REPORTED SPEECH LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP

REPORTED SPEECH - Trong câu trực tiếp thông tin đi từ người thứ nhất đến thẳng người thứ hai (người thứ nhất nói trực tiếp với người thứ hai). Ex1: He said "I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday" thì QKĐ đại từ trạng từ - Trong câu gián tiếp thông tin đi từ người thứ nhất qua người thứ hai đến với người thứ ba. Khi đó câu có biến đổi về mặt ngữ pháp. => He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before. thì QKHT  Để biến đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần: 1. Đổi thì trong câu trực tiếp, tất cả các câu trực tiếp đổi qua câu gián tiếp đều lùi về một thì. 2. Đổi Chủ từ và đại từ trong câu trực tiếp. 3. Đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn trong câu trực tiếp. Changes in tenses ( Đổi thì) Direct ( câu trực tiếp) Indirect( câu gián tiếp) 1. HTĐ 2. HTTD 3. HTHT 4. HTHTTD 5. QKĐ 6. QKHT 7. TLĐ ( will/ shall + V 0 )  Can/ may  Must  ought to/ should  could/ would/ might  used to/ had better - QKĐ - QKTD - QKHT - QKHTTD - QKHT - QKHT - Tương lai trong quá khứ. ( would / should + V 0 ) - could/ might - had to - không đổi - không đổi - không đổi  Note: - Các trường hợp không thay đổi về thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp. 1. §éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ë c¸c th× hiÖn t¹i vµ t¬ng lai ®¬n. Ex1: The farmer says: " I hope it will rain " => The farmer says he hopes it will rain. 2. C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2 vµ lo¹i 3: Ex2: He said," If I were you, I would marry her." => He said if he were me, he would marry her. 3. Lêi nãi trùc tiÕp diÔn t¶ mét ch©n lý. Ex3: My teacher said, " The sun rises in the East"  My teacher said that the sun rises in the East. Change of Pronoun ( Đổi đại từ) Direct ( câu trực tiếp) Indirect( câu gián tiếp)  Ngôi thứ nhất: - I - Me - My - Myself - We - Us - Our - ourself  Ngôi thứ 2 - you - your  Ngôi thứ 3 - he, him, his, - she, her, it(s), - they, them, their o He /she o Him / her o His / her o Himself / herself o They o Them o Their o Themselves o Me / I o My - không đổi  Note: Nhất => chủ, Nhị => túc, tam => nguyên Change of adverbs ( Đổi trạng từ) Direct ( câu trực tiếp) Indirect( câu gián tiếp) 1. today/ tonight 2. yesterday 3. tonight 4. tomorrow 5. this moth 6. last month 7. next month 8. here 9. now 10.ago 11.this 12.these 1. that day/ that night 2. the day before/ the previous day 3. that night 4. the following day/ the next day 5. that month 6. the moth before / the previous month 7. the month after / the following month 8. there 9. then 10.before 11.that 12.those A. Kinds of reported speech: 1. Statements: ( câu phát biểu) Ex1: They said to us, “These are snakes.” => They told us (that) those were snakes. Ex2: “I came at 8 o’clock,” he said. => He said (that) he had come at 8 o’clock.  Note: said to + O => told + O 2. Questions: a. Yes/ No_ questions: Ex1: “ Did you see him?” she said to me. = > She asked me if / whether I had seen him. asked + (O) S + wanted to know wondered + IF / WHETHER S + V b. Wh_ / How_questions: Ex2: The stranger said, “ Where is Tra Vinh town school?” => The stranger asked where Tra Vinh town school was. Ex3: The teacher sai, “ How old are you?” => The teacher asked me how old I was asked + (O) S + wanted to know wondered + WH_ / How S + V 3. Comands/ requests ( câu mệnh lệnh/ yêu cầu). a. Infinitive ( động từ nguyên mẫu) Ex1: “Please give this book to him tomorrow”. I said to Lan => I told Lan to give that book to him the following day. Ex2: The teacher said “Nam, don’t put your leg on the chair.” => The teacher asked Nam not to put his leg on the chair. S + said + that + S + V S + told + (O ) + that + S + V told asked begged to V 0 warned S + required + O + requested advised not to V 0 invited ordered Ex3: “Can I help you?” => She offered to help me. Ex4: “I can’t help you do the exercises”, he said. => He refused to help me do the exercises. offered S + promised + to V 0 refused threatened b.Gerunds: ( danh động từ) Ex1: “Shall we cook dinner tonight?”she suggested. => She suggested cooking dinner that night. suggested S + admitted + (not) + V_ing denied Ex2: “ Sorry I’m late.” The student said to teacher. => The student apologized teacher for being late. thanked + O + for accused + O + of congratulated + O + on S + dreamed of + V_ing apologized + O + for insisted on complained about  Note: 1. Invitations: ( lời mời) - Would you like … / to V ? - Do you like/ do you want to V ? - You had better + V. - If I were you, I would - Are you free to V Ex1: " Do you want to go home with me?" => She invited me to go home. 2. Advice: ( lời khuyên) - S + should + V - S + had better + V Ex2: “You had better come to see a doctor.” => She advised me to come to see a doctor. 3. Suggestions.( đề nghị) - Let's do -Shall we… ? -Do you feel like……? -Why don't we ? -Why don't you……? -What/ How about ? Ex3: “Let’s go swimming.” => He suggested going swimming.  EXERCISE: I. Statements Put the following sentences into Reported Speech 1. She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday."_______________________________________ 2. He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow."_________________________________________ 3. You said, "I will do this for him." ______________________________________________ 4. She said, "I am not hungry now."_______________________________________________ 5. They said, "We have never been here before."_____________________________________ 6. They said, "We were in London last week."_______________________________________ 7. He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow."______________________________ 8. “I will apply for my visa tomorrow,” She said._____________________________________ 9. “ I worked for a bank in KG” He said.___________________________________________ 10. She said, “ Jenny is leaving now.”_____________________________________________ 11. “ I was watching TV at 8.00 last night.” She said _________________________________ 12. “My mother died of cancer in 1985”, Tom said to me______________________________ 13. “ I will come back tomorrow” he said___________________________________________ 14. “ I spoke to her yesterday.” He said,____________________________________________ 15. She said to me, “ I like your dress.’_____________________________________________ 16. “ I am here for a short holiday.” She said________________________________________ 17. “ I am going to New York tomorrow.” She said___________________________________ 18. “ I had written the statement of purpose before.” Peter said__________________________ 19. John said, “ I have finished studying my lesson.”__________________________________ 20. They said, “ we want to assist us today.”________________________________________ II. Questions: 1. Wh-…/ H-… questions Put the following sentences into Reported Speech 1. “What’s the weather like?” She asked me________________________________________ 2. “How can I solve the problem?” I wanted to know ________________________________ 3. “ What did you think of the performance yesterday?” She asked me____________________ 4. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked_____________________________________________ 5. "How are you?" Martin asked us________________________________________________ 6. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"_________________________________________________ 7. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter._____________________________ 8. "What are they doing?" she asked.______________________________________________ 9. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.____________________________ 10. "How do you know that?" she asked me.________________________________________ 11. “ where did you go yesterday?” she asked me____________________________________ 12. They asked, “ How can you repair this machine, John?”____________________________ 13. “ Why did the dog bark violently last night?”, John asked Peter______________________ 14. He asked me, “ How long does it take to get to London?”___________________________ 15. They asked, “ where is your school?”___________________________________________ 16. He asked me, “ why did you come to class yesterday?”_____________________________ 17. He said to me, “ What time is it?”______________________________________________ 18. Peter said, “ How old are you now?”___________________________________________ 19. The police asked him, “ Where were you last month?”_____________________________ 20. “ when did you come here?” she asked me.______________________________________ 2. Yes – no questions: Put the following sentences into Reported Speech 1. “Is your school near here?”, she said. ____________________________________________ 2. Tom asked his friend: “ Do you go to school by bus?”______________________________ 3. I asked Mary: “ Can you use a computer?”_______________________________________ 4. Mr Ba said: “ Does your father live here?”_______________________________________ 5. “ Have you ever seen a tiger?”, Ha asked me._____________________________________ 6. “ Are you learning your lessons?”, the girl asked her brother.________________________ 7. “ Did he live with his grandfather?”, she asked me .________________________________ 8. “ Will you visit Dalat?”, she said.______________________________________________ 9. “ Have you learnt French for 6 years?”, she asked me ._____________________________ 10.“ Did you come to the treather?”, she said._______________________________________ 11. “Will Ted and Alice be at the party?” She asked us ________________________________ 12. “Did you study hard for the exam?” She asked ___________________________________ 13. He asked me, “Do you like these trousers?”______________________________________ 14. Marry aske me, “ will you go to schoolnext week?”________________________________ 15. “ Have you seen this film before?” he asked me___________________________________ 16. “ Did you phone me yesterday?” Tom asked Marry________________________________ 17. “ Did you pass the exam, John?” The teacher asked._______________________________ 18. He said to me, “ Do you understand it now?”_____________________________________ 19. “ Are you hungry now?” she said to me_________________________________________ III. Commands: Put the following sentences into Reported Speech 1. John said to me: “ Bring me a book.”____________________________________________ 2. Mary said to him :“ Give me your book.”_________________________________________ 3. The boys said to his mother :“ Close the door for me.”______________________________ 4. He said to her: “ Come to dinner with me.”______________________________________ 5. The workers said : “Cook it in butter.”__________________________________________ 6. The man said to me: “ Pull as hard as you can.”____________________________________ 7. My father said: “ Do your homework, dear.”______________________________________ 8. They said to us: “ Wait there until we come.”______________________________________ 9. “ Don’t enter this area.” The police ordered.______________________________________ 10. Mai said: “ Wash these dishes”________________________________________________ 12. John said to me: “ Don’t open your book.”_______________________________________ 13. Mary said to him :“ Don’t play games.”_________________________________________ 14. His mother said to him:“ Don’t leave your hat on my bed.”__________________________ 15. The man said : “Don’t make him angry.”_______________________________________ 16. The workers said : “Don’t touch this one.”______________________________________ 17. The man said to me: “ Don’t make noise here.”___________________________________ 18. Mai said: “ Don’t use my car”_______________________________________________ 19. “ Don’t be a baby.”, Nam said to her.___________________________________________ 20. "Don't be late," he advised us_________________________________________________ 21. "Don't be angry with me," he said._____________________________________________ 22. “Leave me alone," she said.___________________________________________________ 23. "Don't drink and drive," she warned us._________________________________________ 24. "Meet me at the cinema." he said.______________________________________________ 25. The doctor said to me, “You should lose weight.” The doctor advised me ______________________________________________________ 26. Mary said, “Let’s go to a movie.” Mary suggested ____________________________________________________________ 27. “I didn’t break the windows”, Bill said. Bill denied _____________________________________________________________ __. 28. “You told a lie, Tom”, she said. She accused Tom __________________________________________________________ 29. “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening, Jack”, said Mary. Mary apologized for________________________________________________________ 30. Joe said, “Please come to my party.” Joe invited_______________________________________________________ ________ 31. “Are you the new manager, Daisy? Congratulations!” said Billy. Bill congratulated _________________________________________________________ 32. “Please give me some more money, Mum,” Daisy said. Daisy insisted her mother ___________________________________________________. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWERS 1. “ Don’t be late again!” she said. A. She promised me not to be late again. B. She said me not to be late agai C. She asked me not to be late again. D. She agreed not to be late again. 2. “ Remember to lock the door!” my mother said. A. My mother reminded me remembering to lock the door. B. My mother reminded me to remember to lock the door. C. My mother reminded me locking the door. D. My mother reminded me to lock the door. 3. “ If I were you, I would help him,” he said. A. He said me to help him. C. He wanted to help him B. He advised me to help him. D. He promised to help him 4. “ Let me open the door for you, “ she said to me. A. She offered to open the door for me. B. She offered to open the door for you. C. She invited to open the door for me. D. She invited to open the door for you. 5. She said “I’m sorry I didn’t reply to the letter.” A. She apologized for didn’t reply to the letter. B. She apologized for not to reply to the letter. C. She apologized for not to replying to the letter. D. She apologized for not replying to the letter. 6. “ I bought these books last week”. A. He said he bought these books last week. B. He said he had bought these books last week. C. He said he had bought these books the week before. D. He said he bought these books the week before. 7. “ Did they tell you when they left?” she said to me. A. She asked me if they told me when they left. B. She asked me if they told me when they had left. C. She asked me if they had told me when they left. D. She asked me if they had told me when they had left. 8. Rosa asked Jose, "Have you been studying English very long?" A. Rosa asked Jose when do you study English B. Rosa asked Jose if he had studied English. C. Rosa asked Jose if he had been studying English very long. D. Rosa asked Jose if he was studying English very long. 9. The teacher said, "Study chapters 1-4 for the final test!" A. The teacher told us to study chapters 1-4 for the final test. B. The teacher asked us if we studied chapters 1-4 for the final test. C. The teacher said us to study chapters 1-4 for the final test. D. The teacher asked to us to study chapters 1-4 for the final test. 10. “Whose composition haven’t we heard yet?” The teacher asked us to tell her . REPORTED SPEECH - Trong câu trực tiếp thông tin đi từ người thứ nhất đến thẳng người thứ hai (người. trực tiếp đổi qua câu gián tiếp đều lùi về một thì. 2. Đổi Chủ từ và đại từ trong câu trực tiếp. 3. Đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn trong câu trực tiếp. Changes in tenses ( Đổi thì) Direct. the month after / the following month 8. there 9. then 10.before 11.that 12.those A. Kinds of reported speech: 1. Statements: ( câu phát biểu) Ex1: They said to us, “These are snakes.” => They