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CCNA: Fast Pass 4309FM.fm Page i Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM 4309FM.fm Page ii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM San Francisco • London CCNA ™ : Fast Pass Todd Lammle 4309FM.fm Page iii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Associate Publisher: Neil Edde Acquisitions Editor: Maureen Adams Developmental Editor: Jeff Kellum Production Editor: Elizabeth Campbell Technical Editor: David Groth Copyeditor: Rebecca Rider Compositor: Scott Benoit Graphic Illustrator: Tony Jonick CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert CD Technician: Kevin Ly Proofreaders: Laurie O’Connell, Nancy Riddiough Indexer: Nancy Guenther Book Designer: Bill Gibson Cover Design and Illustration: Richard Miller, Calyx Design Copyright © 2004 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. 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However, in all cases, reselling or redistributing these files without authoriza- tion is expressly forbidden except as specifically pro- vided for by the Owner(s) therein. 4309FM.fm Page v Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Acknowledgments I need to thank Neil Edde, Maureen Adams, Jeff Kellum, and Elizabeth Campbell for trying to keep my path straight and focused. This is no easy task for you and I applaud your patience and dedication to our vision. Thanks also to the Sybex CD team for the super testing engine, Scott Benoit, who laid out these pages, David Groth, for his technical take on things, and Rebecca Rider whose eagle eye caught any grammar or spelling issues before they made it into the book. 4309FM.fm Page vi Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Contents at a Glance Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Planning & Designing 1 Chapter 2 Implementation & Operation 59 Chapter 3 Troubleshooting 227 Chapter 4 Technology 281 Index 355 4309FM.fm Page vii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Contents Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Planning & Designing 1 1.1 Designing a Simple LAN Using Cisco Technology 2 Routers 3 Switches 3 Bridges 4 The Router, Switch, and Bridge Working Together 4 Exam Essentials 6 1.2 Designing an IP Addressing Scheme to Meet Design Requirements 6 IP Terminology 7 The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 7 Network Addressing 8 Private IP Addresses 11 Network Address Translation (NAT) 12 Exam Essentials 13 1.3 Selecting an Appropriate Routing Protocol Based on User Requirements 13 Routing Basics 13 Distance-Vector Routing Protocols (RIP and IGRP) 15 Hybrid Routing Protocols or EIGRP 21 Link State (OSPF) 25 Exam Essentials 27 1.4 Designing a Simple Internetwork Using Cisco Technology 27 Introduction to VLANs 27 VLAN Memberships 32 Identifying VLANs 33 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 35 Exam Essentials 37 1.5 Developing an Access List to Meet User Specifications 37 Exam Essentials 39 1.6 Choose WAN Services to Meet Customer Requirements 39 High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol 40 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 40 Frame Relay 43 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 51 Exam Essentials 54 Review Questions 55 Answers to Review Questions 57 4309FM.fm Page viii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM Contents ix Chapter 2 Implementation & Operation 59 2.1 Configure Routing Protocols Given User Requirements 60 Preliminary Configuration 60 Configuring IP Routing in Your Network 66 Default Routing 70 Configuring RIP Routing 71 Configuring IGRP Routing 76 Lab_A 77 Lab_B 77 Lab_C 78 Verifying the IGRP Routing Tables 78 Configuring EIGRP 79 Lab_A 81 Lab_B 81 Lab_C 81 Configuring OSPF 82 Enabling OSPF 83 Configuring OSPF Areas 83 Lab_A 84 Lab_B 85 Lab_C 85 Loopback Interfaces 86 Exam Essentials 88 2.2 Configuring IP Addresses, Subnet Masks, and Gateway Addresses on Routers and Hosts 89 Configuring Subnet Masks 89 Subnetting Practice Examples: Class C Addresses 96 Practice Example #1C: 255.255.255.192 (/26) 96 Practice Example #2C: 255.255.255.224 (/27) 97 Subnetting in Your Head: Class C Addresses 98 Subnetting Class B Addresses 99 Subnetting Practice Examples: Class B Addresses 99 Subnetting in Your Head: Class B Addresses 101 Subnetting Class A Addresses 102 Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) 102 VLSM Design 103 Implementing VLSM Networks 105 Exam Essentials 111 2.3 Configuring a Router for Additional Administrative Functionality 111 Understanding the Configuration Register Bits 111 Checking the Current Configuration Register Value 113 Changing the Configuration Register 114 4309FM.fm Page ix Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM x Contents Recovering Passwords 115 Exam Essentials 118 2.4 Configure a Switch With VLANS and Inter-switch Communication 118 Configuring a Switch with VLANs 118 Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs 121 Configuring Inter-Switch Communication: Trunk Ports 123 Configuring Inter-Switch Communication: Inter-VLAN Routing 125 Configuring Inter-Switch Communication: VTP 126 Configuring the Switching in Our Sample Internetwork 128 Exam Essentials 135 2.5 Implement a LAN 135 Straight-Through Cable 135 Crossover Cable 136 Rolled Cable 137 Exam Essentials 138 2.6 Customize a Switch Configuration to Meet Specified Network Requirements 139 Exam Essentials 141 2.7 Manage System Image and Device Configuration Files 141 Backing Up and Restoring the System Image File 141 Backing Up and Restoring the Device Configuration File 146 Exam Essentials 149 2.8 Perform an Initial Configuration on a Router 150 Cisco Router IOS 150 Connecting to a Cisco Router 150 Bringing Up a Router 151 Setup Mode 153 Command-Line Interface (CLI) 157 Exam Essentials 188 2.9 Perform an Initial Configuration on a Switch 190 1900 and 2950 Switch Startup 190 Setting the Passwords 191 Setting the Hostname 194 Setting IP Information 194 Configuring Interface Descriptions 195 Erasing the Switch Configuration 196 Exam Essentials 197 2.10 Implement Access Lists 198 Standard IP Access Lists 198 Extended Access Lists 203 Named Access Lists 208 Exam Essentials 210 4309FM.fm Page x Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM [...]... 1. 4 17 Converged routing tables 17 2 .16 .30.0 17 2 .16 .20.0 E0 17 2 .16 .10 .0 E0 F0/0 S0 S0 2501A 17 2 .16 .40.0 S1 S0 E0 17 2 .16 .50.0 2501C 2501B 2621A Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table Routing Table 17 2 .16 .10 .0 F0/0 0 17 2 .16 .10 .0 E0 0 17 2 .16 .20.0 S0 0 17 2 .16 .40.0 S0 0 17 2 .16 .20.0 F0/0 1 172 .16 .20.0 S0 0 17 2 .16 .30.0 E0 0 17 2 .16 .50.0 E0 0 17 2 .16 .30.0 F0/0 2 17 2 .16 .30.0 S0 1 172 .16 .40.0 S1 0 17 2 .16 .10 .0... 17 2 .16 .20.0 E0 17 2 .16 .10 .0 F0/0 S0 E0 17 2 .16 .40.0 S1 S0 2501A S0 E0 17 2 .16 .50.0 2501C 2501B 2621A Routing Table 17 2 .16 .10 .0 F0/0 0 Routing Table Routing Table 17 2 .16 .10 .0 E0 0 17 2 .16 .20.0 17 2 .16 .20.0 S0 0 17 2 .16 .30.0 17 2 .16 .40.0 S0 Routing Table 0 17 2 .16 .40.0 S0 0 E0 0 17 2 .16 .50.0 E0 0 S1 0 As you can see from Figure 1. 3, each router has only the directly connected networks in each routing table Each... 17 2 .16 .20.0 F0/0 1 172 .16 .20.0 S0 0 17 2 .16 .30.0 E0 0 17 2 .16 .50.0 E0 0 17 2 .16 .30.0 F0/0 2 17 2 .16 .30.0 S0 1 172 .16 .40.0 S1 0 17 2 .16 .10 .0 S0 2 17 2 .16 .40.0 F0/0 2 17 2 .16 .40.0 S0 1 172 .16 .10 .0 S0 1 172 .16 .20.0 S0 1 172 .16 .50.0 F0/0 3 17 2 .16 .50.0 S0 2 17 2 .16 .50.0 S1 1 172 .16 .30.0 S0 1 The routing table in each router keeps information regarding the remote network number, the interface to which the router will send... network: 10 000000 = 12 8 10 111 111 = 19 1 As you can see, this means that a Class B network is defined when the first byte is configured from 12 8 to 19 1 In a Class B network address, the first two bytes are assigned to the network address, and the remaining two bytes are used for node addresses: network.network.node.node For example, in the IP address 17 2 .16 .30.56, the network address is 17 2 .16 , and the node... information These bits are divided into four sections, referred to as octets or bytes, and each contains 1 byte (8 bits) You can depict an IP address using one of three methods: Dotted-decimal, as in 17 2 .16 .30.56 Binary, as in 10 1 011 00.00 010 000.00 011 110 .0 011 1000 Hexadecimal (hex for short), as in AC .10 .1E.38 All these examples represent the same IP address Hex isn’t used as often as dotted-decimal or binary... Figure 1. 3, the four routers start off with only their directly connected networks in the routing table After a distance-vector routing protocol starts on each router, the routing tables are updated with all the route information gathered from neighbor routers FIGURE 1. 3 The internetwork with distance-vector routing 17 2 .16 .30.0 17 2 .16 .20.0 E0 17 2 .16 .10 .0 F0/0 S0 E0 17 2 .16 .40.0 S1 S0 2501A S0 E0 17 2 .16 .50.0... network—for example, 10 .0.0.0, 17 2 .16 .0.0, and 19 2 .16 8 .10 .0 Broadcast address This type of address is used by applications and hosts to send information to all nodes on a network Examples include 255.255.255.255, which is all networks, all nodes; 17 2 .16 .255.255, which is all subnets and hosts on network 17 2 .16 .0.0; and 10 .255.255.255, which broadcasts to all subnets and hosts on network 10 .0.0.0 The Hierarchical... and they only have to pay for the outside IP addresses The reserved private addresses are listed in Table 1. 2 TABLE 1. 2 Reserved IP Address Space Address Class Reserved Address Space Class A 10 .0.0.0 through 10 .255.255.255 Class B 17 2 .16 .0.0 through 17 2. 31. 255.255 Class C 19 2 .16 8.0.0 through 19 2 .16 8.255.255 To accomplish this task, the ISP and the corporation—the end user, no matter who they are—need... Troubleshooting Frame Relay Troubleshooting ISDN Exam Essentials Review Questions Answers to Review Questions xi 211 211 212 213 217 2 21 223 226 227 228 228 229 230 232 232 234 234 237 238 240 2 41 245 245 246 249 252 254 254 254 259 263 269 269 2 71 272 272 273 276 277 278 280 xii Contents Chapter 4 Technology 4 .1 Describe Network Communications Using Layered Models The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model The OSI... address, except they are not routable on the public Internet The Class A private address range is 10 .0.0.0 10 .255.255.255; the Class B range is 17 2 .16 .0.0 17 2. 31. 255.255, and the Class C range is 19 2 .16 8.0.0 19 2 .16 8.255.255 By using NAT, you can use these private IP addresses on your internal networks 1. 3 Selecting an Appropriate Routing Protocol Based on User Requirements Many factors may influence . Administrative Functionality 11 1 Understanding the Configuration Register Bits 11 1 Checking the Current Configuration Register Value 11 3 Changing the Configuration Register 11 4 4309FM.fm Page ix. 23, 2003 4: 31 PM x Contents Recovering Passwords 11 5 Exam Essentials 11 8 2.4 Configure a Switch With VLANS and Inter-switch Communication 11 8 Configuring a Switch with VLANs 11 8 Assigning. Head: Class B Addresses 10 1 Subnetting Class A Addresses 10 2 Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) 10 2 VLSM Design 10 3 Implementing VLSM Networks 10 5 Exam Essentials 11 1 2.3 Configuring a Router