de cuong on tap anh 8 ki 2

Note: câu trực tiếp đợc viết trong ngoặc kép, và ngăn cách với mệnh đề tờng thuật bởi dấu phẩy.. Note: Câu gián tiếp không bị ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép và luôn tận cùng bằng

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ễN TẬP TIẾNG ANH 8 HKII

A Từ vựng : Từ bài 9 – 16

B Ngữ phỏp:

1 Thì của động từ

1.The S

present

(Hiện tại

đơn)

S + bare-V/V-s/V-es

S+do/does not+

bare-V

Do/Does+ S+

bare-V ?

- always, ofen, usually,frequentyly sometimes=occasionally, rarely=seldom, once or tiwce a week, never

* Chỉ 1 thói quen ở hiện tại

- ex: He usually (go) goes t o school in the morning

* 1 sự thật không thay đổi

- ex: The sun (rise) rises in the East.

2 The

Present

Continuo

us

(Hiện tại

tiếp diễn)

S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing

S + am/is/are+ not+

V-ing

Am/is/are+ S+

V-ing?

at the moment, at the

time,Verb! (look!, listen!,

be quiet)

at present = now

* Chỉ hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm đang nói

- It (rain) is raining now.

- Lan (eat) is eating at preent

- Listen! She (sing) is singing

3 The

Pr.

Perfect

(HTHT)

S + have/has +

V3/Ved

S + have/has +not+

V3/V-ed

Have/Has + S +

V3/V-ed?

for + khoảng t.gian since + Mốc t.gian never, ever, just = recently

= lately, so far = up to now

= up to the present= until now,already, yet,this is the first time , several times.

* Chỉ 1 hành động xảy ra trong qk t.gian không xác định

ex: She (vờsit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times

* Chỉ hành động bắt đầu ở QK mà còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại

- We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years.

- My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday

- Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt.

4 The

P.perfect

continuo

us

HTHTTD

)

S + have/has + been +

V-ing

S+have/

has+not+been+V-ing

Have/Has + S + been

+ V-ing?

for + khoảng t.gian since + Mốc t.gian

so far = up to now = up to the present= until now

* Dùng để nhấn mạnh 1 hành động khởi sự trong quá khứ kéo dài

đến hiện tại và còn tiếp tục ở tơng lai.

- She (wait) has been waiting to see you since 2 o clock’ clock

- He (work) has been working in this factory for 4 years.

5 The S

Past

( Qk)

S + V2/V-ed

S + did + NOT +

bare-V

Did +S + bare- V?

- Yessterday, last (last week /month/ year ), ago,

in + year(in 2000 )

* 1 số việc xảy ra ở thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

- She (meet) met him yesterday.

- Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last nigh

6 The

Past

Continuo

us

(QKTD)

S + was/ were + V-ing

S + was/ were + not+

V-ing

Was/ were + S +

V-ing?

At 5 P.m/ at 5 o’ clockclock + Thời gian trong QK, all day yesterday

* Chỉ 1 hành động xảy ra ở 1 điểm thời gian xác định trong QK

- At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home.

* Chỉ 2 hành động cùng xảy ra song song ở QK

- My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV.

* Chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra ở QK thì 1 hành động khác xen vào

-When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident.

7 The

Past

Perfect :

(QKHT)

S + had + V3/ V-ed

S + had + NOT + V3/

V-ed

Had + S + V3/ V-ed?

before, after, by, *Diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra ở QK trớc 1 hành động khác hoặc 1

thời điểm trong QK

- Before 1975, he (work) had worked in that factory

- When I (come) come, he (leave) had left by 7 o clock’ clock

- After he (graduate) had graduated, he (go) went abroad.

9 The S

future

(TL đơn)

S + will/ shall + Vinf

S + will/shall + not +

Vinf

Will/Shall + S +Vinf?

Tomorrow, next (next week/ month/ year ), someday,

Diễn tả hành động xảy ra ở tơng lai.

- Tomorrow he (visit ) will viisit me.

- She (stay) will stay at next Monday.

EX: Give the correct form of the verbs

1.The sun always (rise) in the east Look, it (rise)!

2 I don’ clockt think I (go) out tonight I’ clockm too tired.

3 Where you (spend) your summer holiday last year, Tam?

4 In my country, it (not rain) much in winter.

5 Let’ clocks wait for Lien (arrive) and we (have) dinner.

6 The moon (move) around the earth.

7 Mai (be) very happy when she (receive) a letter from her sister this morning.

8 Would you like (join) my class next Sunday? We (visit) the local museum

9 My father (read) now He always (read) a book after dinner.

10 A friend of my brother’ clocks (call) him last night, but he (not be) at home So I (take) a message for him.

11 - Are you busy this evening?Yes, I (meet) Tuan at the library at seven We (study) together.

12 Mai (telephone) you when she comes back.

13 When we (be) small, our family (live) in the countryside.

14 Miss Trang is in hospital.- - Yes, I know I (visit) her tomorrow.

15 I (read) an interesting book at the moment I (lend) it to you when I finish it.

16 Look at those black clouds It (rain).

17 I (not invite) her to the party because I (forget) her phone number.

18 Look! Our new teacher (come) She (have) long, black hair.

19 The boys like (play) games but (hate) do lessons.

20 Please stop (talk); I (try) (finish) a letter to the Y&Y Green Group.

21 His doctor advised him (give up) (smoke).

22 By (work) day and nihgt he succeeded in (finish) the job in time.

23 There (be) many volunteers in Sea Games 22 nd in Viet Nam in 2003.

24 How long you (know) Mrs Chi? - I (know) her for five years.

25 Your dog ever (bite) anyone? - Yes, he (bite) a policeman last week.

26 We (not see) her since we (be) on holiday in Ha Long Bay.

27 Phuong (not finish) her homework yet.

28 Would you like some coffee? I just (make) some.

29 She (feed) the cat yet? - Yes, she (feed) it half an hour ago.

30 The weather (become) colder and colder in December.

31 He (cut) my hair too short - Don’ clockt worry; it (grow) again very quickly.

32.I (not go) out this evening I (stay) at home.

33 The film (begin) at 7.30 or 8.00?

34 You (be) away? - Yes I (go) to the country last Sunday.

35 They just (phone) to say that they (not come) back till Friday night.

36 My uncle (not visit) us since he (move) to the new town.

37 You should practice (speak) English every day.

38 The movie (start) at 8.15 this evening.

39 We already (finish) the first semester exams.

40 Mr Binh (learn) Chinese at school, but he (forget) most of it.

41 We (have) a party next Sunday Would you like (come)?

42 While my sister and I (watch) a movie on TV last night, our uncle in the USA (phone).

43 Please continue your work; We don’ clockt mind (wait).

44 Ha Long Bay in Viet Nam (be) a World Herritage Site It (visit) by millions of people every year.

45 If Mr Lam (go) to Paris next week, he (see) the Eiffel Tower.

46 I myself (witness) an accident on the Main Road yesterday A boy (knock) down by a car Then he (take) to the nearest hospital

47 Most of the Earth’ clocks surface (cover) by water.

48 The first festival (hold) nearly eight hundred years ago.

49 There’ clocks someone behind us I think we (follow).

50 An interesting book (read) by Lan at the moment.

51 This bike (use) for more than six years.

52 Nowadays, many historical places (destroy) seriously.

53 A new text book (publish) next month.

54 The Eiffel Tower is in Paris It (visit) by millions of people every year.

55 Since the 1980s more and more paper (recycle).

56 Tet holiday in Viet Nam (celebrate) around January and February.

57 Last night when we (visit) him, he (do) an experiment on the upstair.

58 I (not see) your uncle recently - No He (not go) out since he (buy) a new color television.

59 Look! The athletes (march) proudly behind their flag.

60 She (not see) that film before.

61 Listen! Why they (cry)? What (happen) to the?

62 As soon as her mother (come) home, all her friends (call) her.

63 She (come) to see you if she arrives here

64 When I was younger , I (play) football but now I don’ clockt.

65 I (work) on a farm once and had to get up at 5 every morning It was difficult at first as I (not get up) so early.

66 Cuckoos (not build) nests They (use) the nests of other birds.

67 I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong.

68 I wish that dog (lie down) He (keep) jumping up on my feet I (think) he (want) to go for a walk.

69 I (lie) in the beach when the phone (ring) It (stop) after a few rings.

70 It (be) cold when we (leave) the house that day, and a light snow (fall).

71 I (walk) along the street when I suddenly (feel) something hit me in the back I (not know) what it was.

72 When I (see) the man, he (stand) outside the bank He (have)a cap on.

73 When I (open) the cupboard door, a pile of books (fall) out

74 I can’ clockt help (feel) anxious about her study.

75 Most people prefer (ride) to (walk).

+Câu trực tiếp: là câu nói đợc thuật lại đúng nguyên văn lời của ngời nói

VD:Tom said, “I like reading books”

Note: câu trực tiếp đợc viết trong ngoặc kép, và ngăn cách với mệnh đề tờng thuật bởi dấu phẩy.

+Câu gián tiếp: là lời nói đợc thuật lại với ý và từ của ngời thuật nhng vẫn giữ nguyên ý

VD: Tom said he liked reading books

Note: Câu gián tiếp không bị ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép và luôn tận cùng bằng dấu chấm.

*Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp bao giờ cũng gồm hai phần:

-Câu tờng thuật/ mệnh đề tờng thuật

-Câu trực tiếp hay câu gián tiếp

Tom said, “I like reading books”

MĐ tờng thuật câu trực tiếp

Tom said he liked reading books

MĐ tờng thuật câu gián tiếp

*Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp :

-Đổi ngôi, đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo quy tắc

1-Đổi ngôi:

-Ngôi thứ nhất: I, me, my, mine, myself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves đợc đổi theo ngôi của chủ ngữ ở mệnh đề tờng thuật

Tom said, “I like reading books”

> Tom said he liked reading books

-Ngôi thứ 2: you, yours, your, yourself, yourselves đợc đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ của mệnh đề tờng thuật

He said to me, “You can take my book”

> He said to me (that) I could take his book”

Ngôi thứ 2 đợc đổi thành ngôi thứ 3 nếu mệnh đề tờng thuật không có tân ngữ

He said, “You can take my book”

> He said she could take his book”

-Ngôi thứ ba: he, him, his, himself, they, them, their, theirs, themselves giữ nguyên

VD: Mai said, “They can’ clockt finish their homework”

> Mai said they couldn’ clockt finish their homework”

2-Đổi thì:

Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta phải lùi 1 thì :

+Hiện tại đơn: S + V( s, es ): am, is, are

+Hiện tại tiếp diễn: S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing

+Quá khứ đơn : S + Ved/ bqt ( cột 2 )

+Hiện tại hoàn thành: S +had + P2

+Quá khứ tiếp diễn

+Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

+Tơng lai thờng: S + will/ shall + Vinf

+Tơng lai hoàn thành: S + wii have + p2

+Qúa khứ hoàn thành :

+Các câu điều kiện

>Quá khứ đơn : S + Ved/ bqt ( cột 2 ) : was/ were >Quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + was/ were + V-ing

>Quá khứ hoàn thành: S +had + P2 >Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn >Tơng lai trong quá khứ : Would/ should >would/ could + have + V-pII…

> không đổi > không đổi

3-Đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn:

This

These

Here

Now

Ago

Today

Tonight

Tomorrow

Yesterday

Last night/ week/ month/ year

Next week/ month/ year

That Those There Then/ at one/ immediately

Before That day That night The next/ following day

The day before/ the previous day The night/ week/ month/ year before hoặc the previous night… The following week/ month/ year

- Ngoõi thửự nhaỏt chuyeồn veà cuứng ngoõi ngửụứi noựi

(I  he, she; me  him/ her; my his,

her )

- Ngoõi thửự hai chuyeồn veà cuứng ngoõi ngửụứi nghe

(you  I, we, he, she, they; you  me, us,

him, her, them; your my )

-Ngoõi thửự ba khoõng ủoồi ngoõi (sh/she/ it/ they)

* Các dạng câu trực tiếp chuyển sang câu gián tiếp:

1-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu phát biểu:

*Cách chuyển:

-Lặp lại từ said/ say

-Bỏ ngoặc kép, bỏ dấu phẩy thay bằng that

-Thay đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, ngôi cho phù hợp với nghĩa của câu (nếu có)

*Công thức:

Trực tiếp: S + said, “ Clause”

>Gián tiếp: S + said + (that) Clause (lùi thì)

VD: Lan said: “I am a student”

>Lan said (that) she was a student

2-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu cầu khiến, câu mệnh lệnh:

*Cách chuyển:

-Đổi động từ say >tell, said >told, sau đó thêm tân ngữ vào sau nó

-Bỏ dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép, dấu chấm than, từ please (nếu có)

-Đổi đại từ nhân xng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn (nếu cần thiết)

*Công thức:

+Khẳng định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “V…”

>Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V…

VD: She said, “Close the books, please!”

>She told the students to close the books

+Phủ định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V…”

>Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V

VD: She said, “Don’ clockt sit down!”

>She told me not to sit down

3-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi đảo (Yes/ No- questions)

*Cách chuyển:

-Đổi said >asked (hoặc wanted to know/ wondered) sau đó thêm tân ngữ (nếu cần thiết)

-Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép, dấu phẩy và dấu hỏi

-Đặt If/ whether lên trớc chủ ngữ của câu gián tiếp +động từ lùi thì.

-Đổi ngôi, đổi từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn(nếu cần thiết)

*Công thức: Trực tiếp: Do/ Does/ Did + S + V-nd ?

>Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V-lùi thì…

VD: “Do you go to school?” he said

>He asked me whether/ if I went to school

+Dạng động từ khuyết thiếu:

Trực tiếp: Can/ shall/ will+ S + V-nd….?

>Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + could/ should/ would + V-nd…

VD: Mary said to Nam, “Can you speak English?”

>Mary asked Nam if/ whether he could speak English

4-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: (Wh-questions)

*Cách chuyển:

-Đổi said >asked (hoặc wanted to know/ wondered) sau đó thêm tân ngữ (nếu cần thiết)

-Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép, dấu phẩy và dấu hỏi

-Đặt từ hỏi wh lên trớc chủ ngữ của câu gián tiếp +động từ lùi thì.

-Đổi ngôi, đổi từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn(nếu cần thiết)

*Công thức: Trực tiếp: Từ hỏi + do/ does/ did + S + V-nd ?

>Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + từ hỏi + S + V-lùi thì…

VD: “Where do you live?” he said

>He asked me where I lived

+Dạng động từ khuyết thiếu:

Trực tiếp: Từ hỏi + can/ shall/ will+ S + V-nd ?

>Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + Từ hỏi + S + could/ should/ would + V-nd…

VD: Mary said to Nam, “How can you speak English?”

>Mary asked Nam how he could speak English

*Với TOBE:

VD1: “Are you a student?” She asked me

>She asked me if I was a student

VD2: “Is she doing her homework?” Mary asked him

>Mary asked him if she was doing her homework

VD3: “What are you doing?” Mai said to Hoa

>Mai asked Hoa what she was doing.

Note:Nếu câu hỏi với will/ shall diễn tả yêu cầu, lời mời, đề nghị có thể chuyển sang câu gián tiếp dạng câu hỏi hoặc câu cầu khiến.

VD: He said, “Will you open the door?”

>He asked me to open the door (He asked me If I would open the door

Exercise: Change the sentences into repoted speech

1.”you should change the way you learn English”

Ba said Khanh should

2.”Can you lend me your math book ?”

Ba asked me

3”Please show me to your father ”

Ba told Lan

I 1 He said, 'Get out of my way.' 2 'Climb in through the window,' he ordered.

3 'Please pay at the desk,' said the assistant 4 'Open your bag, please,' said the store detective.

5 'Don't worry about anything, Mrs Pitt,' said her solicitor 'Leave it all to me.'

6 'Don't use bent coins in a slot machine,' I warned him 7 'Follow that car,' the detective said to the taxi-driver

8 'Wash it in lukewarm water,' recommended the assistant 9 'Have confidence in me,' urged the doctor.

10 'Take me up to the 33rd floor,' he said to the liftman.

II

1 'What country do you come from?' said Bill 2 'How long have you been here?' said Ann.

3 'Are you working as well as studying?' asked Peter 4 'Have you got a work permit?' Bill wanted to know.

5 'What are you going to study?' asked Ann 6 'Have you enrolled for more than one class?' said Peter.

7 'Do you want to buy any second-hand books?' said Bill 8 'Have you seen the library?' asked Ann.

9 'Do you play rugby?' said Peter 10 'Will you have time to play regularly?' he went on.

IV

1 Tom invited Ann to come for a drive the following day

2 Ann accepted with pleasure and asked where he was thinking of going

3 He said he'd leave it to her.

4 She suggested Stratford

5 adding that she hadn't been there for ages.

6 Tom agreed and said that they might go on the river if it was a fine day.

7 Ann wondered what was on at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre.

8 Tom said they'd find out when they got there

9 adding that it was usually possible to get seats on the day of the play.

10 He asked Ann if she could be ready by ten.

III

1 My friend said, "Are you going to leave tomorrow?"

2."Have you done your homework?", said my mother.

3 I asked Bill, "What time did you go to bed last night?"

4 Paul said "I must go home now."

5."There's been an accident and the road is blocked", said the policeman.

6 "We are waiting for the school bus", said the children.

7 Mary said, "My father died a year ago".

8."Must you go now?", said Mr Brown.

9."Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?", his mother asked him.

10."It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday", said the teacher.

11."Be modest if you are a good pupil", said my father.

12."Shut the door but don't lock it" she said to us.

13 Tom said, "New York is bigger than London"

IX Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech.

1 Charles said, “I’m living in London now.” ………

2 He said to us, “You are my best friends.” ………

3 Johnny said to me, “I don’t know what Fred is doing.”………

4 She said, “I will answer the phone.” ………

5 He said to his friends, “I must go home now.” ………

6 Hoa said, “I can’t go out after 8 pm.” ………

7 She said to me, “I will come and see you as soon as I can.” ………

8 Susan said, “My sister is coming to see me next week.” ………

9 Judy said, “John wants to come here but he isn’to very well.” ………

10 Judy said to me, “I’m going away for a few days I’ll phone you when I get back.” ……….

XI/ Rewrite the following Yes/No questions in reported speech, use IF or WHETHER: 1.“Do you enjoy reading books?” Phong asked Peter => Phong asked Peter………

2 “Does she like sports?”Hoa asked Lan =>Hoa asked ………

3 “Does Hoa play badminton?” Lan asked Thu =>Lan asked Thu………

4 “Does your sister and brother go to the same school?”She asked Nam =>She asked………

5 “Do the children perform on TV?” Her mother asked her teacher =>Her mother asked………

6 “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom =>She asked………

7 “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend =>He asked………

8 “Do you travel to school by bus?” Tam asked Peter =>Tam asked ………

9 “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan =>Tuan asked………

10 “Do you need an umbrella to go out?” She asked me =>She asked………

2: The present perfect tense 1-Công thức: (+) S + have/ has + V-pII

(-) S + have / has + not + V-pII

(?) Have/ Has + S + V-pII ?

-Yes, S + have/ has.

-No, S + have/ hasn’t.

Notes: Have: they, we, you, 2TR

Has : I, she, he, it, 1TR

2- Cách dung:

-Diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra

Ex: She has just arrived at the airport

They have begun a new English class recently

- Diễn tả sự việc xảy ra không nhớ rõ thời gian

Ex: I have already seen that play

Have you ever been to New York?

He has not repaired his car yet?

- Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn liên quan đến hiện tại

Ex: I have lived in Lam Cot since 2004

I have lived in Lam Cot for 4 years

3 – Các từ đi kèm:

Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, it’s the first/ second time…, up to now, up to the present, till now(cho tới bây giờ), all + TTSH + life

* Vị trí của các từ: - Just, never, ever, already đứng ngay sau have/ has

- Yet, before đứng cuối cõu.

*Notes: yet: chỉ dung trong cõu phủ định và cõu hỏi

For + khoảng thời gian

Since + mốc thời gian ở quỏ khứ

Never: mang nghĩa phủ định

1 How long you ( study ) ……… English ? for five years.

2 I ( wait ) for two hours, but she ( not come ) ……… yet.

3 They ( live ) ……… in Ho Chi Minh city since 1975.

4 She ( read ) ……… all the books written by Dickens How many books you ( read )?

5 He ( not , be ) ……… here since Christmas I wonder where he ( live ) since then.

6 Jack ( go ) ……… to Paris for a holiday He never ( be ) there

7 ……… You ( sleep ) ……… so far ? I ………… ( ring ) the bell for the last twenty minutes.

8 He ( write ) ………… a novel for two years, nut he ( not finish ) yet.

9 Mary ( lose ) ……… her hat and she ( look) for it until now.

10.I ( see ) ………… that film several times because I like it.

1-ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE : It’s + adjective + to-V

- It’s dangerous to swim in that river ( Bụi ụỷ con soõng ủoự thaọt nguy hieồm.)

- It’s easy to learn English ( Raỏt deó hoùc tieỏng Anh / Hoùc tieỏng Anh raỏt deó.)

- It’s difficult to do that exercise ( Laứm baứi taọp ủoự raỏt khoự.)

Nhửừng Adjectives thửụứng gaởp trong caỏu truực naứy laứ:

easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, lovely, interesting, nice, great…

=> It’s + adj + to V … = To V + tobe + adj = V-ing + tobe + adj

2- ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY A NOUN CLAUSE:

Subject + Verb + adjective + noun clause

- They are delighted that you passed your exam (Hoù raỏt vui khi baùn thi ủaọu.)

- He was happy that you remembered his birthday ( OÂng aỏy raỏt vui khi baùn nhụự sinh nhaọt cuỷa oõng aỏy.)

- I’m sure that they will come (Toõi chaộc chaộn hoù seừ ủeỏn.)

Nhửừng Adjectives thửụứng gaởp trong caỏu truực naứy laứ:

happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry…

3 PHRASE OF PURPOSE

Ta coự theồ duứng caỏu truực so as (not) to + Vo hoaởc in order (not) to + Vo ủeồ dieón taỷ 1 muùc ủớch.

Vớ duù : - I study hard in order to pass the exam

- I study hard so as to pass the exam

- She opened the umbrella in order to protect herself from rain

- She opened the umbrella so as to protect herself from rain

1-công thức tổng quát:

S + V + O

S + be + pII + by+O

*Câu bị động ở thì hiện tại thờng:

S + V-s,es + O

S + am/ is/ are + pII + by+ O

Ex: The workers make the pens

The pens are made by workers

*Câu bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn:

S + V-ed + O

S + was / were + pII + by+ O EX: I visited my grandparents last week My parents were visited by me last week *Câu bị động ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have/ has + V- pII + O

S + have/ has + been + pII + by+ O Ex:They have built this house since last week This house has been built since last week (by them) *Câu bị động của các động từ khuyết thiếu: S + modal + V + O

S + modal + be + pII + by+O Ex:He can mend this bike This bike can be mended by him 2-Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: -Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ, tân ngữ của câu chủ động -Tân ngữ của câu chủ động chuyển thành chủ ngữ của câu bị động -Viết be ở thì của động từ chính trong câu chủ động -Viết động từ chính của câu bị động ở dạng quá khứ phân từ -Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động chuyển thành tân ngữ của câu bị động, viết sau chữ BY -Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ nhân xng (they, he, she, we, you) hay đại từ bất định (someone, everyone ) có thể bỏ ở câu bị động -Đối với động từ khuyết thiếu ở câu bị động, ta thêm BE vào giữa động từ khuyết thiếu và động từ chính (ở dạng quá khứ phân từ) 1 They break the glass into small pieces 2 They wash the glass with a detergent liquid 3 They dry the glass pieces completely 4 People mix them with certain specific chemicals 5 They melt the mixture until it becomes a liquid 6 John will collect me at the airport 7 He will play football all over the world 8 We must pay this bill at once 9 Lan can speak French 10 People speak English all over the world PASSIVE VOICE 1) A group of students have met their friends at the railway station

2) They didn't allow Tom to take these books home

3) The teacher won't correct exercises tomorrow

4) How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?

5) This well-known library attracts many people

6) All students attended the meeting

7) People say that he is intelligent

8) He can't repair my bike

9) Mary has operated Tom since 10 o'clock

10) This is the second time they have written to us about this

11) Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years

12) They didn't look after the children properly

13) Nobody swept this street last week

14) People drink a great deal of tea in England

15) People speak English all over the world

16) Tom was writing 2 poems

17) She often takes her dog for a walk

18) How many lessons are you going to learn next month?

19) She didn't introduce me to her mother

20) Someone had invented electric lights before I was born

21) Farmers usually milk cows twice a day

22) He likes people to call him "sir"

23) People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars

24) Our teacher used to bid us talk in class

25) Don't let other see you

26) Workers were digging a large hole in the ground

27) Before they took exams they had revised their lesson

28) The car knocked a woman down in the street

29) When he came home his father was reading a newspaper

30) Cows were eating grass on the meadow

III/ Make the questions for the underlined words:

1 Two hundred people are employed by the company

2 Cheese and butter are made from milk.

3 The result will be known next week

4 a milk bottle can be reused thirty times

5 The park gates are locked at 6:30 p.m

6 The applications should be sent to the main office

7 The room is cleaned every day

8 Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem “A Visit from Saint Nocholas”

9 Angkor Wat was part of a royal Khmer city a long time ago

10 Phong Nha Cave is in the North Viet Nam

1- Hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ: V-ing and V-ed participles:

Coự 2 loaùi Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases vaứ Past Participle Phrases.

a Present Participle Phrases: dieón taỷ yự chuỷ ủoọng (Active), hoaởc “ủang laứm gỡ” Thường dựng với người

- The boystanding over there is Jack.

- The boys playing in the garden are his sons.

b Past Participle Phrases: dieón taỷ yự thuù ủoọng (Passive) Thường dựng với đồ vật

- The car made from recycled aluminum cans is 5 dollars.

- The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s.

2-câu yêu cầu và đề nghị:

 Chuựng ta coự theồ duứng 1 trong nhửừng caựch sau ủaõy ủeồ ủửa ra 1 lụứi ủeà nghũ hoaởc yeõu caàu

Lửu yự ủoọng tửứ ủửựng sau mind phaỷi ụỷ daùng V-ing (Gerund)

Công thức: Do you mind +V-ing

Would you mind

- Do you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baùn mụỷ duứm cửỷa soồ.)

- Would you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baùn mụỷ duứm cửỷa soồ.)

* Neỏu ủoàng yự, ta coự theồ duứng 1 trong nhửừng caựch sau ủaõy:

- No, I don’t mind

- No, of course not

- Not at all

- No problem

* Neỏu khoõng theồ laứm theo yeõu caàu, ta coự theồ duứng 1 trong nhửừng caựch sau ủaõy:

- I’m sorry, I can’t

 Neỏu muoỏn xin pheựp cho mỡnh laứm chuyeọn gỡ, ta coự theồ duứng 1 trong nhửừng caựch sau ủaõy:

Công thức: Do you mind if I + V-htđ

Would you mind if I + V-qkđ

- Do you mind if I open the window? (Toõi mụỷ cửỷa soồ coự phieàn cho baùn khoõng?)

- Would you mind if I opened the window? (Toõi mụỷ cửỷa soồ coự phieàn cho baùn khoõng?)

* Neỏu ủoàng yự, ta coự theồ duứng 1 trong nhửừng caựch sau ủaõy:

- No, I don’t mind

- No, of course not

- Not at all

- No problem

- Please do

- Please go ahead

* Neỏu khoõng ủoàng yự, ta coự theồ duứng 1 trong nhửừng caựch sau ủaõy:

- I’d prefer you didn’t.

- I’d rather you didn’t.

1-Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: (past continuous)

a-Công thức:

(+)S + was/ were + V-ing…

(-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing…

(?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing ?

-Yes, S + was/ were

-No, S + was/ were + not

b-Cách dùng:

-Diễn tả 1 hành động đang diễn ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Ex: I was watching TV at 8 o’ clockclock last night

-Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác cắt ngang

Ex: When my mother came, I was watching TV

(hành động nào xảy ra trớc: chia ở QKTD, hành động xảy ra sau: chia ở QKĐ và đi kèm when)

-Diễn tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Ex:While I was watching TV, my father was reading a newspaper

c-Các từ đi kèm:

At 8 o’ clockclock last night, at this time last week/ month/ year, when + QKĐ, while.

*Một số động từ không chia ở thì tiếp diễn:

Hear, know, understand, have, love, like, want, prefer, need, wish…

Simple Past or Past Continuous.

1 When I ( arrive ) ……… at his house, he still ………… ( sleep ).

2 The light ( go ) ……… out while we ( have ) ………… dinner.

3 Bill ( have ) ……… breakfast, when I ……… ( stop ) at his house this morning.

4 As we ………… ( cross ) the street, we ……… ( see ) an accident.

5 Tom ………… ( see ) a serious accident while he ………… ( stand ) at the bus stop.

6 While my father ( read ) a newspaper, I ……… ( learn ) my lesson and my sister ………… ( do ) her homework.

7 The children ……… ( play ) football when their mother ………… ( come ) back home.

9 He ………… ( sit ) in a cafe when I ……… ( see ) him.

10.I ………… ( be ) very tired because I ………… ( work ) all day yesterday

2-Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với always: Mang ý nghĩa than phiền về điều gì:

You are always getting up late in winter

 Mai is always getting up late in winter

- Asks Ss if they often talk in class in order to give the complain

Encourage Ss to give the complain about their friends:

SA : You are always talking in class

 Minh is always talking in class

 S + am/ is / are + always + V ing

1 QUESTIONS WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVES: Wh-word + to-infinitive

Nhửừng ủoọng tửứ thửụứng duứng trong caỏu truực naứy laứ: tell, show, point out, learn …

- He told me what to do

- He showed us how to open the box

- He pointed out where to get tickets

2 VERB + TO-INFINITIVE

Nhửừng ủoọng tửứ thửụứng duứng trong caỏu truực naứy laứ:

start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, …

- I want to buy a new shirt

- He decided to go home

- They started to run

Haừy nhaọn xeựt caựch thaứnh laọp túnh tửứ keựp trong caực vớ duù sau:

- The people who love peace => The peace-loving people

- The story that breaks our heart => The heart-breaking story

Haừy nhaọn xeựt caựch thaứnh laọp danh tửứ keựp trong caực vớ duù sau:

- Stamp collecting - Window shopping