cleft sentences

Ex: The pupils learnt the lesson in the classroom S V It was the pupils that/ who learnt the lesson in the classroom.. Muốn nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể hay người gây ra hành động,người ta dù

Ex: The pupils learnt the lesson in the classroom

S V

It was the pupils that/ who learnt the lesson in the classroom

Be S V

1.Subject focus

The dog grabbed at the bone.

S V

It was the dog which / that grabbed at the bone.

Be S V

It + is/was + is/was + S + S + that + that +V… (chính… làm gì)

Muốn nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể hay người gây ra hành

động,người ta dùng câu chẻ để diễn đạt và đặt trọng tâm vào

chủ thể đó.Để nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ, ta đưa chủ ngữ đó vào giữa

it is/was và that.

Chúng ta có thể dùng who (chỉ người), which (chỉ vật,sự vật)

thay cho that khi nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ

Khi chủ từ số nhiều được nhấn mạnh, thì động từ trong

mệnh đề quan hệ ở số nhiều

It + is/was + is/was + S + S + that + that /who / who +V…… (chính… làm gì)

Ex: The man gave her the book  It was the man that gave her the book

Ex2 Tom gave Mary a rose  It was Tom who/that gave Mary a rose

Ex 3 Daisy washes clothes every day

 It is Daisy who/that washes clothes every day

1 The boy visited his uncle last month.

 It was the boy who visited his uncle last month.

2 My mother bought me a present on my birthday.

 It was my mother who/ that bought me a present on my

birthday

3 Huong and Sandra sang together at the party

It was Huong and Sandra that/who sang together at the party

4 Nam's father got angry with him

 It was Nam's father that/who got angry with him

5 The boys played football all day long.

It was the boys who/who played football all day long.

6 The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday

It was the girl that /who received a letter from her friend yesterday

The pupils learnt the lesson in the classroom.

O

 It was the lesson that the pupils learnt in the classroom .

O S V

2.OBJECT FOCUS

It+ is/ was + O + that/who(m) + S+ V ………

Để nhấn mạnh vào túc từ hay đối tượng của

đặt trọng tâm vào túc từ Ta đưa túc từ vào giữa

It is/ was và that

Khi nhấn mạnh túc từ ta chỉ sử dụng that

The boy hit the dog in the garden

It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden

4 Hoa borrowed the book from Long.

 It was the book that Hoa borrowed from Long.

3 She sent her friend the postcard.

 It was the postcard that she sent her friend.

2.The woman gave him the book.

 It was the book that the man gave him.

1.The man is learning English.

 It is English that the man is learning.

5 The little boy greeted his grandfather in a strange language

 It was his grandfather who(m) the little boy greeted in a strange language.

6 The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions

 It was the policeman that/whom the pedestrian asked a lot of questions

3 ADVERBIAL FOCUS

Ex1:The pupils learnt the lesson in the classroom

adverb of place

It was in the classroom that the pupils learnt the lesson.

adverb of place S V

Ex2: She bought him a shirt at the shop

 It was at the shop that she bought him a shirt

It+ is/was + adverbial focus + that + S+ V ……

Muốn nhấn mạnh vào trạng ngữ( thời gian ,địa điểm) của mệnh đề, người ta dùng câu chẻ để diễn đạt và đặt trọng tâm vào chu cảnh hay trạng ngữ.

Để nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ ,ta đưa trạng ngữ đó vào giữa It is/ was và that

Khi nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ ta chỉ sử dụng that

1 The boy hit the dog in the garden

 It was in the garden that the boy hit the dog

2 She made some cakes for tea

It was for tea that she made some cakes

3 His father repaired the bicycle for him

It was for him that his father repaired the bicycle

5 He met his wife in Britain

It was in Britain that he met his wife.

6 She bought that present from the shop

It was from the shop that she bought that present.

7 The meeting started at 8.00a.m

It was at 8.00a.m that the meeting started

Ex1: The boy saw the dog in the garden.

 It was the dog that was seen in the garden by the boy.

It + was/is + O + that + (is/are/am/was/were/ ) + past participle + (by+O)

Ex2: The children broke the window yesterday.

It was the window that was broken by the children yesterday.

2.Cleft sentences in passive.

Ex3:She frightened the children.

It was the children that was frightened by her

Ex4:.Her younger sister broke her glasses.

 It was her glasses that was broken by Her younger sister

Ex5:The Prince kissed my younger sister at the party.

It was my younger sister that was kissed at the party by the

Prince

It was this story book that was given me as a birthday present

by My father

Ex6: My father gave me this story book as a birthday present.

1 Fans gave Christina lots of flowers.

2 The pedestrian asked the policeman for direction to the post office

3.People talked a lot about his house.

4 His father bought him a bicycle for his birthday.

5 He described his hometown in his novel.

10.Vietnamese people celebrate Tet as the greatest occasion in a year.

 It was Christina who/that was given lots of flowers

 It was his house that was talked a lot about

It was the policeman that was asked for direction to the post office

by the pedestrian.

 It was a bicycle that was bought for his birthday by his father

It was his hometown that was described in his novel (by him)

 It was Tet that was celebrated as the greatest occasion in a year

by Vietnamese people

Rewrite the following sentences using the structure it is/ was

that + passive voice

1 It was Mr Johnson that every student respected to.



2 It was in Bristol where they made the film.



3 It was the manager that we saw.



4 It was wine that we ordered.



5 It is the English exam that the students most worry about.



It was Mr John son that was respected to by every student.

It was in BristoI that the film was made.

It was the manager that was seen.

It was wine that was ordered.

It is the English exam that is most worried about by the students.

passive voice

6 It is pop music that my brother prefers.



7 It is Tet that Vietnameses celebrate, as the greatest occasion in a year



8 It was the computer that my parents gave me as a birthday

present.



9 It is Santa Clause who most children are waiting for on Christmas Eve.



10 It is English that people all over the world use.

It is pop music that is prefered by my brother.

It is Tet that is celebrated as the greatest occasion in a year by

Vietnameses.

It was the computer that was given to me as a birthday present by my parents.

It is Santa Clause that is been waiting for on Christmas Eve by

most children.

Choose the word whose underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others:

Choose the best answer:

5 Not only my son but also I ……….tired of walking so far.

6 Endive can be used………as a salad green or as a cooking vegetable.

7 Thomas studied not only painting……… anatomy when he was trained to become an artist.

8 It was the musical performance on TV that ………by our family.

9 They invited ……….to their golden anniversary.

a my wife and I b I and my wife c both my wife and me d All are correct

10 It is English…is spoken in many parts of the world.

• Cleft sentences are used to help us focus on

a particular part of the sentence and to

emphasize what we want to say by

introducing it or building up to it with a kind of relative clause Because there are two parts

to the sentence it is called cleft (from the verb

cleave) which means divided into two

the thing that, the person/people who, the place where, the day when and

what-clauses which are usually linked to the clause

that we want to focus on with is or was