04-03-2012 1 Aravin Prince Periyasamy Dept of Textiles, DKTE TEI, Ichalkaranji, MH, India aravinprince@gmail.com 1 Abstract…. As a famous Scandinavian economist said, “It is very dangerous to make predictions, particularly about the future!” It is in this sprit that the predictions are made. New science can produce products beyond our present perceptions. Such innovations are discussed in this paper, citing those are Bio-Degradable and High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber . Now research and development make fibers were used in high tech applications namely, Medical Textiles, Industrial Textiles, In Defense Textiles, Advance Composites, Power Saving And Etc. 2 Introduction From the year 1985 onwards textile research was switched over in the direction of developing new fibers especially Hi-Performance fiber and bio degradable to meet the challenges. With the invent of Hi- Performance fiber and bio degradable fibers the spectrum of application of fibers and textile materials were substantially widened. High-Technology namely new fibers and can be split into two categories viz. - High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber and - Bio- Degradable Fibers 3 High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber 4 04-03-2012 2 Ceramic Fibers Ceramic fibers are mostly used as refractory fibers in uses over 1000°C . ceramic fibers are mostly used for thermal insulation at high temperatures and to make special composites. They are very expensive fibers because only a small quantity is produced, and they are used in particular fields such as aerospace Materials used are boron, silica, carbide, alumina, and zirconia 5 Melamine A manufactured fiber in which the fiber- forming substance is a synthetic polymer composed of at least 50% by weight of a cross-linked melamine polymer. Fiber is primarily known for its inherent thermal resistance and outstanding heat blocking capability in direct flame applications. It is used to designed for direct flame contact and elevated temperature exposures. 6 Super Absorbent Fiber In last few years, super absorbents in fiber from have become a commercial reality. Most recently the potential to benefit from their outstanding properties in a wide range of medical products have been recognized. The product is marketed as „OASIS‟. This is due to the small diameter of the fibers, which is about 30 microns, which gives a very high surface area for contact with the liquid. The above features that may be required for use in medical product can be build up into nonwoven containing super absorbent fibers 7 Bicomponent Fiber Bi-component fiber structure Recently designed a bicomponent spin pack Bi- Component Fiber that resulted in spinning a very unusual fiber. This fiber is a type of island- in-the-sea. This type of fiber should be ideal for filtration applications both in woven and nonwoven construction. 8 04-03-2012 3 Nano Fibers Electro spinning: nano fiber production technique When referring to fibers, “Nano” refers to the diameter of the fiber . Electro spinning is common way to produce nano fibers. 9 Spectra Fiber 1000: - High-strength, Lightweight Polyethylene Fiber Tensile strength of spectra fiber Spectra® fiber is, pound- for-pound, 10 times stronger than steel, that is 40 percent greater than aramid fiber. It is used in Police and military ballistic vests and helmets, armor for vehicles and aircraft, Marine lines. 10 Louts Like Fabrics Super Micro Fibers Lotus leaves are water repellent and hence, water rolls off like mercury. This is because the contact angle of water is large and the leaves are covered by wax like substance. These water repellent fibers are used in the production of outdoor sports wear general clothing industrial fabrics tents etc. 11 Butterfly Like Fabrics Change in color according to the natural environment is exhibited by many kinds of insects. In case of morpho structure fibers which copy insect, highly twisted fibers of flat cross section with 80-120 TPI obtained by thermal processing. 12 04-03-2012 4 Super Polyethylene Fiber DSM (Netherlands) developed very high tenacity high modulus polyethylene fiber even higher than Kevlar with the help of gel spinning technique. The method involves both spinning and drawing in which is a dilute solutions of high molecular weight is extruded into water to form a gel like soft fiber. Which is then heated and drawn out about 30 times in original length. 13 Micro Fiber Micro denotes man – made fibers which are finer than any conventional fiber First used in functional sportswear. Micro fibers are usually made of polyester, polyamide or acrylic – with liters in the range of 0.5 to 1.2 dtex (1dtex, meaning that one gram of fiber is 10,000 meters long). Microfibers clothing is not sensitive retaining its positive qualities after washing our cleaning. 14 Power Fibers Heat – regenerating fibers are produced form ceramic composites by applying heat insulation processing technology which utilizes the far intra – red radiations effect of ceramics when heated, ceramics radiation far infra – red radiation which penetrates into the material and heats it homogeneously by activating molecular motion zirconium, magnesium oxide or iron oxide can be blended into synthetic fibers because these materials radiate Ca 60 MW far infracted of wavelengths 8-14 m at a body. . The insulating efficiency plays vital role to suppress the consumption of oxygen stored in muscles. 15 Perfumed Fibers The perfumed fiber Esprit De Fleurs produced by kanebo was First exhibited in 1987. It is made up of fibers to which resin – made microcapsules of 5-10m in diameter containing perfume essence are bound when the microcapsules are pressed and broken, the perfume is released. The Esprit de fibers can be used in scarves, T- shirts, handkerchiefs, hand knitting wools, stocking etc. 16 04-03-2012 5 Mirror Fibers It is high performance mirror in the shape of hair like flexible fiber. Its applications may include fabrics with embedded „bar codes‟ that identify the wearer potentially useful into battle suits. These fibers could also be used as filters for Telecommunications applications. 17 Bio- Degradable Fibers 18 Alginate Fibers Alginate in one form or another is used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals and textiles. Alginate name come from „algin‟. The unique properties of alginate and its derivatives have found applications where thickening, suspending, emulsifying, and stabilizing and gel formation is required. 19 Collagen Fibers Collagen is a protein fiber obtained from bovine skin. It consists of there polypeptide chains arranged in triple chain helix. These triple- chain helixes Assembles in to micro fibrils and then fibrils. Collagen has an excellent biocompatibility which makes it a popular choice as a major component of artificial issue and would dressing. Collagen products such as sutures can readily be accepted by body because of their low immunogenicity 20 04-03-2012 6 Bacterial Cellulose • Bacteria produce cellulose called bio- cellulose or bacterial cellulose. Plant cellulose and bacterial cellulose have the same chemical structure, but different chemical and physical properties. This bacterial strain produces a gel like material containing fine cellulose fiber, which is too thin. It is used as an artificial blood vessel for microsurgery. Also used to make artificial leather , skin substitute and wound healing bandages 21 Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) PLA minimizes environmental waste, as it may be fully biodegraded by microorganisms under appropriate conditions into carbon dioxide and water. Biodegradable synthetic fibers and natural biological fiber may be used to make textiles for medical application. 22 Bacterial Polyester More than 100 bacterial species are known to be polyester producing, which includes alcaligences species Bacterial polyesters poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs), with poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Advantages include production from fully renewable resources, rather fast and complete biodegradability, biocompatibility, and excellent strength and stiffness, which favor this material as a polymer of the future, bacillus species, photosynthetic bacteria and blue green algae. Poly (hydroxybutyrate) fibers were considered to be mainly used for production of scaffolds, surgical sutures, repair the bone fracture and etc 23 Synthetic Silk Now silkworms can be produce finer and longer silk than nylon using biotechnology. The national institute of sericulture and entomological science Japan has succeeded in breeding a new type of silkworms that can produce a fine homogeneous silk filament of about 1500 meters in length It is used for medical applications, such as sutures & etc. 24 04-03-2012 7 Chitosan Fibers Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that is derived from chitin. Properties are useful for wound treatment and it also used as excellent material for healing wounds. 25 Spider Silk As the fluid oozes out, the protein molecules are aligned in such a way spider silk may form. The spider hauls out the silk with its legs, stretching, fluffing it up or changing it in other ways to suit the purpose at hand. Spider silk is up to 5 times stronger than steel of the same diameter. Spider silk is so elastic that it doesn't break even if stretched 2-4 times its length. Spider silk is also waterproof, and doesn't break at temperatures as low as -4 0 C. 26 Spider Silk 27 Conclusion The high-tech fibers can be specific properties to make them useful as industrial materials. Application of these fibers in high technology area, including the aero/space industry, the transportation industry , the marine industry ,the civil engineering and construction industry and the sports industry ,medical textiles. Now days, almost in all the fields‟ fibers are used. Fibers can replace even metals, so enormous developments are done in fiber field. The bio- fibers are environmental friendly fibers so it has been more demand in future.! 28 04-03-2012 8 29 “ Dreams Make Thoughts Thoughts Make Things Things Make Wonder ” 30 References 1. High performance fibers, J.W.S.Hearle, Woodhead publishing company 2. High performance fibers and its applications- Aravin prince- Textile Magazine Nov 08 3. New Millennium fibers, Tatsuya Hongu et al, 1st edition, Woodhead publishing company,Cambridge,2005 4. Advanced Fiber Spinning Technology, Prof.T.Nakajimn, Woodhead publishing company,Cambridge,1994 5. Carbon fibers, Jean – Baptiste Donnet et al 3rd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., Newyork,1998 6. High performance synthetic fibers for composites, National Research Council,National academy press, Washington, 1992 7. Developments in fiber science –V.K. Kothari IAFL publications 8. New fibers – Philips and Hongu- woodhead publishing ltd 9. Millennium of new fibers – Philips and Hongu- woodhead publishing ltd 10.High technology fibers for technical textiles- S.K. Mukhopadhyay 11.New fibers, Tatsuya Hongu, Glyn.O.Philips.” (1997) 12.Synthetic metals,( R.V.Gregory , W.C.Kimbrell, H.H.Kuhn,1989) 13.Handbook of technical textiles, Horrocks, Ananad,”- woodhead publishing ltd 14.Nano fibers by S.S. Ramkumar et al. Indian journal of Fiber & Textile research, Vol 31, March 2006 31 . Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber . Now research and development make fibers were used in high tech applications namely, Medical Textiles, Industrial Textiles, In Defense Textiles,. Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber and - Bio- Degradable Fibers 3 High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber 4 04-03-2012 2 Ceramic Fibers Ceramic fibers are mostly. Performance fiber and bio degradable fibers the spectrum of application of fibers and textile materials were substantially widened. High-Technology namely new fibers and can be split into two