wcdma mobile communications system

W-CDMA MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM W-CDMA: Mobile Communications System. Edited by Keiji Tachikawa Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-84761-1 W-CDMA: Mobile Communications System. Edited by Keiji Tachikawa Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-84761-1 W-CDMA: Mobile Communications System. Edited by Keiji Tachikawa Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-84761-1 W-CDMA Mobile Communications System Supervising Editor: Keiji Tachikawa NTT DoCoMo became the first in the world to launch a next-generation mobile phone service that enables large-capacity communications. The W-CDMA mobile communica- tions technology, known as one of the third-generation standard, was adopted to realize this high-speed, high-quality service. This volume, the fruit of collective efforts made by engineers engaged in R&D at NTT DoCoMo, is a standard technical documentation describing the basic technologies that constitute the W-CDMA mobile communications system in detail and individual systems that are expected to play an important role in future implementations. W-CDMA MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Edited by Keiji Tachikawa NTT DoCoMo, Inc., Japan Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. 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Contents Editorial Board xi Supervisor’s Note xiii Preface xv 1 Overview 1 Keisuke Suwa, Yoshiyuki Yasuda and Hitoshi Yoshino 1.1 Generation Change in Cellular Systems 1 1.1.1 Analog Cellular Systems 1 1.1.2 Digital Cellular Systems 3 1.1.3 Mobile Internet Services 7 1.2 Overview of IMT-2000 10 1.2.1 Objectives of IMT-2000 10 1.2.2 IMT-2000 Standardization 11 1.2.3 IMT-2000 Frequency Band 18 References 19 2 Radio Transmission Systems 21 Mamoru Sawahashi 2.1 Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) 21 2.1.1 Principles of DS-CDMA 21 2.1.2 Spreading Code and Spreading Code Synchronization 24 2.1.3 Configuration o f Radio Transmitter and Receiver 26 2.1.4 Application of DS-CDMA to Cellular Systems 27 2.2 Basic W-CDMA Transmission Technologies 28 2.2.1 Two-Layer Spreading Code Assignment and Spreading Modulation 28 2.2.2 Cell Search 31 2.2.3 Random Access 41 2.2.4 Technologies that Satisfy Various Quality Requirements in Multirate Transmissions 42 2.2.5 Diversity 49 2.3 Link Capacity Expansion Technologies in W-CDMA 66 2.3.1 Interference Canceller 66 2.3.2 Adaptive Antenna Array Diversity 71 References 77 vi Contents 3 Radio System 81 Seizo Onoe, Takehiro Nakamura, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Koji Ohno, Yoshiyuki Yasuda, Nobuhiro Ohta, Yoshio Ebine, Atsushi Murase and Akihiro Hata 3.1 Radio System Requirements and Design Objectives 81 3.2 W-CDMA and System Architecture 82 3.2.1 Characteristics of W-CDMA 82 3.2.2 Basic Specifications of W-CDMA 84 3.2.3 Architecture of Radio Access Network 85 3.2.4 Key W-CDMA Technologies 87 3.2.5 Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) 92 3.3 Radio Access Interface Standard 92 3.3.1 Physical Layer 92 3.3.2 Media Access Control (MAC) Sublayer 126 3.3.3 Radio Link Control (RLC) Sublayer 131 3.3.4 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Sublayer 142 3.3.5 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 145 3.3.6 Control Sequence 159 3.4 Radio System Design 169 3.4.1 W-CDMA Radio System Design 169 3.4.2 Concept of W-CDMA Capacity 170 3.4.3 Radio Link Design 175 3.4.4 Cell/Sector Configuration 180 3.5 Radio Access Network Equipment 182 3.5.1 Overview of System Configuration of Radio Access Equipment 182 3.5.2 BTS 183 3.5.3 RNC 187 3.5.4 MPE 188 3.5.5 BS Antenna 189 3.6 Mobile Terminals 194 3.6.1 Implementation of Mobile Terminals 194 3.6.2 Radio Access Specifications and Hardware Configuration Technologies 195 3.6.3 UIM 202 3.6.4 Terminal Display Technologies 204 3.6.5 External Interface 206 3.6.6 Future Prospects of Mobile Terminals 210 References 211 4 Network Technologies 215 Makoto Furukawa, Hiroshi Kawakami, Mutsumaru Miki, Daisuke Igarashi, Yukichi Saito, Toyota Nishi, Mayuko Shimokawa, Katsumi Kobayashi, Yasuhiko Kokubun and Masayuki Nakanishi 4.1 Overview 215 4.2 ATM Technology 217 4.2.1 Switching Scheme for Multimedia Communications 217 4.2.2 Basic Configuration of ATM 218 4.2.3 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 219 4.2.4 Quality of Service (QoS) and ATM Traffic Management 221 Contents vii 4.3 Network Control and Signaling Scheme 224 4.3.1 CN Signaling Systems in IMT-2000 224 4.3.2 Control Scheme 227 4.4 Packet Communication Scheme 245 4.4.1 Overview of Mobile Packet Communications 245 4.4.2 Service Target 246 4.4.3 Network Architecture 246 4.4.4 Mobile Packet Communications Technologies 247 4.4.5 Connection Scheme 250 4.5 Intelligent Network (IN) Scheme 254 4.5.1 Overview of IN Scheme 254 4.5.2 Comparison with Conventional Systems 255 4.5.3 Merits of the IN Scheme 258 4.5.4 Standardization Trends 258 4.5.5 Future Prospects 259 4.6 Short Message Scheme 259 4.6.1 Overview of Scheme 259 4.6.2 Network Configuration 261 4.6.3 Routing Scheme 261 4.6.4 Main Extended Functions of SMS 261 4.6.5 Example of SMS Applications 264 4.7 Gateway Scheme 265 4.7.1 Protocol Conversion Gateway 266 4.7.2 TCP Gateway 267 4.7.3 Tunneling Gateway 269 4.7.4 Multimedia Service Platform 270 References 274 5 Operation System 277 Masafumi Onuki, Nobutaka Nakamura, Haruo Mizumoto, Takeshi Yamashita, Kazuhiko Hara and Kazuaki Terunuma 5.1 Overview 277 5.1.1 Positioning of OpS 277 5.1.2 System Configuration 280 5.2 Network Monitoring 283 5.2.1 Configuration of Network Monitoring Functions 283 5.2.2 Characteristics of Network Monitoring 284 5.2.3 Building a Network Monitoring System 287 5.3 Network Control 289 5.3.1 Positioning of Network Control System 291 5.3.2 Coordination between Systems in Different Types of Networks 292 5.3.3 Network Control Functions 294 5.3.4 Congestion Control During Packet Communications 295 5.3.5 Achieving High-Speed Restriction Process 295 5.4 NE Monitoring 296 5.4.1 NEs in a Multivendor Environment 296 5.4.2 NE Monitoring Functions 297 5.4.3 Development of Element Operations 299 viii Contents 5.5 Network Element Management 301 5.5.1 Network Element Management 301 5.5.2 Network Quality Management 302 5.5.3 Remote File Updating 304 References 305 6 Multimedia Processing Scheme 307 Minoru Eto, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Tomoyuki Oya, Toshiro Kawahara, Hiroshi Uehara, Teruhiro Kubota, Masayuki Tsuda, Seishi Tsukada, Wataru Takita, Kimihiko Sekino and Nobuyuki Miura 6.1 Overview 307 6.2 Multimedia Signal Processing Scheme 308 6.2.1 Image Processing 308 6.2.2 Speech and Audio Processing 313 6.2.3 Multimedia Signal Processing Methods 320 6.3 Mobile Information Service Provision Methods 325 6.3.1 Mobile ISP Services 325 6.3.2 Multimedia Information Distribution Methods 329 6.3.3 Contents Markup Languages 333 6.3.4 Mobile Internet Standardization (WAP) 338 6.4 Multimedia Messaging Methods 342 6.4.1 Overview 342 6.4.2 Trends of Standardization 343 6.4.3 Conceptual Model 343 6.4.4 Implementation Model 344 6.4.5 Push Technology 345 6.5 Location Information Processing Methods 345 6.5.1 Location Information Use Overview 346 6.5.2 Structure of the Location Information Processing System 347 6.5.3 Transmission System Outside the Mobile Communications Network 348 6.5.4 Location Information Distribution Methods 349 6.5.5 Location Information Distribution Platform 350 6.6 Mobile Electronic Authentication Methods 356 6.6.1 Electronic Authentication 356 6.6.2 WAP Authentication Model 357 6.6.3 Electronic Certificate for Mobile Communications 359 6.6.4 Transport Layer Security (TLS) 359 6.6.5 Short-Lived Certificate 360 6.6.6 Future Challenges 361 References 361 7 Future Prospects 365 Yoshiyuki Yasuda, Takchiro Nakamura, Shinji Uebayashi, Hiroshi Fujiya and Tomoyuki Oya 7.1 Overview 365 7.2 Prospects of Radio Technologies 366 7.2.1 TDD Scheme 366 7.2.2 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA) 368 Contents ix 7.3 Prospects of Network Technologies 370 7.3.1 IP Packet Communications in Mobile Communication Networks 370 7.3.2 Technology Trends in IP Networks 371 7.3.3 All IP Network Configuration and Deployment 373 7.4 Prospects of Signal Processing Technologies 374 7.4.1 Tandem Connection Avoidance Technologies 374 7.4.2 Adaptive MultiRate-Wi deBand (AMR-WB) 376 7.4.3 Packet-Transmitted Multimedia 377 References 378 Appendix–Interface Specifications 381 Index 409 Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Norioki Morinaga Editors Kota Kinoshita, Hideaki Yumiba, Takanori Utano, Masafumi Onuki, Shoichiro Ishigaki, Kazuaki Murota, Masaharu Hata, Keisuke Suwa [...]... MUX : Multiplexer MCX : Mobile Communications Exchange SPE : Speech-Processing Equipment BCE : Base Station Control Equipment MUX : Multiplexer Configuration of the digital mobile communications system Figure 1.3 shows the configuration of NTT’s digital mobile communications system, which consists of the Mobile Communications Control Center (MCC), BS and MS MCC consists of a mobile communication switch... information search system System for elderly Remote medical care system Mobile multimedia network Data center database Private domain Emergency communications system e-commerce Music on demand Remote medical Mobile TV care system Video on demand e-papers, e-books Information TV shopping Interactive TV service database Interactive games At-home learning system $ Figure 1.6 Remote surveillance system Mobile multimedia... “machine-to-machine” communications (aka machine communications using mobile terminals, which is a form of communications in a broader sense that targets all objects in motion) While progress in this area hitherto has largely been due to technologies that helped digitize mobile networks, Internet protocols will have to be incorporated into mobile communications in the future so as to further integrate mobile communications. .. number of mobile phone subscribers outnumbered those of fixed telephones Meanwhile, the expansion of data communications on a global scale – spearheaded by the Internet – is promoting the introduction of Packet-Switched (PS) communication systems that are suitable for data communications in a mobile environment The standardization and system development of the next-generation mobile communications system, ... include the adoption of mobile systems as part of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), the use of i-mode for safe driving, car-navigation systems based on communications networks and pedestrian-navigation systems (3) Private Domain The private domain has been the driving force behind mobile communications in recent years With the introduction of IMT-2000, advanced forms of mobile Internet services... system was developed, adapted to the properties of data communications In Japan, NTT DoCoMo 8 W-CDMA Mobile Communications System launched the PDC-based Personal Digital Cellular-Packet (PDC-P) system in 1997 NTT DoCoMo built a mobile network dedicated to PS communications – independent of the PDC network – with the aim to minimize the impact to the PDC system (voice service), which had been widely used... Industries Association (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) IS-54 services, launched in 1993, were required to satisfy dual-mode (both analog and digital cellular) operations and adopted Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Studies on 4 W-CDMA Mobile Communications System Table 1.2 Specifications of the TACS system System Base station frequency band Mobile station frequency band Channel... queries 6 W-CDMA Mobile Communications System HLR GLR Common channel signaling network G-MSC G-MSC V-MSC V-MSC BS Other mobile communication networks International communication networks Fixed communication networks BS V-MSC : Visited Mobile Switching Center G-MSC : Gateway Mobile Switching Center HLR : Home Location Register GLR : Gateway Location Register BS : Base Station MS : Mobile Station MS... Third-Generation (3G) International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), began in response to the rising need in recent years to achieve high-speed data communications capable of supporting mobile multimedia services and developing a common platform that would enable mobile phone subscribers to use their mobile terminals in any country across the world From 2001 onwards, IMT-2000 systems using Wideband Code... analog systems NTT also developed and implemented a digital synthesizer that enables high-speed frequency switching 1.1.3 Mobile Internet Services The rapid diffusion of the Internet over fixed communication networks was accompanied by an increase in demand for data communications for both business and personal purposes in mobile environments as well To meet this demand, a mobile PS communications system . W-CDMA MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM W-CDMA: Mobile Communications System. Edited by Keiji Tachikawa Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-84761-1 W-CDMA: Mobile Communications System. Edited. constitute the W-CDMA mobile communications system in detail and individual systems that are expected to play an important role in future implementations. W-CDMA MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Edited by Keiji. 0-470-84761-1 W-CDMA: Mobile Communications System. Edited by Keiji Tachikawa Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-84761-1 W-CDMA Mobile Communications System Supervising Editor: