=>Is this the ……… 6.This story is more interesting than any other story that I have ever read =>This is the ………... 5.My father started to give up smoking last year =>My father has ……… 6.
Trang 1MODEL 1
IT IS (NOT) NECESSARY TO + V S + DON’T HAVE TO / NEED TO + V
Example :
It isn’t necessary to shout
You don’t have to shout.
1.It isn’t necessary for you to wear uniform on Sunday
=> You don’t ………
2.It isn’t necessary for you to book the tickets
=>You don’t ………
3.There was no need for you to have gone to all the trouble
=>You don’t ………
4.It is a waste of time reading that novel
=>You needn’t ………
5.It is essential to meet your aunt at the airport?
=>Does your aunt ………
6.It is impossible for roses to be grown in such poor ground
=>Roses can’t ………
MODEL 2
HAVE + SO + DO GET + SO + TO DO HAVE / GET + STH + DONE
Example :
Mr.Bryan mended the washing machine for me
I had/ get the washing machine mended by Mr.Bryan / I had Mr.Bryan mend the washing
machine
1.The hairdresser is cutting my hair this afternoon
=> I am ………
2.I have had my car cleaned
=>I have ………
3.Someone has just washed our car
=>We have ………
4.I employed my neighbor to clean my car
=>I had ………
5.My suits needs to be cleaned before the interview
=>I must ………
6.He had someone paint his house last month
=> He ………
7.The hurrican blew the roof off the house
=>The house had ………
MODEL 3
SOMEONE
PEOPLE
THEY
SAY THINK BELIEVE RUMOUR EXPECT REPORT
THAT IT + BE + V3/ V-ed + THAT + S2 + V ….
S2 + BE + V3/ V-ed + (1) TO + V (2) TO HAVE + V3/ V-ed
Trang 2Dùng (1) khi V1 = V2 ( the same tense)
Dùng (2) khi : V2 xãy ra trước V1
Example :
a/ People say that he beats his wife
V1 V2 V1 ( say ) : present => The same tense V1 = V2 V2 ( beats ) : present
He is said to beat his wife.
b/ People thought that he had died in battle
V1 V2 V1 ( thought) : past => V2 xãy ra trước V1 V2 (had died) : past perfect
He was thought to have died in battle.
1.People said that he had gone to Italy
=> He ………
2.They say that he escaped to an Africa country
=> He ………
3.People say that Nam is living with his uncle ia America
=> Nam ………
4.People believe that there exists ghost
=> It is ………
5.They all say that he speaks very good English
=> He ………
6.People used to think that he was shefish
=> He used ………
7.They say that football is the best game to play
=> Football ………
8.People used to believe that the earth was flat
=> It used ………
9.People believe that he was killed by teriorists
=> He ………
MODEL 4
S + BE/ GET USED TO + NOUN / V-ing
Example:
Getting up early is not a problem to me
I am/ get used to getting up early.
1.I don’t find it difficult to study late at night
=> I am ………
2.It is not a habit of mine to sleep in the afternoon
=> I am not ………
3.She feels strange when she drives on the left
=> She is not ………
4.She doesn’t usually stay up late
=>She is not ………
5.He gets up early in the morning and he’s used to it
=>He’s used to ………
Trang 3MODEL 5
ADJ / ADV + ER THAN …
MORE + ADJ / ADV THE ADJ / ADV + EST MOST + ADJ / ADV NOT + SO/ AS + ADJ/ ADV + AS
ADJ / ADV + ER THAN MORE + ADJ / ADV
Example:
a/ Hang is the fattest girl in my class
No girl in my class are fatter than Hang.
b/ Susan isn’t as good at chemistry as Sarah
Sarah is better at chemistry than Susan.
1.You are the worst chess player in the world
=> No one in the world ………
2.Tom is the best programmer in his company
=> No one in Tom’s company ………
3.They say that Nam is the brightest in our school
=>No other students ………
4.Gary is the best guitarist in the class
=>No one else in our ………
5.Have you got a cheaper carpet than this?
=>Is this the ………
6.This story is more interesting than any other story that I have ever read
=>This is the ………
7.I don’t play the guitar as well as he does
=>He plays ………
8.Geopor is not nearly as energetic as he used to be
=>He used to be ………
9.It’s not cheap as it was
=>It’s more ………
10.My mother cooks better than my father does
=>My father cooks ………
MODEL 6
S + HAVE/ HAS + NOT + V3/ V-ed …
SINCE / FOR
-S + LAST + V2/ V-ed ….WHEN … -THE LAST TIME + S + …… WAS
Example:
a/ I haven’t heard him since August
The last time I heard him was in August.
b/ I haven’t seen him since I was a student
I last saw him when I was a student.
1.I haven’t played football since 1970
=>The last time ………
2.We haven’t seen Tom since he moved to Bristol
=>We last ………
3.It hasn’t rained for a fortnight
=>The last time ………
=>It last ………
4.Lucy hasn’t worn that dress since Barbara’s wedding
Trang 4=>The last time ………
5.My father hasn’t been to Vung Tau for 2 years
=>The last time ………
MODEL 7
S + V2/ v-ED
………… AGO
-S + HAVE/ HAS + V3/ V-ed + SINCE (FOR)
-S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V-ing + SINCE/FOR
Example:
a/ He started working for this factory a year ago
He has worked/ has been working for this factory for a year.
b/ My sister has studied English for a year
My sister began to study English a year ago
1.It’s a long time since we became close friends
=>We have ………
2.Minh last wrote to his pen pal five months ago
=>Minh hasn’t ………
3.The last time I met Mai was in 1999
=>I haven’t ………
4.We haven’t seen one another for a long time
=>We stopped ………
5.My father started to give up smoking last year
=>My father has ………
6.This is her six appearance on stage in our city this year
=>She has ………
MODEL 8
S + HAVE/ HAS + V3/ V-ed
….+ TIME
IT IS + TIME ….+ SINCE + S + (last) V2/ V-ed
Example:
a/ I haven’t seen my father for one month
It’s one month SINCE I last saw my father
b/ Tom and Daisy have been married for two years
It is two years SINCE Tom and Daisy got married
1.I haven’t seen Henry for two years
=>It is ………
2.Tim has not had his hair cut for over 3 month
=>It is ………
3.I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years
=>It is ………
4.I haven’t eaten this kind of food for 5 years
=>It is ………
5.It is five years since I last met David
=>I haven’t ………
Trang 5MODEL 9
S + HAVE/ HAS NOT + V3/ V-ed …
+ BEFORE
… FIRST TIME + S + HAVE/ HAS + V3/ V-ed
Example:
a/ I haven’t seen that man here before.
-> It’s the first time I have seen that man here
b/ I have never read this book before
-> This is the first time I have read this book
1.My father hasn’t driven a car before
=>This is ………
2.I’ve never met such a famous singer before
=>It’s ………
3.She has never been to the ballet before
=>It’s ………
4.She hasn’t drunk Coca Cola before
=>This is ………
5.my grandfather hasn’t been in hospital before
=>This is ………
MODEL 10
PRESENT
WISH + PAST SITUATION
FUTURE
PAST SUBJUNCTIVE WISH + PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE WOULD + V (bare –inf )
Example:
a/ I am not a millionair
-> I wish I were a millionair.
b/ She won’t visit me a tomorrow
-> I wish she would visit me the following day/ the day after.
c/ What a pity you failed in your exam
I wish you hadn’t failed in your exam.
1.It is a pity I can’t come to your birthday party
=>I wish ………
2.I would love to study in Britain for a year
=>I wish ………
3.I didn’t borrow her some money yesterday
=>If only ………
4.It would be nice to have a swimming pool in our garden
=>I wish ………
5.I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework
=>I wish ………
6.I regret not going to the airport to say goodbuy to him
=>I wish ………
7.I’m sorry now that I didn’t tell you the truth
=>I wish ………
8.It’s a pity he doesn’t take the doctor’s advice
=>I wish ………
Trang 6MODEL 11
BECAUSE + CLAUSE ( S + V )
BECAUSE OF + (ADJ ) +NOUN/ V-ING
Example:
She went to bed early because she was/ felt sick
-> She went to bed early because of her sickness.
1.I went to bed early because I felt tired
->I went to bed early because of my tiredness/ feeling tired
2.I can’t play basketball because of my height
-> I can’t play basketball because ………
3.She must stay in bed because of her illness
->She must stay in bed because ………
4.We can’t swim in this part of the river because of highly polluted water
-> We can’t swim in this part of the river because ………
5.We couldn’t go on clearing the beach because of heavy rain
->We couln’t go on clearing the beach because ………
6.He likes her because she is very beautiful
->He likes her because of ………
7.He couldn’t go to school because he was very poor
->He couldn’t go to school because of ………
8.He failed the exam because because he didn’t learn the lesson carefully
->He failed the exam because of ………
9.I can’t buy that house because I don’t have enough money
->I can’t buy that house because of ………
MODEL 12
ALTHOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH +CLAUSE (S + V )
INSPITE OF / DESPITE + N / V-ing HOWEVER + ADJ + S + V
Example:
Despite her like for coffee, she drank it
=> Although she didn’t like coffee, she drank it.
1.Mike will not go with Mariam even though he likes her
-Mike will not go with Mariam in spite of ………
2.In spite of their mother’s unhappiness, they held a party
-Though ………
3.We took many photographs even thought the sky was dark
-We took may photographs despite ………
4.Despite her madness, he wanted to make friends with her
-Though………
5.In spite of her poor memory, she tried to recount what happened to the police
-Although………
6.He passed the test even though he was frequently absent from class
-He passed the test in spite of………
7.She still fat even though she is on a diet
-She still fat despite ………
8.Even though she doesn’t earn much money, she spends like a millionaire
-In spite of ………
Trang 79.He went to bed even though he didn’t finish his lessons
-He went to bed dsepite ………
10.Although the water is cold, I will swim
-However ………
11.Even though you say anything, I won’t change my opinions
-Whatever ………
12.Even though I admire his courage, I think he is foolish
-Much ………
MODEL 13
PRESENT UNREAL
SENTENCE IN
PAST UNREAL
PAST SUBJUNTIVE ( S + V2/V-ed )
IF + PAST PERFECT ( S + HAD + V3/ V-ed ) -WITHOUT/ BUT FOR + NOUN
-IF IT HAD NOT BEEN FOR + NOUN -HAD + S + V3/ V-ED
IF …NOT UNLESS + ( affirmative verb )
Example:
a/ I can’t see the play because it is sold out
If the play were not sold out, I cound see it ( type 2 )
b/ We didn’t go because it rained
If it had not rained, we could have gone.( type 3 )
c/ If you don’t phone immediately you won’t get any information.
-> Unless you phone immediately you won’t get any imformation.
1.He failed in his exam because he was very lazy
=> If ………
2.I didn’t have enough money, so I didn’t buy that laptop
=> If ………
3.I don’t have enough money, I can’t buy that expensive dictionary
=> If ………
4.We must do our homework well or the teacher will get angry with us
=> Unless ………
5.You will catch a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry
=> Unless ………
6.She didn’t know you were in hospital, so she didn’t visit you
=> If ………
7.Unless you water these plants everyday, they will die
=> If ………
8.If the police had found out him, he would have been in trouble
=>Had ………
9.We couldn’t have got the prize if our father hadn’t encouraged us
=> If it ………
10.Without Nam’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to solve this difficulty
=> If Nam ………
11.John is fat because he eats so many chips
=> If ………
12.Thanks to Laura’s support, I was able to finish the project
Trang 8=>Had Laura ……….
13.With a lot of luck, you may get your novel published
=> If you ………
14.My advice is that Mary should apply for that job
=> If I ……… 15.We can’t survive when there is no air
=>Without ……… 16.Your warning helped prevent my failure in the test
=> Had it ……… 17.They will go swimming if it is sunny
=> Unless ……… 18.We could have lost that match if there hadn’t been efforts from everyone of us
=>Without efforts ………
MODEL 14
PASSIVE FORM : S + BE + V3/ V-ed
Example:
Nobody told me about it
I was not told about it.
1.My father made me study hard for my exams
=>I ………
2.Thay won’t allow you to go in the house
=> You ………
3.Nobody finished their exercises on time
=>Their exercises ………
4.Nobody has ever asked me that curious question ( not …ever = never )
=>I ………
5.They hardly finish their work on time
=>Their work ………
6.They paid no attention to Mr.Van’s lecture
=>Mr.Van’s lecture ………
7.It’s vital that this work is finished by Monday
=>This work ………
8.Temperature is measured by a thermometer
=>A thermometer ………
9.No one has lived in this house for years
=>This house ………
10.We should do something about it
=>Something ………
11.They will have to change the date of the meeting again
=>The date of the meeting ………
12.Can they control the city traffic?
=> Can ………
13.Lock the door carefully before going to bed
=> The door must ………
14.I hear them singing a nice English song
=> They ………
15.She expected us to offer her the job
=> She ………
Trang 916.Nobody knows anything about his family.
=> Nothing ………
17.They are pulling down the old theater
=> The old theater ………
18.People all the world speak English
=> English ………
MODEL 15
SO + ADJ + THAT
( quá … đến nỗi )
SUCH + ( A/ AN + ADJ ) + N + THAT
Example:
a/ The film was so good that I saw it three times
IT WAS such a good film that I saw it many times.
b/ It is such a bad book that nobody reads it
THE BOOK is so bad that nobody read it.
1.The stamps are so beautiful that all of us want to buy them
=>They are such ………
2.It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it
=>The tea was ………
3.It was such dirty beach that we decided not to stay
=>The beach ………
4.The program was so interesting that none of us wanted to turn the TV off
=>It was such ………
5.The news was so good that she smiled happily
=>It was ………
6.Her handwriting is so bad that I can’t read
=>She writes so ………
7.It rained so heavily that they dicided to cancel the match.( cấu trúc đảo ngữ )
=>So ………
8.He bought such a lot of books that he couldn’t read them all
=>So ………
9.The children were so excited that they talked about the show all night long
=>Such ………
MODEL 16:
SO + ADJ + THAT …
SUCH + (A/ AN + ADJ ) + N + THAT ….
TOO + ADJ + FOR … + TO + V ( quá …không thể ) ( NOT ) + ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR … + TO + V (đủ để )
Lưu ý : trong cấu trúc: “ too to / enough to” nếu chủ ngữ và tân ngữ cùng nói về một người hay
một vật thì khi viết câu ta nhớ bỏ tân ngữ
+Nếu viết cấu trúc “ enough to” => S + be + not + tính từ trái nghĩa + enough …for …to
Example:
a/ This raincoat is so small that she can’t wear it
THIS RAINCOAT is too small for her to wear ( mang nghĩa phủ định )
b/ It was such an intersting novel that I read it many times
THE NOVEL was interesting enough for me to read many times.
c/ He is too short to reach the shelf.
-> He is not tall enough to reach the shelf.
1.It was such good weather that we went swimming
Trang 10=>The weather ………
2.The water was so cold that the children could not swim in it
=>The water was not ………
3.It was such a long dress that my sister could not wear it
=>The dress was not ………
4.The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it
=>The furniture was ………
5.The switch was too high for him to reach
=>He was not ………
6.I tried to eat the cake, but it was too sweet
=>The cake was ………
7.The furniture was too old to keep
=>It was such ………
MODEL 17
…WOULD RATHER + S + V2/ V-ed ( present meaning ) IT’S HIGH/ ABOUT TIME + S + V2/ V-ed
Example:
We’d prefer you not to smoke
W’d rather you didn’t smoke.
1.We’s better buy a new cooker
=>It’s time ………
2.I really think you ought to acquire a few manners
=>It’s high time ………
3.Would you mind not smoking here?
=>I’d rather ………
4.I had better get back to work
=>It’s ………
5.You really should be able to dress yourself by now
=>It’s high ………
6.It’s a pity you wrote that letter
=>I’d rather ………
MODEL 18
S + V + V-ing
S + V + preposition + V-ing
S + V + O + preposition + V-ing
Example:
a/ “ I’m sorry that I broke the glass” said Peter
Peter apologised for breaking the glass.
b/ “ You were cheating” said to Carol to June
Carol accused June of cheating
c/ “ I did not steal the car” he said “ I just borrow it”
He denied stealing the car but admitted borrowing it.
1.She admitted that she had taken the necklace
=>She admitted to ………
2 “ You stole the jewels” the inspector said to him
=>The inspector accused ………