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1 HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS TRUONG THI BACH YEN SOURCING commune OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES AT PRESENT PERIOD Specialty : Building the Communist Part of Vietnam Code : 62 31 23 01 SUMMARIZED DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN POLITICAL SCIENCE HA NOI - 2014 2 The Project is completed at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Scientific supervisor: 1. Prof.Dr. Nguyen Van Giang 2. Dr. Ngo Kim Ngan Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The Dissertation is upheld before the Academy-leveled Dissertation Examination Council at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics. At : on 2014 Further information about the Dissertation available at : National Library and Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Library 3 FOREWORDS 1. Necessity of the subject Western Highlands is a strategic area of the whole country. The body of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities accounts for 30.15% of total number of grass-root officials and civil servants, presently takes very important role in social development and stability at the Western Highlands, especially at communes where ethnic minorities are populating. Confronting to requirement of speeding up the course of building the new rural areas in the direction of industrialization and modernization, the body of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands are facing insufficiency and restriction. Quantity, composition, competence, qualification and level of meeting job's requirements of the whole body have not been synchronous yet. A direct reason of such situation is resulted from the fact that quality of sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities is insufficient, thus overcoming such reason is an important and necessary task of the Party executive committees, governments and unions at the Western Highlands in the present work of building the body of cadres. Springing from such situation, I choose the issue of "Sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces in the present period" as subject of the Doctoral Dissertation in Political Science, specialty in Building the Communist Party of Vietnam, with the desire of clarifying reality and reasoning, promoting the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands to be better and better. 2. Research target and task of the Dissertation * Target: Clarifying issues of reasoning and reality of the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands at the present period, suggesting critical solutions for promoting the sourcing of the body of cadres as for 2020. * Task: Over-viewing research related to the subject; generalizing situation, features and roles of officials and civil servants and source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; clarifying concept, content, manner and roles of sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces; evaluating actual situation of source of and sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; withdrawing reason of the actual situation, experiences and reality-related problems to be addressed; proposing main directions and solutions to promote the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces as for 2020. 4 3. Objects and scope of research under the Dissertation * Objects of research: Sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces. * Scope of research: Five provinces of the Western Highlands; period from the time when the Cadres Strategy at the period of industrialization and modernization was launched to now; directions and solutions as for 2020. 4. Reasoning, reality basis and method of research 4.1. Reasoning and reality basis * Reasoning basis: The Dissertation is performed relying on reasoning basis of the Marxism - Leninist, the Ho Chi Minh ideology and viewpoints of the Party in term of personnel work, personnel sourcing; succession of announced results of related scientific projects. * Reality basis: The Dissertation is researched from reality of building the body of cadres in general, sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands in particular, which have been presented at statistic reports and tables of the Party organizations, governments, unions and other related agencies, and result of direct inspection and survey. 4.2. Method of research under the Dissertation On the methodology basis of the Marxism - Leninist; research methods of jointed and specific sciences such as logic-history, analysis-synthesis, system, statistics-comparison, inspection, survey, reality summing-up and specialist interview are applied comprehensively. 5. New scientific contribution of the Dissertation - Clarifying concept, content and method for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces. - Withdrawing experiences and problems to be addressed in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces in the last years. - Suggesting two specific and feasible solutions to promote the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities as for 2020: Firstly, strengthening, developing and assigning detail jobs for the system of ethnic boarding schools, training and education institutions at the Western Highlands to participate in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. Secondly, building, strengthening and bringing into play the role 5 of the political systems at communes, reputed people in the ethnic minorities at hamlets and villages in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. 6. Real meanings of the Dissertation The Dissertation's research results can be used as references, helping the party executive committee to promote the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands. It is also used as references for researching and learning Building the Party in the system of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, provincial political schools, political training centers of districts. 7. The Dissertation's structure: Apart from Forewords, Conclusions, List of the author's scientific projects related to the subject, List of references and appendixes, main contents of the Dissertation include Overview on research situation in relation with the subject and three chapters and six items. 6 OVERVIEW RESEARCH SITUATION IN RELATION WITH THE SUBJECT I. RESEARCH PROJECTS IN VIETNAM 1.1. Researches in relation with personnel work and personnel sourcing in general Personnel work is described by various authors, affirming subject role, subject's responsibilities and method at each stage. They are available typically with books titled "Defining mechanism and standards of key leaders in the renovated political system" (1998) by Tran Xuan Sam (chief author) and "Scientific foundation for qualification improvement toward the body of officials at the stage of strengthening industrialization and modernization of the country" (2001) by Nguyen Phu Trong, Tran Xuan Sam. A Ministry-leveled Project (1998- 1999) "Reasoning and reality basis for determining content, training program for key grass- root officials at mountainous areas to meet revolutionary requirements at the present period" by Dr. Tran Ngoc Uan as owner. A State-leveled project (2002)-07 "Reasoning and reality basis for assessing, seconding leaders and managers in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country" is undertaken by Prof. Dr. Tran Dinh Hoan. Personnel sourcing is researched as a stage of the personnel work. Dr. Do Xuan Dinh (1998) in "Sourcing in personnel planning" (Seminar "Some problems on the work of personnel planning", Program KHXH.05), addresses two methods of sourcing: remote and direct. A project "Personnel sourcing at remote and special difficulty-suffering areas - reality and solutions" (KHBD (2009)-51) by MA. Tran Thi Huong and a Master Dissertation "Present sourcing the district-leveled leaders and managers at Bac Lieu province" (2010) by Tran Hoang Khai set up concept of source, sourcing; define contents of sourcing: finding, selecting, assessing, planning; training, fostering, managing; arranging and employing. 1.2. Researches in relation with commune-leveled cadres, ethnic minority cadres and sourcing ethnic minority cadres Setting up body of commune-leveled cadres that pertains to role of the political system is given attention by many scientists. It is available typically with books titled "Political system at grass-root level and social life democratization at mountainous and ethnic minority areas" by Nguyen Quoc Pham as Chief Author (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2000); "Present political system at rural localities of our country" by Hoang Chi Bao (Political Reasoning Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005); Ministry-leveled scientific project 2007 "Setting up body of grass-root cadres under 5 th Central Resolution (IX Session )" by Nguyen The Vinh, etc. 7 As determined by various authors, cadres as ethnic minorities are core of the personnel work at mountainous and ethnic areas. It is available with books titled "Building the body of cadres as ethnic minorities in our country at the period of strengthening industrialization and modernization - Foundations and solutions" (2005) by Le Thi Phuong Thao, Nguyen Cuc, Doan Hung (Political Reasoning Publishing House, Hanoi); "Present development of source of cadres as ethnic minorities at Northern mountainous provinces in our country" by Lo Quoc Toan (Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2010), etc. 1.3. Researches in relation with the Western Highlands, ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands and sourcing cadres at the Western Highlands The Western Highlands and ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands with reality and tend of development are interpreted by many authors, such as books titled "Some reasoning and reality issues on nation and national relationship at the Western Highlands" (2005) and "Building and strengthening great national unity at the Western Highlands" (2008) by Truong Minh Duc (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi), "Culture, society and people at the Western Highlands" (2005) by Nguyen Tan Dac (Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi); "Some present issues on culture - society of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands" (2010) by Duong Thi Huong, Do Dinh Hang and Dau Tuan Nam as chief co- authors (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi); "Village organizations and activities in sustainable development at the Western Highlands" (2010) by Bui Minh Dao (Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi). Sourcing, building the body of ethnic minority cadres at the Western Highlands are objects and targets of various projects. Typical books are titled "Psychological and cultural features of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands affecting on building the body of ethnic minority cadres at present" by Nguyen Hong Son, and others articles in book titled "Building the body of cadres as ethnic minorities in our country at the period of strengthening industrialization and modernization - Foundations and solutions" (2005) by Le Thi Phuong Thao, Nguyen Cuc, Doan Hung (chief co-authors). Reality and solutions for sourcing commune cadres as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands are reflected by various authors. Typically, they are "Qualification improvement toward the human resource as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands" (2009) Seminar organized by Da Nang University, with speeches titled: "Some issues on qualification improvement toward human resource of cadres as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands" by Nguyen Ban, "The work of training, fostering and sourcing grass-root cadres of Kon Tum province - Reality and solutions" by Kon Tum Department of Home 8 Affairs; "Manner of tertiary education toward ethnic minorities through form of nomination" by Dr. Doan Gia Dung; "It is necessary to renovate method of education toward students as ethnic minorities" by Thai Thi Bich Van. The work of sourcing commune cadres on each locality of the Western Highlands is reflected with articles titled "Gia Lai attach much importance to training source cadres as ethnic minorities for grass-root level " by Tran Ngoc Chi (Party Building Magazine Online, 9- 9-2007); "Gia Lai: Recruiting graduates to work at locality - Results and experiences" by Tran Thiet (Party Building Magazine Online, 19-9-2011); "Sourcing the commune cadres at Lam Ha" by Viet Trong (Lam Dong Online, 26-12-2010); "Seven years of realizing Decision No.253/QD-TTg: "Commune cadres are 'rejuvenating' and 'standardizing' step by step" by Duc Hung (Lam Dong Online, 11-04-2012); "Results and experiences in realization of ethnic work on Dak Nong" by Tran Thanh Long (btd.daknong.gov.vn dated 15-11-2012); "Kon Plong district Party Committee training preparatory source cadres for grass-root level" by Huynh Trung Kim ((Party Building Magazine Online, 1-9-2006); "The work of national education improved qualitatively" and "Place of sourcing ethnic minority cadres" (Website of Dak Lak Department of Education and Training); "Dak Lak strengthen Party's leadership at rural areas, villages and population groups" by Nguyen Phu Lap (Party Building Magazine Online, 7-8- 2012), etc. These are actual researches pertaining to each specific locality. It is responsible for reviewing to general reasoning on sourcing officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. 2. FOREIGN RESEARCH PROJECTS 2.1. Human resource (HR), HR quality and development are paid attention by Japanese authors like Mitokaza Aoki ("Japan-styled management principle" book, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1993), Matsushita Konouke ("Personnel - key to success" book, Transport Publishing House, 1999); Yasuhiko Inoue ("Japan's experience on human resource development (HRD)" article, http://www.vyajp.org) and so on. 2.2. Setting up body of officials and civil servants Laotian authors of articles titled "Present province-leveled personnel work in Lao People's Democratic Republic" by Unkeo Sipasot (Party Building Magazine Online, 24-8- 2009); "Breaking-through on personnel work" by Litthi Sisouvong (Party Building Magazine Online, 02-12-2011; Doctoral Dissertation titled "Renovating political grass-root system at rural areas of Laos at present" (2011) by La Chay Sinh Su Van, etc. all highlight that personnel work is solution for the political system's quality. 9 Chinese authors at Vietnamese Communist Party and Chinese Communist Party Reasoning Seminar: "Building the ruling Party - Experiences from Vietnam, experiences from China" (2004), mention various experiences in building the body of cadres. 2.3. Personnel sourcing issue An article titled "Originating from great task, toward long-term target, trying to build the body of qualified preparatory cadres" (Vietnamese Communist Party and Chinese Communist Party Reasoning Seminar: "Building the ruling Party - Experiences from Vietnam, experiences from China") by Chu Phuc Khoi author (Chinese) affirm that building the body of preparatory cadres is a strategic duty related to the great task toward long-term target. Its contents cover: recruiting, training, using and managing preparatory cadres. Overview shows that, on various aspects, such research projects have mentioned sourcing, building the body of cadres. However, neither scientific project research extensionally, systematically and comprehensively the sourcing of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces. 10 Chapter I SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES REASONING AND REALITY ISSUES 1.1. COMMUNES AND SOURCES OF COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CADRES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES 1.1.1. Communes and ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces 1.1.1.1. Overview on the Western Highlands The Western Highlands cover Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Lam Dong provinces, lying on the West Central region, where are populated with 5.2 million compatriots of 47 ethnic groups, of whom ethnic minorities account for 37.84%. The Western Highlands is rick of potential but also latent of instability, which is attributed either to inherent difficulties and complexity of a mountainous and border area with high rate of poor households, or that it is a strategic important area to which hostile forces are watching. Political instability from 2001 to now is resulted from communes where ethnic minorities populate. Instability prevention and sustainable economic and social development for the Western Highlands can only be performed when the political systems at communes are strengthened with the powerful body of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities serving as hard core. 1.1.1.2. Political systems at communes of the Western Highlands The political systems at communes of the Western Highlands comprise of legally recognized organizations such as Party Committee, government, Vietnamese Fatherland Front and other political and social organizations (Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth's Union, Vietnamese Women's Union, Vietnamese Farmers' Union and Vietnamese Veterans' Association). The political systems at communes of the Western Highlands have been established since 1975 and are now stable in term of organization. Its structure and titles of officials and civil servants have been set up on the basis of general stipulation, but applied correspondingly with each commune. Operation quality of the political systems is not even, suitable with qualification of officials and civil servants as well as complexity of each area. Infrastructure, means of working, policy and regime for officials and civil servants have not met necessary demands of living and working. . 11-04-2012); "Results and experiences in realization of ethnic work on Dak Nong" by Tran Thanh Long (btd.daknong.gov.vn dated 15-11-2012); "Kon Plong district Party Committee training