Lớp 11 Ôn tập Sự điện ly

13 16 18 20 www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 s 52,00 Crom Cr [Ar]3d 5 4s 1 24 95,94 Mo [Kr]4d 5 5s 1 42 183,85 Vonfram W [Ar]4f 14 5d 5 6s 1 74 [226] Seabogi Sg [Ar]5f 14 6d 5 7s 1 106 54,94 Mangan Mn [Ar]3d 5 4s 2 25 [99] Tecneti Tc [Kr]4d 5 5s 2 43 186,2 Rheni Re [Ar]4f 14 5d 5 6s 2 75 [264] Bhori Bh [Ar]5f 14 6d 5 7s 2 107 55,85 Fe [Ar]3d 6 4s 2 26 101,07 Rhuteni Ru [Kr]4d 6 5s 2 44 190,2 Osmi Os [Ar]4f 14 5d 6 6s 2 76 [264] Hassi Hs [Ar]5f 14 6d 6 7s 2 108 58,93 Coban Co [Ar]3d 7 4s 2 27 102,91 Rh [Kr]4d 7 5s 2 45 192,2 Ir [Ar]4f 14 5d 7 6s 2 77 [268] Meitneri Mt [Ar]5f 14 6d 7 7s 2 109 58,69 Niken Ni [Ar]3d 8 4s 2 28 106,40 Pd [Kr]4d 8 5s 2 46 195,09 Plantin Pt [Ar]4f 14 5d 8 6s 2 78 [271] Ununnili Uun [Ar]5f 14 6d 8 7s 2 110 10,81 Bo B 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 5 26,98 Nhôm Al [Ne]2s 2 2p 1 13 69,72 Galli Ga [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 1 31 114,8 In [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 1 49 204,4 Tali Tl [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 1 81 113 12,01 Cacbon C 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 6 28,09 Silic Si [Ne]2s 2 2p 2 14 72,61 Germani Ge [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 2 32 118,7 Sn [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 2 50 207,2 Chì Pb [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 2 82 [289] Uuq 114 14,01 N 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 7 30,97 Photpho P [Ne]2s 2 2p 3 15 74,92 Arsenic As [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 3 33 121,8 Antimon Ab [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 3 51 209,0 Bismut Bi [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 3 83 115 16,00 Oxi O 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 8 32,07 S [Ne]2s 2 2p 4 16 78,96 Seleni Se [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 4 34 127,6 Telluri Te [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 4 52 [209] Poloni Po [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 4 84 116 19,00 Flo F 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 9 35,45 Clo Cl [Ne]2s 2 2p 5 17 79,90 Brom Br [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 5 35 126,9 Iot I [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 5 53 [210] Astali At [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 5 85 117 1,008 Heli He 1s 2 2 20,18 Neon Ne 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 10 39,95 Argon Ar [Ne]2s 2 2p 6 18 83,80 Krypton Kr [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 6 36 131,3 Xenon Xe [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 6 54 [222] Rn [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 6 86 118 63,55 Cu [Ar]3d 10 4s 1 29 107,87 Ag [Kr]4d 10 5s 1 47 196,97 Vàng Au [Ar]4f 14 5d 10 6s 1 79 [272] Unununi Uuu [Ar]5f 14 6d 10 7s 1 111 65,39 Zn [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 30 112,41 Cadimi Cd [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 48 200,59 Hg [Ar]4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 80 [277] Ununbi Uub [Ar]5f 14 6d 10 7s 2 112 phá phá phá phá phá 1,008 H 1s 1 1 6,94 Liti Li 1s 2 2s 1 3 22,99 Natri Na [Ne]3s 1 11 39,10 Kali K [Ar]4s 1 19 85,47 Rb [Kr]5s 1 37 132,9 Xezi Cs [Xe]6s 1 55 [223] Franxi Fr [Rn]7s 1 87 9,01 Beri Be 1s 2 2s 2 4 24,31 Magie Mg [Ne]3s 2 12 40,08 Canxi Ca [Ar]4s 2 20 87,62 Stronti Sr [Kr]5s 2 38 137,31 Bari Ba [Xe]6s 2 56 [226] Ra [Rn]7s 2 88 44,96 Sc [Ar]3d 1 4s 2 21 88,91 Yttri Y [Kr]4d 1 5s 2 39 138,9 Lantan La [Ar]5d 1 6s 2 57 [227] Actini Ac [Ar]6d 1 7s 2 89 47,87 Titan Ti [Ar]3d 2 4s 2 22 91,22 Zirconi Zr [Kr]4d 2 5s 2 40 178,5 Hafni Hf [Ar]4f 14 5d 2 6s 2 72 [261] Rf [Ar]5f 14 6d 2 7s 2 104 50,94 V [Ar]3d 3 4s 2 23 92,91 Niobi Nb [Kr]4d 3 5s 2 41 180,9 Tantal Ta [Ar]4f 14 5d 3 6s 2 73 [262] Dubni Db [Ar]5f 14 6d 3 7s 2 105 1,008 H 1s 1 1 Tên 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Cr Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H 2 Cu Hg Ag Pt Au s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 ) o ): o n n o C C hoàn toàn thành ion. = 1. VD: HCl H + + Cl – Ba(OH) 2 Ba 2+ + 2OH – NaCl Na + + Cl – < 1. VD: CH 3 COOH CH 3 COO – + H + Mg(OH) 2 Mg 2+ + 2OH – CaSO 4 Ca 2+ + SO 4 2– + . VD: HCl, H 2 SO 4 , – . VD: NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 , + và OH – . VD: Al(OH) 3 , Zn(OH) 2 , s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 + ). trung bình và 2+ , Al 3+ , Zn 2+ , NH 4 + … + ). 2– , CO 3 2– , PO 4 3– , CH 3 COO – … + ). Al(OH) 3 , Zn(OH) 2 … 3 – , HSO 3 – , HS – , HPO 4 2– … 4 ) 2 CO 3 … – 4 + ) và – VD: NaCl, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , Na 2 CO 3 … 2 HPO 3 , NaH 2 PO 2 hòa. + . VD: NaHCO 3 , K 2 HPO 4 , KHSO 4 … 2 … * ** *) A + H 2 O B + H 3 O + – K a a – K a a [B].[H ] K [A] n B + H 2 O A + OH – – K b b – K b b [A].[OH ] K [B] s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 1 (A (B (C (D 2 (A) CH 4 . (B) C 2 H 5 OH. (C) HCl. (D) C 6 H 6 . 3 không (A) H 2 SO 4 . (B) KOH. (C) C 2 H 5 OH. (D) AgNO 3 . 4 nào sau đây không n đi n đư (A) (B) HBr hòa tan trong nư (C) (D) 5 là (A (B (C (D 6 t đi (A) H 2 S, NaCl, AgNO 3 . (B) NaCl, AgNO 3 , HCl. (C) AgNO 3 , HCl, AgCl. (D) H 2 O, H 2 CO 3 , AgCl. 7 (A) H 2 SO 4 H + + SO 4 2– . (B) H 2 SO 4 2H + + HSO 4 – . (C) H 2 SO 4 H + + 2SO 4 2– . (D) H 2 SO 4 2H + + SO 4 2– . 8 (A) NaOH Na + + Cl – . (B) Na 2 SO 4 2Na + + SO 4 2– . (C) BaSO 4 Ba 2+ + SO 4 2– . (D) NaCl Na + + Cl – . 9 không (A) HCl. (B) HNO 3 . (C) CH 4 . (D) H 2 SO 4 . s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 A không (A) NaOH. (B) Ca(OH) 2 . (C) C 6 H 5 OH. (D) KOH. B (A) NaOH. (B) Mg(OH) 2 . (C) Al(OH) 3 . (D) Cu(OH) 2 . C (A (B (C (D D (A (B (C (D E (A) Cl – . (B) S 2– . (C) Cu 2+ . (D) Al 3+ . F (A) CO 3 2– . (B) S 2– . (C) Al 3+ . (D) SO 3 2– . G (A) Na 2 CO 3 . (B) KCl. (C) NaOH. (D) KHSO 3 . H KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O, C 2 H 5 OH, C 12 H 22 O 11 CH 3 COOH, Ca(OH) 2 , CH 3 COONH 4 A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) 2. I (A) KNO 3 , PbCl 2 , Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 , Na 2 S, NH 4 Cl. (B) KNO 3 , HClO 4 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Na 2 CO 3 , CuSO 4 . (C) KHSO 4 , HClO 4 , Na 2 S, CH 3 COONa, NH 4 Cl. (D) KOH, HClO 4 , NaHSO 4 , Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 , NH 3 . J không (A) NaCl Na + + Cl – . (B) CaSO 4 Ca 2+ + SO 4 2– . (C) Na 2 SO 4 2Na + + SO 4 2– . (D) CaCl 2 Ca 2+ + 2Cl – . s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 K (A) HCl, H 2 SO 4 , H 2 CO 3 , CO 3 2– . (B) NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH) 2 , Mg 2+ . (C) HNO 3 , HCOOH, Mg 2+ . (D) Al 3+ , Zn 2+ , CO 3 2– . L a 2 , HCOOH. M b 2 – , CH 3 COO – , HCOO – . s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 2 O H + + OH – o + 2 14 H O K [H ].[OH ]=1,0.10 [H + ] > 10 -7 M [H + ] = 10 -7 M [H + ] < 10 -7 M pH = –lg[H + ] VD: [H + ] = 10 –1 [H + ] = 10 –7 [H + ]= 10 -11 [H + ] > 10 -7 M [H + ] = 10 -7 M [H + ] < 10 -7 M pH < 7 pH = 7 pH > 7 2 , SO 2 , H 2 3 . H + OH – + cation H 2 CO 3 H 2 SO 3 H 2 S HCO 3 – , CO 3 2– HSO 3 – , SO 3 2– HS – , S 2– là cation NH 4 + s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 1 IA, NH 4 + 4 + tan. 2 NO 3 – , CH 3 COO – 3 – ) và axetat (CH 3 COO – tan. 3 Cl – , Br – , I – – , Br – , I – Ag + và Pb 2+ . 4 SO 4 2– 4 2– 2+ , Ba 2+ , Pb 2+ . 5 OH – 6 CO 3 2– , SO 3 2– , PO 4 3– 3 2– ), sunfit (SO 3 2– ) và photphat (PO 4 3– IA và NH 4 + . 7 S 2– 2– 4 + . sau: (H 2 O) VD: BaCl 2 + H 2 SO 4 BaSO 4 + 2HCl Ca(NO 3 ) 2 + Na 2 CO 3 CaCO 3 + 2NaNO 3 VD: Na 2 CO 3 + 2HCl NaCl + CO 2 + H 2 O Na 2 S + H 2 SO 4 Na 2 SO 4 + H 2 S VD: NaHCO 3 + NaOH Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O KHSO 3 + KOH K 2 SO 3 + H 2 O không VD: Dãy các ion (A) Na + , Cl – , Ag + , NO 3 – . (B) K + , Ba 2+ , Cl – , SO 4 2– . (C) H + , Na + , HCO 3 – , SO 4 2– . (D) Na + , K + , SO 4 2– , NO 3 – . HD: (D s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 N o W (A) 10 –7 . (B) 10 –14 . (C) 10 14 . (D) 10 7 . O o + là 10 –5 – trong (A) 10 5 M. (B) 10 –9 . (C) 10 9 . (D) 10 7 . P (A) pH = [H + ].[OH – ]. (B) pH = log [OH – ]. (C) pH = –lg[OH – ]. (D) pH = –log[H + ]. Q (A) (B) (C) (D) R (A) CaCO 3 . (B) BaCO 3 . (C) K 2 SO 4 . (D) BaSO 4 . – AXIT axit pH = 7) pH 7. . (pH < 7). . (pH > 7) VD: AlCl 3 Al(OH) 3 và HCl nên AlCl 3 . (HNO ) 2 [NO ].[H ] K [HNO ] a (HCOOH) [HCOO ].[H ] K [HCOOH] M 2 2 b (NO ) 2 [HNO ].[OH ] K [NO ] 3 3 b (CH COO ) 3 [CH COOH].[OH ] K [CH COO ] b (HCOO ) [HCOOH].[OH ] K [HCOO ] C u R C S. đư s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD3: 3 + HCl CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O. – 3 + 2HCl CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O. – CaCO 3 + 2HCl CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O CaCO 3 + 2H + + 2Cl Ca 2+ + 2Cl + CO 2 . KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O, C 2 H 5 OH, C 12 H 22 O 11 CH 3 COOH, Ca(OH) 2 , CH 3 COONH 4 A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) 2. I (A) KNO 3 , PbCl 2 , Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 , Na 2 S, NH 4 Cl. (B) KNO 3 , HClO 4 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ,