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278 Part III ✦ Working with Networked Computers Figure 13-3: Identify your computer and the workgroup in the Network dialog box. Setting logon preferences in Windows XP If you’re using a Windows XP computer, you can change logon information in the User Accounts dialog box. Follow these steps: 1. Click Start ➪ Control Panel. The Control Panel appears, as shown in Figure 13-4. Figure 13-4: Set the computer logon preferences in Windows XP. 2. Click User Accounts. The User Accounts dialog box appears (see Figure 13-5). 279 Chapter 13 ✦ Accessing the Network Figure 13-5: Change or create a computer user. 3. Choose an account to change, and you can change the username, password account type, and other information, as shown in Figure 13-6. Figure 13-6: Change a user’s account. 280 Part III ✦ Working with Networked Computers The account type describes whether the user is an administrator or has limited permissions for the computer. This account type does not affect the network permissions. 4. Click the X to close the dialog boxes. Changing user information on Windows XP in a domain If you’re using Windows XP Professional on a domain, such as in a Windows 2000 Server net- work, you have to configure the user(s) twice in two different places. First, you perform the steps described in the preceding section for creating or changing user accounts on the XP computer. Second, you must create or change accounts in the Computer Management dialog box to match the computer accounts. Basically, you can add finer detail to the permissions in the Computer Management dialog box. To create or change a user in Computer Management for the domain account, follow these steps: 1. Click Start ➪ Control Panel. The Control Panel dialog box appears. 2. Click Performance ➪ Maintenance. The Performance and Maintenance dialog box appears. 3. Scroll to the bottom of the dialog box. Click Administrative Tools. The Administrative Tools dialog box appears. 4. Double-click Computer Management. The Computer Management console appears (see Figure 13-7). Figure 13-7: Computer Management is for an XP on a domain. 5. Expand Local Users and Groups and select Users. A list of computer users appears in the right window pane. 6. Right-click the user you want to configure, and choose Properties from the pop-up win- dow. The user’s Properties dialog box appears (see Figure 13-8). Note 281 Chapter 13 ✦ Accessing the Network Figure 13-8: Configuring a user for the domain in XP The options and permissions in this dialog box refer to the domain network. Generally, only an administrator has the rights to configure users. If you do not understand the rights, then don’t make any changes until you’re sure of what you’re doing. To learn more about Windows XP permissions, see www.microsoft.com/technet/. Setting logon preferences in Mac OS X To change user accounts in a Mac OS X computer, you use My Account. Follow these steps: 1. Click System Preferences. The System Preferences dialog box appears. 2. Click My Account. The My Account dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 13-9. Figure 13-9: Making changes to a logon in a Mac Caution 282 Part III ✦ Working with Networked Computers 3. You can change the password, choose another picture for the logon, or work in your address book. 4. Click the X to close the dialog box. For information about logging on to your Linux machine, see the documentation for your specific distribution. Understanding usernames Your username is the name by which you’re known to your computer and/or on the network. You might use your first name, a nickname, or some other identifier. You can use any combi- nation of letters and numbers; uppercase, lowercase, or initial caps; and even spaces within the name. Windows 98 stores each user’s unique identification information in a password list (PWL) file. The name of the PWL file is the username plus the PWL extension, such as Plumlsj.pwl or Hugh.pwl. The file is stored in the C:\Windows directory. A PWL file contains a user’s passwords for various programs in Windows, including the following: ✦ Resources protected by share-level security, such as a folder on another network com- puter and the password you use to access that folder ✦ Internet Explorer and e-mail program passwords ✦ Any passwords for client/server networks, including NT Server and NetWare networks, but not primary logon passwords The passwords in a PWL file are encrypted, or scrambled in a code format, so that no one can read them. If a user on the network forgets his or her logon password, you always can delete that user’s PWL file. The file is re-created when the user logs on again; however, the user also will have to enter passwords for a while until the file is totally rebuilt. Deleting the PWL file doesn’t delete the user, the password, or any other important information, just the file that stores information for easy and quick access to programs. A common problem with network users is that they automatically enter the password when their computer starts up without looking at the Username box. If someone else logged on to the network using that computer, the username will be different. Make sure that your users are accustomed to looking at the username before entering the password. If the wrong user- name is listed with the wrong password, access is denied to the network. In Windows XP, there is no PWL file or even an equivalent. XP is based on NT technology, meaning it is a more secure, more closed system. It is important that if you’re using XP, you create at least one user who has administrative rights and keep that user separate from all others. For example, when you first log on to XP, the default is Administrator. You should immediately set up user accounts. You might set up only one user account, but you can set up more. Whether these new accounts are administrative is up to you, but make sure you set up at least one — named ME, SuperPower, Backdoor, or some other name that you’ll remember—that has administrative rights. You can make the password anything you want as well, but make sure you remember it. If you fail to set up at least one administrative account, you’ll be out of luck when you want to make major changes to the operating system if your own account somehow gets locked out. Small Business Tip Tip Note 283 Chapter 13 ✦ Accessing the Network Whenever you’re working with Windows, things happen that no one can explain. For exam- ple, say you turn your XP machine on one day and it won’t let you log on. It doesn’t recog- nize your username and/or your password. Why? There could be many reasons, but no on really knows exactly what happened. You can go back to the last time you were logged on and try to remember if you loaded new software or downloaded a program and perhaps got a virus. The point is that it doesn’t matter how it happened as long as you have a workaround. A good workaround here is the backdoor administrator’s account you created. Log on as your back door, create yourself a new user, and away you go. Understanding passwords You use passwords for security purposes on a client/server network. On a Windows 98 work- group network, the password doesn’t keep anyone from accessing the network, but it does help create the PWL file to store your password list. In Windows XP or on the Mac, your com- puter is safer than it is in Windows 98. Microsoft and Apple realized that security is a con- cern, even in small businesses and home networks. So in XP or the Mac, the password does work. You cannot get into an XP or a Mac without a user account and password. On a Windows 98 workgroup network, anyone can log on to any computer at any time. One of your teenager’s friends can turn on a networked computer, for example, and then enter his or her name and any password. If that person opens the Network Neighborhood, all networked computers that are currently turned on appear, giving free access to shared folders and drives. You can protect your computer from unauthorized physical access by setting a screen saver password. This technique protects the computer only from physical entry; it doesn’t keep anyone from accessing your shared folders over the network if that person successfully hacks into your system. To specify a password that’s associated with the screen saver, double-click the Display icon in the Control Panel. Select the Screen Saver tab, and choose a screen saver. Click the Password Protected option, and choose Change. Enter the password, and then click OK in the dialog box. You can change your Windows password or a network logon password anytime you want. If you’re a user on a client/server network, however, you should make sure that the password is changed on the authentication server before changing it on the client computer. If the server doesn’t recognize a new password, the user isn’t allowed access to the network. To change your password in Windows 98, follow these steps: 1. Choose Start ➪ Settings ➪ Control Panel. 2. Double-click the Passwords icon. The Passwords Properties dialog box appears. 3. On the Change Passwords tab, click the Change Windows Password button. The Change Windows Password dialog box appears. 4. Enter your current password in the Old Password text box. 5. Enter your new password in the New Password text box. 6. Enter the new password again in the Confirm New Password text box. 7. Click OK to close the dialog box, and then click OK again to close the Passwords Properties dialog box. Close the Control Panel. Tip Tip 284 Part III ✦ Working with Networked Computers In Windows XP, follow these steps to change your password. You can log on to the computer as an administrator to change someone else’s password, or you can change your own pass- word after you log on as yourself. 1. Click Start ➪ Control Panel. The Control Panel appears. 2. Click User Accounts. The User Accounts dialog box appears. 3. Click the account to change. The user’s account dialog box appears. 4. Click Change the password. The Change Password dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 13-10. Figure 13-10: Changing a password in XP 5. Type the new password; type the password again to confirm. 6. Optionally, enter a hint. 7. Click Change Password and click X to close out of the dialog box. To change a password on a Mac OS X computer, follow these steps. You must be logged on as yourself to change your password. 1. Click System Preferences. The System Preferences dialog box appears. 2. Click My Account. The My Account dialog box appears. 3. Beside My Password, click Change. A drop-down box appears. 4. Enter your current password. Enter the new password, and verify it by entering it a second time. 5. Optionally, enter a password hint. 285 Chapter 13 ✦ Accessing the Network 6. Click OK. 7. Close the My Account dialog box. Logging off the network You might log off the network for several reasons. If you are on a client/server network, you might log off the network if you don’t need to access any network resources or if the server is down. You also can log off if you’re sharing your computer and want to give someone else time on the network. If you’re on a workgroup network, you may not have a reason to log off. However, you can log off if you want to log back on as someone else. For example, you might share your computer with someone else. You log off so the other person can log on and therefore access his or her network resources. If you don’t share your computer with someone else, you don’t need to log off in a workgroup situation, unless you’re having trouble connecting to a resource. Sometimes logging off and then back on again cleans up connections and makes it easier to get to a resource. When you shut down your computer, you’re automatically logged off and your resources are no longer available. To log off of the network in Windows, follow these steps: 1. Save all open files and close all programs. You must follow this step before logging off so that you don’t lose any data. 2. Choose Start ➪ Log Off (your username). 3. Windows displays the Log Off Windows dialog box, which asks if you’re sure you want to log off. 4. Click Yes to log off or No to cancel the dialog box and return to the desktop. 5. Windows displays the Enter Network Password dialog box. You or the new user should enter a username and password to log back on to the network. To log off a Mac, follow these steps: 1. Click the Apple menu. 2. Click Log Out. A confirmation dialog box appears. 3. Click Log Out. Mapping Drives Mapping drives is a method of reconnecting to a network drive and folder as a shortcut. You assign a drive letter — such as J, K, L, M, N, or some other drive not currently in use —to rep- resent the path to the resource. Mapping drives to frequently used folders on other computers on the network saves your users time. You should teach them how to map drives so they can create their own network connections whenever they need them. For example, suppose that you store files on Sue’s computer in the C:\Netshares folder. Each time you want to access that folder, you must double-click Sue’s computer and then double- click the Netshares folder. If you map a drive to the Netshares folder and call the drive map K, Small Business Tip 286 Part III ✦ Working with Networked Computers for example, all you have to do is double-click K in the My Computer or Windows Explorer window and you skip directly to the Netshares folder. Unfortunately, you can map only to one folder level. You cannot map to C:\Netshares\ Documents, for example, but you can save time by mapping to a networked computer drive and a folder. You also can map a drive to a folder that requires a password. When you map the drive, Windows prompts for the password. After that, Windows remembers the password and fills it in for you when reconnecting to the folder. For information about using My Computer, Windows Explorer, and Network Neighborhood, see Chapter 14. Understanding network paths A path defines the complete location of a folder or file. When you enter a path for your com- puter, you start the path with the drive and then list the folders, such as C:\My Documents or C:\My Documents\Pictures. When you enter a path for a network drive, the path must list the computer and then the work path. So, if you want to write a path to the folder C:\Netshares\Documents\Letters\ Utilities on Sue’s computer, you type \\Sue\Netshares\Documents\Letters\Utilities. Remember though, for the purpose of mapping, you can map only to \\Sue\Netshares. If you’re ever unsure of a path, you can open the Network Neighborhood or My Network Places and find your way to the folder you want. The path then appears in the address bar of the Network Neighborhood or My Network Places window, as shown in Figure 13-11. Figure 13-11: Find the path to your folder. Cross- Reference 287 Chapter 13 ✦ Accessing the Network Mapping a drive in Windows You can map a drive quickly and easily without opening the Network Neighborhood or My Computer window. You also can open the Network Neighborhood, My Computer, or Windows Explorer and map a drive by using the File menu. The computer to which you are mapping must be turned on. If the computer isn’t on, Windows sometimes prompts you to connect through dial-up networking. If you choose not to connect via your modem, Windows reports an error in the mapping procedure. For quick and easy drive mapping, follow these steps. Windows 98, 2000, and XP are similar in their methods. 1. On the Windows desktop, right-click the My Computer or Network Neighborhood icon. 2. Click Map Network Drive. The Map Network Drive dialog box in Windows 98 appears, as shown in Figure 13-12. Figure 13-12: Mapping a network drive in Windows 98 Figure 13-13 shows the Map Network Drive dialog box in Windows XP Professional. Figure 13-13: Mapping a network drive in XP 3. In the Drive drop-down list box, choose a drive letter to represent the folder you’re going to map. Only available drive letters appear; you don’t see drive letters already used for hard drives, CD-ROM drives, tape drives, and so on. [...]... drop-down list, choose the computer’s address or the server name you want to view, as shown in Figure 13- 15 3 In the window pane, double-click the computer to which you want to connect 4 Select the folder you want to map Click Add to Favorites 5 Click Connect Chapter 13 ✦ Accessing the Network Figure 13- 15: Locate the server containing the folder you want To view the mapped, or favorite, folder on the Mac,... attachments, Internet downloads, files on floppy disks, CD-ROMs, and network files You also can retrieve new antivirus definitions from Symantec over the Internet This program costs about $ 65 per computer, or you can buy a 5- or 10-pack $200 and $400, respectively Norton is made for Windows and Macs Note Symantec also makes the Symantec AntiVirus Corporate Edition for client/server networks Install the program... Neighborhood and click Properties Click the Identification tab to see the computer’s name To display the Find dialog box, choose Start ➪ Find ➪ Computer The Find dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 14 -5 Figure 14 -5: Find network computers quickly Chapter 14 ✦ Finding Computers on the Network Type the computer’s name in the Named text box, and then click Find Now If the computer is found, the Find Computer... is a sample: NET USE N: \\SUE\ NETSHARE 3 Optionally, add other drive mappings, such as NET USE N: \\SUE\NETSHARE, \\SUE\MSPUBS, and \\CARLOS\DOCS 4 Choose File ➪ Save As The Save As dialog box appears 5 In the File Name text box, enter a name; the name must be no more than eight characters long, plus the BAT extension Make sure that you enter the BAT extension; otherwise, Notepad enters a TXT extension... Create Shortcut Windows creates the shortcut to your batch file and places it at the end of the file list, with the shortcut selected 4 Right-click the selected file and choose Cut from the quick menu 5 In the left window of the Explorer, locate the StartUp folder It is located in C:\Windows\ Start Menu\Programs 6 Select the StartUp folder Choose Edit ➪ Paste Windows pastes the shortcut to the batch... 13-21: Place the shortcut (net.bat in this example) in the StartUp folder 297 298 Part III ✦ Working with Networked Computers Using Mac network commands Each operating system for the Mac has distinctive networking commands and features You should use these commands or applications only if you’re comfortable with the computer and you understand the consequences of your actions Note Earlier versions of... should use a virus program daily, and you should keep the program’s list of viruses (called definitions) and cures updated Small Business Tip Discuss with your employees the danger of bringing disks from home and downloading files from the Internet — especially e-mail Also, require all users to keep an antivirus program running on their computers all the time so that it catches viruses as they appear on... — whether to alert you or the entire network, quarantine or delete the infected file, and so on Note You also must be careful with antivirus programs Some programs can cause problems with computer or networking hardware, operating systems, and even other programs on the computer To help guard against problems, buy only reputable brand name antivirus programs Free antivirus programs are not usually... and folders, as shown in Figure 13-14 In XP, you can also browse to the network folder to which you want to connect Figure 13-14: If you’ve recently accessed the folder, find it in the drop-down list 5 Click the check box beside Reconnect at Logon if you want the mapped drive to connect automatically when you log on to the network If you use quick logon, the mapped drive won’t automatically be reconnected... VirusScan (from Network Associates) includes virus detection, removal, and support services It scans all drives, boot sectors, file allocation and partition tables, and compressed files McAfee costs about $50 for one computer, and Network Associates also offers multiple license packs Macintosh also has various antivirus programs Norton is available for Macs, as is McAfee Linux distributions also require . Click User Accounts. The User Accounts dialog box appears (see Figure 13 -5) . 279 Chapter 13 ✦ Accessing the Network Figure 13 -5: Change or create a computer user. 3. Choose an account to change,. password. Enter the new password, and verify it by entering it a second time. 5. Optionally, enter a password hint. 2 85 Chapter 13 ✦ Accessing the Network 6. Click OK. 7. Close the My Account dialog. as shown in Figure 13- 15. 3. In the window pane, double-click the computer to which you want to connect. 4. Select the folder you want to map. Click Add to Favorites. 5. Click Connect. 289 Chapter