bidu thiic todn hgc nao bidu didn mdi quan hd gifla hai luc F2 vd F,2 ? Boat ddng F2, 5 =-Fi2 Cung co' bdi hgc va dinh hirdng nhiem vu hgc tdp tiep theo Hodn thanh bdi 1, 2 SGK ' HS boat ddng cd nhdn, sau dd trao ddi nhdm va dai dien nhdtn ldn bdo cao ke't qua phi^u hgc tap Ca nhdn nhdn nhidm vu hgc tap 1 12 Hudng dan... didn trudng PHlfiu HOC T^LP S 6 1 cau 1, Tai sao cac dudng sflc khdng bao gid cdt nhau ? Cku 2 Chflng mmh rang tai mdi didm ttong didn trudng ta chi ve dugc mdt va chi mdt dudng sflc didn chay qua ? 31 Cau 3 Cd trudng hgp nao dudng sflc khdng xuSit phat tfl cac didn tfch duong va tan cung d didn tfch dm khdng ? Lay vi du ? PHIEU HOC TAP S 6 2 Cau 1 Mdt hat bui khdi lugng 3 .10 "^kg dugc tfch dien tfch 3|iC... lien he gifta cudng dd didn trudng va hidu didn th^ 3-TKBGV.L 11( NC] 33 II-CHUAN BI Gido vien - Chuin bi mdt tTnh didn ke - Chuan bi phie'u hgc tdp Hpc sinh - On lai khai nidm ve cdng d ldp 10 THPT - On lai luc tuong tac Cu - Idng, eudng dd didn trudng Ill - THlfiT K£'HOAT DONG DAY HOC Boat ddng cua hoc sinh Trg giiip cua giao vidn Boat dong 1 Kiem tra, chu^n hi dieu kien xuait phat B\D Cd nhdn suy nghT... tap tie'p theo Ca nhan nhdn nhiem vu hgc tap 20 Ydu clu HS hoan thanh bai 1, 2 SGK GV ydu clu HS Idm vide d nha : - Lam bdi tap trong phid'u hgc tap sd 2 - On lai khai nidm tfl trudng, tfl phd, dudng siic tfl d ldp 9 THCS - On lai khai nidm vd trudng hSip din d ldp 10 THPT - On Iai luc tuong tac Cu-idng PHl£u HOC T A P S O 1 C5u 1 Hidn tugng gi xay ra ndu cho thanh thuy tinh cg xat vao midhg lua? Giai... tuc boat ddng cd nhdn, sau dd trao ddi nhdm va dai didn nhdm ldn bao cao kd't qua • Hidn tugng nhidm didn do cg xdt: - Khi cg xdt thi dlectron se dich chuydn tir thanh thuy tinh sang mid'ng lua, do dd thanh thuy tinh nhidm didn duong, mid'ng lua nhidm didn dm Ca nhdn tid'p thu, ghi nhd 16 GV ydu clu HS Idm vide vdi phid'u hgc tapsd 1 GV cd thd ndu cdc cdu hdi ggi ^^: - Thanh thiiy tinh cd mdt sd eiecU-on,... electron ndn nhidm dien dugng, cdn diu kia nhidm didn am Ca nhdn tiep thu kidn thdc - Sd dlectron trong thanh kim loai khdng thay ddi, chi thay ddi su phan bd dlectron Ca nhan tidp thu, ghi nhd 2-TKBGV.L 11( NC) - Nhan xet ve su nhidm dien cua thanh kim loai nhidm didn am va qua clu ming hoa vd dien sau khi da cho chiing tid'p xiic vdi nhau ? - Khi tie'p xuc, electron se dich chuydn nhu the' nao ? - Giai... kd't qua thi nghidm cua minh Lhanh dinh ludt Cu-Idng GV thdng bao ndi dung dinh luat Culdng, chii y giai thfch eac dai lugng cd trong bieu thiic eua dinh luat 10 Bidu thiic : F = k qiq2 Trong dd: r la khoang each gifla hai dien tich qi, q2 k = 9 .10 ^1ahesdtild Ca nhan tu thu thap thdng tin vd tra Idi cac cdu hdi ciia GV Khi day muc nay GV cung cd thd cho HS tu dgc SGK va kidm tra thdng tin ma HS thu thap... Idn khdc nhau Sau khi dugc cho cham vdo nhau rdi tach ra thi chiing se ludn A dly nhau B hdt nhau C trung hod vd didn D khdng dly va cung khdng hdt nhau 21 BAI3 DifiNTRUCJNG I - MUC Tl£U 1 Vi ki#'n thiic - Tfl khai nidm ve trudng hip din d ldp 10 THPT dua ra dugc khai nidm vd didn trudng, tfnh chit co ban ciia dien trudng - Phdt bidu duge dinh nghia vecto cudng dd didn trudng Hidu dugc cudng dd didn... dai didn nhdm ldn bao cao ket qua - Dat didn tfch thfl q tai vi trf r, dd Idn cua luc didn tdc dung vao didn tfch thfl dd la : GV ndu cdu hdi vd vSfli dd cin nghidn ciiu - Xac dinh cudng dd didn trudng tai mdt diem gdy ra bdi mdt didn tich didm Q dat ttong didn mdi vd han va cdch didn tich didm Q mdt khoang r ? GV ndu cdu hdi ggi y : F = 9 .10 'W sr Ap dung cdng thflc : E=£z^E=9 .10 'M q er - N^u Q > 0 . didm dat trong dien mdi ddng tinh thi luc tuong 11 tra Idi cac cdu hdi eua GV. HS thao ludn chung toan Idp, ca nhdn tra Idi: P -1, ^1^ 2 ^12 er r,2 F2, =-Fi2 Boat ddng 5. Cung co'. HA DUYfiN TONG THIET KE BAI QIANG NANG CAO T|P MOI NHA XUAT BAN HA N6I Ldi NOI DAU Thiet ke'bai giing Vit Ii 11 nang cao dugc vid't theo chudng trinh sach giao. cdng cu thid't thuc, gop phin hd trd cac thiy, cd giao giang day mdn Vat Ii 11 trong vide nang cao hidu qua bai giang cua minh. _ Cac tac gia Phdn mdt E>IEN HOC - E>I$N