tài liệu ôn thi học sinh giỏi và luyện thi đại học môn sinh

1   ). I -  - -(P), F 1 , F 2 (3:1) -1:1           VD1       , 100% F 1   1  : , 100% F 1   : A  ; a    ,    P T/C  X  AA aa G P A a F 1 ) F 1 x F 1 Aa X Aa G F1 A, a A, a F 2 1 AA : 2 Aa: 1 aa ( 3  : 1 )       nhau. .  2 . . 2 : , F 1  . -- ,   a/ P T/C   AA aa G P A a F 1 ) F 1 x F 1 Aa X Aa G F1 A, a A, a F 2 1 AA : 2 Aa: 1 aa )  F 2    P T/C  AA aa G P A a F 1 )  P T/C  Aa aa G P A, a a F 1 1 Aa : 1 aa ) 2/ : . : *    .   * T:    . 3 2:   :  1   . :  1 : = 315: 105= 3 : 1     . --  F 1 : Aa  P  X  Aa Aa G P A, a A, a F 1 1 AA : 2 Aa: 1 aa )       1 . : P thân cao, F 1  . -- F 1 thân th)   P Thân cao X Thân cao Aa Aa G P A, a A, a F 1 1 AA : 2 Aa: 1 aa ) 2  .  4 -gian - - -: + F 1  + F 2 : 2 : 1  1 :  . ?  ?  ? : , F 1  . -- : a,b a/ Pt/c :   X   AA aa G P A a F 1 ) b/ F 1 x F 1 Aa X Aa G F1 A, a A, a F 2 1 AA : 2 Aa: 1 aa )  c/ P   X   AA aa G P A a F 1 )  . -  - 5 -  nâu a 1  nâu a 2  nâu a 3 - 4  - G x : 2 )1.( xx -2 alen : 1 III         -  1  nâu.   b/ . : : AA; Aa; Aa 1 : aa; aa 1 2 x 3 =   P AA X aa G P A a F 1 )  P AA X aa 1 G P A a, a 1 F 1 1Aa : 1 Aa 1 ) :  4: P Aa x aa 5: P Aa 1 x aa  1 x aa : AA, Aa, Aa 1 Kh   : P AA x Aa 1  P Aa x Aa  Aa x Aa 1  1 x Aa 1    AaBb x AaBb AaBb x aabb Aabb x aaBb AaBb x Aabb AaBb x aaBb AaBb x AaBB AaBb x AABb 9A-B- 3A-bb 3aaB- 1aabb 1AaBb 1Aabb 1aaBb 1aabb 3A-B- 3Abb 1aaBb 1aabb 6A-B- -  6 2A-bb       )       4 KH:A-B-  A--  9 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1       3KH: A-B-  -bb = aaB-  9 6 1 1 2 1 3 4 1 3 1        2KH: A-B-  -bb = aaB- =aabb 9 7 1 3 3 5 3 1        gen không alen        3KH: A-B- =A-bb -  12 3 1 2 1 1 6 1 1 3 1        2KH: A-B- =A-bb= - 13 3 3 1 7 1 3 1        3KH: A-B - aaB- =aabb 9 3 4 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 1                A-B-=A-bb = aaB- aabb 15 (1:4:6:4) 1 3 1 7 1   :, K. : -  -  -  :     ,  ,  , B- - ,b  : ?  1  1 . 7 lông  1  1  2  : :     (I,    : --- : B-ii : bbii  1 : -)  Pt/c :  X  BbIi BbIi G P BI, Bi, bI, bi BI, Bi, bI, bi F 1 :  O BI Bi bI bi BI BBII BBIi BbIi BbIi Bi BBIi BBii BbIi Bbii bI BbII BbIi bbII bbIi Bi BbIi Bbii bbIi bbii KG: 1 BBII : 1 BBii : 1 bbII : 1 bbii : 4 BbIi : 2 BBIi : 2 bbIi : 2 BbII : 2 Bbii --- 3 B-ii : l  )  1   8 1 16 2   1.  1   1. -: bbii -   F 1 x F 1 BBii X bbii G F1 Bi bi 8 F 2 )  F 1 x F 1 Bbii X bbii G F1 Bi, bi bi F 2 1 Bbii : 1 bbii )    :     ,     . : -   -. - :  1 , cho F 1  2 : 4 nâu.  2  2  2 ? : a/  2  , F 2  1 xF 1  1   1 p gen  1 , Bb Suy ra KG F 1 : AaBb : F 1 x F 1  X  AaBb AaBb G F1 AB, Ab, aB, ab AB, Ab, aB, ab F 2 --3 A-bb 3 aaB- : l 1 aabb : lông nâu : 3 lông  : 1 lông nâu )  . Quy : A    -  2 9  X  AABB aabb G P AB ab F 1 ) F 1 x F 1  X  AaBb AaBb G F1 AB, Ab, aB, ab AB, Ab, aB, ab F 2 :   AB Ab aB ab AB AABB AABb AaBB AaBb Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb aB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBb Ab AABb AAbb AaBb Aabb KG: 1AABB : 1AAbb : 1aaBB : 1aabb : 4AaBb : 2AABb : 2aaBb : 2AaBB : 2Aabb --- - 1 aabb : lông nâu : 1 lông nâu )  2   2 : aabb       * NST gii tính: - i,  - Chim, m, gia c - B xít, rp, châu ch - B nh * Nhn dng quy lut di truyn: 10 - Da vào KQ lai thun, nghch: + khác nhau: GenNST . + T ch XH    thng gen  NST  Y +   con  t ông ngoi biu hin  con gái không biu hinháu trai biu hin  chéo  * Tính trng biu hiu  2 gii: - Cùng 1 th h: TT nào dod ch XH  c li gen NST-GT + Các t l ng hp gen liên kt vi NST gii ng trên Y. Kiu gen P TLKH F1 X A X A x X A Y 100% tri X a X a x X a Y 100% ln X A X A x X a Y 100% tri X a X a x X A Y 1 tri:1 ln (KH gic khác gii cái) X A X a x X A Y 3 tri : 1 ln (tt c  ln thuc 1 gii) X A X a x X a Y 1 cái tri: 1 cái lc trc ln  :  . :  B   .   %? :   : A- b- : (): { X A ; X a } [...]... XA - A Xa SĐ SĐ P ♀ ♂ X A A XA Y XA, Y X X XA GP F1 1 XA XA : 1 XA Y ) SĐ P ♀ ♂ A a X X XA , Xa 1 XAX A : 1 XA Y : 1 XA Xa : 1Xa Y (♀ Con trai (♂ GP F1 g A X Y XA, Y : L SĐ : 1 1 S 2 Y: t ông ngo i bi u hi n không bi u hi n con gái háu trai bi u hi n Y Y - ẳ Y 3: 4: : SĐ S Y : ru i gi m, tính tr ng màu m t do m t gen g c m t tr ng u i gi m cái m giao ph i t do v i nhau TLKH m 2 d h p F2 thuy t trong...  aB = - 2 2 4 KH 10 KG 4 KH : FB ) SĐ SĐ 2 : 1: : + : FB ) : 1:1 lai: Aa Bb ỷ y ra x x aa bb ỷ S = S = (S ( f ) ) x 100% ) x 100% / SĐ : 2: Đ 6 - 18,7 : 1 : 18 Ab aB f AB ab + S : 3: S - ) = S ) sinh ra) x 100% = S ) x 100% : 1 = S : 2= = S : - = 10,3 cM 1 = 7,4% nên k/c 2 7, 4 cM 2, 9 cM 2,9 cM A B 7,4 cM C 2,9 cM 10,3 cM – , b– S – = , cho F1 1 – ? 2 : S The S = 20% S SĐ P T /C BV BV - bv bv . F 2 --3 A-bb 3 aaB- : l 1 aabb : lông nâu : 3 lông  : 1 lông nâu )   --- - 1 aabb : lông nâu : 1 lông nâu )  2 . Y +   con  t ông ngoi biu hin  con gái không biu hinháu trai biu hin  chéo 