Properties, prossesing of natural fiber

    Group’s members: Farhatun Najat Bt Maluin (SEZ090048) Fatem Hamime Bt Ismail (SEZ090007) Siti Artikah Bt Mahmud Safbri (SEZ090034) Nur Feeza Ashiqin Harun (SEW090023) Siti Noornabila Suhada Abdillah (SEW090030) Fibre reinforced polymer Fibre as reinforcing phase - to enhance the strength and elasticity of plastic. Matrix phase – polymer - act as a binder and a medium to tranfer stresses between reinforcing fibers. 1) INTRODUCTION • Composites = combinations of two or more materials. - which is reinforcing phase (fibre) and matrix phase Types of polymer matrices Thermoset - Above its melt point, the plastic liquefies (softens enough to be processed). This process can be repeated, with the plastic melting and solidifying as the temperature climbs above and drops below the melt temperature respectively Thermoplastic - materials that undergo a chemical reaction (curing) and transform from a liquid to a solid. - The cross link between their uncured form (in monomer form) and the catalyst that initiate the chemical reaction is irreversible. - The exposure to high heat will cause the material to degrade, not melt. The advantage of thermoplastics over thermosets are thermoplastics has higher elongation at break. Thus, it is necessary in order to improve impact strength. Producible with low investment at low cost renewable source, requires little energy during production and use carbon dioxide while oxygen is given back to the environment. They are environmentally friendly materials at the stage of production, processing and waste. Good thermal and acoustic insulating properties Advantages of natural fibre composites Classification of natural fibers PLANT FIBRE • The fibers are normally a rigid, crystalline cellulose micro fibril-reinforced amorphous lignin and with hemicellulosic matrix. • Mechanical structural of plant fibers is much lower when compared to reinforcing glass fiber. • Somehow, because of the low density, their properties for such the strength and the stiffness of the plant fibers are comparable to the values of glass fibres. Properties of the plant fibers. one of the type of natural fiber that consist of cellulose, hemi- cellulose, lignin, pectin. (the detail will be disscussed further in the part 2) Classification of animal fibre Animal Hair - wool, human hair, feather Silk fibre ANIMAL FIBRE - Generally compromise of proteins Example - Wool Properties of wool • low tenacity because it has excellent elongation and elastic recovery • durable with moderate resistance and it is also poor conductor of heat • very sensitive to some alkalis • give influence on the tensile stress or modulus of elasticity with increasing fraction of wool content • when arranged in a transverse position to the tensile load, the tensile stress was increased • may be able to provide reinforcement in multi-axial situations. Properties of wool fibre composite • Effect of orientation of fibre - transverse position increase the tensile stress and toughness. - The modulus of elasticity does not effected fibre samples. Shearing SORTING CLEANING CARDING SPINNING WEAVING FINISHING Processing and extraction of wool fibre • As a composite, wool fibres have been combined with polyester fibres and spun into multistrand yarn as threads • Traditionally, wool fibres have been spun into multilayer fibres in the form of threads, then knitted into cloth and utilized for the manufacture of garments • The composite matrix was prepared from polyester resin with 1% hardener (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide). • Samples of composite sheets were prepared in the laboratory from skeins of wool laid alternatively with layers of resin mixture, and placed in a rectangular mould. Application of wool fiber • used as alternatives for producing composite materials which may have great scope in value added application including bio-engineering and medical applications • In the textile industries, a lot of waste wool fibers and their products induce actions which lead to the regeneration of wool keratin materials • Animal fiber reinforced composite - applications in the automotive, aerospace and sports equipment industries • Advantage of animal fiber composite materials is that they can be tailored to meet the specific structure such as face brush makeup, blanket etc. [...]... method of making banana fiber, the care is taken as early from the plant cultivation stage • To ensure their softness, the leaves and shoots of the banana plant are pruned periodically • harvested shoots are first boiled in lye to prepare the fibers for making the yarn, whereas at the same time the banana shoots give away fibers having varying degrees of softness • As a results, different qualities of. .. trunk of the banana plant is harvested instead of the shoots • The steps 1) small pieces of these trunks are put through a softening process for mechanical extraction of the fibers, bleaching and then drying to produce fiber that has appearance similar to silk - During the processed, only the aged bark or the decaying outer layers of the banana plant are harvested and soaked in water to quicken the natural. .. Nowadays, natural fiber has been used in industries and manufacturing company for its enormous potential for application in different engineering utility • It is widely used due to their several advantages which are cost effective, renewable material and also environment friendly • There are three types of natural fibers which are plant fibers, animal fibers and mineral fibers Among them, plant fibers... release of dust • Work in well ventilated areas where possible • Immediately dispose of smaller asbestos pieces and collected dust in plastic bags, which are clearly labelled asbestos waste 2) Natural fibre which can be used as reinforcement of polymer STEM FIBRE Example – Jute fibre • This fiber are extracted from the ribbon of the stem • Use retting process in extracting this this kind of fiber from... and textiles produced that can be used for specific purposes different qualities of yarns and textiles produced that can be used for specific purposes The outermost fibers of the shoots are the coarsest ones and more suitable for making such home furnishing as tablecloth While the innermost part of banana fiber is the softest and widely used for making kimono and kamishimo, the traditional Japanese... composite • the percentage volume fractions of banana fibre effects the tensile strength - The results shows that an increasing of percentage volume fractions of banana fibre increase the the tensile modulus of the composite - While, for the tensile strength, only after 0.1% volume fraction of the fibre, the tensile strength increase gradually Processing and extraction of banana fibre Japanese method Nepalese...MINERAL FIBRE • the only naturally occurring of mineral fibre – asbestos • Asbestos fibres are silicate compound which contain silicon and oxygen in their molecular structure • The crystal in these fibres forms a long, thin and flexible fibre when separated This is a piece of asbestos rock Can you see the fibers? Asbestos fibers as seen through a microscope Properties of asbestos fibre • Resistance... The increase in the volume of fibre, increase the impact resistance of the polymer (Akens & Garret, 1986) Processing and extraction of asbestos fibre 1st step - Mining process – open-pit mining extracts the rock or minerals from the earth by remove it from an open pit or borrow 2nd step - Milling process - extraction of the fibre from the ore - separation and degradation of fibre according to its lenght... product (P) Application of asbestos fibre • Used in making fireproof materials and also insulation products (thermal and electrical) • Widely used for the fabrication of papers and felts for flooring and roofing products • Develop products for the automotive, electronic, and printing industries insulating pipe Insulating board roofing Problems of asbestos fibre • Unfortunately, asbestos can cause health... types and the composition of the asbestos which is depends on the amount of iron Properties of asbestos fibre composite • The mechanical properties depends on; i) The orientation of the fibre In axial orientation, the composite shows the higher tensile strength while in radial orientation, the composite shows the higher compressive strength (Lee & Kim, 2004) ii) The percentage of fibre mass fraction The . of the plant fibers are comparable to the values of glass fibres. Properties of the plant fibers. one of the type of natural fiber that consist of cellulose, hemi- cellulose, lignin, pectin. (the. stage of production, processing and waste. Good thermal and acoustic insulating properties Advantages of natural fibre composites Classification of natural fibers PLANT FIBRE • The fibers. structural of plant fibers is much lower when compared to reinforcing glass fiber. • Somehow, because of the low density, their properties for such the strength and the stiffness of the plant fibers