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So sánh của ADJ và ADV

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He does not speak English so fluently as me.. = He does not speak English so fluently as I do.. Chồng cô ấy làm việc càng ngày càng chăm chỉ hơn trong những ngày này They are more and mo

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PHẦN MỘT: NHỮNG ĐIỀU HỌC SINH CẦN NẮM RÕ:

THỨ NHẤT: Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho động từ TO BE hoặc liên động từ Trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường.

THỨ HAI: Tính từ ngắn hoặc trạng từ ngắn: (short adjectives or short adverbs)

Các tính từ (adj) hoặc trạng từ (adv) sau đây được xem là tính từ ngắn hoặc trạng từ ngắn:

1 Tính từ (adj) hoặc trạng từ (adv) chỉ có một vần (đơn âm tiết).

Ví dụ: big, small, short, long, tall, high, nice, kind, fine, good, bad, sad,……

2 Tính từ hoặc trạng từ có hai vần và tận cùng là: -y, -ow, -er, -le, -ant, -ure.

Ví dụ: happy, pretty, noisy, narrow, clever, noble, simple, gentle, pleasant, secure,……

 Ngoại trừ: guilty, eager (vì hai từ này được xem là tình từ dài).

THỨ BA: GẤP ĐÔI PHỤ ÂM CUỐI

Từ một vần (đơn hoặc 2 âm tiết) có 03 ký tự tận cùng là -P –N –P (Phụ âm- Nguyên âm- Phụ âm) thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối khi thêm vào tiếp vị ngữ như: -ing, -ed, -er, -est, -ar, -or, -ish, -ist, -ess,

Ví dụ: beginning beginner, bigger, fattest, beggar, thinner, … (Dấu trọng âm chính ở vần sau) Nhưng: happening, happened, visiting, visitor, (Dấu trọng âm chính ở vần đầu)

• Từ ba vần trở lên thì thường không gấp đôi phụ âm cuối

Ví dụ: industrialize, prospectused, economicalize

CÁCH THÊM –ING CHO ĐỘNG TỪ:

Ta cứ việc thêm –ing thẳng vào động từ, nhớ gấp đôi phụ âm cuối như quy tắc đã nêu bên trên.

Lưu ý:

- Đối với động từ có tận cùng là –IC thì trước khi thêm –ING vào ta thêm –K.

Ví dụ: traffic → trafficking

- Đối với động từ có tận cùng là –IE thì ta đổi –IE thành -Y rồi thêm –ING vào.

Ví dụ: lie → lying; die → dying

PHẦN HAI: CÁC HÌNH THỨC SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ

(HỌC SINH PHẢI BIẾT SỬ DỤNG TỐT) I: SO SÁNH BẰNG:

A) SO SÁNH BẰNG: AS + ADJ / ADV + AS

Ví dụ: 1 He is as old as my father.

2 He plays football as beautifully as a dancer.

B) SO SÁNH KHÔNG BẰNG: NOT + + SO / AS + ADJ / ADV + AS

Ví dụ: 1 His bicycle is not as new as mine.

2 She is not so careful as me.

= She is not so careful as I am.

3 He does not speak English so fluently as me.

= He does not speak English so fluently as I do.

 Các qui tắc trên áp dụng được cho cả tính từ / trạng từ ngắn lẫn tính từ / trạng từ dài.

II: SO SÁNH HƠN:

A) ĐỐI VỚI TÍNH TỪ / TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN: (short) ADJ_ER / ADV_ER + (THAN)

Ví dụ: 1 You are thinner than he is.

= You are thinner than him.

2 This road is narrower than that one.

= This road is narrower than that one is.

3 He can run faster than she can.

= He can run faster than her.

4 Between Tiên and Hiền, Tiên is prettier.

B) ĐỐI VỚI TÍNH TỪ / TRẠNG TỪ DÀI:

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1 NHIỀU HƠN: .MORE + (long) ADJ / ADV + (THAN)

Ví dụ: 1 A car is more expensive than a motorbike.

2 Tom is more intelligent than his brother.

= Tom is more intelligent than his brother is.

3 I can speak English more fluently than him.

= I can speak English more fluently than he is.

4 Between Tuan and Phi, Tuan is more handsome.

5 Between Tuan and Vinh, Tuan is more intelligent.

2 ÍT HƠN: LESS + (long) ADJ / ADV + THAN

Ví dụ: 1 A motorbike is less expensive than a car.

= A motorbike is less expensive than a car is.

2 Timmy is less intelligent than his brother.

= Timmy is less intelligent than his brother are.

3 Tâm can speak English less fluently than me.

= Tâm can speak English less fluently than I can.

IV: SO SÁNH HƠN NHIỀU

S V MUC H (short) ADJ_ER / ADV_ER THAN .

MORE (long) ADJ / ADV LESS

Ví dụ: 1 A motorbike is much cheaper than a car.

= A motorbike is much cheaper than a car is.

(Một chiếc xe mô-tô thì rẻ hơn một chiếc xe hơi nhiều)

2 Tom is much less intelligent than his brother

= Tom is much less intelligent than his brother is.

(Tom thì ít thông minh hơn em trai anh ấy nhiều).

3 I can speak English much more fluently than him

= I can speak English much more fluently than he is.

(Tôi có thể nói tiếng Anh lưu loát hơn anh ấy nhiều)

IV: SO SÁNH NHẤT:

A) ĐỐI VỚI TÍNH TỪ / TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN: .THE + (short) ADJ_EST / ADV_EST

Ví dụ: This is the thinnest paper I have ever had.

That is the shortest way to go to the Palace.

This is the easiest mission I have ever taken.

B) ĐỐI VỚI TÍNH TỪ / TRẠNG TỪ DÀI:

1) SO SÁNH NHIỀU NHẤT: THE MOST + (long) ADJ / ADV

Ví dụ: This is the most beautiful picture about the Palace.

That is the most picturesque way I have ever seen

This boy is the most intelligent of his classmates.

2) SO SÁNH KÉM NHẤT: .THE LEAST + (long) ADJ / ADV

Ví dụ: This is the least beautiful picture about the Palace.

That is the least picturesque way I have ever seen

This boy is the least intelligent of his classmates.

V: SO SÁNH GẤP MẤY LẦN:

A) BẰNG PHÂN NỬA : HALF AS + ADJ / ADV +…… + AS

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Ví dụ: She is half as old as her husband is (Cô ta lớn tuổi bằng phân nửa chồng cô ta)

I have half as many books as he does (Tôi có số sách nhiều bằng phân nửa anh ấy có).

B) GẤP HAI LẦN : .TWICE AS + ADJ / ADV +…… + AS

Ví dụ: Her husband is twice as old as she is (Chồng cô ấy lớn tuổi gấp hai lần tuổi cô ấy)

I have twice as many books as he does (Tôi có số sách gấp hai lần số sách anh ấy có)

C) GẤP MẤY LẦN :

THREE/ FOUR/ FIVE/ SIX + TIMES / FOLDS + AS + ADJ / ADV + AS

Ví dụ: Her husband is five times as old as her daughter

(Chồng cô ấy lớn tuổi gấp năm lần tuổi con gái cô ấy)

I have nine times as many books as he does

(Tôi có số sách gấp chín lần số sách anh ấy có)

 Các qui tắc trên áp dụng được cho cả tính từ / trạng từ ngắn lẫn tính từ / trạng từ dài.

VI: SO SÁNH KÉP:

A) CÀNG NGÀY CÀNG :

S V (short) ADJ_ER / ADV_ER AND (short) ADJ_ER / ADV_ER

Ví dụ: Her husband works harder and harder these days.

(Chồng cô ấy làm việc càng ngày càng chăm chỉ hơn trong những ngày này)

They are more and more studious this year

(Năm nay, họ thì càng ngày ngày càng chăm học hơn)

I have worked more and more diligently to earn money for my marriage.

(Tôi làm việc càng ngày càng chăm chỉ hơn để cưới vợ)

He looks fatter and fater this year (Năm nay trông anh ấy có vẻ càng ngày càng mập hơn)

He is less and less interested in what they says

(Anh ấy thì càng ngày càng ít hứng thú vào những gì họ nói) The teacher gives less and less homework to us

(Thầy giáo cho càng ngày càng ít bài tập về nhà cho chúng tôi)

Mr Tuấn gives us more and more exercises to practise

(Ông Tuấn cho chúng tôi càng ngày càng nhiều bài tập để luyện tập)

B) CÀNG THÌ CÀNG :

THE (short) ADJ_ER / ADV_ER (S V ) , THE (short) ADJ_ER / ADV_ER (S V )

MORE (long) ADJ / ADV MORE (long) ADJ / ADV

LESS (long) ADJ / ADV LESS (long) ADJ / ADV

Ví dụ: The harder he tries, the better he studies (Anh ta càng cố gắng thì anh ấy càng học tốt hơn)

The more he practises, the healthier he becomes (Anh ta càng luyện tập nhiều hơn thì anh ta càng khỏe hơn)

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The more carefully he works, the less mistakes he makes.

(Anh ta càng làm việc cẩn thận thì anh ấy càng gây ra ít lỗi) The less you work, the less you succeed.

(Anh làm việc càng ít hơn thì anh càng ít thành công hơn)

VII: CÁC HÌNH THỨC SO SÁNH ĐẶC BIỆT CỦA TÍNH TỪ, TRẠNG TỪ HOẶC CÁC TỪ KHÁC:

good well better (than) (the) best Tốt / giỏi

bad badly worse (than) (the) worst Xấu / Dở / Tệ

far far farther (than) (the) farthest Xa xôi (khoảng cách đo lường)

further (than) (the) furthest Xa vời (trừu tượng)

many / much more (than) (the) most Nhiều

up upper (than) (the) uppermost Trên

out outer (than) (the) outmost Ngoài

old old older (than) (the) oldest Già / xưa / cũ / lớn tuổi

elder (than) (the) eldest Lớn tuổi (để so sánh trong dòng họ)

late late later (than) (the) last / latest Trễ, muộn

in inner (than) (the) inmost Bên trong fore former (than) (the) foremost trước

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Chọn một câu đúng nhất

1 Ho Chi Minh City is much than Ha Noi Capital

2 Australia is the continent in the world

3 Living in the country side is than in cities

A less peaceful B most peaceful C more peaceful D least peaceful

4 Your car is in condition than mine

5 That was the day in my life

6 Hoa doesn’t cook her mother

A as bad as B as good as C as quick as D as well as

7 She is the beautiful girl I‘ve ever met

8 The Queen of England is one of the women in the world

9 I’m sorry I’m late It took me to get there than I expected

10 Her illness was more than we first thought

11 Health and happiness are more than money

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A importantly B important C importance D serious

12 We often go camping when we go on holiday because it’s than staying in a hotel

A much cheaper B more cheaper C less cheaper D least cheaper

13 Please let me know immediately if you hear any news

14 There were people at this meeting than at the last one

15 That house over there is the building in the town

16 What’s the film you’ve ever seen?

17 What’s the river in the world?

18 I stayed in one of the rooms in the hotel

19 Let’s walk It’s just taking the bus

A as quick as B as soon as C as fast as D as early as

20 There’s plenty of food , so eat you like

A as many as B as much as C as lot as D as great as

21 We need information about historical places in Ha Noi

22 His car doesn’t cost so much yours does

23 That watch is more expensive than this one

24 The Historical Museum is becoming crowded

A much and more B more and much C much and much D more and more

25 Peas are to beans , but they are several differences

26 If you are in New York , Dallas is than Chicago

27 He gets than ever

A healthier B more healthy C much healthier D A & C

28 The Eiffel Tower is still man – made structures in the world

A one of the highest B highest one C a very high one D the higher one

29 Children often learn very things around them

30 People now live than before

31 you study for these exams, you will do

A The harder / the better B The more / the much

C The hardest / the best D The more hard / the more good

32 Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become

A more and more good B better and better C, the more and more good D gooder and gooder

33 Petrol is it used to

A twice as expensive as B twice expensive more than

C twice more than expensive D more expensive than twice

34 Peter is John

A younger and more intelligent than B more young and intelligent than

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C more intelligent and younger than D the more intelligent and younger than

35 San Diego is town in Southern California

A more nice and nice B the nicer C the nicest D nicer and nicer

36 It gets when the winter is coming

A cold and cold B the coldest and coldest C colder and colder D more and more cold

37 Robert does not have Peter does

A money more than B as many money as C more money as D as much money as

38 The Mekong Delta is deltas in Vietnam

A the largest of the two B the more larger of the two

C one of the two largest D one of the two larger

39 As she did so, her parents became

A the angriest B the most angry C the more angry D angrier and angrier

40 People should eat and do to reduce the risk of heart disease

A less fat / more expensive B less and less fat / the more exercise

C less fat / more exercise D fatter / more exercise

41 He spend a year in India and loves spicy food the food is, he likes it

A The hotter / the more and more B The hotter / the more

C The more and more hot / the more D The hottest / the most

42 Of course you can come to the party,

A The more the merrier B The more and the merrier

C The more and merrier D The more and more merrier

43 It gets to understand what the professor has explained

A the more difficult B more difficult than

C difficult more and more D more and more difficult

45 he drank, he became

A More / more violent B The most / the most violent

C The more / the more violent D The less / less violent

46 Mary was of the two sisters

A the clever B as clever as C the cleverer D the cleverest

47 French is a language to learn than English is

A difficult B more difficult C most difficult D more and more difficult

48 Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most he becomes,

he is

A The more rich / the more happy B The richest / the happiest

C The richer / the happier D Richer and richer / happier and happier

49 The fast we finish,

A the sooner we can leave B we can leave sooner and sooner

C the sooner can we leave D we can leave the sooner

50 Of all athletes, Alex is

A the less qualified B the less and less qualified

C the more and more qualified D the least qualified

51 The economic conditions today are they were in the past

A much more good B much better than C much better D the best than

52 Peter is the student in my class

53 The deep oceans contain some of the of all living creatures

54 Jane is not her brother

A more intelligent as B intelligent as C so intelligent as D so intelligent that

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55 He drives as his brother does

A careful as B more carefully C the most careful D carefully as

56 What’s the film you’ve ever seen?

57 Jane is age as Mary

58 I’ll be there I can

A sooner as B as soon as C as sooner as D soonest as

59 This shirt and that one

60 I want to buy some shoes the ones you have on

61 Mary and her mother don’t

62 despite its small size , the Indian Ocean the Atlantic Ocean

A as deep as B is the same deep as C deeper as D is as deep as

63 Sharon from other women I know

A different B as different C differs D more different

64 This one is prettier , but it costs as the other one

65 You can take books as you want

66 Of the two sisters , Linda

A is beautiful B is the most beautiful C is more beautiful D is so beautiful as

67 The lab is from the bus stop than the library

68 The accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Freeway

69 He finished the test of all

A rapidly B more rapidly C the most rapidly D most rapidly

70 Many chemicals react in acid solutions

A more quick B more quickly C quicklier D as quickly more

71 The younger you are , it is to learn

A easier B you are easier C the easier D the easy

72 It’s becoming to find a job

A more difficult and more B more and more difficult

C most and more difficult D more difficult than

73 electricity you use , your bill will be

A The more / the higher B The most / the higher

74 The more I got to know Tom , I like him

75 The room in the front noisier than those in the back

76 you are , you concentrate

A Tired / the least hard B The more tired / the harder

C The tireder / the harder D The tired / the harder

77 the man gets , he becomes

A The more old / the more weak B The older / the weaker

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C The older / the weakest D older / weaker

78 Of all the candidates , Peter is probably

A the less qualified B the qualified less C the least qualified D the most little qualified

79 100 billion stars are in the Milky Way

A As many as B As much as C As more as D As most as

80 The CDs here are more expensive over there

81 My English this term is than that of last year

82 Her math result is than her English result

83 Detective books are than science fiction ones

A more interesting B interestingly C interestinger D interesting

84 Lan is than her sister

85 He feels than last year because his study results are

A happy / good B happier / gooder C more happy / more good D happier / better

86 He is at Maths than at any other subjects

87 Phuong can speak English than Minh

88 Her voice is than her sister’s

A beautiful B more beautiful C beautifully D more beautifully

89 Her literature result is much than it was last year

90 Cinderrella danced than any other girls at the ball

A more graceful B gracefuler C gracefully D more gracefully

91 I like geography than biology

92 Chemistry is than physics

93 Rabbits run than tortoises

94 Nam is bad at art but Minh is even

95 Lan is her sister

96 She can pronounce English words than she could last term

A correctlier B more correct C more correctly D correcter

97 The country is than the city

98 In this class, the students are talking than the teacher

99 We shouldn’t be on any subjects

100 I can learn a subject if I like it and if I don’t like it

A good / bad B better / worse C better / badlier D gooder / worse

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Bắt lỗi sai:

101 This summer is hotter and more wind than last summer

102 She works hardlier and gets better results this year

103 This book seems more boring and longer than that one

104 He learns English well and harder now than he did last year

105 It is often hotter and dryer in summer than in spring

106 She can read much quickly now than in the past

107 The teacher looks happily with the students’ better results

108 She cannot speak Germany very good at the moment

109 She hardly works hardly on Science and gets worse result than ever

110 I like Geography more than History because it is more easier and more interesting

111 Summer is often hotter and humider than autumn

112 I learn History badlier than Maths and often get bad marks because I am very bad at learning by

113 My elder sister is taller and thiner than I am

114 I like Maths more than Literature because it is more short and more interesting

115 Physics is difficult than so I like Chemistry more than Physics

116 She is more happier with the results this year than last year because she gets higher marks

117 This year I work harder and play less so I get more good results than last year

118 (Teacher says to pupils): My children! Keep quiet and don’t talk noisy in class Listen more attentively

119 A good English speaker should speak fluently and clearly but not too fastly

120 You should learn harder and practise English oftener to be a better speaker of English

Chọn một câu đúng nhất

121 it / learn / Literature / difficult / Maths / is / than / less / to

A It is less difficult to learn Maths than Literature

B It is less than difficult to learn Maths Literature

C It is difficult to learn Maths less than Literature

D It is difficult to learn less Maths than Literature

122 now / can / better / football / team / play / used / than / they / Vietnamese / to / the

A Now the Vietnamese football team can better play than they used to

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B Now the Vietnamese football team better can play than they used to

C Now the Vietnamese football team can better than play they used to

D Now the Vietnamese football team can play better than they used to

123 hard / is / than / which / the / it / say / city / or / is / to / bigger / other

A It is hard to say which bigger city is than the other

B It is hard to say which city is bigger than the other

C It is hard to say bigger city than which the other

D It is hard to say city which is bigger than the other

124 hotter / summer / is / and / weather / in / becoming / hotter / the

A The weather is becoming hotter in summer and hotter

B The weather is hotter and hotter becoming in summer

C The weather is becoming hotter and hotter in summer

D The weather is hotter and becoming hotter in summer

125 more / lessons / last / are / the / year / difficult / this / year / those / than

A The lessons this year are more difficult than those last year

B The lessons this year are difficult more than those last year

C The lessons this year are more those difficult than last year

D The lessons this year are more than difficult those last year

126 Zidane / score a goal / beautiful / than / Ronaldo

A Zidane scores a goal more beautifully than Ronaldo

B Zidane scores a goal beautifully than Ronaldo

C Zidane scores a goal more beautiful than Ronaldo

D Zidane scores a goal beautiful than Ronaldo

127 Life / countryside / quiet / life / city / the

A Life in the countryside is quiet than life in the city

B Life in the countryside is more quiet than life in the city

C Life in the countryside is quieter than life in the city

D Life in the countryside is more quieter than life in the city

128 She / speak English / fluent / last year

A She can speak English fluent than last year

B She can speak English more fluent than she could last year

C She can speak English fluently than last year

D She can speak English more fluently than she could last year

129 Next time / you / prepare / lesson / careful / this time

A Next time, you should prepare the lesson more careful than this time

B Next time, you should prepare the lesson more carefully than this time

C Next time, you should prepare the lesson carefully than this time

D Next time, you should prepare the lesson careful than this time

130 I / run / fast / my brother

A I can run fast than my brother does B I can run more fast than my brother does

C I can run more faster than my brother does D I can run faster than my brother does

131 You must drive slower in built up areas you drive in the city, it is that you will have an accident

A The faster and faster / the more B The more and more fast / the more and more probable

C The faster / the more probable D The more fastly / the probable

132 As she did so, her parents became

A the angriest B the most angry C the more angry D angrier and angrier

133 People should eat and do to reduce the risk of heart disease

A less fat / more exercise B less and less fat / the more exercise

_

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