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201 Chapter 9 ✦ Purchasing and Installing Networking Hardware The routers that are most popular in home and small-business networking are those that enable multiple computers to connect to one Internet connection. You can purchase SoHo routers for around $130 to serve all your home networking needs. For more information on routers and setting them up for a shared Internet connection, see Chapter 16. Summary In this chapter, you learned about purchasing and installing networking hardware, including the following: ✦ Network interface cards ✦ Hubs and switches ✦ Access points and base stations ✦ Routers In the next chapter, you learn about configuring networking software. ✦✦✦ Cross- Reference Configuring Networking Software B efore you can attach to the network, you must install and configure several programs that enable the computers to communicate and share information. The programs include a protocol, the client for the network, and software that makes the network interface card work with the network. Some operating systems take care of most of the configuration for you; others simply supply the software for you to configure. Networking hardware (cables, cards, and so on), when attached to your computers, cannot communicate with each other without networking software. The networking software, installed on the computer, enables the hardware to do its work. Understanding Networking Software In Windows, you have four different networking software components that you must add to the computer to enable networking: adapter, client, protocol, and service. You also must set your computer’s iden- tification and access control before you can begin networking. Other operating systems, such as a Mac OS or Linux, use similar networking software. You can buy a Mac with built-in Ethernet (meaning the network card comes installed). You can change protocols, for example, and share (a service), but you don’t have to set a client or adapter. In Linux, you can use a program called Samba to handle all of the Windows networking tasks— such as sharing and so on. This chapter deals more with Windows than it does with Macintosh and Linux because so many versions of operating systems for Macintosh and Linux exist; however, when appropriate, configuring software in those operating systems is covered. Windows includes everything you need to configure the networking software for a workgroup network and most client/server networks. If you’re using a client/server network, you should check the server documentation to make sure that you want to use Windows’ software elements. Some network operating systems (NOSs) require specific networking software; other NOSs provide alternative software. Note 10 10 CHAPTER ✦✦✦✦ In This Chapter Understanding networking software Installing and configuring the networking software ✦✦✦✦ 204 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking— Hardware and Software Setting up the networking software on Windows 98 is a manual task. Setting up networking software on Windows ME, 2000, or XP is a different story. You can, of course, change networking settings for these operating systems, but the easiest thing about more recent Microsoft OSs is they sense the network and configure themselves. In Windows, you install the four networking software components in the Network dialog box, as described in the section “Installing and Configuring the Network Software” later in this chapter. Defining adapters Adapter is another word for a network interface card (NIC). In Windows networking, an adapter refers to the software driver that makes the card work. The adapter driver is the program that enables the network interface card to communicate with the computer and over the network. Windows includes multiple software drivers for NICs, listed by manufacturer and network card name. You also can supply drivers from floppy disks or CD-ROMs that come with your network card; alternatively, you can download updated drivers from the Internet and install them on your Windows computer. It is important to use the right driver for your operating system; check to make sure you’re installing the XP driver, for example, if you’re using a Windows XP operating system. Always install the latest version of a NIC driver to ensure that the card works efficiently with Windows. It’s important to note that the drivers on the manufacturer’s disk that comes with your NIC are not necessarily the most recent versions. For the best solution, check the manufacturer’s site on the Internet. If you cannot find an updated version of the adapter driver, you can use one of the Windows drivers. Windows includes drivers for Adaptec, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Belken, Intel, Linksys, 3Com, and many more. The adapter driver you install in Windows must match the card you physically install in your computer. See Chapter 9 for more information about installing a network interface card. When you first turn on your computer after installing a Plug and Play network card, Windows detects the card and prompts you to install the network driver. You can let Windows install the driver and complete the task. Later, you can add an updated driver, change the driver, or leave the adapter configured as is. Defining the network client The network client is the software that enables your computer to become a member of a network. Each network type — Windows networking, Novell NetWare, and so on — has its own specific client. You install the client software for the network type on a computer to enable the computer to communicate over the network. Microsoft’s networks, for example, include a Microsoft Windows client that works with workgroups or client/server. Microsoft supplies clients for its own networks, plus clients for other networks, such as NetWare. Note Tip Note 205 Chapter 10 ✦ Configuring Networking Software Novell NetWare supplies clients for its NOS. If you set up a client/server network with NetWare, you may want to use Novell’s client, because it offers more features on that particu- lar network than the Windows NetWare client does. The Novell client, however, also offers more compatibility problems with Windows. Always try to use one of Microsoft’s clients when possible, because Microsoft’s client software works best with Windows. Defining protocols Protocols are languages that define the procedures to follow when transmitting and receiving data. Protocols define the format, timing, sequence, and error checking used on the network. In networking, many protocols work on many levels. Ethernet, for example, is a networking technology and a protocol, as is token ring. These are communications protocols that guaran- tee the synchronization and flow of data from computer to computer. The networking protocols that must be configured, however, are transport protocols, which actually send the messages and data from one computer to another. The transport protocols include NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) Extended User Interface (NetBEUI) or NetBIOS-compatible transport protocol, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and Internet Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX). You do not generally use all three of these protocols on your network; you use only one. How- ever, you might have various operating systems and network operating systems that require you use two or even all three protocols. For example, you might use IPX/SPX if you have a Novell server or use NetWare within your network; you can use NetBEUI to communicate between your Windows computers; then you use TCP/IP to communicate between Linux or with the Internet. You can also, however, use TCP/IP for all three purposes. Windows supplies versions of the following protocols that you can install. You can use any of the three protocols with most networking topologies and technologies. NetBEUI NetBEUI is a Microsoft protocol you can use with any Windows operating system. NetBIOS is a programming interface for developing client/server applications; NetBIOS also works with other protocols and various network types. It’s easy to set up, it provides good performance, and it’s a fast protocol. NetBEUI uses very little memory and also provides good error detection over the network. NetBEUI is sometimes used for small local area networks but cannot work with larger LANs or wide area networks. You cannot use NetBEUI with other operating systems, such as a Mac OS. NetBEUI doesn’t enable packet forwarding on routed networks, so if you use a WAN, NetBEUI won’t work for you. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet, but you also can use it on your home or office network. TCP/IP consists of many different protocols that encompass media access, file transfer, elec- tronic mail, and more. A group of protocols is called a protocol stack; the stack refers to the fact that each protocol in the group builds on or acts as a foundation for another protocol. TCP/IP is versatile and fast, and it provides a wide variety of options for configuration. Tip 206 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking— Hardware and Software At first glance, TCP/IP looks difficult to configure. You must create a numbering system for network addresses when you use TCP/IP in your home network. However, after you choose your numbering system, the rest is easy. In addition, TCP/IP works with a variety of operating systems, including Macintosh OSs, Linux, Unix, and Windows. See Appendix B for more information and complete instructions for setting up a TCP/IP network. TCP/IP is often used with Microsoft workgroup networks, Windows 2000 Server networks, NetWare, and others. Because TCP/IP is also used with the Internet, there is sometimes confu- sion about this protocol. When you install TCP/IP on your LAN, it is totally separate from using TCP/IP with your Internet dial-up connection. The addresses are different; the networks are different. For more information, see Chapter 16. For more information about network security, see Network Security For Dummies by Chey Cobb (Wiley Publishing, Inc. 2002). This book contains basic network security practices that apply to home and SoHo network users. IPX/SPX IPX/SPX is a protocol frequently used with Novell NetWare networks, although you also can use it with Microsoft networks. IPX/SPX is another protocol stack, and the protocol defines how network packets are delivered on the network. Note Cross- Reference Setting Up TCP/IP Quickly If you want to set up a TCP/IP network, you can easily do it without going into any more detail than what is here in this sidebar. If you don’t plan to connect your home or small-business network to the Internet, for creating your own Web server, you can use IP addresses that are specifically reserved for private networks. Your network will be safe from intruders, secure from the network, and even unreachable from any other network. IP addresses need two numbers: a number for the computer (called an IP address) and a number for the network segment (called a subnet). All computers on the same segment — that is, all computers in your home or small-business network — use the same subnet. All computers use nearly the same IP address —with just one or two numbers’ difference between them. For an example, suppose you have four computers on your network. The subnet or subnet mask number is 255.255.255.0 for each computer. That number remains the same. As for the IP addresses, each one must be unique, but not too unique. So the first computer’s IP address is 192.168.1.1, the second is 192.168.1.2, the third is 192.168.1.3, and the fourth is 192.168.1.4. It’s as simple as that. If you add more computers, you add to the last number: 192.168.1.6 on up to 192.168.1.255. You can have 256 (192.168.1.0 is also usable) computers on your network using this numbering scheme, and you don’t have to know any more about TCP/IP than that. If you do decide to use 255 or 0 as the last number in the IP address, make sure the software and devices you’re using are compatible with those numbers. Check the documentation for clarification. 207 Chapter 10 ✦ Configuring Networking Software IPX/SPX works with Microsoft networks. It supports many Windows features, including NetBIOS, Windows sockets (which provide an interface between Windows and TCP/IP networking), and others. Microsoft’s IPX/SPX is also easy to install; however, unless you have a specific reason for using IPX/SPX, you should probably stick with TCP/IP or NetBEUI. Microsoft designed NetBEUI specifically for the Windows network, and it operates with less traffic than IPX/SPX. Also, IPX/SPX uses a NetWare file and printer sharing utility instead of Microsoft file and printer sharing. Defining services In networking, server machines offer services —such as printing, Internet access, backup and restore, authentication, and so on. In a workgroup network, services are limited. Windows offers services for file and printer sharing. You can choose to share your files and printers with others on the network, or you can limit the shares, if you want. Windows 2000 and XP offer quality of service (QoS) and the service advertising protocol. QoS prioritizes the one type of traffic over the others when data transfers across a network so that the data transmission is more efficient. QoS is useful only on WANs that use a variety of technologies to transfer data, such as fiber, frame relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and so on. QoS can be a great addition to your network if your network is a WAN or enterprise network. If you use QoS and find that some programs don’t work as well as they should —for example, a scheduling program takes a long time to start — remove the QoS service to see if you notice any improvements. Sometimes QoS slows some programs down. The Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) is another service for large networks. SAP keeps a list of servers and services on a network WAN or LAN, and it broadcasts these services to all user computers on the network. Neither of these services is useful to a home network or a small- business network. If you’re using a Windows 98 or XP computer as a server on your home network and you don’t want to share the other computers’ resources, you can enable the file and printer sharing service on just the server. Enabling file and printer sharing makes that one computer into a server and protects the files and resources of the other computers. Installing and Configuring the Network Software Windows has the elements you need to network your computer from the time you install the operating system. In addition to programs such as the Network Neighborhood or My Network Places, which enable you to view other computers on the network, Windows provides the networking software you need to communicate with other computers on the network. For more information about the Network Neighborhood and My Network Places, see Chapter 14. You can use the Windows Control Panel to install and configure the network software. The Control Panel is a program that enables you to manage settings such as passwords, date and time, your display, mouse, keyboard, and so on. The Control Panel also contains tools for adding hardware and software to your computer. Cross- Reference Tip Tip 208 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking— Hardware and Software You open the Control Panel by choosing Start ➪ Settings➪ Control Panel in Windows 98; choose Start ➪ Control Panel in Windows XP. Figure 10-1 shows the Control Panel with the Network icon displayed. To open the Network dialog box, double-click the Network icon. Figure 10-1: Use the Control Panel to configure your computer’s settings. Alternatively, you can right-click the Network Neighborhood or the My Network Places icon and choose Properties. Figure 10-2 shows the Network dialog box that appears in Windows 98 if you right-click the Network Neighborhood. Your Network dialog box may or may not have the same components as shown in the figure. Figure 10-2: The Network dialog box enables you to add and configure your networking software. 209 Chapter 10 ✦ Configuring Networking Software If you right-click the My Network Places icon in Windows 2000 or XP, the Network Connections dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 10-3. Your Network Connections dialog box may look different from the one pictured. Right-click the Local Area Connection and choose Properties. The Local Area Connection dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 10-4. Figure 10-3: The Local Area Connection is the way to your network settings. Figure 10-4: The Windows 98 and XP network dialog boxes look different, but they contain similar items. 210 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking— Hardware and Software To show you the difference between a Macintosh and a Windows computer, Figure 10-5 shows the Network dialog box in an iMac OS X. You click the Preferences icon and then the Network icon to get to the Network dialog box. Figure 10-5: The iMac enables you to use the TCP/IP protocol, make changes and additions, and so on. Each of the following sections describes how to install and configure the networking software. As you install and configure the networking software, you should keep a notebook contain- ing the settings for later reference. Enter the network interface card brand and type, any IRQ (an interrupt request is a setting that defines which path signals take from the processor to a specific device) or address settings, the protocol used plus configurations, and any other spe- cial preparations and provisions you use while setting up the computer. Keep a list for each computer; it will come in handy if you need to format the drive and reinstall the operating system, replace a network card, or otherwise modify your computer settings. Adding a network adapter If you have installed a network interface card since you last turned your computer on, and that card is a Plug and Play card, Windows detects the card and guides you through the installation of the adapter driver. If Windows doesn’t find the network card, you can complete the following steps to install the driver. If you download a driver for your network interface card from the Internet, copy the driver to a floppy disk so that you can install it easily during the steps that follow. Tip Tip [...]... features, you can easily add it to a Windows network, however Adding Windows XP Windows XP comes in two editions: Home and Professional The Home Edition is not as full of features as the Professional Edition of Windows XP As for networking, Windows XP Home Edition has built-in support for workgroup networking, but to include only five computers In addition, you cannot connect to a server with a true NOS or... many of the Windows programs work the same way 233 2 34 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking — Hardware and Software Setting up the network You can easily add a Windows 2000 computer to a workgroup or client/server network All you have to do is install a network interface card and cable, or use wireless, phone line networking, or power line networking, and connect the computer to a local area... Change your name or the workgroup 3 Make any changes you want 4 Click OK and OK again to close the dialog boxes When you have finished installing the networking software on all computers, your next step is to share drives, folders, files, and peripherals For information about sharing, see Chapter 12 225 226 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking — Hardware and Software Using Access Control The... you see a red X or a yellow exclamation point (either is called a splat) on the network card, you know something is wrong with the NIC 4 Right-click your network interface card Figure 10-10: Make sure the network card is okay 213 2 14 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking — Hardware and Software 5 Choose Properties The network card’s Properties dialog box appears 6 Check to see if the device is... and so on; but in a home networking environment, you most likely won’t have any trouble with it Tip If you’re adding a Windows XP computer to an existing network, don’t run the ICS wizard on the other computers You want the XP computer to conform to your network instead of the other way around Adding Windows 2000 Windows 2000 Professional is the client version of the former NT 4 operating system The... computer 7 Click OK to add the protocol Windows automatically adds the Client for Microsoft Networks to the list of network components, as shown in Figure 10- 14 Figure 10- 14: Add the protocol and client 217 218 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking — Hardware and Software Protocol Properties Each protocol has specific properties you can configure In most cases, the Windows default for these properties... liable to have more problems than successes with it Networking with Windows Me is pretty automatic, but the operating system does have some problems when it comes to networking Tip Make sure you download and install the Windows Me patch from Microsoft at http:// support.Microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q272/9/91.asp Read the article there for help with some networking problems as well Windows Me is an easy-to-use... family’s last name, for example The workgroup name must be the same on all computers on the network, unless you have multiple workgroups, as in a client/server network Chapter 10 ✦ Configuring Networking Software 4 You can enter a computer description, if you want 5 Click OK You must restart your computer when Windows prompts you Click Yes to restart the computer The installation is now complete You need... contains work orders, shared documents, and so on Chapter 10 ✦ Configuring Networking Software For Windows 98, follow these steps: 1 Open the Network dialog box from the Control Panel 2 In the Configuration tab, click the Add button The Select Network Component Type dialog box appears 3 Select Protocol in the network component list 4 Click the Add button The Select Network Protocol dialog box appears 5... portables on the network Adding a Macintosh to your network Using Linux with your network ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ 228 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking — Hardware and Software Small Business Tip You are more likely to have other operating systems in a small-business setting than at home Macs and Linux integrate well, but older computers with older operating systems add more difficulty Although you can integrate . the networking software ✦✦✦✦ 2 04 Part II ✦ Planning and Setting Up Networking Hardware and Software Setting up the networking software on Windows 98 is a manual task. Setting up networking software on. to do its work. Understanding Networking Software In Windows, you have four different networking software components that you must add to the computer to enable networking: adapter, client, protocol,. require specific networking software; other NOSs provide alternative software. Note 10 10 CHAPTER ✦✦✦✦ In This Chapter Understanding networking software Installing and configuring the networking software ✦✦✦✦ 2 04 Part

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