Cách dùng thì quá khứ đơn và bảng động từ bất quy tắc Thì quá khứ đơn The simple past được dùng thường xuyên để diễn tả : • Sự việc diễn ra trong một thời gian cụ thể trong quá khứ và đã
Trang 1PAST SIMPLE
1. Cấu trúc
a. Thể khẳng định
• Động từ “to be”
• Động từ thường
b Thể phủ định
• Động từ “to be”
• Động từ thường
c Thể nghi vấn
• Động từ “to be”
• Động từ thường
2. Một số dấu hiệu nhận biết của thì quá khứ đơn
Các cụm từ thường dùng với thì quá khứ đơn:
• Yesterday
• (two days, three weeks) ago
• last (year, month, week)
• in (2002, June)
• from (March) to (June)
• in the (2000, 1980s)
• in the last century
• in the past
3. Cách dùng thì quá khứ đơn và bảng động từ bất quy tắc
Thì quá khứ đơn (The simple past) được dùng thường xuyên để diễn tả :
• Sự việc diễn ra trong một thời gian cụ thể trong quá khứ và đã kết thúc ở hiện tại:
- She came back last Friday
(Cô ấy đã trở lại từ thứ Sáu tuần trước)
- I saw her in the street
(Tôi đã gặp cô ấy trên đường.)
- They didn't agree to the deal
Trang 2(Họ đã không đồng ý giao dịch đó.)
• Sự việc diễn ra trong một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ và đã kết thúc ở hiện tại:
- She lived in Tokyo for seven years
(Cô ấy đã sống ở Tokyo trong 7 năm.)
- They were in London from Monday to Thursday of last week
(Tuần vừa rồi họ ở London từ thứ Hai đến thứ Năm.)
- When I was living in New York, I went to all the art exhibitions I could
(Lúc tôi còn sống ở New York, tôi đã đi xem tất cả các cuộc triển lãm nghệ thuật
mà tôi có thể.)
Lưu ý cách chia động từ ở quá khứ đơn
1. Động từ theo quy tắc
• Động từ không tận cùng bằng E: Thêm ED vào cuối các động từ này
Play – played Look – looked Plow – plowed Tax – Taxed
• Các động từ tận cùng bằng E thì chỉ thêm "d"
Hope – hoped Die – died
• Nhân đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm ED:Nếu là động từ 1 vần (one-syllable words)
có 1 phụ âm ở cuối thì phải gấp đôi phụ âm đó trước khi thêm ED
Stop – stopped /stɑːpt/
Hug – hugged /hʌɡd/
• Chú ý: Động từ sau chỉ có 1 vần nhưng có 2 phụ âm (Nhiều nhất là 3) ở cuối nên chỉ việc thêm ED nhé
Climb -> Climbed (2 phụ âm cuối) -> /klaɪmd/
Comb -> Combed (2 phụ âm cuối) -> /kəʊmd/
Prompt -> Prompted (3 phụ âm cuối), tiếng anh chỉ có 1 động từ này có
3 phụ
âm cuối trong 1 vần
• Đối với động từ 2 vần trở lên nếu dấu nhấn rơi vào vần cuối thì phải nhân đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm ED (Nếu không có phụ âm ở cuối thì khỏi phải nhân đôi)
Prefer – preferred (Trọng âm nhấn ở vần cuối) Permit – permitted (Trọng âm nhấn ở vần cuối) Open -> Opened (Trọng âm nhấn ở vần thứ nhất)
• Chuyển "y" thành "i" và thêm ED: Khi động từ có vần cuối có dạng phụ âm + Y, thì đổi "y" thành "i" rồi thêm ED
Trang 3Carry – carried Try – tried
• Đối với động từ khiếm khuyết có một số biến đổi nhất khi dùng ở thì quá khứ đơn
Can -> Could May -> Might Will -> Could Shall -> Should
2. Động từ bất quy tắc
Động từ nguyên
mẫu
Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ phân từ Nghĩa của động từ
Abide abode/abided abode / abided lưu trú, lưu lại
chided
mắng chửi
Cleave clove/ cleft/ cloven/ cleft/ chẻ, tách hai
Trang 4cleaved cleaved
Dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed mơ thấy
Forecast forecast/
forecasted
forecast/ forecasted tiên đoán
Trang 5Hide Hid Hidden giấu; trốn; nấp
toán)
Learn learnt/ learned learnt/ learned học; được biết
Misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood hiểu lầm
quá
lửng
Trang 6Overlay Overlaid overlaid phủ lên
Trang 7Slay Slew Slain sát hại; giết hại
Spell spelt/ spelled spelt/ spelled đánh vần
Spill spilt/ spilled spilt/ spilled tràn đổ ra
Spoil spoilt/ spoiled spoilt/ spoiled làm hỏng
Trang 8Undercut Undercut undercut ra giá rẻ hơn
Work wrought / worked wrought / worked rèn (sắt)
EXERCISE
Ex1: Hoàn thành các câu sau với thì quá khứ đơn
Trang 91 It/ be/ cloudy/ yesterday
>
2 In 1990/ we/ move/ to another city
>
3 When/ you/ get/ the first gift?
>
4 She/ not/ go/ to the church/ five days ago
>
5 How/ be/ he/ yesterday?
>
6 Mr and Mrs James/ come back home/ and/ have/ dinner/ late/ last night?
>
7 They/ happy/ last holiday?
>
8 How/ you/ get there?
>
9 I/ play/ football/ last/ Sunday
>
10 My/ mother/ make/ two/ cake/ four/ day/ ago
>
11 Tyler/ visit/ his/ grandmother/ last/ month
>
12 Joni/ go/ zoo/ five/ day/ ago
>
13 We/ have/ fun/ yesterday
>
14 My/ father/ not/ at the office/ the day/ before yesterday
>
Ex2: Hoàn thành các câu sau
1 I _ (not / drink) any beer last night
2 She _ (get on) the bus in the centre of the city
3 What time _ (he / get up) yesterday?
4 Where _ (you / get off) the train?
5 I _ (not / change) trains at Victoria
6 We _ (wake up) very late
7 What _ (he / give) his mother for Christmas?
8 I _ (receive) £300 when my uncle _ (die)
9 We _ (not / use) the computer last night
10 _ (she / make) good coffee?
11 They _ (live) in Paris
12 She _ (read) the newspaper yesterday
13 I _ (not / watch) TV
14 He _ (not / study) for the exam
Trang 1015 _ (he / call) you?
16 _ (I / forget) something?
17 What time _ (the film / start)?
18 He _ (have) a shower
19 Why _ (you / come)?
20 _ (he / go) to the party?
Ex3: Dùng các từ sau để hoàn thành các câu phía dưới.
Teach cook Want spend ring
Be sleep study Go write
1 She out with her boyfriend last night
2 Laura a meal yesterday afternoon
3 Mozart more than 600 pieces of music
4 I tired when I came home
5 The bed was very comfortable so they very well
6 Jamie passed the exam because he very hard
7 My father the teenagers to drive when he was alive
8 Dave to make a fire but there was no wood
9 The little boy hours in his room making his toys
10 The telephone several times and then stopped before I could answer it
Ex4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn
Snow White was the daughter of a beautiful queen, who died when the girl (be) …… young Her father (marry) again, but the girl’s stepmother was very jealous
of her because she was so beautiful
The evil queen (order) a hunter to kill Snow White but he couldn’t do it because she was so lovely He (chase) her away instead, and she (take) refuge with seven dwarfs in their house in the forest She (live) with the dwarfs and took care of them and they (love) her dearly
Then one day the talking mirror (tell) the evil queen that Snow White was still alive She (change) herself into a witch and (make) a poisoned apple She (go) to the dwarfs’ house disguised as an old woman and tempted Snow White to eat the poisoned apple, which (put) her into an everlasting sleep
Finally, a prince (find) her in the glass coffin where the dwarfs had put her and woke her up with a kiss Snow White and the prince (be) married and lived happily ever after
Ex5: Hoàn thành đoạn báo sau:
Two people (►) died (die) in a fire in Ellis Street, Oldport yesterday morning They
Trang 11(1)…… (be) Herbert and Molly Paynter, a couple in their seventies The fire (2)
…
……… (start) at 3.20 am A neighbour, Mr Aziz, (3)……… (see) the flames and (4) ……… (call) the fire brigade He also (5)……
………… (try) to get into the house and rescue his neighbours, but the heat (6)
……… (be ) too great The fire brigade (7) (arrive)…………
in five minutes Twenty fire-fighters (8) ……… (fight) the fire and finally (9)……… ………… ( b r i n g ) it under control Two fire-fighters (10)……… (enter) the burning building but (11)……… ………… (find) the couple dead
Ex6: Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau:
Claire: (►) Did you have (you / have) a nice weekend in Paris?
Mark: Yes, thanks It was good We looked around and then we saw a show (1) (we / not / try) to do too much
Claire: What sights (2) (you / see)?
Mark: We had a look round the Louvre (3)………… (I / not /know) there was so much in there
Claire: And what show (4) (you / go) to?
Mark: Oh, a musical I forget the name (5) (I / not / like) it
Claire: Oh, dear And (6) (Sarah / enjoy) it?
Mark: No, not really But we enjoyed the weekend Sarah did some shopping, too, but
(7) (I / not / want) to go shopping
Ex7: Hoàn thành các câu sau:
1 I _ (work) in a bank for ten years
2 Where _ (you / live) when you were young?
3 She _ (not / study) French at university
4 He _ (travel) through the Middle East last year
5 _ (they / visit) the Louvre in Paris?
6 She _ (not / watch) TV yesterday
7 We _ (buy) a new car last weekend
8 Where _ (you / teach) before you came here?
9 He _ (not / think) that he was right
10 I _ (cook) steak last night
11 _ (Lucy / read) ‘War and Peace’ at school?
12 She _ (not / write) to her grandmother
13 We _ (have) a computer when I was a child
PAST CONTINUOUS
1. Cấu trúc
a. Thể khẳng định
S + was/were + Ving + O
Trang 12b. Câu phủ định
S + was/were + not + Ving + O
c. Câu nghi vấn
Was/were + S + Ving + O?
2. Cách dùng
• Hai hành động cùng đồng thời xảy ra trong quá khứ
Subject1 + Past continuous + while + Subject2 + Past continuous
Ex: Martha was watching television while John was reading a book
( Martha đã đang xem TV trong khi John đã đang đọc sách)
• Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để diễn tả 1 hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có hành động khác xen vào
Subject1 + Past continuous + when + Subject2 + Simple past
Ex: I was watching TV when she came home
(Tôi đang xem TV thì cô ấy về nhà)
• Hành động diễn ra tại thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex: I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night
( Tôi đã đang xem TV lúc 9h tối qua)
• Hành động xảy ra trong 1 khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ
Ex: We were studying during the recess
( Chúng tôi đang học suốt giờ giải lao)
EXERCISE
Ex1: Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
1. I down the street when it begin to rain (go)
2. At this time last year, I _an English course (attend)
3. Jim _ under the tree when he heard an explosion (stand)
4. The boy fell and hurt himself while he a bicycle (ride)
5. When we met them last year, they _ in Santiago (live)
6. The tourist lost his camera while he _ around the city (walk)
7. The lorry very fast when it hit our car (go)
Trang 138. While I in my room, my roommate _ a party in the other room (study/have)
9. Mary and I _ the house when the telephone rang (just leave)
10.We _ in the café when they saw us (sit).
Ex2: Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn
1. I (call) Mr Wilson at 9 last night, but he (not be) at home He (study) _ at the library
2. I (not hear) the thunder during the storm last night because I _ (sleep)
3. It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park The
sun _ (shine) The birds _ (sing)
4. My brother and sister (talk) about something when I _ (walk) into the room
5. Tom went to his friends ‘house, but the boys (not be) there They (play) _soccer in the vacant lot down the street
6. The little boy (fall) asleep while his mother (read) him a story
7. I really enjoyed my holiday last January While it (snow) in Iowa, the sun (shine) in Florida
8. While Ted (shovel) snow from his driveway yesterday, his wife
_ (bring) him a cup of hot chocolate
9. John _ (have) a car accident last week (drive) down the street when suddenly a lorry _ (hit) his car from behind
10 Ten years ago, the government (decide) to begin a food program
At that time, many people in the rural areas _ (starve) due to several years of drought
11. They _ (wait) for me when I _ at the station (arrive)
12 She (swim) in the sea when I her (see).
13 they (play) tennis when it _raining (start)? 14.We (drive) home from the theatre when the police (stop) us
15.The wind _ (blow) very hard when I (go) out this morning.
Ex3: Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
1. I down the street when it begin to rain (go)
Trang 142. At this time last year, I _an English course (attend).
3. Jim _under the tree when he heard an explosion (stand)
4. The boy fell and hurt himself while he a bicycle (ride)
5. When we met them last year, they in Santiago (live)
6. The tourist lost his camera while he _ around the city (walk)
7. The lorry very fast when it hit our car (go)
8. While I in my room, my roommate a party in the other room (study/have)
9. Mary and I the house when the telephone rang (just leave)
10 We in the café when they saw us (sit).
11 When I phoned my friends, they (play) cards
12 Yesterday at six I (prepare) _dinner
13. The kids (play) _in the garden when it suddenly to rain
14. I (practise) the guitar when he came home
15. We (not/cycle) all day
16. What (you/do) yesterday?
17. Most of the time we (sit) _in the park
18.7 At this time yesterday we (play) tennis in the schoolyard
19.8 At 7:00 p.m yesterday I (watch) _TV. the newspaper, my
21.sister (do) her homework and I (play) _chess with my friend
22.She (do) her homework at the time yesterday
23.Marry (water) the flowers at 3:00 p.m yesterday
24.They (visit) the zoo at ten o’clock yesterday
25.At this time last year we (learn) English in London
26.Peter and I (do) the exercise at this time last night
27.When I phoned my friends, they (play) _cards
Ex4: Chia dạng đúng của động từ
1 When I phoned my friends They (play) cards
2 Yesterday at six I (prepare) dinner
3 The kids (play) in the garden when it suddenly to rain
4 I (practice) the guitar when he came home
5 We (not/cycle) all day
6 What (you/do) yesterday?
7 Most of the time we (sit) in the park
Ex4: Điền dạng đúng của động từ
1 Alice hurt herself while she……… (skate)
2 I met my neighbor while I……… (walk) home from work
3 Sally saw a friend while she ……… (ride) her bicycle along Park St
4 Peter fell asleep while he ……… (study)
5 Bob stepped on Jane’s feet while they ………… (dance) together
6 I cut myself while ……… (shave)
7 Mr and Mrs Brown burned themselves while they ………… (bake) cookies
8 Tommy had a nightmare while he ……… (sleep) at a friend’s house
Ex5: Bài tập “How did it happen?”
-Ex: How did Alice hurt herself ? (play soccer)
-> She hurt herself while she was playing soccer