tóm tắt luận án tiến sĩ tiếng anh nghiên cứu các tự điển, từ điển hán nôm thế kỉ xix

INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of research One of the most significantly events of Sino-nom develoment in the 19 th century was the the emergence of a series of books that were both dictionaries or bilingual dictionaries Sino-Nom and Han books such as: 日 用 常 談 Nhat dung thuong dam; 嗣 德 聖 製 字 學 解 義 歌 Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca; 南 方 名 物 備 攷 Nam phuong danh vat bi khao; 大 南 國 語 Ðại Nam quốc ngữ; They were first compilled for the purpose of learning Shino, acquiring and upgrading knowledge through Shino,Nom, but their way of inner organization has made them become sets of Shino-Nom billingual dictionaries and glossaries. Those sets of dictionaries and glossaries with their values have reflected one of the most prominent fields of traditional Shino philology in general, and Vietnamese traditional philology in particular with many achievements. The study on them will help us explaine and evaluate a range of issues related to Sinology and Vietnamese traditional philology in particular as well as society and traditional culture of Vietnam in general. Studying the Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries of the 19th century will help us understand more how the Sino dictionaries were compiled as: word table structure, world category structure, selecting the basic units to set world tables and categories, editorial purposes and popularity, update and complementarity of cultural knowledge in the latest century of medieval period in Vietnam. These studies can help us have more knowledge on ability of Vietnamese language in popularing Sinological cultural knowledge Studying the Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries, in particular those of the 19th century can also contributes to the awareness on contributions of Sino-Nom phylology for Vietnamese as well as Southeast Asian phylology Because of above reasons, we would like to choose the research on Sino-Nom dictionairies in the 19th century as the topic of my PhD thesis of Sino-Nom. 2. Purposes of researches Based on the general knowledge on Vietnamese social and linguistic context, this thesis focus on some following detail purposes: - Make the list of Sino-Nom dictionairies complied in the 19th century, clarify their characteristics: “字 學 tự học”, “字 書 tự thư”, “辭 書 từ thư”, “類 書 loại thư” in the relationship with tradiction of compling Han books as well as Han dictionairies in general. - Study the structure of world table as well as world category in general. Then, this study will focus on Han characters (or “characters can be explained”) of word category in these dictionairy series and its relationship with cultural 1 categories that these words. Therefore, the author also studies the Han language in the viewpoint of ch to know the awaness of confucians in the 19 th century about Han teaching and learning. - Research purposes as well as cultural orientation through knowledge addition, offset and update of Sinology. 3. Objects and limitation of research - Research objects of this thesis are 4 Sino-Nom dictionairies that were complied, printed and republished in the 19 th century: Nhat dung thuong dam (shortly called Nhat dung); Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca (Tu Duc); Nam phuong danh vat bi khao (Nam phuong); Dai Nam quoc ngu (Dai Nam) from the perspective of dictionaries, as well as of teacher’s books and student’s books. 4. Research methods - This thesis uses described manipulations Sino-Nom document study and Sino-Nom phylology in introducing and describing Sino-Nom bilingual dictionary series, and translates them to modern Vietnamese language. - This thesis uses described manipulations of lexicography, in particular of Han lexicography and character study to describe the structure of word tables and categories in Sino-Nom dictionairies. - The thesis also apply manipulations of sociology and linguistics in describing social and language situation of Vietnam in the 19 th century to explaine the social and langguage bases for the apperance of these book series. - The thesis also apply manipulations of linguistics and culturology in analysis, interpretation and preliminary assessment of the cultural values of these books in the social language context that they are complied 5. Contributions of this thesis - Introduce the list of Sino-Nom dictionaries of the 19 th century. - contribute to clarify the structure of word tables, Han character tables in each book, structure of word category in each category and book from the perspective of lexicography in general, in particular of Han lexicography and Sino-Nom dictionairy. - clarify the purpose and characteristics of Sino-Nom dictionary series, in Sino-Nom bilingual book arranged by branch from the perspective of Han teacher’s books and student’s books. - contribute to explain a few social and language bases for the introduction of Sino-Nom dictionaries based on analyzing the purpose of compiling them. - contribute to explain the efforts of Vietnamese traditional literary in updating cultural knowledge as the requirement of period. The thesis contributes to form a proper understanding of lexicographical tradition and dictionary of Vietnam, respect of the cultural heritage of nation on the basis of the understanding of the specific evidence in terms of dictionaries and lexicographer. 2 The thesis has made its contribution to the formation of a correct conception on Vietnamese traditional dictionaries and glossaries, with the respectation of the culturally national hemitage on the basic of understanding the concret evidences in the fields of dictionary and glossary 6. Structure of the thesis Based on general awareness of research objects and issues, research objectives, research scope and methodology as above, the content of topics is implemented in the following system: - Chapter 1, titled "OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AND RELATED RESEARCH TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MAIN THESIS" refers to some previous studies on four Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries in the 19 th century. Thereby, it clarifíe the manner and direction of report: This report will refer to the Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries from the perspective of lexicography in general, lexicography and Han lexicography in particular - Chapter 2, titled "LIST OF ENTRIES AND WORD TABLES OF THE DICTIONARIES IN THE 19 th CENTURY", introduces Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries in the 19 th century, the resources of word table and category in the dictionaries, and the word table structure from the perspective of document study and lexicography in general, Han dictionaries particular. - Chapter 3, titled "INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF WORD ITEMS IN THE SINO - NOM GLOSSARIES AND DICTIONARIES IN THE NINETEENTH CENTTURY", studies the word category and the overall structure of word items as well as the internal structure of the word category in dictionaries - Chapter 4, titled "THE ORIENTATION OF EDITION, UPDATES KNOWLEDGE OF SINO - NOM GLOSSARIES AND DICTIONARIES IN THE NINETEENTH CENTTURY" focus on research purposes of compiling or orientation of expanding and updating knowledge by topics of the bilingual books, on their role and ability to expand the knowledge of Sinology in the social and language context as well as in the Sino-Nom bilingual environment of Vietnam in the 19 th century. The concluding section will evaluate and summarize the results in solving practical issues in the thesis content . In addition, there are two minor parts: REFERENCES and APPENDIX which there are components: 1 . Appendix 1 : Photographs cover and table of contents of the dictionary , the dictionary of the nineteenth century Nom 2 . Appendix 2 : The translated version 4 of dictionaries , dictionaries of the nineteenth century Nom. 3 Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AND RELATED RESEARCH TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MAIN THESIS In this chapter, we focus on an overview of relevant studies. From that, we identify the approach as well as the directions and fields that will be deployed from the perspective of general lexicography, Han dictionaries and learning books in particular. 1.1. Litterature review The main content of this section will address the main research directions that have been set and the fact that has been resolved related to the thesis, such as summaries of introduction, general and specific research on Sino-Nom dictionaries in this 19 th century. 1.1.1. Some introductions, overview studies and translations of dictionary series in the 19 th century 1.1.1.1. The introduction and overview study Some of introductions and overview researches on four Sino-Nom dictionaries in the 19 th century are: - Tran Van Giap (1990) in Tim hieu kho sach Han Nom - nguon tu lieu van hoc, cu hoc Viet Nam (version 2), introduced these book series in language aspect with some versions: 217 (Nhat dung thuong dam); 224 (Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca); 223 (Dai Nam quoc ngu); 226 (Nam phuong danh vat bi khao). - Tran Nghia, Prof.Francois Gros (1993) in Di san Han Nom - Thu muc de yeu, includes 3 versions: introduction of the text, describes an overview of the structure and content of each dictionary by terms of folder study. - Nguyen Thi Lan, (2002) in Master thesis titled: Tim hieu loai hinh sach song ngu Han - Nom day chu Han mentioned in the books as the books teach Chinese characters. 1.1.1.2. Sino-Nom translator works - Phuong Thu Nguyen Huu Qui (1971) in Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca. This series has been transcribed and printed only partially and published by Translation Commission belongs to the Secretariat in charge of Culture of the former Saigon government in 1971. - Phan Dang (1996) in the composition Thơ văn Tu Duc (3 versions), completely transcribed Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca, and printed in the 3 rd version of this composition . - La Minh Hang (2013) in Khảo cứu từ điển song ngữ Hán - Việt Dai Nam quoc ngu, translated, researched, annotated word categories of Dai Nam quoc ngu. We have also translated the entire 2 sets during the time of doing the thesis. They are partly printed in the thesis appendix. The publication of the two sets 4 were made when the thesis has basically been completed and they can be only used as reference materials 1.1.2. Some detail studies on each Sino-Nom ditionairy in the 19 th century 1.1.2.1. Dictionairy series were objects of general introductions - Pro. Nguyen Thien Giap(2005) in Luoc Su Viet ngu hoc, Vol 1, has made a list of the first 10 Sino - Nom comparative dictionaries, among which 4 have been used in the study of this thesis. In the sphere and size of one item written for a set of books on the history of Vietnamese phililogy, the author is only able to give general comments and place them in the area of Vietnamese philology - Le Van Cuong (2012) with the artical Nhat dung thuong dam, cuon tu dien bach khoa song ngu Han - Nom the ki XIX” in Tap chi Han Nom, (version 3. 2012), introduced mainly situation of the documents stored in the library, overview interpretation methods of dictionary and generally assessed about this dictionary 1.1.2.2. Dictionairy series were data source for general studies on Nom - Doan Khoach in Chu Nom trong mot tac pham cua vua Tu Duc, after referring to theoretical issues of Nom, transcribed and analysis structure of a few pages in section. - Ha Dang Viet (2008) in “Tu Duc Thanh che tu học giai nghia ca” va van de chuan hoa chu Nom thoi Nguyen classify and quantify the structure of Nom of this book. 1.1.3. Dictionairy series in the 19 th century were data source for studies on Nom in general, particular on late Nom According to this criteria, we can prescribe a long list of studies on the Nom: Dao Duy Anh, Chu Nom - nguon goc, cau tao dien bien, Social Scien Publisher, H.1975; Phan Van Cac (General complietor), Giao trinh Han Nom, Education Publisher, 1985; Nguyen Tai Can, Mot so van de ve chu Nom, University and technical school Publisher, H.1985; Nguyen Quang Hong, Khai luan van tu hoc chu Nom, Social Scien Publisher, 2008; (….). 1.2. The fields and directions of this thesis - Introduce and analysis of Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries in terms of text study, literally transcribed them, described them in terms of lexicography to highlight the their micro and macro structure. - Describe the environment that Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries Nom advent of the 19 th century. - Analyze and evaluate editorial purposes as well as the knowledge which these dictionairies conveyed. - Analysis and assessment Vietnamese language factors for the transmission of Han cultural contents which were taught and learnt in these series. 1.2.1. The basis of Kanji lexicography for this research 1.2.1.1. Some concepts of modern lexicography 5 "Lexicography is a science researching theory and compiling the general lookup works". They are usually presented in the linguistic curriculum. Here are some basic concepts about lexicography that we epitomize from “Giao trinh ngon ngu hoc” (linguistics curriculum) complied by prof.Nguyen Thien Giap. a. Dictionaries are the collective sets of vocabulary (of one or many languages) that are arranged in a certain order to explain or translate the entries. a1. Dictionaries of philology explain the meaning and usage of words collected in the dictionary. Dictionary of philology includes hermeneutics dictionary (for a language); the dictionary (bilingual dictionaries) for two or more languages. a2. Modern lexicography separated dictionaries of philology by classifying items into categories including: acoustics dictionary, sematics dictionary b. The structure of the dictionary: A dictionary is generally structured in two parts: One is the macro-structure and another is micro-structure. Macro structure is the word table structure, which includes all items arranged in a certain order. Micro structure is the structure of each specific item in word table system 1.2.1.2. Kanji traditional lexicography Kanji traditional lexicography in particular, and East Asia in general offers a lot of branches as: 1. Letter dictionairies 字 書 , are books taking letters 字 as the unit of collection and interpretation of meaning, such as: 說 文 解 字 Thuyet van giai tu; 字 林 Tu lam,玉 篇 Ngoc thien; 字 樣 Tu dang; 干 祿 字 書 Can Loc tu thu; 字 彙 Tu thu;正 字 通 Chinh tu thong; 康 熙 字 典 Khang Hy tu dien. 2. Yun shu 韻 書, are the phonetic dictionairies arranging words by spelling, popular in the Tuy, Duong, Tong Dynasty, such as: 切 韻 Thiet van complied by Luc Phap Ngon group 陸 法 言 in 601. 唐 韻 Duong van complied by Ton Dien 孫 面, 廣 韻 Quang van complied by the Tran Banh Nien group 陳 彭 年. 3. Word dictionairies 辭書, is the common name for the kind of books that focus on collecting words as well as letter, such as dictionaries 字 典 , 辭 典 , encyclopaedias 百 科 全 書 辭 典, specialized encyclopedias 百 科 專 書 辭 典 書 , including Nhi nha 爾 雅 complied in the early Western Han. It was considered to be the first. 4. Category dictionaries, is a type of books that collect of materials and documents by one or a few subject categories for the easy control and lookup. Onset of this type is the Hoang lam 皇 覽 compiled at the Nguy Van De period. 6 In Duong dynasty, there were some category dictionaries such as: Bac Duong thu sao 北 唐 書 抄; Nghe van loai tu 藝 文 類 聚; So hoc ki 初 學 記. In Tong dynasty, there were some: Thái bình ngự lãm 太 平 御 覽; Sách phủ nguyên qui 冊 府 元 龜. In Minh dynasty there were Vĩnh Lạc đại điển 永 樂 大 典; Cổ kim đồ thư tập thành 古 今 圖 書 集 成… They were specialized types of a certain kind of subjects or intergrated types of many subjects. There were not many Kanji dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries in tradition. They usually only be edited with the need of reconciliation, interpretation. In Minh Dynasty there is a booklet Hoa Di dich ngu 華 夷 譯 語. It was not only word table, but also comparative dictionaries, multilingual dictionaries. So, dictionaries and kanji dictionaries includes 字 書 letter dictionaries 辭 書 word dictionairies, 韻 書 vận thư, 類 書 category dictionairies Unit for their arrangement may be: letters 字, words 詞, ngữ 語 1.2.2. Research on Sino-Nom dictionairies in the 19 th century from the perspective of the lexicography After such basis knowledges as above on the lexicographer as well as dictionary, kanji dictionary in particular, this thesis will focus on some detail researches as follows: - Introducing the dictionary, dictionary in terms of documentary. - Internal structure of these dictionaríe (the word table, word entries, units of the word table or macro-structure, micro-structure of the dictionary; word entries and word entry structure; “part be explained” and the explanation of items and entries. 1.2.3. Research on Research on Sino-Nom dictionairies in the 19 th century from the perspective of Kanji learning, teaching books From the perspective see the Research on Sino-Nom dictionairies in the 19 th century as Kanji textbooks, the thesis will focus on the following issues: Sino-Nom bilingual environment in Vietnam nineteenth century, a factor affected on the development of kanji textbooks. Orientation for compiling and updating the knowledge of the dictionairies. These directions and fields will be covered in detail in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 of the thesis. Chapter 1 conclusion: 7 Above is the basic content of overviewing researches related to the topic of the thesis. They are formed through the inventory, abbreviation of research history which includes the folder introduction, transcriptions, translation and specific researches. Through this, the thesis identifies the direction of research, specific fields and tasks, as well as how to approach the issue and how to deploy the issue in perspective of lexicography, Han dictionaries as well as Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries. 8 Chapter 2 LIST OF ENTRIES AND WORD TABLES OF THE SINO - NOM GLOSSARIES AND DICTIONARIES IN THE NINETEENTH CENTTURY This chapter introduces Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries in the 19 th century, the resources of word table and category in the dictionaries, and the word table structure from the perspective of document study and lexicography in general, Han dictionaries particular. 2.1. List of Sino-Nom bilingual dictionaries in the 19th century 2.1.1 日 用 常 談 Nhat dung thuong dam Nowadays, this composition is stored in Institute of Sino - Nom Studies with wildcards: AB.511; VNv. 135; VNv.67; AB.17;AB.134; VNv.69; A.3149. The version of Nhat dung that is chosen to study has wildcard of AB.511. It was complied by Pham Dinh Ho 范廷琥, printed by Dong Van Trai, in the year of Tu Duc 4 (1851) with 51 pages of 22.5 cm x 15 cm. This book contains 104 pages that 8 rows of each and 3 sizes of characters 2.1.2. 嗣 德 聖 製 字 學 解 義 歌 Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca Compared with many other documents, Tu Duc had a relatively uneventful life. Its compling process, duplication and transmittion were quite procedures without variants. Currently, Institute of Sino - Nom Studies is hosting Tu Duc with 9 text symbols, each symbol has 13 books, including the following notation + VHv.626/1 - 4; VHv.627/1 - 4; VHv.628/1 - 4; VHv.629/1 - 4; VHv.630/1 - 4; VHv.631/1 - 4; VHv.363/1- 4, printed in the year of Thanh Thai 9 (1897), 610 pages of 28 x 18. + AB.5/1 - 2 printed in the year of Thanh Thai 10 (1898), 602 pages of 28 x 17. AB.311 also printed in the same year (1898), 144 pages of 29 x 17 (nowadays, only the 7 th and 9 th versions are existed). Tu Duc was complied by Tu Duc King who died before printing. In the year of Thành Thái 8 (1896), it was expertise by Sử quán and printed in the year of Thanh Thai 10 (1898) This book was printed in the size of 26 x 15cm, included 4 versions with 295 pages of both sides, each side had 15 rows with about 14 characters. 2.1.3. 南 方 名 物 備 攷 Nam phuong danh vat bi khao Nowadays, this composition is stored in Institute of Sino - Nom Studies with wildcard A.155 and in the Vietnam National Library with wildcard R.43-44. Two versions are relatively similar. The text we chose to study is the fisrt version. Nam phuong is a Sino-Nom dictionary compiled by subject category, printed in 1902. This book was prepared by Dang Xuan Bang in 1876 when he was 9 demoted and dispatched to Da Giang, and printed in the year of Thanh Thai (1902). It includes 2 books sized of 15x26 (upper and lower), with 33 subject categories and total of 79 sheets on the both sides, 10 lines per page. 2.1.4. 大 南 國 語 Dai Nam quoc ngu The text we chose to study has wildcard AB.106, stored in Institute of Sino - Nom Studies. Dai Nam quoc ngu was complied by 海 株 子 編 輯. 文 江多 牛 文 山 Hai Chau Tu Nguyen Van San, and printed at Van Giang Da Nguu Van Son duong in the year of Thanh Thai ( 成泰 己 亥 年 孟 秋 鐫) - (1899). Book includes 86 sheets with172 pages (each page has 8 line) and a preface. 2.2. Evidences for compilation according to the introduction When composing Sino-Nom bilingual dictionairies by subject category, the Vietnamese editors has influenced by a lot of “tự thư”, “từ thư”, “vận thư”, “loại thư” and other books from China and Vietnam. 2.2.1. From Chinesse books The preface of Nam phương (above citation) had the paragraph showing that the book was originated from China: The source from Chinesse books includes: 爾 雅 Nhi nha (the first dictionairy in China) 急 就 章 Cap tuu chuong (Another name is 急 就 篇 Cap tuu thien, complied by 史 游 Su Du). 說 文 Thuyet van, (Another name is 說 文 解 字 Thuyet van giai tu, complied by 許 慎 Hua Than), 詩 疏 Thi so (complied by 陸 機 Luc Co), 南 方 草 木 慎 Nam Phuong thao moc trang (complied by 慎 含 Ke Ham), 本 草 綱 目 Ban thao cuong muc (complied by 李 時 珍 Li Thoi Tran). 群 方 譜 Quan Phuong pho (complied by 王 晋 象 Vuong Tan Tuong), 慎 雅 Ti nha (complied by 陸 佃 Luc Dien), 三 才 圖 會 Tam tai do hoi (complied by 王 琦 Vuong Ki and his son 王 恩 義 Vuong An Nghia), 正 字 通 Chinh tu thong, 12 versions (complied by 張 自 烈 Truong Tu Liet), 通 俗 文 Thong tuc van, 38 versions (complied by 翟 灝 Dich Hao). 格 致 鏡 原 Cach tri kinh nguyen (complied by 陳 原 龍 Tran Nguênn Long). According this list, we can see that these books belong in the category of Han dictionary. The list shows their continuity (from Tien Tan through Han, Duong to Tong, Nguyen, Minh. They reflect the ongoing and update in time. 2.2.2. From Vietnamese books The preface of Nam phương (above citation) had the paragraph: “Tiền bối Lê Quí Đôn “Vân Đài loại ngữ”; Tuệ Tĩnh “Dược tính chỉ nam”; Phạm Đình Hổ “Nhat dung thuong dam” đẳng thư…diệc thường bác thái quần thư dĩ thụ hậu học nhi quải nhất lậu vạn lãm giả… - The books Van Dai loai ngu of Le Qui 10 [...]... dictionaries and glossaries will be arranged in the following order: 1 Nhat dung thuong dam; 2 Nam phuong danh vat bi khao; 3 Dai Nam quoc ngu; 4 Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca 6 Unit’s"part be explained" in the words of the Sino Nom glossory, the dictionary in nineteenth century or that "tự 道 " or above tự Through the determination of unit entries, allowing ratings Sino - Nom glossaries and dictionaries... following order of the scale of the word table structure: 1 大 南 國 語 Dai Nam quoc ngu : 50 categories, 4,790 entries 2 南 方 名 物 備 攷 Nam phuong danh vat bi khao: 33 categorys, 4,405 entries 3 日用常談 Nhat dung thuong dam: 32 categories, 2,479 entries 4 嗣 德 聖 製 字 學 解 義 歌 Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca: 7 categories, 9,030 entries 2.4.2 The word classification quality of word table Word table is a collection... table Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca went the opposite way Relationship between word table and its members, in viewpoint of generalization and analys, seems to present contradictory expressions in term of designing a Kanji lesson The more categories bring about the fewer entries in each category, and thus the more simple lession Books such as Nhat dung thuong dam, Nam Phuong danh vat bi khao,... the XIX century: categoty quality of word table; pocket nature of word table; semantics of entry Also, in each entry, the work categories produce letter-word natura of the dictionary 14 Chapter 3 IMMANENT STRUCTURE SINO - NOM GLOSSARIES AND DICTIONARIES IN THE NINETEENTH CENTTURY This chapter researches entry and its immanent structure in glossary, Chinese - transcribeb Vietnamese dictionary in XIX. .. case (round syllable) There are no odd syllable In the aspect of quantity unit, we can judge originally that Sino - Nom glossaries and dictionaries in the nineteenth centtury belong to từ thư 辭 書 ” category rather than tự thư 字 書” 3.2.2 “The explained part” in aspect of meaning “The explained part” is word, type, Chinese syntactic that leaner must catch, in traditional spoken is “Object name” By this... Sino-Vietnamese bilingual of nineteeth century, each of which have different orientations compiled Nhat dung thuong dam “daily utilization” of Sino-Nom knowledge Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca compiled oriented "justification" state nature Nam phuong danh vat bi khao compiled a school - oriented "polynomial" and "cognitive" Dai Nam quoc ngu compiled a non - school examinations "are intimately name of all things",... dictionaries are chosen to research are stored at the Institute of Han Nom Studies , in turn denoted :日 用 常 慎 Nhat dung thuong dam, denoted AB.511; 嗣 德 聖 製 字 學 解 義 歌 Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca, denoted VHv.626 ;南 方 名 物 慎 考 Nam phương danh vat bi khao, denoted A.155; 大 南 慎 慎 Dai Nam quoc ngu, denoted AB.106 performance These are to be the norm in terms of school text (which is accredited by the Department... one area, can be viewed as a lesson The structure of word table of Nhat dung thuong dam consists of 32 word groups The structure of the table from Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca 7 consists of word groups The structure of the Nam phuong danh vat bi khao was composed of 33 word groups The structure of word table of Dai Nam quoc ngu consists of 50 professional categories The structure of the four... smaller Nom characters listed below Unit for arrangement of each basically item is the tự (character) but sometimes, one item has two characters or more This is the largest Sino-Nom character book Arranging entries by subjects but rhymes following syllable is the difference of this book 2.3.3 Word tables of Nam phuong danh vat bi khao The structure of word table in this dictionary consists of 33 subjects... as well as Vetnamese geography, people, culture and society in both historical and contemporary Most cited books as model are basically of non-canonical categories They were compiled in orientation of “cách trí” or “đa thức” in order to update their knowledge They contain awareness of the natural world, society (means that they belong to terms of Name) Belong to them, there are some books books related . completely transcribed Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca, and printed in the 3 rd version of this composition . - La Minh Hang (2013) in Khảo cứu từ điển song ngữ Hán - Việt Dai Nam quoc ngu,. dictionairies complied in the 19th century, clarify their characteristics: “字 學 tự học”, “字 書 tự thư”, “辭 書 từ thư”, “類 書 loại thư” in the relationship with tradiction of compling Han books. 19 th century: Nhat dung thuong dam (shortly called Nhat dung); Tu Duc Thanh che tu hoc giai nghia ca (Tu Duc); Nam phuong danh vat bi khao (Nam phuong); Dai Nam quoc ngu (Dai Nam) from the perspective