Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp passive voice Passive voice : 1. General Rule Active: S + V + O (place) (time) Passive: S + BE + V3/ed + (place) + (by O) + (time) Tenses Active Passive HT S + V1/Vs,es + O S + am/is/are + V3/ed + by + O HTTD S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being +V3/ed + by + O HTHT S + has/have + V3/ed + O S + has/have + been + V3/ed + by + O QK S + V2/ed + O S + was/were +V3/ed + by + O QKTD S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being +V3/ed + by + O QKHT S + had + V3/ed + O S + had + been + V3/ed + by + O TL S + will/shall + Vo + O S + will/shall + be +V3/ed + by + O Modals will/would/can/ could/ may / might /must + Vo + O S+ will / would/ can / could . + be + V 3 Ex: - Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend. Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend. - Active: They have built a new bridge across the river. Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them). - Active: Mai was watching a cartoon at 8 oclock last night. Passive: A cartoon was being watched by Mai at 8 oclock last night. 2.1 Dạng câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: 2.1.1)Đối với những câu hỏi có từ để hỏi, chúng ta có thể chia làm hai loại: Loại 1 : Từ để hỏi có chức năng là tân ngữ trong câu chủ động. Với dạng câu hỏi này việc chuyển sang câu bị động rất đơn giản vì từ để hỏi đó sẽ có chức năng là chủ ngữ trong câu bị động. Eg: Active: How many languages do they speak in Canada? Passive: How many languages are spoken in Canada? Loại 2: Từ để hỏi có chức năng là chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động khi chuyển sang câu bị động, nó sẽ có vai trò là tân ngữ trong câu. Khi đó, ta sẽ có hai cách chuyển. Hoặc chuyển By lên đầu câu( từ để hỏi sẽ ở dạng tân ngữ) hoặc để By ở cuối câu. Eg: Who wrote this novel ? Who was this novel written by? By whom was this novel written? 2.2 Dạng chuyển câu với các động từ chỉ giác quan. 2.2.1 Cấu trúc: Active: S + V + O + bare infinitive/V-ing+ Passive: S + be + V( past pasticiple) + to-infinitive/ V- Ex: They saw her come in. She was seen to came in. 2.3. Câu mệnh lệnh. 2.3.1 Khi chuyển câu mệnh lệnh sang câu bị động ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: Active: V + O + Adjunct Passive: Let + O + be past participle + Adjunct. Provided by: Nguyen Dinh Hung Ngoc Tao High School 1 Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp passive voice Eg: Take off your hat! Let your hat be taken off! Ngoài cách trên, còn một cách khác để chuyển câu mệnh lệnh sang câu bị động nhng ít dùng hơn. Đó là: S + am/ is/ are + to be + past participle Hoặc S should be + past participle Eg: Active: Look after the children please! Passive: The children should be looked after! Hoặc : The children are to be looked after! 2.4: Dạng chuyển câu với các động từ tờng thuật: 2.4.1Các động từ tờng thuật thờng đợc dùng để tờng thuật lại các câu nói, ý nghĩ, câu hỏi , yêu cầu, lời xin lỗi Một số động từ t ờng thuật thờng gặp là : say, think, know, believe, ask, tell, promise . Có hai cấu trúc liên quan đến động từ tờng thuật: a. Mẫu câu : Active: S + V + Oi + that clause Passive : S (Oi) + be past participle + that clause Eg: He told me that you had a new bike. I was told that you had a new bike. b. Mẫu câu Mẫu câu này có hai cách chuyển sang dạng bị động: - Cách 1 : dùng chủ ngữ giả it Eg: People think that I am the best student in my class. It is thought that I am the best student in my class. - Cách 2 : dùng chủ ngữ của mệnh đề that và sử dụng dạng nguyên mẫu của động từ. ở ví dụ trên , có cách chuyển thứ hai là: Eg: I am thought to be the best student in my class. ở cách chuyển thứ hai , có thể dùng 3 dạng nguyên mẫu của động từ: 1) To- inf: khi hành động xảy ra ở mệnh đề that diễn ra cùng thì hoặc diễn ra sau hành động ở mệnh đề tờng thuật. 2) nguyên mẫu tiếp diễn: to be ving, khi hành động ở mệnh đề that ở thì tiếp diễn , còn hành động ở mệnh đề tờng thuật ở thì đơn giản, cùng bậc. 3)nguyên mẫu hoàn thành: to have done, khi hành động ở mệnh đề that xảy ra trớc hành động ở mệnh đề tờng thuật. Eg1: People say that he is a rich man. He is said to be a rich man. Eg2: They think that she is living there. She is thought to be living there. Eg3: They said that Tom had left home before the weekend. Tom was said to have left home before the weekend. Lu ý: make + O + V => S + be + made + to + V 0 need + to +V 0 + sth => sth + need + ving Provided by: Nguyen Dinh Hung Ngoc Tao High School 2 S + V + that + clause. Tµi liÖu «n thi tèt nghiÖp passive voice Exercises: I. Change the sentences in to the passive voice. 1. She had finished her report by noon. 2. The mad dog bit the little boy. 3. The police have arrested five suspects. 4. The doctor ordered him to take a long rest. 5. Lightning struck the house. 6. A group of students have met their friend at the railway station. 7. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home. 8. The teacher won’t correct exercise tomorrow. 9. How do you spend this amount of money? 10. What books are people reading this year? 11. How did the police find the lost man? 12. Who looked after the children for you? 13. How long have they waited for the doctor? 14. What time can the boys hand in their papers? 15. Why didn’t they help him? 16. I have heard her sing this song several times. 17. People saw him steal your car. 18. The teacher is watching them work. 19. He won’t let you do that silly thing again. 20. People don’t make the children work hard. 21. They made him work all day. 22. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag. 23. Open your book! 24. Take off your hat! 25. Don’t do that silly thing again! 26. Let’s tell them about it! 27. Don’t let the other see you! 28. People say that the boy is wearing a white T- shirt and blue jeans. 29. People thought Mike had paid too much. 30. Everyone knows the portrait was painted by Picasso. 31. It is predicted that the company will lose money this year. 32. It is said that she has lived there for ten years. 33. The police think the criminal is in hiding in the London area. 34. It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by fire. 35. The police haven’t found the murderers yet. 36. They sold one of her own paintings at $1,000. 37. I will put your gloves back in your drawer. 38. People speak English in almost every corner of the world. 39. You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m. 40. Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name. II. Turn in to the passive 1. He isn’t going to buy that house. 2. When I was 18 years old, my parents allowed me to go out in the evening. 3. This terrorist has kept 3 hostages for a week. 4. He hasn’t seen you for years. 5. The examiner will read the passage 3 times. 6. An earthquake destroyed the town. 7. He didn’t type the letter last night. Provided by: Nguyen Dinh Hung – Ngoc Tao High School 3 Tµi liÖu «n thi tèt nghiÖp passive voice 8. They will pick me up at my house. 9. When did you see him in that bank? 10. My father will take me to Ho Chi Minh City next week. 11. A man returned the keys to me. 12. Mary will see her friends off at the station. 13. You were wearing your new hat when I met you yesterday. 14. He is preparing everything for the presidential election. 15. Last Friday, when I came to Jane’s house, she had finished all exercises. 16. They have to pull down that building. 17. He gave me a knife to cut this bread. 18. People used to steal a lot of goods from supermarkets. 19. Countries are finding a way to solve the problem. 20. He put the letter in the drawer, and then he locked it up. 21. She can sew 3 shirts a day. 22. By the end of this year, we will have learnt 2,000 English words. 23. Don’t ask for another book until you finish this one. 24. We consider that she is the best singer. 25. Nobody has used this room for ages. 26. Her father was planting different kinds of flowers in the garden. 27. I am translating an article from English into Vietnamese. 28. The Prime Minister is making a speech at the moment. 29. People said he had swallowed a safety pin. 30. How many days did she spend finishing the work? III. Put the verds in the brackets with To-infinitve or V-ing in Active or Passive voices. 1. As we don’t agree about politics we generally avoid( dicuss) the subject. 2. He doesn’t get on with the new boss, so he’s asked( transfer) another branch of the company. 3. Please stop (interrupt) me when I’m explaining something to you. You can ask questions at the end. 4. I must say, I don’t really fancy(spend) my whole holiday with your cousins. 5. He admits(enter) the house but he says he didn’t take anything. 6. I’ve apologized to her but he still refuses (speak) to me. 7. I don’t mind (work) late, if it will help at all. 8. I simply can’t afford ( support) you any longer-you’ll just have to find a job. 9. We had hoped to find the project by the end of the month but we keep ( delay) by changes in plans. 10.You’d better go and see the teacher and say what you have done. If you put off ( explain) to her, she will only be more annoyed. IV Choose the best answer: 1. My wedding ring ………… of yellow and white gold. A. is made B. is making C. made D. maked 2. If your brother ………………., he would come. A. invited B. were invited C. were inviting D. invite 3. References …………. in the examination room. A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used 4. Mary ………… in Boston. A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born 5. My mother is going …………… this house. A. sold B. to be sold C. to sold D. to sell Provided by: Nguyen Dinh Hung – Ngoc Tao High School 4 Tµi liÖu «n thi tèt nghiÖp passive voice 6.There’s somebody hehind us . I think we are ………………. A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following 7. Have you …………… by a dog? A. bite B. ever been bit C. ever been bitten D. bit 8.The room is being ………… at the moment. A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean 9. The road to our village …………. widened next year. A. is B. will C. can D. will be 10. The old lady was ……….exhausted after the long walk. A. very B. absolutely C. pretty D. fairly. 11. The old man is said…………….all his money to an old people’s home when he died. A. to leave B. to leaving C. have left D. to have left. 12. Nobody was injured in the accident , …………? A. was there B. was he C. were they D. weren’t they. 13. Renoir’s paintings ……… masterpieces all over the world. A. had considered B. are considered C. are considering D. consider. 14. He was advised…………singing lessons. A. take B. taken C. taking D. to take. 15. You’d better get someone…………your living room. A. redecorate B. redecorated C. to redecorate D. redecorating. 16. They cancelled all flights because of fog. A. All flights because of fog were cancelled. B.All flights were cancelled because of fog. C. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog. D. All flights were because of fog cancelled. 17.They are building a new highway around the city. A. A new highway is being built around the city. B. A new highway is being built around the city by them. C. A new highway around the city is being built. D. Around the city a new highway is being built. 18.They have built a new hospital near the airport. A. A new hospital has been built near the airport by them. B. A new hospital near the airport has been built. C. A new hospital has been built near the airport . D. Near the airport a new hospital has been built by them. 19. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. A. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview. B. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them. C. A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview. D. A lot of questions will be asked at the interview. 20. People don’t use this road very often. A. This road is not used very often. B. Not very often this road is not useD. C. This road very often is not useD. D. This road not very often is useD. 21. Somebody accused me of stealing money. A. I was accused by somebody of stealing money. B. I was accused of stealing money. C. I was accused of stealing money by somebody. D. I was accused stealing money. Provided by: Nguyen Dinh Hung – Ngoc Tao High School 5 Tµi liÖu «n thi tèt nghiÖp passive voice 22. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. A. The computer is being used at the moment. B. The computer at the moment is being used. C. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment. D. The computer is used at the moment. 23. The bill includes service. A. Service is included by the bill. B. Service included in the bill. C. Service is included in the bill. D. Service is in the bill. 24. They have changed the date of the meeting. A. The date of the meeting has been changed. B. The date of the meeting has been changed by them. C. The meeting has been changed the date. D. The date of the meeting has changeD. 25. It has been said that UFO sightings are increasing.` A. People say that UFO sightings are increasing. B. people have said that UFO sightings are increasing. C. That UFO sightings are increasing is true. D. UFO has been said to be inreasing. II.USING PASSIVE VOICE TO REWRITE 1.Someone introduced me to Dr Felix last year. - I was introduced to Dr Felix last year. 2. People are destroying large areas of forest every day. ………………………………………………………………… 3. Somebody has bought the land next to our house. ………………………………………………………………… 4. Somebody had already reported the accident before I phoned. ………………………………………………………………… 5. People were using the tennis court, so we couldn’t play. ………………………………………………………………… 6. You can buy videos like this one anywhere. ………………………………………………………………… 7. Somebody will tell you when you should go in to see the doctor. ………………………………………………………………… 8. Has anybody shown you what to do ? ………………………………………………………………… 9. They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive. ………………………………………………………………… 10. Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day. ………………………………………………………………… 11. Nobody told me that George was ill. ………………………………………………………………… 12. They have found an unexploded bomb in Herbert Square, and they are evacuating the area. ………………………………………………………………… 13. They are opening the case again because they’re not satisfied with the verdict. ………………………………………………………………… 14. People expect better results soon. ………………………………………………………………… 15. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest ? ………………………………………………………………… Provided by: Nguyen Dinh Hung – Ngoc Tao High School 6 . Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp passive voice Passive voice : 1. General Rule Active: S + V + O (place) (time) Passive: S + BE + V3/ed + (place). School 2 S + V + that + clause. Tµi liÖu «n thi tèt nghiÖp passive voice Exercises: I. Change the sentences in to the passive voice. 1. She had finished her report by noon. 2. The mad dog bit. Adjunct. Provided by: Nguyen Dinh Hung Ngoc Tao High School 1 Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp passive voice Eg: Take off your hat! Let your hat be taken off! Ngoài cách trên, còn một cách khác để