cách dùng (the)

Trần thị kim Oanh Ngay10/03/2011 Cach dung (the) 1. Dựng "The" ch nhng vt ó c nhc n trờn 1 ln trong bi hoc nhng vt m c ng` nghe v ng` núi u hiu. Eg: Mike has a house. The house is very beautiful. Open the door, pls! 2. Dựng "The" ch nhng th duy nht Eg: The Sun, The Moon, 3. Dựng "The+ADJ" ch mt tng lp ngi. Eg: The poor:ng` nghốo; The famous:ng` ni ting; 4. Dựng "The" vi cỏc tớnh t so sỏnh nht. Eg: She is the best Student in my class. 5. Dựng "The" vi cỏc STT. Eg: The first, the second, 6. Dựng "The" vi cỏc N t ch a im núi chung. Eg: The zoo, the cinema, 7. Dựng "The" vi tờn cỏc dũng sụng hoc tờn cỏc t bỏo. Eg: The Thames, The Red River, , The Times, 8. Dựng "The" vi cỏc bui trong ngy. Eg: In the everning, 9. Dựng "The" vi tờn cỏc nhc c Eg: I play the guitar, 10. Dựng "The" ch cụng dõn ca mt nc. Eg: The VietNamese, 11. Dựng "The" vi tờn mt s nc. Eg: The USA, The Phillipinese, 12. Dựng "The" nh sau din t 1 gia ỡnh. Eg: The Simpsons: g Simpson, A/ CáCH DùNG CÂU SO SáNH COMPARION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS. 1/ COMPARATTIVE OF EQUALITY ( so sánh bằng) S + Tobe/ V + as + adj/ adv + as . This exercise is as difficult as that one . She cooks as well as her moher does. S + To be/Verb + not so /as +adj /adv + as . He isnt so intelligent as his brother . John doesnt work so /as hard as Mary does. 2/ COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY ( so sanh hơn) +/ Tính từ va trạng từ có 1 âm tiết S + tobe / verb + adv /adj + er + than Nam is taller than his friend . He works harder than his friend. +/ Tính từ và trạng từ có 2 âm tiết trở nên S + more + adj / adv + than This picture is more beautiful than that one She speaks English more fluently than I do Note ; + khi tính từ co 1 âm tiết tận cùng bằng 1phụ âm , có nguyên âm đi trớc , ta fải gấp đôi phụ âm + er Hotter , bigger. Thinner. Fatter +/ 1 âm tiết tận cùng y có phụ âm đi trớc ta đổi y thành i+ er Drier , +/ Có 2 âm tiết trở lên mà tận cùng là y , le, ow, er Happier, genler narrower, cleverer 3/ Comparative of superlative ( so sánh nhất ) S +tobe/ verb+ the + adj/ adv + est S + tobe/ verb + the most + adj / adv She is the most beatyful in the my class She types the fastest. Note ; Good/well - better - best Bad /badly - worse - worst Many/much - more - most Little- less- least Far - father / futher- fathest / futhest 4/ Doudle comparatives ( So sánh kép) A, Cấu trúc ngày càng .hơn ( nếu trong câu chỉ có một mệnh đề thì dùng cấu trúc này ) S + TOBE / VERB + more and more + adj / adv . S + tobe / verb + adj /adv + er + and + adj/ adv + er ( cấu trúc này thờng dùng từ become / get để thay cho tobe) Mrs hoa becomes fatter and fatter Mr Peter drives fatter and fatter Hoa becomes more and more beatyful He speaks more and more quickly */ Ngày càng ít S + tobe/ verb + less and less + adj / adv He is less and less studious B/ càng càng The more + adj / adv + S + to be / verb , The more + adj /adv + S + tobe / verb The + adj /adv + er + S + tobe / verb , The + adj /adv + er + S + tobe /verb The fatter they get, the weaker they feel The more difficult the lesson is , the harder we try . The more quickly he ran , the more tired he felt. Tacó thể đảo vị trí ; The more , the adj+ er The adj + er ., the more . Các tính từ và trạng từ có 2 âm tiết thì thêm more và most nhng trong trờng hợp mà có đuôI er , ow , y , le thì ta fảI thêm duôi er , est Boring _ more boring , tired - more tired , Nếu trong câu mà ko có trạng từ và tính từ thì ta dùng The more + s + v , the more + S + v C*/ Càng ít , thì càng ít The less + adj / adv + S + tobe / verb + , The less + adj / adv + S + tobe /verb The less difficult the lessons are , the less studious the students D/ Sử Dụng ; +/ The same as cho so sánh bằng S + tobe + the same + ( N) + as + noun/pronoun I am as tall as him I am the same height as him +/ less than .= not as/so + .as so sánh ko bằng S + tobe/verb + less + adj/ adv + than I am not as fat as you I am less fat than you Note ; Khi nói gấp bao nhiêu lần ta dùng ; Twice as . As Three times as as She is twice as tall as me Note ; more / most đợc dùng với ; adv +ly Ngoại trừ ; early earlier/ earlies Một số tính từ có 2 âm tiết có thể dùng 2 hình thức ; ngắn / dài Clever , common , cruel , gentle , narrow , pleasant, polite, quiet, simple , stupid */ Other expressions of comparatision - compared with / to - in comparison with - times + as + adj / adv + as - similar to ; gièng nhau - different from ; kh¸c nhau - like / unlike + pre - alike + adj/ adv B/ C¸ch sö dông ;+/ Would rather = would prefer (ThÝch h¬n) 1. Nãi ë hiÖn t¹i vµ t¬ng lai; S + would rather + ( not ) + V- infinitive I would rather go to school tonight Iwould rather not go to market S + would rather + V(nt) than V (nt) …… … … We would rather walk than take a bus 2.Nãi ë qu¸ khø ; S + would rather + ( not) + have + PII + (than) I would rather have watched TV Last night Would rather = prefer + / S + would rather + V(nt)/st +(o) + than + V(nt)/st .… = S + prefer + Ving/st + to + Ving/st… He prefers coffee to tea He would rather coffee than tea + / S + would rather + V(nt) + than + st = S + like to V + better than + st… .… + S + prefer + st to st = S +like st + better than + st + / WOULD RATHER (Mong muốn) 1. mong muốn ở tơng lai ; S + would rather + (that) + S(not) + V(nt) . I would rather that you call me tomorrow . I would rather you not call me next Sunday 2.mong muốn ở hiện tại ;( tráI với sự thật ở hiện tại ) S + would rather + S + V (Qk) Note ; using (were ) 3. mong muốn ở quá khứ ;( tráI với sự thật trong quá khứ) S + would rather + S + had + PII Could have + PII C/ Clauses after Wish , If only, As if , As though; 1/ Wish ; ao ớc ; If only giá mà , phải chi a/ Future wish S + Wish ( es) + S + would/could + V(bare infitive) = If only + S + If only I would go to school nextweek I wish I would go to school nextweek b/ present wish S + Wish (es) + S + V (past) If only + S Note ;tobe were I cant swim . I wish I could swim If only my mother were here c/ Past wish S + wish (es) + S + had + PII . Could have + PII If only + S . 2/ As IF , As though ; nh thể , dờng nh DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu ko thËt hoÆc tr¸i víi thùc tÕ a/ S + V ( es, s) + As though / As if + S + V ( past ) … He talks As though He knew everything Note; tobe – were b/ S + V ( past ) + As though/ As If + S + had + PII They ate their dinner as though they hadn’t eaten for a week DO EXERCISES I/ Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets; 1. I wish someone would ( give ) me a job next month.…… 2. If only I …had ( have ) more time to do this work………… 3. He missed an exciting football match on TV last night . He wishes he had watched ( watch ) it …… 4. I wish I could (can take) the trip to Dalat with you ………… next week 5. He wish his father were ( be) here now to help him ………… 6. I wish she had (come) to me yesterday .……… 7. She acts as if she …knew ( know ) English perfectly …… 8. He was wet as though he had swum ( swim ) for hours ……… 9. Tom spent his money as if he had won ( win ) a lottery ……… 10.She acted as though she …had met ( meet ) him before… II/ Rewrite the sentences below , beginning with the words given; 1.I’m sorry I didn’t help you yesterday . I wish (I had helped you yesterday)……………… 2. My mother isn’t here now . I wish( my mother were here now) ,………………… ……… 3. I feel sick because I ate too much ice-cream . I wish (…I hadn’t eaten too much ice –cream )…………………… 4. I regret speaking to him so impolitely yesterday . I wish ( I hadn’t spoken to him )……………………… 5. We have to work this Saturday. I wish (we wouldn’t have to work )………………… …… 6. Jane is afraid she won’t be able to attend your party next week. Jane wishes( She would be able to attend your party )… … 7. Tom lives in a big city but he doesn’t like it . Tom wishes (.…………………… he didn’t live a big city). 8. I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth . I wish (you had given me a chance to tell you the truth) 9.Tomorrow is a workday .I wish (tomorrow weren’t a workday) ……………………………… 10.You talk more than you work . The teacher wishes ( you worked more than you talked ) .………… 11. He spent his money like a prince.He spent hismoney as if (he were a prince) ……………………………… 12. She cried like a baby . She cried as though (she were a baby) .……………………… 13 . He pretended not to know me . He pretended as if (… he hadn’t known me) …………… 14. Jane dresses up like a queen . Jane dresses up as if (she were a queen ) .…………… 15. I had a feeling that I was walking in the air . I felt as though (I were walking in the air ) ………………………… III/ Choose the best answer among (a,b,c,and d) 1.We wish we a large house but we can’t afford it now.…… a, have b, had c, can have d, will have 2.My friend won’t lend me his car . I wish ,……………… a, he lent me his car b, he didn’t lend me his car c ,he would lend me his car d, he will lend me his car 3. My mother is not free today. I wish .……………………… a, my mother is free today b, my mother won’t be busy today c, my mother would be free today d, he will lend me his car 4. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money on me . I wish ……………… a, I have got no money on me b, I have some money on me c , I had some money on me c, I had got no money on me 5.I’m afraid our team will lose the game today . I wish EXAMINATION I/PRONUNCIATION A/ Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other . Mark your choice on the answer sheet 1. A sport B. ball C. course D. hot 2. A .foul B.goal C. soul D.both 3. A. suffer B. fund C. result D. reduce 4. A.cross B.score C. lost D. adopt 5. A.medical B. wash C.social D. special B. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others in the group .Mark your choice on the answer sheet 6.A.vertical B.badminton C. athletics D.poverty 7.A.appeal B.injured C.finish D.spirit 8.A.oppenent B. agency C.specialize D. business 9.A.impartial B. arrested. C.Temporary D.protected 10.A.initiate . B. participate C.adventurous D.organizer II/VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR A.Choose the option that best completes each sentence . Mark your choice on the answer sheet 11.Most smokers agree that it is very difficult to smoking ………… A. go on B.give up C.put on D.give out 12. As the eldest in the family , Julie makes it her duty to her…… brothers and sisters A .take after B.care of C.look after D.look up 13. Don’t forget to the lights when you leave the office .………… A . turn off B.turn on C.put out D.turn down 14. As the new year is coming near , consumer goods are getting… A. more and more expensive B.expensiver and expensiver C. The more expensive D. the most expensive 15. The more you try , .……………………… A.the best results you get B. better results you have C. The better you feel about it D. the more better you feel 16. They the way and couldn’t come to the party early .…… A. got lost B. lost C.were lost D.had been lost 17. The letters .immediately .……… A. need to be typed B.need typing C.Need typed D.either Aor B 18. The older people grow , . They are .……… A. the wiser B. the more experience C. more mature D.the most difficylt. 19. When you suffer from a cold , if you take medicine , it takes you 7 days to .;if you don’t take any medicine , it takes …………… you a week . A. get it over B.get off C.get over it D.recover it 20. Mom’s just cleaned the floor , so please your shoes .…… A. put on B.put out C.take out D.take off B./ Choose the underlined part which is grammatically incorrect and needs to be changed to have a correct sentence . Mark your choice on the answer sheet . 21.More money they earn , the less they spend . A(the more) B C D 22. The higher they got up the mountain , the more colder it was A B C(colder) D 23. Jim and his brother are alike ; they both look after their father . A B C D( take after) 24. The alarm clock went out 20 minutes ago but Tom is still sleeping . A (went off) B C D 25. On these special days ,little children are eaten lots of cake and A B C(eat) D Candies C. Choose the sentence (A,B,C,D)that is best made from the words give .Mark your choice on the answer sheet. 26. It/ get/ cold/as / night / fall A.It gets colder and colder as night falls B.It got colder and colder as the night falls C.It was getting colder and colder as the night fell D.It was getting more and more cold as the night fell 27.If / you/finish/ homework / you/ play /computer games A. If you have finished your homework , you are played computer games . ta dùng ; Twice as . As Three times as as She is twice as tall as me Note ; more / most đợc dùng với ; adv +ly Ngoại trừ ; early earlier/ earlies Một số tính từ có 2 âm tiết có thể dùng. chỉ có một mệnh đề thì dùng cấu trúc này ) S + TOBE / VERB + more and more + adj / adv . S + tobe / verb + adj /adv + er + and + adj/ adv + er ( cấu trúc này thờng dùng từ become / get để. Phillipinese, 12. Dựng "The" nh sau din t 1 gia ỡnh. Eg: The Simpsons: g Simpson, A/ CáCH DùNG CÂU SO SáNH COMPARION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS. 1/ COMPARATTIVE OF EQUALITY ( so sánh