Selecting Structural Properties CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 1292 Mo 6+ 0.065 Ru 4+ 0.065 Rh 4+ 0.065 W 6+ 0.065 Ir 4+ 0.066 Fe 2+ 0.067 Os 4+ 0.067 Po 6+ 0.067 Mo 4+ 0.068 Rh 3+ 0.068 Ta 5+ 0.068 W 4+ 0.068 Ti 3+ 0.069 As 3+ 0.069 Nb 5+ 0.069 Mn 3+ 0.070 Re 4+ 0.072 Nb 4+ 0.074 Sn 4+ 0.074 Ti 2+ 0.076 Li + 0.078 Mg 2+ 0.078 Ni 2+ 0.078 Co 2+ 0.082 SELECTING IONIC RADII OF THE ELEMENTS * (SHEET 2 OF 5) Ion Ionic Radius (nm) Source: After a tabulation by R. A. Flinn and P. K. Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their Applications, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975. 12.1 sel Structure Page 1292 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Shackelford & Alexander Selecting Structural Properties 1293 Sc 2+ 0.083 Zn 2+ 0.083 Hf 4+ 0.084 Pb 4+ 0.084 Fe 2+ 0.087 Zr 4+ 0.087 Te 4+ 0.089 Tb 4+ 0.089 Sb 3+ 0.090 Mn 2+ 0.091 In 3+ 0.091 I 5+ 0.094 Cu + 0.096 Na + 0.098 Lu 3+ 0.099 Pr 4+ 0.100 Yb 3+ 0.100 Ce 4+ 0.102 Cd 2+ 0.103 Er 3+ 0.104 Tm 3+ 0.104 Ho 3+ 0.105 U 4+ 0.105 Ca 2+ 0.106 SELECTING IONIC RADII OF THE ELEMENTS * (SHEET 3 OF 5) Ion Ionic Radius (nm) Source: After a tabulation by R. A. Flinn and P. K. Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their Applications, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975. 12.1 sel Structure Page 1293 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Selecting Structural Properties CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 1294 Y 3+ 0.106 Pm 3+ 0.106 Tl 3+ 0.106 Dy 3+ 0.107 Tb 3+ 0.109 Th 4+ 0.110 Gd 3+ 0.111 Hg 2+ 0.112 Ag + 0.113 Sm 3+ 0.113 Eu 3+ 0.113 Nd 3+ 0.115 Pr 3+ 0.116 Ce 3+ 0.118 Ac 3+ 0.118 Bi 3+ 0.120 La 3+ 0.122 Sr 2+ 0.127 Ba 2+ 0.13 O 2– 0.132 Pb 2+ 0.132 F – 0.133 K + 0.133 Au + 0.137 SELECTING IONIC RADII OF THE ELEMENTS * (SHEET 4 OF 5) Ion Ionic Radius (nm) Source: After a tabulation by R. A. Flinn and P. K. Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their Applications, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975. 12.1 sel Structure Page 1294 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Shackelford & Alexander Selecting Structural Properties 1295 * The ionic radii are based on the calculations of V. M. Goldschmidt, who assigned radii based on known interatomic distances in various ionic crystals. Rb + 0.149 Tl + 0.149 Ra + 0.152 H – 0.154 Cs + 0.165 S 2– 0.174 Fr + 0.180 Cl – 0.181 Se 2– 0.191 Br – 0.196 Si 4– 0.198 Te 2– 0.211 Sn 4– 0.215 Pb 4– 0.215 I – 0.220 SELECTING IONIC RADII OF THE ELEMENTS * (SHEET 5 OF 5) Ion Ionic Radius (nm) Source: After a tabulation by R. A. Flinn and P. K. Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their Applications, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975. 12.1 sel Structure Page 1295 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Selecting Structural Properties CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 1296 SELECTING BOND LENGTHS BETWEEN ELEMENTS (SHEET 1 OF 2) Elements Compound Bond length (Å) O-H H 2 O 2 0.960 ± 0.005 O-H OD 0.9699 N-H HNCS 1.013 ± 0.005 N-N N 3 H 1.02 ± 0.01 O-H [OH] + 1.0289 N-H [NH 4 ] + 1.034 ± 0.003 N-H NH 1.038 N-H ND 1.041 N=O [NO] + 1.0619 N-N [N 2 ] + 1.116 N-N N 2 O 1.126 ± 0.002 N=O N 2 O 1.186 ± 0.002 N-O NO 2 1.188 ± 0.005 B-O BO 1.2049 B-H Hydrides 1.21 ± .02 O-O [O 2 ] + 1.227 N-O NO 2 Cl 1.24 ± 0.01 O-O [O 2 ] - 1.26 ± 0.2 B-F BF 1.262 B-F BF 3 1.29 ± 0.01 S-D SD 2 1.345 S-D SD 1.3473 N-F NF 3 1.36 ± 0.02 B-O B(OH) 3 1.362 ± 0.005 (av) To convert Å to nm, multiply by 10 -1 Source: from Kennard, O., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed., Weast, R. C., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1988, F-167. 12.1 sel Structure Page 1296 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Shackelford & Alexander Selecting Structural Properties 1297 B-H bridge Hydrides 1.39 ± .02 B-N (BClNH) 3 1.42 ± .01 P-H [PH 4 ] + 1.42 ± 0.02 P-D PD 1.429 S-O SO 2 1.4321 S-O SOCl 2 1.45 ± 0.02 O-O H 2 O 2 1.48 ± 0.01 Si-H SiH 4 1.480 ± 0.005 O-O [O 2 ] - - 1.49 ± 0.02 P-N PN 1.4910 Si-O [SiO] + 1.504 Si-F SiF 4 1.561 ± 0.003 (av) N-Si SiN 1.572 S-F SOF 2 1.585 ± 0.005 B-Cl BCl 1.715 B-Cl BCl 3 1.72 ± 0.01 B-B B 2 H 6 1.770 ± 0.013 N-Cl NO 2 Cl 1.79 ± 0.02 P-S PSBr 3 (Cl 3 ,F 3 ) 1.86 ± 0.02 B-Br BBr 3 1.87 ± 0.02 B-Br BBF 1.88 Si-Cl SiCl 4 2.03 ± 1.01 (av) S-S S 2 Cl 2 2.04 ± 0.01 Si-Br SiBr 4 2.17 ± 1.01 S-Br SOBr 2 2.27 ± 0.02 Si-Si [Si 2 Cl 2 ] 2.30 ± 0.02 SELECTING BOND LENGTHS BETWEEN ELEMENTS (SHEET 2 OF 2) Elements Compound Bond length (Å) To convert Å to nm, multiply by 10 -1 Source: from Kennard, O., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed., Weast, R. C., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1988, F-167. 12.1 sel Structure Page 1297 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Selecting Structural Properties CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 1298 SELECTING BOND ANGLES BETWEEN ELEMENTS Bond Compound Bond angle (•) F-S-F SOF 2 92.8 ± 1 Br-S-Br SOBr 2 96 ± 2 O-O-H H 2 O 2 100 ± 2 F-N-F NF 3 102.5 ± 1.5 H-N-N’ N 3 H 112.65 ± 0.5 O-S-O SO 2 119.54 O-B-O B(OH) 3 119.7 Br-B-Br BBr 3 120 ± 6 Cl- B-Cl BCl 3 120 ± 3 F-B-F BF 3 120 B-N-B (BClNH) 3 121 H-B-H B 2 H 6 121.5 ± 7.5 O-N-O NO 2 Cl 126 ± 2 H-N-C HNCS 130.25 ± 0.25 O-N-O NO 2 134.1 ± 0.25 Source: from Kennard, O., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed., Weast, R. C., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1988, F-167. 12.1 sel Structure Page 1298 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Shackelford & Alexander Selecting Structural Properties 1299 SELECTING DENSITY OF THE ELEMENTS (SHEET 1 OF 3) Element At. No. Sym. Solid Density (Mg/m 3 ) Lithium 3 Li 0.533 Potassium 19 K 0.862 Sodium 11 Na 0.966 Calcium 20 Ca 1.53 Rubidium 37 Rb 1.53 Magnesium 12 Mg 1.74 Phosphorus (White) 15 P 1.82 Beryllium 4 Be 1.85 Cesium 55 Ce 1.91 Sulfur 16 S 2.09 Carbon 6 C 2.27 Silicon 14 Si 2.33 Boron 5 B 2.47 Strontium 38 Sr 2.58 Aluminum 13 Al 2.7 Scandium 21 Sc 2.99 Barium 56 Ba 3.59 Yttrium 39 Y 4.48 Titanium 22 Ti 4.51 Selenium 34 Se 4.81 Iodine 53 I 4.95 Europium 63 Eu 5.25 Germanium 32 Ge 5.32 Arsenic 33 As 5.78 Gallium 31 Ga 5.91 Vanadium 23 V 6.09 Lanthanum 57 La 6.17 Source: data from James F. Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, Second Edition, Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, pp.686-688, (1988). 12.1 sel Structure Page 1299 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Selecting Structural Properties CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 1300 Tellurium 52 Te 6.25 Zirconium 40 Zr 6.51 Antimony 51 Sb 6.69 Cerium 58 Ce 6.77 Praseodymium 59 Pr 6.78 Ytterbium 70 Yb 6.97 Neodymium 60 Nd 7.00 Zinc 30 Zn 7.13 Chromium 24 Cr 7.19 Indium 49 In 7.29 Tin 50 Sn 7.29 Manganese 25 Mn 7.47 Samarium 62 Sm 7.54 Iron 26 Fe 7.87 Gadolinium 64 Gd 7.87 Terbium 65 Tb 8.27 Dysprosium 66 Dy 8.53 Niobium 41 Nb 8.58 Cadmium 48 Cd 8.65 Cobalt 27 Co 8.8 Holmium 67 Ho 8.80 Nickel 28 Ni 8.91 Copper 29 Cu 8.93 Erbium 68 Er 9.04 Polonium 84 Po 9.2 Thulium 69 Tm 9.33 Bismuth 83 Bi 9.80 Lutetium 71 Lu 9.84 SELECTING DENSITY OF THE ELEMENTS (SHEET 2 OF 3) Element At. No. Sym. Solid Density (Mg/m 3 ) Source: data from James F. Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, Second Edition, Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, pp.686-688, (1988). 12.1 sel Structure Page 1300 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC [...]... 47 ± 12 ±7 ± 23 ±9 To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184 Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204 ©2001 CRC Press LLC 1306 CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 13.1 sel Thermodynamics Page 1307 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic... multiply by 4.184 Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204 ©2001 CRC Press LLC 1 312 CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 13.1 sel Thermodynamics Page 1313 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties Table 343 SELECTING BOND STRENGTHS... Be–Cl B–N C–Cl 92 92.8 93 93 ±4 ± 2.2 ± 12 N–Cl O–Sr Ge–Te Br–In 93 93 93 93 ± 12 ±6 ±2 ± 1.0 ±1 To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184 Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204 ©2001 CRC Press LLC 1314 CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 13.1 sel Thermodynamics... multiply by 4.184 Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204 ©2001 CRC Press LLC 1308 CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 13.1 sel Thermodynamics Page 1309 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties Table 343 SELECTING BOND STRENGTHS... Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Shackelford & Alexander 131 7 13.1 sel Thermodynamics Page 1318 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties Table 343 SELECTING BOND STRENGTHS IN DIATOMIC MOLECULES * (SHEET 15 OF 18) Molecule kcal • mol-1 Range O–Tm S–Pr B–Ir O–S 122 122 .7 123 124 .69 ± 15 ±4 ± 0.03 F–Ca S–Gd F–Eu F–Sm 125 126 126 .1 126 .9... multiply by 4.184 Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204 ©2001 CRC Press LLC 1320 CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 13.1 sel Thermodynamics Page 1321 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties Table 343 SELECTING BOND STRENGTHS... 4.184 Source: data from: Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F–213 ©2001 CRC Press LLC 1324 CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 13.1 sel Thermodynamics Page 1325 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties Table 344 SELECTING BOND STRENGTHS... 4.184 Source: data from: Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F–213 ©2001 CRC Press LLC 1326 CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 13.1 sel Thermodynamics Page 1327 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties Table 344 SELECTING BOND STRENGTHS... N–U O–Sn Si–Se S–Y 127 127 127 127 ±1 ±2 ±4 ±3 C–F C–Ti F–Pu F–Sr 128 ~128 129 129 .5 ±5 ±7 ± 1.6 O–Eu F–Nd O–Ba S–Ge 130 130 131 131.7 ± 10 ±3 ±6 ± 0.6 C–V O–Sm O–Cm S–U 133 134 ≤ 134 135 H–F Be–F F–Ti S–La 135.9 136 136 137 ±8 ±2 ± 0.3 ±2 ±8 ±3 To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184 Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed.,... Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204 ©2001 CRC Press LLC 1310 CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 13.1 sel Thermodynamics Page 1311 Wednesday, December 31, 1969 17:00 Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties Table 343 SELECTING BOND STRENGTHS IN DIATOMIC . James F. et al. “SelectingThermodynamic and Kinetic Properties” Materials Science And Engineering Handbook Ed. James F. Shackelford, et al. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001 List of Tables 1303 CHAPTER. December 31, 1969 17:00 ©2001 CRC Press LLC Selecting Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 1310 Be–Au ~ 67 H–Cr 67 ± 12 H –Cu 67 ± 2 C–Br 67 ± 5 N–Br. Structural Properties CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering 129 4 Y 3+ 0.106 Pm 3+ 0.106 Tl 3+ 0.106 Dy 3+ 0.107 Tb 3+ 0.109 Th 4+ 0.110 Gd 3+ 0.111 Hg 2+ 0. 112 Ag + 0.113 Sm 3+ 0.113 Eu 3+ 0.113 Nd 3+ 0.115 Pr 3+ 0.116 Ce 3+ 0.118 Ac 3+ 0.118 Bi 3+ 0 .120 La 3+ 0 .122 Sr 2+ 0 .127 Ba 2+ 0.13 O 2– 0.132 Pb 2+ 0.132 F – 0.133 K + 0.133 Au + 0.137 SELECTING