UNIT 7: WORLD POPULATION PhÇn I: READING Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn một câu trả lời thích hợp nhất, từ câu 1 đến câu 5 The population of the world has increased more in modern times than in all other ages of history combined. World population totalled about 500 million in 1650. It doubled in the period from 1650 - 1680. By the year 2000, the population will be about 6.6 billion. Estimates based on research by the United Nations indicate that it will double in the twenty-five years between 1975 and the year 2000. No one knows the limits of the population that the earth can support. Thomas Malthus, an English economist, developed a theory that became widely accepted in the nineteenth century. He suggested that because world population tended to increase more rapidly than food supply, we should continuously constrain available resources. Malthus cited wars, famines, epidemics and other disasters as in the usual limitations of world population growth. With recent advances in science and technology, including improved agricultural methods and great progresses and in medicine, some of the limiting factors in population growth have been lessened, with obvious results. International organizations have recommended programmes to encourage general economic development that target areas along with a decrease in birth rates to effect a lasting solution. Câu 1: Which of the options below is the best title for the passage? A. A Brief History of Population and Over-population B. Limiting Factors in Population Growth C. The United Nations' Estimate D. Thomas Malthus's Theory Câu 2: What is the population from the estimates based on research by the US? A. Two million B. Five hundred million C. Seven billion D. Over six billion Câu 3: Who was Thomas Malthus? A. A scientist B. An economist C. A doctor of medicine D. A United Nations' representative Câu 4: According to the passage, the limiting factors in population growth have been lessened because of __________. A. precaution B. disasters C. improved technology D. scarcity Câu 5: What do most experts recommend in order to solve problems of overpopulation? A. Medical advance and improved agricultural methods. B. Famine and epidemic. C. Economic development and a decline in the bith rate. D. Conservation of available resources. PhÇn II: VOCABULARY Dùng những từ đã cho điền vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành câu: birthcontrol modernization populous overpopulation deserted resources limit researches international figures available trend 1. It is vital that food is made _______ to the famine areas. 2. They are doing some fascinating ________ into the language of dolphins. 3. A big company like IBM has huge ______ of money and skills. 4. The _______ of wearing jeans and cowboy hats has been coming back. 5. There is a _______ of thirty minutes for the reading test. All papers must be sent in at the end of thirty minutes. 6. The ________ of the 100-year-old sewage and water systems will cost millions of pounds. 7. I like to go swimming early in the morning, when the swimming pool is largely _______. 8. Can you read the _______ again? Is it a / θri: əʊ eit / or an / eit əʊ θri: /? 9. The province declared independence several years ago, but it remains unrecognized by the ________ community. 10. One of the country's most pressing social problems is the __________. 11. China is the world's most ________ country. It has the world's largest population. 12. Safe ________ methods for family planning have been encouraged to apply to control the birth rate. PhÇn III: GRAMMAR Bài 1: Dùng từ / cụm từ gợi ý viết thành câu điều kiện hoàn chỉnh. Sử dụng "If" 1. The wind is blowing hard, so I won't take the boat out for a ride. -> If the wind weren't blowing hard, I would take the boat out for a ride. 2. I feel better now because you talked to me about my problems last night. -> I wouldn't feel better now if you hadn't talked me about my problems last night. 3. Ann carried heavy furniture when she helped her friend move. Her back hurts nows. 4. Paulo is working on two jobs right now, so he doesn't have time to help you with your remodeling. 5. I wasn't working at the restaurant last night. I didn't wait on your table. 6. Because Diane asked questions every time she didn't understand a problem, she has a good understanding of geometry now. 7. A fallen tree was blocking the road, so we didn't arrive on time. 8. Rita is exhausted today because she didn't get any sleep last night. 9. Olga and Ivan weren't paying attention, so they didn't see the sign marking their exit from the highway. 10. The doctor doesn't really care about his patients. He didn't explain the medical procedure to me before surgery. Bài 2: Chọn phương án thích hợp nhất. Câu 1: If Jake _______ to go on the trip, would you have gone? A. doesn't agree B. wouldn't agree C. didn't agree D. hadn't agreed Câu 2: The lecturer last night didn't know what he was talking about, but if Dr. Mason ________, I would have listened carefully. A. was lecturing B. lectured C. had been lecturing D. would lecture Câu 3: ________ more help, I could call my neighbour. A. I should need B. Should I need C. Needed D. I have needed Câu 4: If you ________ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn't be in this mess right now. A. had listened B. listen C. listened D. will listen Câu 5: We ______ the game if we'd had a few more minutes. A. won B. had won C. could have won D. will win Câu 6: If I could speak Spanish, I _______ next year studying in Mexico. A. would spend B. would have spent C. had spent D. will spend Câu 7: If energy _______ inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different. A. were B. is C. will be D. would be Câu 8: It would have been a much more serious accident _______ fast at the time. A. was she driving B. she had driven C. if she drove D. had she been driving Câu 9: Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _______ the same language? A. will speak B. spoke C. had spoken D. speak Câu 10: "Can I borrow your car for this evening?" - "Sure, but Nora's using it right now. If she _______ it back, you're welcome to borrow it." A. would bring B. will bring C. brought D. brings Câu 11: I didn't know you were asleep. Otherwise, I ______ so much noise when I came in. A. didn't make B. wouldn't have made C. won't make D. don't make Câu 12: I didn't get home until well after midnight. Otherwise, I ______ your call. A. would return B. would have returned C. had returned D. returned Câu 13: I ________ William with me if I had know you and he didn't get along with each other. A. hadn't brought B. won't bring C. wouldn't have brought D. didn't bring Câu 14: I _______ you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital. A. visited B. had visited C. would have visited D. visit Câu 15: If I _______ the same problem you had a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have. A. should have B. would have C. had had D. have Câu 16: Unless you ______ all of my questions, I can't do anything to help you. A. answered B. would answer C. are answering D. answer Câu 17: Had you told me that this was going to happen, I _______ it. A. hadn't believed B. would never have believed C. can't believe D. don't believe Câu 18: ________ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it. A. Were I B. I was C. If I am D. Should I Câu 19: If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this; _______ this incident again. A. I never mention B. don't mention C. will I never mention D. I will never mention Câu 20: _______ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years. A. Had I known B. If I would know C. Did I know D. If I know Bài 3: Lược bớt "If" trong câu sau: 1. If I were at your age, I'd do things differently. -> Were I at your age, I'd do things differently. 2. If Bob shows up while I'm away, please give him my message. 3. If my uncle had stood up to sing, I'd been embarrassed. 4. If she were ever in trouble, I'd do anything I could to help her. 5. If the manager questions these figures, have her talk to the bookkeeper. 6. I wouldn't have known about your new job if I hadn't talked to your mother. TEST ON CONDITIONALS AND WISHES Câu 1: "Are you lost?" - "I think so. I wish we ______ a map with us today." A. were bringing B. had brought C. brought D. would bring Câu 2: When I stopped talking, Sam finished my sentence for me as though he ______ my mind. A. can read B. reads C. would read D. had read Câu 3: Ed invented a lot of money with a dishonest advisor, and lost nearly all of it. Now he is having serious fanacial problems. He ______ in this position if he'd listened to some of his friends. A. won't be B. will be C. wouldn't be D. hadn't been Câu 4: Please keep your voice down in this section of the library. If you ______ to talk loudly, I will have to ask you to leave. A. continue B. could continue C. continued D. will continue Câu 5: "I'm really sorry about what happened during the meeting. I felt I had no choice." - " It's okay. I'm sure you wouldn't have done it if you ________." A. have to B. should have C. had to D. hadn't had to Câu 6: If my candidate had won the election, I ______ happy now. A. can be B. would be C. am D. was Câu 7: "Here's my phone number." - "Thanks, I'll give you a call if I _______ some help tomorrow." A. will need B. would need C. needed D. need Câu 8: The world _______ a better place if we had know a hundred years ago what we know today about the earth's environment. A. will be B. should be C. might be D. was Câu 9: I wish ______ you some money for your rent, but I'm broke myself. A. will lend B. can blend C. could lend D. would lend Câu 10: "Why didn't Bill get the promotion he was expecting?" - "He may not be qualified. If he had been qualified, he _______ that promotion last year." A. had been given B. would be given C. was given D. would have been given Câu 11: Was Pam seriously injured in the automobile accident?" - " She broke her arm. It _______ much worse if she hadn't been wearing her seat belt." A. would have been B. were C. was D. will be Câu 12: "How do you like your new apartment?" - "The apartment itself is great, but I wish I ______ used to the constant noise from the street below." A. am B. could get C. had gotten D. got Câu 13: I would never have encouraged you to go into this field ________ it would be so stressful for you. I'm sorry it's been so difficult for you. A. and I have known B. had I known C. should I know D. but I knew Câu 14: Page 12 of the manual that came with the appliance says, "_______ any problem with the merchandise, contact your local dealer." A. Should you have B. Do you have C. Had you D. You have Câu 15: "What _______ today if you hadn't come here this weekend?" - "I guess I'd be putting in extra hours at my office." A. are you doing B. can you do C. would you be doing D. will you be doing Câu 16: I _______ you to the woman I was speaking with, but I couldn't think of her name. A. will introduce B. would have introduced C. would introduce D. couldn't have introduced Câu 17: If someone ______ into the store, smile and say, "May I help you?" A. could come B. came C. comes D. would come Câu 18: Gloria never seems to get tired. I surely wish I ______ her energy. A. have had B. would have C. have D. had Câu 19: ________ you, I'd think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move. A. Were I B. If I am C. Should I be D. If I had been Câu 20: If I could find Rob's phone number, I _______ him about the change in plans. Maybe somebody else will call him. A. could call B. will call C. called D. had called Câu 21: Marge walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _______ something she would regret later. A. might have said B. might say C. will say D. said Câu 22: I wish Janet _______ to the meeting this afternoon. A. will come B. can come C. came D. could come Câu 23: If you _______, I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday evening to watch TV, but I didn't want to bother you. A. hadn't been studying B. had studied C. didn't study D. studied Câu 24: If I weren't working for an accounting firm, I ______ in a bank. A. have worked B. would be working C. work D. will work Câu 25: The medicine made me feel dizzy. I felt as though the room _______ around and around. A. will spin B. would be spinning C. were spinning D. spins indirect speech exercises. Read the notes to previous indirect speech exercises. Note that want or would like is often useful when the speaker reports a request made to himself or made through him to someone else: Tom (on the phone to Ann): Could you book me a room in a hotel for tonight? Ann (telling Mary about this): Tom wants me to book him a room for tonight. (Tom said that I am to book would also be possible but more authoritative.) Similarly: Mrs Jones (on the phone to Mary): Could you ask Mrs Smith to ring me back? Mary (telling Mrs Smith about it): Mrs Jones rang. She wants/would like you to ring her back. (She says that you are to ring would be possible but very authoritative.) 1. Letter (from Paul to Ann): Please get me a small tent and camping equipment for two people. Ann (telling Mary about this): Paul wants . . . 2. Mr White (on phone to Mr Black's secretary): Ask Mr Black to meet me at six in the bar on the ground floor. Secretary (reporting this to Mr Black): Mr White would like . . . 3. "Shall I go and get a candle?" said Ann when the light went out suddenly. "I'd rather you got another bulb," said Mr Jones. "But there aren't any," said Ann, "and the shops are shut." 4. "Don't worry about a few mistakes," said Peter, "I make mistakes all the time." "Do you learn from your mistakes?" I asked, "Or do you keep making the same ones?" 5. "I'm looking for a man called Albert, who drinks in this bar," I said, "I should keep away from Albert if I were you," said the barman. "He doesn't like strangers and might turn nasty." 6. "Could I have a look at your paper for a moment?" said the man. "I just want to see the football results." "I haven't quite finished with it," I said, "Could you wait a moment?" "I can't wait long," he said, "I'm getting off at the next stop." 7. "You woke everyone up last night," said my mother. "You must try to be quieter tonight." "We will," I promised. 8. "The soup's cold again," complained Mr Jones. "Why do I never have hot soup?" "Because the kitchen's so far from the dining room," explained his wife. If you insist on living in a castle you must put up with its disadvantages.' "What about getting an ex-Olympic runner as an au pair girl?" said Mr Jones. "She wouldn't stay," sighed his wife. 9. "Your licence is out of date," said the policeman. "It is," I admitted, "but I've applied for a new one." "Next time, he said severely, "apply for a new one before your current one has expired." 10. "I ll have the money for you next week. Shall I post it to you?" I said. "Could you keep it in your safe till I can come and collect it?" said Tom, "A lot of my mail has been going astray lately and I'd hate to lose one of your large cheques." 11. "Could I borrow your map again?" said Peter. "You're always borrowing it. Why don't you get one of your own?" I said. 12. "When you hear the fire bell," he said, "shut the windows and go downstairs." "And what shall we do if the stairs are blazing?" I asked. 13. "Can you hear that noise?" Ann said, "What do you think it is?" "I think it's only rats running up and down inside the wall," I said. "I think it's someone trying to get in," she said. "You'd better go and see." 14. "It's your turn to baby-sit tonight," they told Ann. "It can't be!" said Ann indignantly, I baby-sat last night! And the night before! And I'm only supposed to do two nights a week!' "Could you possibly do it just this once?" they said, "And we promise not to ask you to do any next week." 15. "This is the best restaurant in town," said the taxi driver, "The only problem is that they expect guests to wear ties." "Then why have you brought us here?" said the tourists indignantly. "Don't get excited," said the taxi-driver, opening a box. I keep ties specially for gentlemen in your predicament. What colour would you like? They're all the same price." 16. "Shall I start tomorrow?" I said. "I'd rather you started today," said Tom. 17. "Why don't you go and see the film? It may help you to understand the book," I said. 'But the film's quite different from the book,' Ann pointed out. 18. "I saw the two climbers," said the helicopter pilot. "And one of them sat up and waved to me." "Which one of them waved?" I said. . ago, but it remains unrecognized by the ________ community. 10. One of the country's most pressing social problems is the __________. 11. China is the world's most ________ country By the year 2000, the population will be about 6.6 billion. Estimates based on research by the United Nations indicate that it will double in the twenty-five years between 1975 and the year. Brief History of Population and Over-population B. Limiting Factors in Population Growth C. The United Nations' Estimate D. Thomas Malthus's Theory Câu 2: What is the population from