Sas 9.1.3 Language Reference Dictionary 4 Volume Set

SAS 9.1.3 Language Reference: Dictionary ® The correct bibliographic citation for this manual is as follows: SAS Institute Inc 2004 SAS ® 9.1.3 Language Reference: Dictionary, Volumes 1, 2, and Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc SAS® 9.1.3 Language Reference: Dictionary, Volumes 1, 2, and Copyright © 2004, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA ISBN 1-59047-624-7 (e-book) ISBN 1-59047-520-8 (hard-copy book) All rights reserved Produced in the United States of America For a hard-copy book: No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, SAS Institute Inc For a Web download or e-book: Your use of this publication shall be governed by the terms established by the vendor at the time you acquire this publication U.S Government Restricted Rights Notice Use, duplication, or disclosure of this software and related documentation by the U.S government is subject to the Agreement with SAS Institute and the restrictions set forth in FAR 52.227-19 Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights (June 1987) SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, North Carolina 27513 1st printing, July 2004 SAS Publishing provides a complete selection of books and electronic products to help customers use SAS software to its fullest potential For more information about our e-books, e-learning products, CDs, and hard-copy books, visit the SAS Publishing Web site at support.sas.com/pubs or call 1-800-727-3228 SAS® and all other SAS Institute Inc product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute Inc in the USA and other countries ® indicates USA registration Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies Contents What’s New vii Overview vii SAS System Features viii SAS Language Elements x PART Dictionary of Language Elements Chapter Introduction to the SAS 9.1 Language Reference: Dictionary The SAS Language Reference: Dictionary Chapter SAS Data Set Options Definition of Data Set Options Syntax Using Data Set Options Data Set Options by Category Dictionary Chapter Formats 3 67 Definition of Formats 71 Syntax 72 Using Formats 72 Byte Ordering for Integer Binary Data on Big Endian and Little Endian Platforms Data Conversions and Encodings 77 Working with Packed Decimal and Zoned Decimal Data 77 Formats by Category 81 Dictionary 92 Chapter 4 Functions and CALL Routines 75 243 Definitions of Functions and CALL Routines 252 Syntax 253 Using Functions 255 Using Random-Number Functions and CALL Routines 257 Pattern Matching Using SAS Regular Expressions (RX) and Perl Regular Expressions (PRX) 260 Base SAS Functions for Web Applications 270 Functions and CALL Routines by Category 270 Dictionary 294 References 928 Chapter Informats Definition of Informats Syntax 932 Using Informats 933 929 932 iv Byte Ordering for Integer Binary Data on Big Endian and Little Endian 935 Platforms Working with Packed Decimal and Zoned Decimal Data Informats by Category 941 Dictionary Chapter 937 948 SAS ARM Macros 1053 Definition of ARM Macros 1053 Using ARM Macros 1054 Defining User Metrics in ARM Macros 1061 Defining Correlators in ARM Macros 1062 Enabling ARM Macro Execution Setting the Macro Environment 1063 1065 Using ARM Post-Processing Macros 1066 Troubleshooting Error Messages 1067 ARM Macros by Category 1068 Dictionary Chapter 1069 Statements 1087 Definition of Statements 1089 DATA Step Statements 1090 Global Statements Dictionary 1100 Chapter 1095 SAS System Options 1439 Definition of System Options 1443 Syntax 1443 Using SAS System Options 1443 Comparisons 1448 SAS System Options by Category Dictionary PART 1458 Appendixes Appendix 1449 1633 DATA Step Object Attributes and Methods The DATA Step Component Object Interface 1635 Dot Notation and DATA Step Component Objects Dictionary 1637 Appendix DATA Step Debugger Introduction 1635 1636 1663 1664 Basic Usage 1665 Advanced Usage: Using the Macro Facility with the Debugger Examples 1667 Commands Dictionary 1678 1679 1666 v SAS Utility Macro 1695 Appendix 4 Recommended Reading 1699 Appendix Recommended Reading Index 1701 1699 vi vii What’s New Overview New and enhanced features in Base SAS save you time, effort, and system resources by providing faster processing and easier data access and management, more robust analysis, and improved data presentation By using new SAS system options that enable threading and the use of multiple CPUs, the following SAS procedures take advantage of multi-processing I/O: SORT, SQL, MEANS, TABULATE, and REPORT You can now use longer, easier-to-read names for user-created formats and informats See “Rules for Words and Names in the SAS Language” in SAS Language Reference: Concepts Two pre-defined component objects for the DATA step enable you to quickly store, search, and retrieve data based on lookup keys The FILENAME statement now supports directory services, multiple FTP service commands, and Secure Sockets Layering (SSL) The Application Response Measurement (ARM) system enables you to monitor the availability and performance of transactions within and across diverse applications The Perl regular expression (PRX) functions and CALL routines use a modified version of Perl as a pattern-matching language to enhance search-and-replace operations on text New character functions search and compare character strings in addition to concatenating character strings There are several new descriptive statistic functions and mathematical functions New formats, informats, and functions support international and local values for money, datetime, and Unicode values All data set options, formats, informats, functions, and system options that relate to national language support are documented in the new SAS National Language Support (NLS): User’s Guide A new ODS statement enables you to render multiple ODS output formats without re-running a PROC or a DATA step See the SAS Output Delivery System: User’s Guide viii What’s New Note: This section describes the features of Base SAS that are new or enhanced since SAS 8.2 z/OS is the successor to the OS/390 operating system SAS 9.1 (and later) is supported on both OS/390 and z/OS operating systems and, throughout this document, any reference to z/OS also applies to OS/390, unless otherwise stated SAS System Features Application Response Measurement (ARM) Application Response Measurement (ARM) enables you to monitor the availability and performance of transactions within and across diverse applications The SAS ARM interface consists of the implementation of the ARM API as ARM macros and an ARM agent An ARM agent generates calls to the ARM macros New ARM system options enable you to manage the ARM environment and to log internal SAS processing transactions See “Monitoring Performance Using Application Response Measurement (ARM)” in SAS Language Reference: Concepts, “ARM Macros” on page xviii, and “System Options” on page xx Cross-Environment Data Access (CEDA) CEDA processes SAS files that were created on a different host This is especially useful if you have upgraded from a 32–bit platform to a 64–bit platform Messages in the SAS log notify you when CEDA is being used to process a SAS file See “Processing Data Using Cross-Environment Data Access (CEDA)” in SAS Language Reference: Concepts DATA Step Object Attributes and Methods SAS now provides two pre-defined component objects for use in a DATA step: the hash object and the hash iterator object These objects enable you to quickly and efficiently store, search, and retrieve data based on lookup keys The DATA step component object interface enables you to create and manipulate these component objects by using statements, attributes, and methods You use the DATA step object dot notation to access the component object’s attributes and methods The hash and hash iterator objects have one attribute, fourteen methods, and two statements associated with them See Appendix 1, “DATA Step Object Attributes and Methods,” on page 1635 Engines The default BASE engine in SAS supports longer format and informat names, thread-enabled procedures such as the SORT and SUMMARY procedures, and more than 32,767 variables in a SAS data set The metadata LIBNAME engine enables you to use metadata in order to access and augment data that is identified by the metadata The metadata engine What’s New ix retrieves information about the target SAS data library from metadata objects in a specified SAS Metadata Repository on the SAS Metadata Server The metadata engine provides a consistent method for accessing many data sources That is, SAS provides different engines that have different options, behavior, and tuning requirements By taking advantage of metadata, the necessary information that is required to access data can be created in one central location so that applications can use the metadata engine to access different sources of data, without having to understand the differences and details of each SAS engine See the SAS Metadata LIBNAME Engine: User’s Guide The XML LIBNAME engine imports and exports a broader variety of XML documents The XMLMAP= option specifies a separate XML document that contains specific XMLMap syntax The XMLMap syntax, Version 1.2, tells the XML engine how to interpret the XML markup in order to successfully import an XML document See the SAS XML LIBNAME Engine User’s Guide The new SASEDOC LIBNAME engine enables you to bind output objects that persist in an ODS document See the SAS Output Delivery System: User’s Guide The new character variable padding (CVP) engine expands character variable lengths, using a specified expansion amount, so that character data truncation does not occur when a file requires transcoding Character data truncation can occur when the number of bytes for a character in one encoding is different from the number of bytes for the same character in another encoding, such as when a single-byte character set (SBCS) is transcoded to a double-byte character set (DBCS) See the SAS National Language Support (NLS): User’s Guide Indexing When creating an index that requires sorting, SAS tries to sort the data by using the thread-enabled sort By dividing the sorting task into separately executable processes, the time that is required to sort the data can be reduced See the topic “Creating an Index” in Understanding SAS Indexes in SAS Language Reference: Concepts Integrity Constraints Variables in a SAS data file can now be part of both a primary key (general integrity constraint) and a foreign key (referential integrity constraint) However, there are restrictions when defining a primary key constraint and a foreign key constraint that use the same variables See the topic “Overlapping Primary Key and Foreign Key Constraints” in Understanding Integrity Constraints in SAS Language Reference: Concepts Restricted System Options System administrators can restrict system options from being modified by a user You can use the RESTRICT option in the OPTIONS procedure to list the restricted options The implementation of restricted options is specific to the operating environment For details about how to restrict options, see the configuration guide for your operating environment For information about listing restricted options, see the OPTIONS procedure in the Base SAS Procedures Guide x What’s New SAS Utility Macro The SAS utility macro, %DS2CSV, is available now in Base SAS This macro converts SAS data sets to comma-separated values (CSV) files Prior to SAS 9.1, this macro was available only for SAS/IntrNet users Universal Unique Identifiers A Universal Unique Identifier (UUID) is a 128-bit identifier that consists of date and time information, and the IEEE node address of a host UUIDs are useful when objects such as rows or other components of a SAS application must be uniquely identified For more information, see “Universal Unique Identifiers” in SAS Language Reference: Concepts SAS Language Elements Descriptions of the new and enhanced language elements for national language support can be found in “What’s New for SAS 9.0 and 9.1 National Language Support” in the SAS National Language Support (NLS): User’s Guide Data Set Options The following data set options are new: OBSBUF= determines the size of the view buffer for processing a DATA step view SPILL= specifies whether to create a spill file for non-sequential processing of a DATA step view The following data set options are enhanced: BUFNO= supports the same syntax as the BUFNO= system option in order to specify the number of buffers to be allocated for processing a SAS data set BUFSIZE= supports the same syntax as the BUFSIZE= system option in order to specify the permanent buffer page size for an output SAS data set FIRSTOBS= supports the same syntax as the FIRSTOBS= system option in order to specify which observation SAS processes first OBS= supports the same syntax as the OBS= system option in order to specify when to stop processing observations Formats The maximum length for character format names is increased to 31 The maximum length for numeric format names is increased to 32 1706 Index year format 225 yymm 226 yymmdd 229 yyq 233 yyq, roman numerals 236 DATEAMPMw.d format 119 DATEJUL function 479 DATEPART function 480 dates, Julian 614 dates, writing yymmdd 231 yyyymmdd 231 DATESTYLE= system option 1507 DATETIME function 480 datetime value date as mmmyy 131 date as mmmyyyy 131 datetime values date as day of week 132 date as year 134 date as year and quarter 135 ddmmmyy 130 ddmmmyy:hh:mm:ss.ss 119, 121 extracting from informat values 970 incrementing 602 time as hh:mm:ss.ss 212 DATETIMEw informat 981 DATETIMEw.d format 121 DATEw format 118 DATEw informat 979 DAY function 481 DAYw format 122 DCLOSE function 482 DCOM/CORBA server mode 1572 DDMMYYw format 123 DDMMYYw informat 982 DDMMYYxw format 125 DDV (Data Set Data Vector) , reading observations into 524 DDV (Data Set Data Vector), reading observations into 523 DEBUG option DATA statement 1668 FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1194 DEBUGGER LOG window 1665 DEBUGGER SOURCE window 1665 debugging See DATA step debugger DEC format integer binary values in 158 positive integer binary values in 187 reading integer binary values in 989 reading positive integer binary values in 1010 decimal points aligned 117 replacing with commas 178 decimal points, reading as commas 1000 declarative DATA step statements 1090 declarative statements 1090 DECLARE statement 1136 DEFAULT= argument INFORMAT statement 1245 LENGTH statement 1284 DEFINEDATA method 1641 DEFINEDONE method 1643 DEFINEKEY method 1644 DELETE argument, DISPLAY statement 1142 DELETE command DATA step debugger 1683 DELETE method 1645 DELETE statement 1140 compared to DROP statement 1153 compared to IF statement, subsetting 1215 delimited data 1274 reading 1234 DELIMITER= option FILE statement 1159 INFILE statement 1225, 1236 delimiter sensitive data FILE statement 1159 delimiters INFILE statement 1236 DEPDB function 484 DEPDBSL function 485 depreciation 472 accumulated declining balance 472, 473 accumulated from tables 476 accumulated straight-line 474 accumulated straight-line, converting from declining balance 473 accumulated sum-of-years 475 declining balance 484 from tables 488 straight-line 474, 486 straight-line, converting from declining balance 485 sum-of-years-digits 487 depreciation functions 256 DEPSL function 486 DEPSYD function 487 DEPTAB function 488 DEQUOTE function 489 DESC= argument FILENAME statement, CATALOG access 1179 DESCENDING argument, BY statement 1114 DESCRIBE command DATA step debugger 1684 DESCRIBE statement 1141 descriptive statistic functions 255 DETAILS system option 1508 deviance, computing Bernoulli distribution 492 binomial distribution 492 Gamma distribution 493 inverse Gaussian (Wald) distribution 493 normal distribution 494 overview 491 Poisson distribution 494 DEVIANCE function 491 DEVICE= system option 1508 DHMS function 495 DIF function 496 difference between nthlag 496 DIGAMMA function 497 digits searching strings for 303 DIM function 498, 577 compared to HBOUND function 577 DINFO function 500 DIR option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1194 direct access by indexed values 1313 by observation number 1314 directories 482 assigning/deassigning filerefs 529 closing 482, 519 opening 502 reading from 1201 retrieving listings 1198 writing from 1201 directories, returning attribute information 504 information about 500 number of information items 505 number of members in 501 directory members 506 closing 519 name of, returning 506 %DISPLAY macro compared to WINDOW statement 1434 DISPLAY= option, WINDOW statement 1432 DISPLAY statement 1142 compared to WINDOW statement 1434 DKRICOND= system option 1509 DKROCOND= system option 1510 DLDMGACTION= data set option 16 DLDMGACTION= system option 1511 DM statement 1143 DMLOGSIZE= system option 1514 DMR system option 1512 DMS system option 1513 DMSEXP system option 1513 DMSOUTSIZE= system option 1515 DMSSYNCHK system option 1516 DNUM function 501 DO-loop processing termination value 1405 DO loops debugging 1677 DO statement 1145 DO statement, iterative 1146 DO UNTIL statement 1150 DO WHILE statement 1151 ending 1154 GO TO statement 1213 resuming 1125, 1283 stopping 1125, 1283 DO statement 1145 compared to DO UNTIL statement 1150 compared to DO WHILE statement 1152 DO statement, iterative 1146 compared to DO statement 1145 compared to DO UNTIL statement 1150 compared to DO WHILE statement 1152 DO UNTIL statement 1150 compared to DO statement 1145 compared to DO statement, iterative 1148 compared to DO WHILE statement 1152 DO WHILE statement 1151 compared to DO statement 1145 compared to DO statement, iterative 1148 compared to DO UNTIL statement 1150 dollar sign ($) argument INPUT statement 1249 INPUT statement, column input 1263 INPUT statement, named input 1276 LENGTH statement 1284 Index DOLLARw.d format 126 DOLLARXw.d format 128 domain suffix associating with authentication provider 1477 DOPEN function 502 DOPTNAME function 504 DOPTNUM function 505 dot notation 1636 syntax 1636 double-precision number constants largest 460 smallest 461 double quotation marks data values in 101 double trailing @ INPUT statement, list 1271 DOWNAMEw format 129 DREAD function 506 DROP= data set option 17 compared to DROP statement 1153 error detection for input data sets 1509 DROP= data step option error detection for output data sets 1510 DROP statement 1153 compared to DELETE statement 1140 compared to KEEP statement 1279 error detection for output data sets 1510 DROPNOTE function 507 DROPOVER option FILE statement 1159 %DS2CSV macro 1695 DSD option FILE statement 1159 INFILE statement 1226, 1237 DSNAME function 508 DSNFERR system option 1517 DTDATEw format 130 DTMONYYw format 131 DTRESET system option 1518 DTWKDATXw format 132 DTYEARw format 134 DTYYQCw format 135 Dunnett’s one-sided test 726 Dunnett’s two-sided test 727 duplex printing 1519 DUPLEX system option 1519 DUR function 509 DURP function 510 Dw format 117 E e-mail attachments 1190 creating and sending images 1192 procedure output in 1192 e-mail options FILENAME statement 1184 EBCDIC converting character data to 96 writing numeric data in 194 EBCDIC characters 334 getting by number 334 returning a string of 441 returning numeric value of 780 EBCDIC data convert to native format 954 reading 1019 $EBCDICw format 96 $EBCDICw informat 954 compared to S370FFw.d informat 1020 ECHOAUTO system option 1520 EMAIL (SMTP) access method FILENAME statement 1184 EMAILAUTHPROTOCOL= system option 1520 EMAILHOST system option 1521 EMAILID= system option 1522 EMAILPORT system option 1523 embedded blanks character data with 1273 embedded characters, removing 977, 978 encoded passwords 1200 encoding formats and 77 ENCODING= argument FILENAME statement 1172, 1177 ENCODING= option FILE statement 1160, 1171 FILENAME statement 1184 FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1195 FILENAME statement, SOCKET access 1202 INFILE statement 1226, 1244 encoding strings 827 ENCRYPT= data set option 18 encryption data files 18 Metadata Server 1555, 1556 END= argument MODIFY statement 1311 UPDATE statement 1417 END= option INFILE statement 1226 SET statement 1400, 1405 END statement 1154 ENDSAS command, compared to ENDSAS statement 1155 ENDSAS statement 1155 ENGINE= system option 1525 ENTER command DATA step debugger 1684 enumerated cashflow convexity for 462 modified duration for 509 EOF= option INFILE statement 1226 EOV= option INFILE statement 1227 ERF function 511 ERFC function 512 ERRABEND system option 1526 error detection levels input data sets 1509 output data sets 1510 error function 511 error function, complementary 512 error handling catalogs 1511 format not found 1531 numeric data 1542 error handling, in batch processing 1527 error messages 849 ARM macros 1067 for _IORC_ variable 610 logging 1588 maximum number printed 1528 returning 849 SORT porcedure 1485 writing 1156 error response 1526 ERROR statement 1156 _ERROR_ variable 1156 ERRORABEND system option 1526 ERRORBYABEND system option 1526 ERRORCHECK= system option 1527 ERRORS= system option 1528 Euler constants 460 Ew format 136 Ew.d informat 984 exact integer constants 460 EXAMINE command DATA step debugger 1685 executable DATA step statements 1090 executable statements 1090 EXECUTE CALL routine 344 EXECUTE statement 1157 execution environment 1613 EXIST function 513 EXP function 516 EXPANDTABS option INFILE statement 1227 EXPLORER system option 1529 Explorer window invoking 1513, 1529 SOLUTIONS folder 1601 exponential distribution 370 exponential distributions 420 cumulative distribution functions 420 probability density functions 699 random numbers 370, 777 exponential functions 516 expressions character values based on 584 DATA step debugger and 1666 numeric values based on 586 expressions, summing 1409 external files 507 appending records to 517 assigning filerefs 530 associating filerefs 1174, 1175 catalogs as 1178 closing 519 deassigning filerefs 529 definition 1174 deleting 521 disassociating filerefs 1173, 1175 encoding specification 1172, 1177 getting information about 553 identifying a file to read 1224 including 1222 names of information items 551 note markers, returning 507 number of information items 553 opening 549 opening by directory id 656 opening by member name 656 pathnames, returning 693 pointer to next record 554 1707 1708 Index reading 558 size of current record 560 size of last record read 560 updating in place 1166, 1233, 1240 verifying existence 525, 528 writing 563 writing attributes to log 1174, 1175 external files, reading 558 to File Data Buffer (FDB) 558 external routines calling, without return code 348 F F distributions 420 cumulative distribution functions 420 noncentrality parameter 546 probabilities from 721 probability density functions 699 quantiles 539 FACT function 516 factorials, computing 516 false expressions 584, 586 FAPPEND function 517 FCLOSE function 519 FCOL function 520 FDELETE function 521 FETCH function 523 FETCHOBS function 524 FEXIST function 525 FGET function 526 setting token delimiters for 561 File Data Buffer (FDB) 520 column pointer, setting 555 copying data from 526 current column position 520 moving data to 557 reading external files to 558 file information items, value of 538 file manipulation, with functions 257 _FILE_= option FILE statement 1165 file pointer, setting to start of file 559 FILE statement 1157 arguments 1158 comparisons 1167 current output file 1169 details 1165 encoding for output file 1171 examples 1168 executing statements at new page 1168 external files, updating in place 1166 _FILE_ variable, updating 1166 operating environment options 1165 options 1159 output buffer, accessing contents 1166 output line too long 1170 page breaks 1168 _FILE_ variable updating 1166 FILECLOSE= data set option 20 FILEEXIST function 528 FILENAME function 529 arguments 529 details 530 examples 530 filerefs for external files 530 filerefs for pipe files 530 system-generated filerefs 530 FILENAME= option FILE statement 1160 INFILE statement 1227 FILENAME statement 1172 arguments 1172 CATALOG access method 1178 compared with REDIRECT statement 1376 comparisons 1175 definitions 1174 details 1174 disassociating filerefs 1173, 1175 encoding specification 1172, 1177 examples 1175 filerefs for aggregate storage location 1176 filerefs for external files 1174, 1175 filerefs for output devices 1175 FTP access method 1193 LIBNAME statement and 1176 operating environment information 1174 operating environment options 1174 options 1174 routing PUT statement output 1176 SOCKET access method 1202 URL access method 1206 writing file attributes to log 1174, 1175 FILENAME statement, CATALOG access method 1178 catalog options 1179 details 1179 examples 1179 FILENAME statement, CLIPBOARD access method 1181 FILENAME statement, EMAIL (SMTP) access method 1184 e-mail options 1184 examples 1190 overview 1190 PUT statement for 1187 FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1193 anonymous login to FTP 1199 arguments 1193 comparisons 1198 directory listings, retrieving 1198 encoded passwords 1200 examples 1198 FTP options 1194 importing transport data sets 1200 reading and writing from directories 1201 remote host files, creating 1199 remote host files, reading 1199 S370V files, reading on z/OS 1199 transport libraries, creating with transport engine 1200 transporting data libraries 1200 FILENAME statement, SOCKET access method 1202 client mode 1204 details 1203 examples 1204 server mode 1204 TCPIP options 1202 FILENAME statement, URL access method 1206 accessing files at a Web site 1207 arguments 1206 details 1207 examples 1207 reading part of a URL file 1208 user ID and password 1208 FILEREF function 531 filerefs assigning to directories 529 assigning to external files 530 assigning to output devices 529 assigning to pipe files 530 associating with aggregate storage location 1176 associating with external files 1174, 1175 associating with output devices 1175 deassigning 529 definition 1174 disassociating from external files 1173, 1175 FILENAME function 529 FILENAME statement 1172 system-generated 530 verifying 531 files, master updating 1416 FILEVAR= option FILE statement 1161, 1169 INFILE statement 1227, 1240 financial functions 255 FIND function 532 FIND method 1646 FINDC function 534 FINFO function 538 compared to FOPTNUM function 553 FINV function 539 FIPNAME function 540 compared to FIPNAMEL function 542 compared to FIPSTATE function 543 FIPNAMEL function 541, 542 compared to FIPNAME function 541 compared to FIPSTATE function 543 FIPS codes, converting to 540 postal codes 543 state names 540 FIPSTATE function 540, 543 compared to FIPNAME function 542 compared to FIPNAMEL function 540 FIRST method 1648 FIRSTOBS= data set option 21 compared to FIRSTOBS= system option 1530 FIRSTOBS= option INFILE statement 1227 FIRSTOBS= system option 1530 fixed-point values reading in Intel and DEC formats 989, 1010 writing 156 floating-point data, reading 986 floating-point data (IEEE), reading 991 floating-point values converting to hexadecimal 153 IEEE format 159 writing 150 FLOATw.d format 150 FLOATw.d informat 986 FLOOR function 544 Index floor values 544 FLOORZ function 545 FLOWOVER option FILE statement 1161 INFILE statement 1228, 1238 FMTERR system option 1531 FMTSEARCH= system option 1532 FNONCT function 546 FNOTE function 548 FONTSLOC= system option 1533 FOOTNOTE statement 1208 footnotes customizing with ODS 1412 FOOTNOTES option FILE statement 1161 FOPEN function 549 FOPTNAME function 538, 551 compared to FINFO function 538 compared to FOPTNUM function 553 FOPTNUM function 538, 553 compared to FINFO function 538 format catalogs, search order 1532 format decimal values, returning 886 arguments 887 variables 886 format names, returning 888 arguments 889 variables 888 FORMAT statement 1210 specifying formats with 73 format width, returning 888 arguments 891 variables 888, 890 formats 71 applying 755 associating with variables 1111, 1210 by category 81 byte ordering 75 character, specifying at run time 756 data conversions 77 DATA step debugger and 1672 encodings 77 integer binary notation 76 name length 1624 not found 1531 numeric, specifying at run time 758 packed decimal data 77 permanent 74 returning 873, 884, 892 specifying 72 specifying with ATTRIB statement 74 specifying with FORMAT statement 73 specifying with PUT function 73 specifying with PUT statement 73 specifying with %SYSFUNC function 73 syntax 72 temporary 74 user-defined 74 zoned decimal data 77 formatted input 1253, 1266 modified list input vs 1272 formatted output 1350, 1363 formatting characters 1534 FORMCHAR= system option 1534 FORMDLIM= system option 1534 FORMS= system option 1535 {fourth} 4th moment 620 FPOINT function 554 FPOS function 555 FPUT function 557 fractions 151, 223 FRACTw format 151 FREAD function 558 FREWIND function 559 FRLEN function 560 FRMDLIM= system option 1534 FRMS= system option 1535 FROM= option FILENAME statement 1185 FSEP function 561 FTP access method FILENAME statement 1193 FTP argument FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1193 FTP login, anonymous 1199 functions 252 by category 270 COMB 442 CONSTANT 459 DATA step functions within macro functions 256 DATDIF 477 depreciation functions 256 descriptive statistic functions 255 DEVIANCE 491 FACT 516 file manipulation with 257 financial functions 255 for Web applications 270 JULDATE 614 PERM 715 PROBMC 725 random-number functions 257 restrictions on arguments 255 seed values 257 syntax 253 YRDIF 919 future value of periodic savings 815 FUZZ function 563 FWRITE function 563 G GAMINV function 565 gamma distributions 371, 421, 493 cumulative distribution functions 421 probabilities from 722 probability density functions 700 quantiles 565 random numbers 371, 778 GAMMA function 566 natural logarithm of 631 returning value of 566 generation data sets verifying existence of 514 generations for data sets 22 maximum number of versions 22 referencing 23 GENMAX= data set option 22 GENNUM= data set option 23 GEOMEAN function 566 1709 GEOMEANZ function 568 geometric distributions 421 cumulative distribution functions 421 probability density functions 701 geometric mean 566 zero fuzzing 568 GETOPTION function 569 changing YEARCUTOFF system option with 570 obtaining reporting options 570 GETVARC function 571 GETVARN function 573 GISMAPS= system option 1536 global DATA step statements by category 1096 definition 1095 GO command DATA step debugger 1686 GO TO statement 1213 GRAPH window 1537 graphics options returning value of 569 GROUP= operator, WINDOW statement 1428 GROUPFORMAT argument, ABORT statement 1115 GWINDOW system option 1537 H hardware information, writing to SAS log 1505 HARMEAN function 574 HARMEANZ function 575 harmonic mean 574 zero fuzzing 575 hash iterator object methods 1637 hash object 1637 hash objects 1136, 1138, 1139 HBOUND function 499, 576 compared to DIM function 499 HEADER= option FILE statement 1161, 1168 help online training, location of 1618 HELP command DATA step debugger 1687 HELPENCMD system option 1537 hexadecimal binary values, converting to integers 987 hexadecimal binary values, converting to real binary 987 hexadecimal data, converting to character 955 hexadecimal values converting character data to 97 converting real binary values to 153 for system options 1443 packed Julian dates in 181, 183 reading packed Julian date values in, for IBM 1004 reading packed Julian dates in, for IBM 1005 $HEXw format 97, 153 compared to HEXw format 153 HEXw format 97, 153 compared to $HEXw format 97 $HEXw informat 955 compared to $BINARYw informat 950 1710 Index HEXw informat 987 compared to $HEXw informat 955 HHMMw.d format 154 HMS function 578 HOST= option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1195 HOUR function 579 HOURw.d format 155 HTML decoding 580 encoding 581 HTMLDECODE function 580 HTMLENCODE function 581 hyperbolic cosine 466 hyperbolic sine 823 hyperbolic tangent 404 hyperbolic tangents 855 hypergeometric distributions 422 cumulative distribution functions 422 probabilities from 723 probability density functions 701 I I/O control MODIFY statement 1324 IBESSEL function 583 IBM mainframe format integer binary values in 195 packed decimal data in 198 positive integer binary values in 200 real binary data in 202 unsigned integer binary values in 197 unsigned packed decimal data in 199 unsigned zoned decimal data in 208 writing numeric data in 194 zoned decimal data 203 zoned decimal leading-sign data in 204 zoned decimal separate leading-sign data in 206 zoned decimal separate trailing-sign data in 207 IBM packed decimal data, reading 1002 IBRw.d format 158 IBRw.d informat 989 IBUFSIZE= system option 1538 IBw.d format 156 IBw.d informat 988 compared to S370FIBw.d informat 1021 ICOLUMN= argument, WINDOW statement 1427 IDXNAME= data set option 25 IDXWHERE= data set option 26 IEEE floating-point values 159 reading 991 IEEEw.d format 159 IF, THEN/ELSE statements 1216 compared to IF statement, subsetting 1215 IF statement, subsetting 1215 compared to DELETE statement 1140 IFC function 584 IFN function 586 images sending in e-mail 1192 IML procedure MODULEIN function in 350 importing transport data sets 1200 IN= data set option 28 INCLUDE command, compared to %INCLUDE statement 1222 %INCLUDE statement 1218 catalog entries with 1179 examples 1222 external files, including (example) 1222 including previously submitted lines (example) 1223 keyboard input, including (example) 1223 processing large amounts of data 1397 rules for using 1222 sources of data for 1221 with several entries in a single catalog (example) 1224 including programming statements and data lines 1218 incrementing values 602 INDEX= data set option 29 INDEX function 589 compared to INDEXC function 590 INDEXC function 590 indexed values direct access by 1313 indexes defining at data set creation 29 duplicate values 1313, 1322 optimizing WHERE expressions 25 overriding 26 shift indexes 604 WHERE expressions and 26 INDEXW function 591 INENCODING= option LIBNAME statement 1288 _INFILE_ option PUT statement 1346 INFILE statement 1231, 1242, 1243 INFILE statement 1224 compared to INPUT statement 1259 comparisons 1236 DBMS specifications 1232 delimited data, reading 1234 delimiters 1236 details 1232 encoding specification 1244 examples 1236 input buffer, accessing contents 1233 input buffer, accessing for multiple files 1243 input buffer, working with data 1241 missing values, list input 1237 multiple input files 1233, 1239 operating environment options 1232 options 1225 pointer location 1241 reading long instream data records 1235 reading past the end of a line 1235 short records 1237 truncating copied records 1240 updating external files in place 1233, 1240 variable-length records, reading 1239 variable-length records, scanning 1238 informat decimal values, returning 896 arguments 897 variables 896 informat names, returning 898 arguments 900 variables 898 INFORMAT= option ATTRIB statement 1112 INFORMAT statement 1245 specifying informats with 933 informat width, returning 901 arguments 902 variables 901 informats 932, 941 ambiguous data 1507 associating with variables 1111, 1245 byte ordering 935 categories of 941 integer binary notation 936 name length 1624 permanent 934 reading results of expressions 592 reading unaligned data with 1274 returning 874, 895, 903 specifying 933 specifying, with ATTRIB statement 934 specifying, with INFORMAT statement 933 specifying, with INPUT function 933 specifying, with INPUT statement 933 specifying at run time 594, 596 syntax 932 temporary 934 user-defined 934 INITCMD system option 1540 INITSTMT= system option 1541 input as card images 1489 assigning to variables 1248 column 1253, 1263 describing format of 1248 end-of-data indicator 1330 error detection levels 1509 formatted 1253, 1266 invalid data 1258, 1304 list 1253 list input 1269 listing for current session 1298 logging 1298 missing records 1304 missing values 1309 named 1254, 1276 resynchronizing 1304 sequence field, length of numeric portion 1599 uppercasing 1488 input buffer accessing, for multiple files 1243 accessing contents 1233 working with data in 1241 input column 1266 input data reading past the end of a line 1235 input data sets data set options with redirecting 1376 input files reading multiple files 1233, 1239 truncating copied records 1240 INPUT function 592 specifying informats with 933 Index INPUT statement 593, 1248 arguments 1224 column 1263 compared to INPUT function 593 compared to PUT statement 1353 formatted 1266 identifying file to be read 1224 named 1276 specifying informats with 933 INPUT statement, column 1263 INPUT statement, formatted 1266 INPUT statement, list 1269 details 1271 examples 1273 INPUT statement, named 1276 INPUTC function 594 compared to INPUTN function 596 INPUTN function 594, 596 compared to INPUTC function 594 instream data reading long records 1235 INT function 597 INTCK function 598 integer binary data byte ordering 75 IBM mainframe format 195 notation and programming languages 76 integer binary data, reading IBM mainframe format 1020, 1026 integer binary notation 936 integer binary values DEC format 158 Intel format 158 reading in Intel and DEC formats 989 writing 156 integer binary values, reading 988, 1009 Intel format integer binary values in 158 positive integer binary values in 187 reading integer binary values in 989 reading positive integer binary values in 1010 interleaving data sets SET statement for 1403, 1404 internal rate of return 607 as fraction 607 as percentage 612 internal SAS processing transactions 1464 INTNX function aligning date output 605 details 603 examples 606 multipliers 604 shift indexes 604 time intervals 604 INTRR function 612 compared to IRR function 612 INTZ function 609 invalid data numeric 1542 INVALIDDATA= system option 1542 inverse Gaussian (Wald) distributions 493 IOM server method processing information 1466 _IORC_ automatic variable MODIFY statement and 1314 _IORC_ variable formatted error messages for 610 IORCMSG function 610 IQR function 611 IROW= argument, WINDOW statement IS system option 1541 1428 J Java applet location 1459 JBESSEL function 613 JULDATE function 614 JULDAYw format 160 Julian date values, packed reading in hexadecimal form, for IBM 1004 Julian dates 78, 160, 161, 181, returning 614 Julian dates, packed reading in hexadecimal format, for IBM 1005 JULIANw format 161 JULIANw informat 992 JUMP command DATA step debugger 1688 K KEEP= data set option 30 compared to KEEP statement 1279 error detection for input data sets 1509 KEEP= data step option error detection for output data sets 1510 KEEP statement 1278 compared to DROP statement 1153 compared to RETAIN statement 1385 error detection for output data sets 1510 KEY= argument MODIFY statement 1311 KEY= option SET statement 1400, 1405 keyboard 1493 keyboard input 1223 KEYS= argument, WINDOW statement 1428 keywords, allowed in DATA statement 1505 kurtosis 620 KURTOSIS function 620 L LABEL CALL routine 345 LABEL= data set option 31 LABEL statement 1280 compared to statement labels 1282 LABEL system option 1543 labels associating with variables 1111 for data sets 31 statement labels 1281 Labels, statement 1281 labels, with variables in SAS procedures 1543 LAG function 621 landscape orientation 1578 Laplace distributions 423 cumulative distribution functions 423 probability density functions 702 LARGEST function 623 1711 LAST method 1650 _LAST_= system option 1544 LBOUND function 624 LEAVE statement 1125, 1283 compared to CONTINUE statement 1125 LEFT function 625 LEFTMARGIN= system option 1544 length associating with variables 1111 LENGTH function 626 compared to VLENGTH function 906 LENGTH= option INFILE statement 1228, 1239 LENGTH statement 1284 LENGTHC function 627 LENGTHM function 629 LENGTHN function 630 LGAMMA function 631 LIBNAME function 632 LIBNAME statement 1286 arguments 1286 assigning librefs 1292 associating librefs with data libraries 1290 comparisons 1292 concatenating catalogs, implicitly 1291, 1293 concatenating data libraries 1291 concatenating data libraries, logically 1292 data library attributes, writing to log 1291 details 1290 disassociating librefs from data libraries 1291 engine-host-options 1290 examples 1292 FILENAME statement and 1176 library concatenation rules 1291 options 1287 permanently storing data sets, one-level names 1293 library concatenation rules 1291 LIBREF function 633 librefs 633 assigning 1292 assigning/deassigning 632 associating with data libraries 1290 disassociating from data libraries 1291 keeping previous libref in current SAS session 1607 SAS data libraries 633 verifying 633 license information altering 1600 license verification 852 line-hold specifiers INPUT statement 1255 PUT statement 1352 LINE= option FILE statement 1161 INFILE statement 1228 line pointer controls INPUT statement 1251 PUT statement 1348 LINESIZE= option FILE statement 1162 INFILE statement 1228 LINESIZE= system option 1546 LINESLEFT= option FILE statement 1162, 1168 1712 Index LINK statement 1296 compared to GO TO statement 1213 LIST argument FILENAME statement 1174, 1175 LIBNAME statement 1287 LIST command DATA step debugger 1689 list input 1253, 1269 character data with embedded blanks 1273 comma-delimited data 1274 data with quotation marks 1273 missing values in 1237 modified 1272, 1274 reading delimited data 1274 reading unaligned data 1273 reading unaligned data with informats 1274 simple 1271, 1273 when to use 1271 LIST option CATNAME statement 1121 FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1195 list output 1349, 1367 See also modified list output PUT statement, list 1366 spacing 1368 writing values with 1369 LIST statement 1298 %LIST statement 1300 little endian platforms byte ordering 75 little endian platforms, byte ordering on 935 LOCK statement 1301 log writing data library attributes to 1291 writing external file attributes to 1174, 1175 writing messages to 1373 LOG argument FILE statement 1158 log files 1547 LOG function 634 Log window invoking 1513 maximum number of rows 1514 suppressing 1540 LOG window DATA step debugger 1692 LOG10 function 635 LOG2 function 635 logarithms 631 base 10 635 base 635 natural logarithms 634 of gamma function 631 of probability functions 638 of survival functions 639 LOGBETA function 636 login to FTP, anonymous 1199 logistic distributions 423 cumulative distribution functions 423 probability density functions 702 logistic values 346 lognormal distributions 423 cumulative distribution functions 423 probability density functions 702 LOGPARM= system option 1547 LOGPDF function 638 LOGSDF function 639 LOSTCARD statement 1304 LOWCASE function 641 lowercase, converting arguments to 641 lowercase letters compressing 458 LRECL= argument FILENAME statement, CATALOG access 1179 LRECL= option FILE statement 1162 FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1195 FILENAME statement, SOCKET access 1203 INFILE statement 1229 LS option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1195 LSFILE= option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1195 M machine precision constants 462 macro facility DATA step debugger with 1666 macro functions, DATA step functions within 256 macro variables 393, 401 assigning DATA step data 401 linking SAS data set variables 393, 401 returning during DATA step 845 macros 786 as debugging tools 1666 customized debugging commands with 1666 debugging a DATA step generated by 1667 returning values from 786 MAD function 641 many-one t-statistics, Dunnett’s one-sided test 726 many-one t-statistics, Dunnett’s two-sided test 727 maps location to search for 1550 MAPS= system option 1550 margins bottom margin size 1481 margins, for printed output top margin 1617 margins, printed output left margin 1544 right margin 1593 master files, updating 1416 match-merge 1307 matching access 1313 matching words 828 MAX function 642 maximum values, returning 642 MDY function 643 MEAN function 644 means multiple comparisons of 725, 731 MEDIAN function 645 memory freeing memory allocated by RX functions and CALL routines 387 SORT procedure 1604 specifying limits for 1608 memory address of variables 295 memory addresses, storing contents of 708 as character variables 709 as numeric variables 708 MENU= argument, WINDOW statement 1428 menus SOLUTIONS choice 1601 MERGE processing, without BY statement 1552 MERGE statement 1307 compared to UPDATE statement 1418 transcoded variables with 1113 MERGENOBY system option 1552 merging observations 1404 messages writing to log 1373 messages, level of detail 1568 messages, news file for writing to SAS log 1570 messages, printing to SAS log 1588 METAAUTORESOURCES= system option 1552 METACONNECT= system option 1554 Metadata Server default values for logging in 1554 encryption 1555, 1556 user profiles 1560 metadata user profiles named connection 1554 METAENCRYPTALG= system option 1555 METAENCRYPTLEVEL= system option 1556 METAID= system option 1557 METAPASS= system option 1558 METAPORT= system option 1559 METAPROFILE= system option 1560 METAPROTOCOL= system option 1561 METAREPOSITORY= system option 1562 METASERVER= system option 1563 METAUSER= system option 1564 metrics in ARM macros 1061 MGET option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1196 MIN function 646 minimum values, returning 646 MINUTE function 647 missing expressions 584, 586 MISSING function 648 missing records, input 1304 MISSING statement 1309 MISSING= system option 1566 compared to MISSING statement 1309 missing values 664 assigning to specified variables 347 input 1309 list input 1237 MISSING statement 1309 number of 664 reading external files 1237 returning a value for 648 substitute characters for 1309, 1566 MISSOVER option INFILE statement 1229, 1237 Index MMDDYYw format 163 MMDDYYw informat 994 MMDDYYxw format 164 MMSSw.d format 166 MMYYw format 167 MMYYxw format 169 MOD argument FILENAME statement, CATALOG access 1179 MOD function 649 MOD option FILE statement 1162 modified list input 1272 formatted input vs 1272 reading delimited data 1274 modified list output 1368 vs formatted output 1368 writing values with : 1370 writing values with ~ 1370 MODIFY statement 1310 comparisons 1316 data set options with 1316 details 1313 direct access by indexed values 1313 direct access by observation number 1314 duplicate BY values 1313 duplicate index values 1313, 1322 examples 1318 I/O control 1324 in DATA step 1315 _IORC_ automatic variable 1314 matching access 1313 SAS/SHARE environment 1316 sequential access 1314 SYSRC autocall macro 1314 MODULEIN function 652 CALL MODULE routine and 350 MODULEN function 653 CALL MODULE routine and modulus 649 MODZ function 653 MONNAMEw format 170 MONTH function 655 MONTHw format 171 MONYYw format 172 MONYYw informat 995 MOPEN function 656 MORT function 658 MPROMPT option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1196 MSECw informat 997 _MSG_ SAS variable, WINDOW statement 1433 $MSGCASEw format 99 MSGLEVEL= system option 1568 MULTENVAPPL system option 1569 multipliers 604 N N function 659 N= option FILE statement 1163, 1168 INFILE statement 1229 named input 1254, 1276 named output 1350, 1371 natural base constants 459 natural logarithms 634 NBYTE= option INFILE statement 1170, 1229 negative binomial distributions 424 cumulative distribution functions 424 probabilities from 735 negative numeric values writing in parentheses 173 NEGPARENw.d format 173 nested catalog concatenation 1123 net present value 660, 687 as fraction 660 as percentage 687 NETPV function 660 new in base NEW option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1196 _NEW_ statement 1327 NEWS= system option 1570 NEXT method 1651 nibble 937 NLITERAL function 662 NMISS function 664 NOBS= option MODIFY statement 1311 SET statement 1400, 1405 NODUP option, SORT procedure 1602 NOINPUT argument, DISPLAY statement 1142 noncentrality parameters 437 chi-squared distribution 437 F distribution 546 student’s t distribution 858 nonmissing values 659 normal distributions 373, 424 cumulative distribution functions 424 deviance from 494 probability density functions 703 random numbers 373, 665, 781 NORMAL function 665 NOTALNUM function 665 NOTALPHA function 667 NOTCNTRL function 668 NOTDIGIT function 669 NOTE function 671 NOTES system option 1571 NOTFIRST function 673 NOTGRAPH function 674 NOTLOWER function 676 NOTNAME function 678 NOTPRINT function 679 NOTPUNCT function 680 NOTSORTED argument, ABORT statement 1115 NOTSPACE function 682 NOTUPPER function 684 NOTXDIGIT function 686 NPV function 687 _NULL_ data sets 1627 Null statement 1330 NUMBER system option 1571 numeric arguments returning value of 438 numeric data 597 best notation 113 1713 comma format 114, 116 commas replacing decimal points 178 converting to binary 114 converting to fractions 151 converting to octal 179 decimal points aligned 117 dollar format 126, 128 floating-point values 150 invalid data, substitute characters for 1542 missing values, substitute characters for 1566 p-values 189 Roman numerals 193 scientific notation 136 Social Security format 209 truncating 597, 866 words and numerical fractions 223 writing as words 224 writing in EBCDIC 194 writing negative values in parentheses 173 writing percentages 184 numeric data, reading commas for decimal points 1000 from column-binary files 976 standard format 1042 numeric data, writing 215 leading zeros 239 zoned decimal format 240 numeric expressions missing values, returning a result for 648 numeric values based on true, false, or missing expressions 586 choice from a list of arguments 434 NUM_ITEMS attribute 1652 NUMXw.d format 178 NUMXw.d informat 1000 NVALID function 688 O OBJECTSERVER system option 1572 OBS= data set option 33 comparisons 33 data set with deleted observations 36 examples 34 WHERE processing with 35 OBS= option INFILE statement 1230 OBS= system option 1572 comparisons 1573 data set with deleted observations 1576 details 1573 examples 1574 WHERE processing with 1574 OBSBUF= data set option 38 observations 470 bookmarks, finding 716 bookmarks, setting 548 compressing on output 1501 contributing data sets 28 deleting 1140, 1377 dropping 1153 error messages, number printed 1528 first observation for processing 21 grouping 1114 merging 1307, 1404 1714 Index modifying 1310, 1318 modifying, located by index 1321 modifying, located by number 1320 modifying, with transaction data set 1318 modifying, writing to different data sets 1325 multi-observation exchanges 60 multiple records for 1256 number of current 470 observation ID, returning 671 reading 523, 524 reading subsets 1405 reading with SET statement 1399 replacing 1381 selecting for conditions 62 sorting 1114 starting at a specific 1530 stopping processing 33, 1572 updates and WHERE expression 63 writing 1341 observations, selecting IF, subsetting 1215 IF, THEN/ELSE statement 1216 WHERE statement 1421 octal data converting character data to 100 converting numeric values to 179 converting to character 957 converting to integers 1001 $OCTALw format 100 OCTALw format 179 $OCTALw informat 957 OCTALw informat compared to $OCTALw informat 957 OCTALw.d informat 1001 ODS _ALL_ CLOSE statement 1332 ODS CHTML statement 1332 ODS CSVALL statement 1332 ODS DECIMAL_ALIGN statement 1332 ODS DOCBOOK statement 1333 ODS DOCUMENT statement 1333 ODS EXCLUDE statement 1333 ODS HTML statement 1334 ODS HTML3 statement 1334 ODS HTMLCSS statement 1334 ODS IMODE statement 1334 ODS LISTING statement 1335 ODS MARKUP statement 1335 ODS option FILE statement 1163 ODS (Output Delivery System) customizing titles and footnotes 1412 ODS OUTPUT statement 1335 ODS PATH statement 1335 ODS PCL statement 1336 ODS PDF statement 1336 ODS PHTML statement 1336 ODS PRINTER statement 1336 ODS PROCLABEL statement 1337 ODS PROCTITLE statement 1337 ODS PS statement 1337 ODS RESULTS statement 1338 ODS RTF statement 1338 ODS SELECT statement 1338 ODS SHOW statement 1338 ODS TRACE statement 1339 ODS USEGOPT statement 1339 ODS VERIFY statement 1339 ODS WML statement 1339 OLAP Server session information 1470 OLD option FILE statement 1164 one-to-one merge 1307 one-to-one reading 1403, 1404 online training 1618 OPEN function 690 OPEN= option SET statement 1401 operating system commands 404, 854 executing 404 issuing from SAS sessions 854, 1437 operating system variables, returning 848 OPTIONS statement 1340 specifying system options 1443 ORDINAL function 692 orientation, for printing 1578 ORIENTATION= system option 1578 out-of-resource conditions 1494 OUTENCODING= option LIBNAME statement 1288 output aligning 1492 collating 1499 column 1349, 1361 compressing 1501 delimiting page breaks 1534 error detection levels 1510 formatted 1350, 1363 formatting characters, default 1534 list 1349 named 1350, 1371 overprinting lines 1579 page size, specifying 1581 skipping lines 1600 spooling 1606 windowing, default form 1535 output, printed bin specification 1582 duplexing controls 1519 left margin 1544 right margin 1593 top margin 1617 output buffer accessing contents 1166 output data sets buffer page size 12 creating 1129 data representation 40 data set options with dropping variables 17 keeping variables 30 redirecting 1376 output devices assigning/deassigning filerefs 529 associating filerefs 1175 output files current file, dynamically changing 1169 current file, identifying 1169 encoding for 1171 for PUT statements 1157 output line too long 1170 OUTPUT method 1653 OUTPUT statement 1341 compared to REMOVE statement 1377 compared to REPLACE statement 1381 Output window invoking 1513 maximum number of rows 1515 suppressing 1540 OUTREP= data set option 40 OUTREP= option LIBNAME statement 1288 OVERPRINT option, PUT statement 1348 overprinting output lines 1579 OVP system option 1579 P p-values writing 189 packed data, reading in IBM mainframe format 1024 packed decimal data 937 defined 937 formats and 77 formats and informats for 80, 939 IBM mainframe format 198 languages supporting 79, 938 platforms supporting 79, 938 unsigned format 188 writing 180 packed hexadecimal data, converting to character 958 packed Julian date values reading in hexadecimal form, for IBM 1004 writing in hexadecimal 181, 183 packed Julian dates 78, 938 reading in hexadecimal format, for IBM 1005 PAD option FILE statement 1164 INFILE statement 1230 page breaks determined by lines left on current page 1168 executing statements at 1168 page breaks, delimiting 1534 page buffers, for catalogs 1491 page numbers printing 1571 resetting 1580 _PAGE_ option, PUT statement 1349 page size two-column format 1168 page size, and buffers 12 PAGE statement 1344 PAGEBREAKINITIAL system option 1579 PAGENO= system option 1580 PAGESIZE= option FILE statement 1164 PAGESIZE= system option 1581 paper orientation 1578 paper size 1583 PAPERDEST= system option 1582 PAPERSIZE= system option 1583 PAPERSOURCE= system option 1584 PAPERTYPE= system option 1584 parameters passing to external programs 1585 returning system parameter string 849 parentheses writing negative numeric values in 173 Index Pareto distributions 425 cumulative distribution functions 425 probability density functions 704 PARM= system option 1585 PARMCARDS file 1586 PARMCARDS= system option 1586 parsing a pattern See patterns, parsing PASS= option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1196 passwords alter passwords assigning 43 assigning read passwords 45 assigning write passwords 65 encoded 1200 pop-up requestor windows 44 PATHNAME function 693 pattern abbreviations 807 pattern matching 743 replacement 740 patterns, parsing 802 change expressions 811 change items 811 character classes 804 example 813 matching balanced symbols 808 pattern abbreviations 807 quotation marks in expressions 812 scores 810 special symbols 809 tag expressions 810 PCTL function 694 PDF function 695 PDJULGw format 181 PDJULGw informat 1004 PDJULIw format 183 PDJULIw informat 1005 PDTIMEw informat 1007 compared to RMFSTAMPw informat 1017 PDw.d format 180 PDw.d informat 1002 compared to $PHEXw informat 958 compared to PKw.d informat 1012 compared to S370FPDw.d informat 1024 PEEK function 708 compared to PEEKC function 710 PEEKC function 709 compared to PEEK function 708 PEEKCLONG function 712 PEEKLONG function 713 percentages converting to numeric values 1008 writing 184 PERCENTw.d format 184 PERCENTw.d informat 1008 performance measuring with ARM macros 1053 periodic cashflow stream convexity for 463 modified duration for 510 present value for 759 Perl compiling regular expressions 744 PERM function 715 permanent formats 74 permutations, computing 715 See combinations, computing PERSIST= option, WINDOW statement 1432 PIBRw.d format 187 PIBRw.d informat 1010 PIBw.d format 185 PIBw.d informat 1009 compared to S370FPIBw.d informat 1026 pipe files assigning/deassigning filerefs 530 PKw.d format 188 PKw.d informat 1012 plotters filerefs for 1175 plus sign (+) column pointer control INPUT statement 1251 PUT statement 1347 WINDOW statement 1430 POINT function 716 POINT= option MODIFY statement 1312 SET statement 1401, 1405 pointer controls INPUT statement 1254 PUT statement 1351 pointer location 1241 POINTOBS= data set option 42 Poisson distributions 377, 426, 494 cumulative distribution functions 426 probabilities from 717 probability density functions 705 random numbers 377, 782 POISSON function 717 POKE CALL routine 352 POKELONG CALL routine 353 population size, returning 659 PORT= option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1196 portrait orientation 1578 positive integer binary values DEC format 187 IBM mainframe format 200 Intel format 187 reading in Intel and DEC formats 1010 writing 185 postal codes 833 converting to FIPS codes 833 converting to state names 833, 835 pound sign (#) line pointer control INPUT statement 1251 PUT statement 1348 PREV method 1656 PRINT argument FILE statement 1158 PRINT option FILE statement 1164 INFILE statement 1230 printed output bin specification 1582 left margin 1544 right margin 1593 top margin 1617 PRINTERPATH= system option 1587 printers binding edge 1480 filerefs for 1175 font for default printer 1611 for Universal Printing 1587 paper size 1583 printing bin specification 1584 color printing 1500 duplexing controls 1519 number of copies 1503 orientation 1578 overprinting output lines 1579 page numbers 1571 paper size 1583 paper type 1584 print file, initializing 1588 PRINTINIT system option 1588 PRINTMSGLIST system option 1588 probabilities 717 beta distributions 717 binomial distributions 718 chi-squared distributions 720 F distribution 721 gamma distribution 722 hypergeometric distributions 723 negative binomial distributions 735 Poisson distributions 717 standard normal distributions 736 student’s t distribution 736 probabilities, computing confidence intervals, computing 732 examples 731 for multiple comparisons of means 725 for multiple comparisons of means, example 731 many-one t-statistics, Dunnett’s one-sided test 726 many-one t-statistics, Dunnett’s two-sided test 727 studentized maximum modulus 728 studentized range 727 Williams’ test 729 Williams’ test, example 734 probability from bivariate normal distribution 719 probability density functions 695 Bernoulli distributions 696 beta distributions 697 binomial distributions 697 Cauchy distributions 698 chi-squared distributions 698 exponential distributions 699 F distributions 699 gamma distributions 700 geometric distributions 701 hypergeometric distributions 701 Laplace distributions 702 logistic distributions 702 lognormal distributions 702 normal distributions 703 Pareto distributions 704 Poisson distributions 705 uniform distributions 706 Wald distributions 706 Weibull distributions 707 probability functions 638 logarithms of 638 PROBBETA function 717 PROBBNML function 718 1715 1716 Index PROBBNRM function 719 PROBCHI function 720 PROBF function 721 PROBGAM function 722 PROBHYPR function 723 PROBIT function 724 PROBMC function 725 PROBNEGB function 735 PROBNORM function 736 PROBT function 736 procedure output footnotes 1208 linesize 1546 sending in e-mail 1192 submitting as SAS statements 1143 procedures processing information 1470 product license verification 852 Program Editor autosave file 1479 Program Editor commands, submitting as SAS statements 1143 flow into main entry 1143 Program Editor window invoking 1513 suppressing 1540 programming statements, including 1218 PROMPT option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1196 PROPCASE function 737 PROTECT= option, WINDOW statement 1433 PRXCHANGE function 740 PRXDEBUG routine 356 PRXMATCH extracting zip codes 745 PRXMATCH function 743 compiling Perl regular expressions 744 finding substring positions 744 PRXPAREN function 747 PRXPARSE function 749 PRXPOSN function 751 PS= system option 1581 PTRLONGADD function 754 PUNCH.d informat 1013 PUT function 755 specifying formats with 73 PUT statement 1344 compared to INPUT statement 1259 compared to LIST statement 1298 compared to PUT function 755 EMAIL (SMTP) access method 1187 FILE statement and 1157 output file for 1157 routing output 1176 specifying formats with 73 PUT statement, column 1361 PUT statement, formatted 1363 PUT statement, list 1366 arguments 1366 comparisons 1368 details 1367 examples 1369 list output 1367 list output, spacing 1368 list output, writing values with 1369 modified list output, writing values 1370 modified list output vs formatted output 1368 writing character strings 1369 writing variable values 1369 PUT statement, named 1371 PUTC function 756 compared to PUTN function 758 PUTLOG statement 1373 PUTN function 756, 758 compared to PUTC function 756 PVALUEw.d format 189 PVP function 759 PW= data set option 43 PWREQ= data set option 44 Q QTR function 761 QTRRw format 191 QTRw format 190 quantiles 330 beta distribution 330 chi-squared distribution 435 F distribution 539 from standard normal distribution 724 from student’s t distribution 857 gamma distribution 565 quantiles, computing for multiple comparisons of means 725 question mark (?) format modifier 592 INPUT function 592 INPUT statement 1252 question marks (??) format modifier 592 INPUT function 592 INPUT statement 1252 queues, returning values from 621 QUIT command DATA step debugger 1690 quotation marks 489 adding 763 ignoring delimiters in 817 removing 489, 959 QUOTE function 763 QUOTELENMAX system option 1589 $QUOTEw format 101 $QUOTEw informat 959 R RANBIN CALL routine 366 RANBIN function 764 RANCAU CALL routine 368 RANCAU function 765 RAND function 766 random-number CALL routines 257 random-number functions 257 random numbers 366, 368, 370, 371,, binomial distribution 366, 764 Cauchy distribution 368, 765 exponential distribution 370, 777 gamma distribution 371, 778 normal distribution 373, 671, 781 Poisson distribution 377, 782 tabled probability distribution 379, 782 triangular distribution 382, 784 uniform distribution 384, 785, 867 RANEXP CALL routine 370 RANEXP function 777 RANGAM CALL routine 371 RANGAM function 778 RANGE function 779 ranges of values, returning 779 RANK function 780 RANNOR Call routine 373 RANNOR CALL routine compared to RANNOR function 781 RANNOR function 781 RANPOI CALL routine 377, 782 compared to RANPOI function 782 RANPOI function 782 RANTBL CALL routine 379, 783 compared to RANTBL function 783 RANTBL function 782 RANTRI CALL routine 382 compared to RANTRI function 784 RANTRI function 784 RANUNI CALL routine 384, 785 compared to RANUNI function 785 RANUNI function 785 RBw.d format 192 RBw.d informat 1014 compared to S370FRBw.d informat 1027 compared toVAXRBw.d informat 1042 RCFM= option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1197 RCMD= option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1196 READ= data set option 45 read-protected files password for 45 reading data values 932 reading from directories 1201 reading past the end of a line 1235 reading remote files 1199 real binary data IBM mainframe format 202 VMS format 214 writing in real binary format 192 real binary data, reading 1014 IBM mainframe format 1027 VMS format 1041 real binary values converting to hexadecimal 153 RECFM= argument FILENAME statement, CATALOG access 1179 RECFM= option FILE statement 1164 FILENAME statement 1174 FILENAME statement, SOCKET access 1203 INFILE statement 1230 RECONN= option FILENAME statement, SOCKET access 1203 records stopping processing 1572 REDIRECT statement 1376 arguments 1376 examples 1376 redirecting data sets 1376 remainder values 649 Index remote files creating 1199 FTP access method 1193 reading 1199 remote SAS sessions 1512 REMOVE method 1657 REMOVE statement 1377 compared to OUTPUT statement 1342 compared to REMOVE statement 1377 compared to REPLACE statement 1381 RENAME= data set option 46 compared to RENAME statement 1379 error detection for input data sets 1509 RENAME= data step option error detection for output data sets 1510 RENAME statement 1379 error detection for output data sets 1510 renaming variables 46 REPEAT function 786 REPEMPTY= data set option 47 REPEMPTY= option LIBNAME statement 1289 REPLACE= data set option 48 compared with REPLACE= system option 1591 REPLACE method 1660 REPLACE statement 1381 compared to OUTPUT statement 1342 compared to REMOVE statement 1377 REPLACE system option 1591 REPLYTO= option FILENAME statement 1185 REQUIRED= option, WINDOW statement 1433 RESOLVE function 786 resolving arguments 344 resources assigning at startup 1552 Results window invoking 1513 RETAIN statement 1383 compared to KEEP statement 1279 compared to SUM statement 1409 RETURN argument, ABORT statement 1101 return codes 1589 RETURN statement 1388 compared to GO TO statement 1213 REUSE data set option compared with REUSE= system option 1592 REUSE= system option 1591 $REVERJw format 102 REVERSE function 787 reverse order character data 102, 103 $REVERSw format 103 REWIND function 788 RHELP option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1197 RIGHT function 789 RIGHTMARGIN= system option 1593 RMF records, reading duration intervals 1015 RMFDURw informat 1015 RMFSTAMPw informat 1016 compared to RMFDURw informat 1015 RMS function 790 roman numerals 193, 236 ROMANw format 193 root mean square 790 ROUND function 790 ROUNDE function 797 rounding 790 ROUNDZ function 799 ROWS= argument, WINDOW statement 1428 ROWw.d informat 1018 RSASUSER system option 1594 RSTAT option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1197 RUN statement 1389 %RUN statement 1390 RXCHANGE CALL routine 385 RXFREE CALL routine 387 RXMATCH function 801 RXPARSE function 802 RXSUBSTR CALL routine 387 S S= system option 1594 compared with S2= system option 1596 S2= argument, %INCLUDE statement 1220 S2= system option 1596 compared with S= system option 1595 S370FFw.d format 194 S370FFw.d informat 1019 S370FIBUw.d format 197 S370FIBUw.d informat 1022 S370FIBw.d format 195 S370FIBw.d informat 1020 S370FPDUw.d format 199 S370FPDUw.d informat 1025 S370FPDw.d format 198 S370FPDw.d informat 1024 compared to S370FPDUw.d informat 1025 S370FPIBw.d format 200 S370FPIBw.d informat 1026 compared to S370FIBUw.d informat 1022 S370FRBw.d format 202 S370FRBw.d informat 1027 S370FZDLw.d format 204 S370FZDLw.d informat 1030 S370FZDSw.d format 206 S370FZDTw.d format 207 S370FZDTw.d informat 1032 S370FZDUw.d format 208 S370FZDUw.d informat 1033 S370FZDw.d format 203 S370FZDw.d informat 1028 compared to S370FZDUw.d informat 1033 S370V files reading on z/OS 1199 S370V option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1197 S370VS option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1198 SAS/AF software multiple-environment support 1569 suppressing windows 1540 SAS CALL routines 253 SAS catalog entries, verifying existence 432 SAS catalogs 432 verifying existence 432 1717 SAS/CONNECT software remote session ability 1512 SAS data libraries damaged data sets or catalogs 1511 default access method 1525 default permanent, specifying 1620 listing details 1508 pathnames, returning 693 SAS data sets 322 character attributes, returning 322 character variables, returning values of 571 closing 436 compressing on output 1501 damaged data sets 1511 deleting observations 1377 most recently created, specifying 1544 not found 1517 note markers, returning 507 numeric variables, returning values of 573 opening 690 redirecting 1376 replacing 1591 reusing free space 1591 setting data set pointer to start of 788 variable data type, returning 882 variable labels, returning 874 variable length, returning 876 variable names, returning 878 variable position, returning 878 writing to 1341 SAS/FSP software, multiple-environment support 1569 SAS functions 252 SAS/GRAPH software displaying output in GRAPH window 1537 terminal device driver, specifying 1508 SAS informats 932 SAS jobs, terminating 1100, 1155 SAS log AUTOEXEC input 1520 date and time, printing 1506 detail level of messages 1568 error messages 1588 logging input 1298 news file 1570 notes 1571 secondary source statements 1605 skipping to new page 1344 source statements 1605 writing hardware information to 1505 SAS OPTIONS window, compared to OPTIONS statement 1340 SAS print file, initializing 1588 SAS procedure output aligning 1492 SAS procedures labels with variables 1543 SAS sessions DCOM/CORBA server mode 1572 executing statements at termination 1614 issuing operating-system commands 1437 terminating 1100, 1155 SAS/SHARE MODIFY statement and 1316 SAS statements 1089 executing at startup 1541 1718 Index writing to utility data set in WORK data library 1606 SAS system options CBUFNO= 1491 CENTER 1492 changing values of 1340 CHARCODE 1493 CLEANUP 1494 COLLATE 1499 COLORPRINTING 1500 COMPRESS= 1501 COPIES= 1503 CPUID 1505 DATASTMTCHK= 1505 DATE 1506 DETAILS 1508 DEVICE= 1508 DKRICOND= 1509 DKROCOND= 1510 DLDMGACTION= 1511 DSNFERR 1517 DUPLEX 1519 ECHOAUTO 1520 ENGINE= 1525 ERRORABEND 1526 ERRORCHECK= 1527 FIRSTOBS= 1530 FMTERR 1531 FMTSEARCH= 1532 FORMCHAR= 1534 FORMDLIM= 1534 FORMS= 1535 GWINDOW 1537 INITSTMT= 1541 INVALIDDATA= 1542 LABEL 1543 _LAST_= 1544 LEFTMARGIN= 1544 MERGENOBY 1552 MISSING= 1566 MSGLEVEL= 1568 MULTENVAPPL 1569 NEWS= 1570 NOTES 1571 NUMBER 1571 ORIENTATION= 1578 OVP 1579 PAGENO= 1580 PAGESIZE= 1581 PAPERDEST= 1582 PAPERSOURCE= 1584 PAPERTYPE= 1584 PARM= 1585 PARMCARDS= 1586 PRINTINIT 1588 PRINTMSGLIST 1588 REPLACE 1591 REUSE= 1591 RIGHTMARGIN= 1593 RSASUSER 1594 S= 1594 S2= 1596 SASHELP= 1597 SASUSER= 1598 SEQ= 1599 SKIP= 1600 SOLUTIONS 1601 SORTDUP= 1602 SOURCE 1605 SOURCE2 1605 SPOOL 1606 STARTLIB 1607 SUMSIZE= 1608 TERMINAL 1613 TOPMARGIN= 1617 TRAINLOC= 1618 USER= 1620 VALIDVARNAME= 1626 VNFERR 1627 WORK= 1628 WORKINIT 1629 YEARCUTOFF= 1631 SAS windowing environment invoking 1513 syntax checking 1516 SASFILE statement 1391 SASHELP library, location of 1597 SASHELP= system option 1597 SASUSER library access control 1594 name, specifying 1598 SASUSER= system option 1598 SAVING function 815 SCAN function 816 SCANOVER option INFILE statement 1230, 1238 SCANQ function 817 scientific notation 136 reading 984 SCL ARM macro execution with 1064 scores for parsing patterns 810 SDF function 819 searching encoding strings for 827 SECOND function 821 secondary source statements length, specifying 1596 writing to SAS log 1605 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol 1207 seed values 257 SELECT groups, compared to IF, THEN/ELSE statement 1217 SELECT statement 1396 comparisons 1397 examples 1398 WHEN statements in SELECT groups 1397 semicolon (;), in data lines 1120, 1135 SEQ= system option 1599 sequence field, length of numeric portion 1599 sequential access MODIFY statement 1314 SERVER argument FILENAME statement, SOCKET access 1202 servers multi-observation exchanges 60 SET CALL routine 393, 401 SET command DATA step debugger 1690 SET statement 1399 arguments 1399 BY-group processing with 1403 combining data sets 1403 compared to INPUT statement 1259 compared to MERGE statement 1308 comparisons 1403 concatenating data sets 1403 details 1402 examples 1403 interleaving data sets 1403, 1404 merging observations 1404 one-to-one reading 1403, 1404 options 1400 reading subsets 1405 table-lookup 1405 transcoded variables with 1113 SETINIT system option 1600 SHAREBUFFERS option INFILE statement 1230, 1240 shared access level for data sets 13 shift indexes 604 short records 1237 SHR records reading data and time values of 1034 SHRSTAMPw informat 1034 SIGN function 822 signs, returning 822 SIN function 822 sine 822 SINH function 823 site license information altering 1600 skewness 824 SKEWNESS function 824 SKIP statement 1406 SKIP= system option 1600 skipping lines 1600 slash (/) line pointer control INPUT statement 1252 PUT statement 1348 SLEEP CALL routine 394 SLEEP function 824 SMALLEST function 826 SMFSTAMPw informat 1035 SMTP access method FILENAME statement 1184 Social Security numbers 209 SOCKET access method FILENAME statement 1202 SOCKET argument FILENAME statement, SOCKET access 1202 softmax value 395 SOLUTIONS folder 1601 SOLUTIONS menu choice 1601 SOLUTIONS system option 1601 SORT procedure error messages 1485 memory for 1604 NODUP option 1602 SORTDUP= system option 1602 SORTEDBY= data set option 50 SORTEQUALS system option 1602 sorting data sets 50 SORTSIZE= system option 1604 SOUNDEX function 827 SOURCE entries writing to 1180 Index source lines as card images 1489 source statements secondary, writing to SAS log 1605 writing to SAS log 1605 source statements, secondary length, specifying 1596 source statements, specifying length of 1594 SOURCE system option 1605 SOURCE window DATA step debugger 1692 SOURCE2 argument, %INCLUDE statement 1220 special characters not on keyboard 1493 SPEDIS function 828 SPILL= data set option 52 spill files 52 definition 53 SPOOL system option 1606 SQRT function 830 square roots 830 SRC2 system option 1605 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol 1207 SSNw format 209 standard deviations 831 standard error of means 832 standard normal distributions 724 probabilities from 736 quantiles 724 START= option INFILE statement 1231 STARTLIB system option 1607 statement labels 1281 statement labels, jumping to 1296 statements 1089 DATA step statements 1090 declarative 1090 executable 1090 executing at page break 1168 executing at termination of SAS sessions 1614 STD function 831 STDERR function 832 STEP command DATA step debugger 1691 STFIPS function 832 compared to STNAME function 834 compared to STNAMEL function 835 STIMER informat 1036 STNAME function 833 compared to STFIPS function 833 compared to STNAMEL function 835 STNAMEL function 833, 835 compared to STFIPS function 833 compared to STNAME function 834 STOP statement 1407 compared to ABORT statement 1102 STOPOVER option FILE statement 1164 INFILE statement 1231, 1238 stored compiled DATA step programs 1130 executing 1157 retrieving source code from 1141 STREAMINIT CALL routine 400 STRIP function 836 studentized maximum modulus 728 studentized range 727 student’s t distributions noncentrality parameter 858 probabilities from 736 quantiles 857 SUBJECT= option FILENAME statement 1186 SUBPAD function 837 SUBSTR function left of = 839 right of = 840 substrings beginning of, finding 801 changing 385 changing substrings that match a pattern extracting from arguments 840 finding position of 744 length of, finding 387 position of, finding 387 score of, finding 387 SUBSTRN function 841 SUM function 844 compared to SUM statement 1409 Sum statement 1409 summarization procedures specifying memory limits for 1608 summing expressions 1409 survival functions 639 computing 819 logarithms of 639 SWAP command DATA step debugger 1692 SYMEXIST function 845 syntax 845 syntax and description 845 SYMGET function 845 SYMGLOBL function 846 syntax 846 syntax and description 846 SYMLOCAL function 847 syntax 847 syntax and description 847 SYMPUT CALL routine 401 syntax checking 1609 SAS windowing environment 1516 SYNTAXCHECK system option 1609 %SYSFUNC function specifying formats with 73 SYSGET function 848 SYSMSG function 849 SYSPARM function 849 SYSPRINTFONT= system option 1611 SYSPROD function 852 SYSRC autocall macro MODIFY statement and 1314 SYSRC function 853 SYSTEM CALL routine 404 system error numbers, returning 853 SYSTEM function 854 system-generated filerefs 530 system options 1443 by category 1449 changing settings 1446 comparisons 1448 data set interactions data set options and 1448 default settings 1443 determining current settings 1444 1719 determining how value was set 1445 determining restricted options 1444 duration of settings 1447 hexadecimal values for 1443 information about 1445 order of precedence 1447 returning value of 569 specifying in OPTIONS statement 1443 syntax 1443 system parameter string, returning 849 385 T T distributions 426 cumulative distribution functions 426 probability density functions 705 tab characters compressing 458 table-lookup duplicate observations in master file 1405 tabled probability distribution, random numbers 379 tag expressions 810 TAN function 855 tangents 855 TANH function 855 tape files closing 20 TCP/IP socket reading data through 1170 writing text through 1170 TCP/IP socket access FILENAME statement 1202 TCPIP-options FILENAME statement, SOCKET access 1202 temporary formats 74 terminal availability 1613 terminal device driver 1508 TERMINAL system option 1613 terminals filerefs for 1175 TERMSTMT= system option 1614 TERMSTR= option FILENAME statement, SOCKET access 1203 text editor commands, submitting as SAS statements 1143 flow into main entry 1143 TEXTURELOC= system option 1614 threaded processing 1615 threads concurrent processing 1503 THREADS system option 1615 tilde (~) format modifier 1270, 1272 time/date functions time, returning current 856 TIME function 856 time intervals 604 time stamp 1506 time values AM/PM 211 as hours and decimal fractions 155 extracting from informat values 971 hh:mm 154 hh:mm:ss.ss 209 incrementing 602 minutes and seconds since midnight 166 1720 Index TIMEAMPMw.d format 211 TIMEPART function 856 TIMEw informat 1037 TIMEw.d format 154, 209 compared to HHMMw.d format 154 TINV function 857 TITLE statement 1410 titles customizing with BY variables 1412 customizing with ODS 1412 TITLES option FILE statement 1165 TNONCT function 858 TO= option FILENAME statement 1184 TO statement, compared to LINK statement 1296 TOBSNO= data set option 60 TODSTAMPw informat 1039 compared to MSECw informat 997 TODw.d format 212 TOOLSMENU system option 1616 TOPMARGIN= system option 1617 TRACE command DATA step debugger 1692 trailing @ INPUT statement, list 1270 trailing blanks, trimming 864 trailing plus or minus sign 1040 TRAILSGN informat 1040 training, online 1618 TRAINLOC= system option 1618 transaction class unique identifier for 1072 transaction classes 1056 transaction data sets modifying observations 1318 transaction instances 1056 TRANSCODE= option ATTRIB statement 1112 transcoded variables 1112 MERGE statement with 1113 SET statement with 1113 TRANSLATE function 860 compared to TRANWRD function 862 transport data sets importing 1200 transport engine creating transport libraries with 1200 transport libraries creating with transport engine 1200 transporting data libraries 1200 TRANWRD function 860, 861 compared to TRANSLATE function 860 triangular distributions, random numbers 382, 784 TRIGAMMA function 863 returning value of 863 TRIM function 864 compared to TRIMN function 865 trimming trailing blanks 864 TRIMN function 864, 865 compard to TRIM function 864 TRR function 607 true expressions 584, 586 TRUNC function 866 truncating copied records 1240 TRUNCOVER option INFILE statement 1231, 1238 TUw informat 1041 two-column format 1168 TYPE= data set option 61 U unaligned data 1273 UNBUFFERED option INFILE statement 1231 uncorrected sum of squares 871 uniform distributions 384, 427 cumulative distribution functions 427 probability density functions 706 random numbers 384, 785, 867 UNIFORM function 867 UNIQUE option SET statement 1402 MODIFY statement 1312 universal printers filerefs for 1175 Universal Printing enabling 1619 printer designation 1587 Universal Unique Identifier (UUID) 871 UNIVERSALPRINT system option 1619 unsigned integer binary data IBM mainframe format 197 unsigned integer binary data, reading IBM mainframe format 1022 unsigned packed decimal data IBM mainframe format 199 unsigned packed decimal data, reading 1012 IBM mainframe format 1025 unsigned packed decimal format 188 unsigned zoned decimal data IBM mainframe format 208 unsigned zoned decimal data, reading IBM mainframe format 1033 UPCASE function 868 $UPCASEw format 108 $UPCASEw informat 964 UPDATE statement 1416 compared to MERGE statement 1308 UPDATEMODE= argument UPDATE statement 1417 UPDATEMODE= option MODIFY statement 1312 uppercase 868 converting character data to 108 converting character expressions to 868 reading data as 964 translating input to 1488 UPCASE function 868 $UPCASEw informat 964 writing character data in 99 URL access method accessing files at a Web site 1207 FILENAME statement 1206 reading part of a URL file 1208 user ID and password 1208 URL argument FILENAME statement, URL access method 1206 URLDECODE function 869 URLENCODE function 870 URLs decoding 869 encoding 870 escape syntax 869, 870 user-defined formats 74 USER= option FILENAME statement, FTP access method 1198 USER= system option 1620 USS function 871 UTILLOC= system option 1620 UUID Generator Daemon host and port 1622 number of UUIDs to acquire 1621 UUID (Universal Unique Identifier) 871 UUIDCOUNT= system option 1621 UUIDGEN function 871 UUIDGENDHOST= system option 1622 V V6CREATEUPDATE= system option 1624 VALIDFMTNAME= system option 1624 VALIDVARNAME= system option 1626 values signs, returning 822 VAR function 872 VARFMT function 873 variable-length records reading 1239 scanning for character string 1238 variables 295, 345, 405 assigning input to 1248 associating formats with 1111, 1210 associating informats with 1111, 1245 associating labels with 1111 associating length with 1111 character, returning values of 571 data type, returning 882 dropping 17 _ERROR_, setting 1156 format decimal values, returning 886 format names, returning 888 format not found 1531 format width, returning 890 informat decimal values, returning 896 informat names, returning 898 informat width, returning 901 keeping 30 labeling 1280 labels, assigning 345 labels, returning 875, 904 labels with, in SAS procedures 1543 length, returning 876 length, specifying 1284 memory address of 295 names, assigning 405 names, defining 1626 names, returning 878, 908 numeric, returning values of 573 operating system, returning 848 ... follows: SAS Institute Inc 20 04 SAS ® 9.1.3 Language Reference: Dictionary, Volumes 1, 2, and Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc SAS? ? 9.1.3 Language Reference: Dictionary, Volumes 1, 2, and Copyright © 20 04, ... SAS System Options 67 929 1053 1087 143 9 243 CHAPTER Introduction to the SAS 9.1 Language Reference: Dictionary The SAS Language Reference: Dictionary The SAS Language Reference: Dictionary SAS. .. Option 44 READ= Data Set Option 44 RENAME= Data Set Option 45 REPEMPTY= Data Set Option 47 REPLACE= Data Set Option 48 REUSE= Data Set Option 49 SORTEDBY= Data Set Option 50 SORTSEQ= Data Set Option