REVISION FOR MID TERM EXAM I. PRONUNCIATION: * / / is pronounced when it in the words having letters: j, ge, gi, gy, di Eg: j: jam, jar, jaw, joke, joy ge: germ, agent, edge, judge, danger, suggest, agenda gi: giant, origin gy: gymnast, apology di: soldier, * /t ∫ / is pronounced when it in the words having letters: ch, tu, tion Eg: ch: chin, cheese, change, watch - ture: picture, guesture, culture, future, natural, actual, mutual - tion: question, digestion * The letter “n” before “g” or “k” is pronounced /ŋ/ Eg: king / hungry / thank / think * The letter “r” is silent if there is NO VOWEL sound after it except “iron” Eg: artist, organ, urgent………. * The letter “h” is always silent when it follows “g, k, r” at the beginning of a word Eg: ghost, khmer, khaki, rhino * The letter “h” is always silent in the words: exhibition, hour, honour, honest * /w/: w (wear, worry, wood, etc.) * /j/: y and u Eg: year, yellow, yes, use, unit, university * /tw/ : twenty, twelve, twin, twinkle. * 4 &5: hành động nào dài hơn chia quá khứ tiếp diễn, hành động nào ngắn hơn chia quá khứ đơn. III. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES II. PAST SIMPLE- PAST PROGRESSIVE- PAST PERFECT: Eg: Last night, at 9 o’clock, when I came in my house, my son was playing with her mother. They had had dinner before I came home. 1. PAST SIMPLE: S + V-2/ -ED: Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc ở quá khứ, biết rõ thời gian. 2. PAST PROGRESSIVE: Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại một điểm thời gian ở quá khứ, một hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào, hai hành động cùng xảy ra song song ở quá khứ. 3. PAST PERFECT: Diễn tả một hành động quá khứ xảy ra trước một thời điểm ở quá khứ, một hành động quá khứ xảy ra trước một hành động quá khứ khác. * Some special structure: 1. S + V-2/-ED + AFTER + S + HAD + V-3/-ED. 2. S + HAD + V-3/-ED + BEFORE + S + V-2/-ED. 3. S + HAD + V-3/-ED + BY THE TIME + S + V-2/-ED 4. S + V-2/-ED + WHEN/ WHILE + S + WAS/ WERE + V-ING 5. S + WAS/ WERE + V-ING + WHEN/ WHILE + V-2/-ED TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE 1. real in present/ future S + V/V-ES/S BE WERE S + will + V 2. unreal in present S + V-ED/2 S + would + V 3. real in present/ future S + had + V-ED/3 S + would + have + V-ED/3 Eg: If I (meet) ……… him yesterday, I (give) ………….… him your gift IIV. Infinitive, gerund, passive infinitive and passive gerund A. INFINITIVES • Active • Form: Verb + to V (plan, decide, hope, refuse, agree, ask, intend… ) • Passive infinitive Form: verb + to be + V3/ed Eg: He wants his shirt (iron)………………before he comes back to the room this afternoon B. GERUND • Active Form: Verb + V-ing (avoid, consider, detest, escape, finish, hate, miss, prevent, practice ) • Passive gerund Form: verb + being + V3/ed Eg: Lan enjoys (read) …………….books C. INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO After modals: can, could, may, might, must , have to, ought to……. After causative verbs: make, let After verbs : would rather, had better, help After perceptive verbs: see, hear, feel, watch, observe, notice, smell when we see, hear, etc. Eg: She let the dog (walk)……………. into her room. V. PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE Form: having + V3/ed Usage: • Perfect gerund is used to referred to a past action Perfect participle is used when one action happens before another action: we use perfect gerund if we want to omit Before, After in tense concord Eg: After we had watched TV, we went to bed. VI. REPORTED SPEECH A. REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVE(S) Form: S + Verb + Object + (Not) To-V (ask, advise, warn….) S + Verb + (Not) To- V B. REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND Form: S + V + (o)+ (prep)+ V-ing Eg: “You took the money”, he said to me He accused me………………………… C. REPORTED SPEECH WITH STATEMENTS: Form: S + SAID / TOLD + O + (THAT) + S (đổi ngôi) + V(lùi thì) + O (đổi ngôi) Eg: She said to me: “ you worked very hard yesterday” She told me D. CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH Types If clause Main clause I. real in the present S + V2/ed S+ would/ could+V o II. unreal in the present S + V2/ed Be were S+ would/ could+V o III. unreal in past S+ had+V3/ed S + would/ Could + have + V3/ed Eg: “If I were here yesterday, I would have met him” He said (that)………………………………….