ipv6 addressing representation

1 IPv6 Address Representation IPv6 Addressing 2 Objectives  IPv6 Addressing scheme  IPv6 Address Plan  IPv6 Address Types  IPv6 Address with an Embedded IPv4 Address  IPv6 Address Representation for URL  IPv6 and Subnetting IPv6 Addressing 3 IPv6 Addressing Rules  128 bits (or 16 bytes) long: four times as long as its predecessor.  2 128 : about 340 billion billion billion billion different addresses  Colon hexadecimal notation:  addresses are written using 32 hexadecimal digits.  digits are arranged into 8 groups of four to improve the readability.  Groups are separated by colons 2001:0718:1c01:0016:020d:56ff:fe77:52a3  Note:  DNS plays an important role in the IPv6 world  (manual typing of IPv6 addresses is not an easy thing,  Some zero suppression rules are allowed to lighten this task at least a little. IPv6 Addressing 4 IPv6 Address Notation: Example 128.91.45.157.220.40.0.0.0.0.252.87.212.200.31.255 IPv6 Addressing 5 Rule 1- IPv6 Zero Suppression  Some types of addresses contain long sequences of zeros.  To further simplify the representation of IPv6 addresses, a contiguous sequence of 16-bit blocks set to 0 in the colon hexadecimal format can be compressed to “::”, known as double-colon.  For example:  link-local address  FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2  FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2.  multicast address  FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:2  FF02::2  loopback address  0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1  ::1 IPv6 Addressing 6 Rule 1- IPv6 Zero Suppression  Zero compression can only be used to compress a single contiguous series of 16-bit blocks expressed in colon hexadecimal notation.  You cannot use zero compression to include part of a 16- bit block.  For example,  cannot express FF02:30:0:0:0:0:0:5 as FF02:3::5  correct representation = FF02:30::5  Leading zeroes in every group can be omitted. 2001:718:1c01:16:20d:56ff:fe77:52a3 IPv6 Addressing 7 Rule 1- IPv6 Zero Suppression  To determine the number of 0 bits represented by the “::” 1. count the number of blocks in the compressed address 2. (-) subtract this number from 8 3. (*) multiply the result by 16.  For example 1. FF02::2 2. two blocks - “FF02” block and “2” block. 3. The number of bits expressed by the “::” is 96 (96 = (8 – 2)×16).  Zero compression can only be used once in a given address.  Otherwise, you could not determine the number of 0 bits represented by each instance of “::”. IPv6 Addressing 8 IPv6 Prefixes  The prefix is the part of the address that indicates the bits that have fixed values or are the bits of the subnet prefix.  Prefixes for IPv6 subnets, routes, and address ranges are expressed in the same way as Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation for IPv4.  An IPv6 prefix is written in address/prefix-length notation.  For example, 21DA:D3::/48 and 21DA:D3:0:2F3B::/64 are IPv6 address prefixes.  Note IPv4 implementations commonly use a dotted decimal representation of the network prefix known as the subnet mask. A subnet mask is not used for IPv6. Only the prefix length notation is supported. IPv6 Addressing 9 IPv6 Prefixes 10 IPv6 Address Types [...].. .IPv6 Addresses: Types and Scopes IPv6 Addressing 11 IPv6 Address Categories IPv6 Addressing 12 IPv6 Address Types IPv6 Addressing 13 Unicast IPv6 Addresses  The following types of addresses are unicast IPv6 addresses:  Global unicast addresses  Link-local addresses  Site-local addresses  Unique local IPv6 unicast addresses  Special addresses IPv6 Addressing 14 Global Unicast... an IPv6 router IPv6 Addressing 29 Multicast Addresses 30 Multicast Address: Overview         In IPv6, multicast traffic operates in the same way that it does in IPv4 Arbitrarily located IPv6 nodes can listen for multicast traffic on an arbitrary IPv6 multicast address IPv6 nodes can listen to multiple multicast addresses at the same time Nodes can join or leave a multicast group at any time IPv6. .. This part of the IPv6 address, which represents the address’s low-order 64-bit, is called the interface ID IPv6 Addressing 16 Global Unicast Address: Example 2001:0410:0110::/48 is assigned by a provider 2001:0410:0110:0002::/64 network subnet within the organization 2001:0410:0110:0002:0200:CBCF:1234:4402 – node address within the subnet IPv6 Addressing 17 Global Unicast Address IPv6 Addressing 18 Global... Allocation IPv6 Addressing 19 Global Unicast Address Allocation Prefix (hex) Prefix (Binary) Description 2000::/16 0010 0000 0000 0000 Reserved 2001::/16 0010 0000 0000 0001 IPv6 Internet -ARIN,APNIC,RIPE NCC,LACNIC 2002::/16 0010 0000 0000 0 6 to 4 transition mechanisms 2003::/16 0010 0000 0000 0011 IPv6 Internet - RIPE NCCC 2400:0000::/19 2400:2000::/19 2400:4000::/21 0010 0100 0000 0000 IPv6 Internet... 2604:0000::/22 2608:0000::/22 260C:0000::/22 0010 0110 0000 0000 0010 0110 0000 0100 0010 0110 0000 1000 0010 0110 0000 1100 IPv6 Internet -ARIN 2A00:0000::/21 2A01:0000::/23 0010 1010 0000 0000 0010 1010 0000 0001 IPv6 Internet -RIPE NCC 3FFF::/16 0011 1111 1111 1110 6 Bone IPv6 Addressing 20 IPv6 Unicast Address Scopes Three types of scopes:  1 2 3 Link-local scope  Identifies all hosts within a single layer... global unicast addresses (GUAs) IPv6 Addressing 21 Local-Use Unicast Addresses There are two types of local-use unicast addresses:  1 Link-local addresses  2 used between on-link neighbors and for Neighbor Discovery Processes Site-local addresses  used between nodes communicating with other nodes in the same site IPv6 Addressing 22 Link-local Unicast Address     IPv6 link-local addresses are equivalent... reachable on the IPv6 portion of the Internet Unlike the current IPv4-based Internet, which is a mixture of both flat and hierarchical routing, the IPv6- based Internet has been designed from its foundation to support efficient, hierarchical addressing and routing The scope, the portion of the IPv6 internetwork over which the address is unique, of a global unicast address is the entire IPv6 Internet Global... geographical location (such as an office, an office complex, or a campus) IPv6 Addressing 26 Site-Local Address  Unlike link-local addresses, site-local addresses are not automatically configured and must be assigned either through stateless or stateful address configuration processes  May be assigned to any nodes and routers within a site IPv6 Addressing 27 Site-Local Address - Example  For example, a site... Subnet 5—FEC0:0:0:0005::/64 Subnet 6—FEC0:0:0:0006::/64 Subnet 7—FEC0:0:0:0007::/64 Subnet 8—FEC0:0:0:0008::/64 Subnet 9—FEC0:0:0:0009::/64 Subnet 10—FEC0:0:0:000A::/64 IPv6 Addressing 28 Special IPv6 Addresses    The following are special IPv6 addresses: Unspecified address  unspecified address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::) is only used to indicate the absence of an address  equivalent to the IPv4 unspecified... routed between subnets within a site IPv6 Addressing 24 Link-local unicast address     Because the low-order 64-bit of the link-local address is the interface identifier itself, the length of the link-local prefix is based on a 64-bit length (/64) In IPv6, a node having an aggregatable global unicast address on a local link uses the link-local address of its default IPv6 router rather than the router’s . Address Types IPv6 Addressing 11 IPv6 Addresses: Types and Scopes IPv6 Addressing 12 IPv6 Address Categories IPv6 Addressing 13 IPv6 Address Types IPv6 Addressing 14 Unicast IPv6 Addresses  The. 1 IPv6 Address Representation IPv6 Addressing 2 Objectives  IPv6 Addressing scheme  IPv6 Address Plan  IPv6 Address Types  IPv6 Address with an Embedded IPv4 Address  IPv6 Address Representation. decimal representation of the network prefix known as the subnet mask. A subnet mask is not used for IPv6. Only the prefix length notation is supported. IPv6 Addressing 9 IPv6 Prefixes 10 IPv6