A 108 Standard quality cold-finished carbon steel bars A 295 High carbon-chromium ball and roller bearing steel A 304 Alloy steel bars having hardenability requirements A 322 Hot-rolle
Trang 16386B(2) Plate, sheet (heat treated; 620
and 690 MPa yield strength)
0.21
0.12-0.65
0.40- 0.40- 0.40- 0.25
0.15-0.20-0.35 Si, 0.03 Ti, 0.03-0.08 V, 0.0005-0.005 B
6386B(3) Plate, sheet (heat treated; 620
and 690 MPa yield strength)
0.20
0.10- 0.10- 0.10-
1.10-1.50
0.15-0.30 S, 0.005 B
6386(4) Plate, sheet (heat treated; 620
and 690 MPa yield strength)
0.20
0.13-1.20
0.85- 0.85- 0.85- 0.25
0.15-0.40 Cu, 0.35 Si, 0.04-0.10 Ti, 0.0015-0.005 B
6386B(5) Plate, sheet (heat treated; 620
and 690 MPa yield strength)
0.21
0.12- 0.12- 0.12-
0.45-0.70
0.20-0.35 Si, 0.005 B
6390B Tubing (mechanical, special
surface quality)
0.43
6408 Bars, forgings, tubing
(annealed, ESR, CVM, VAR,
P)
0.45
6409 Bars, forgings, tubing
(normalized and tempered,
quality cleanliness)
0.43
Trang 26415L Bars, forgings, tubing
6430C Bars, forgings, tubing, rings
(special grade)
0.38
6431G Bars, forgings, tubing (CVM)
0.45-0.50
Trang 36432A Bars, forgings, tubing
6436B Plate sheet, strip (low alloy,
heat resistant, annealed)
0.30
6440J Bars, forgings tubing (for
bearing applications)
1.10
6445E Bars, wire, forgings, tubing
(CVM)
1.02
Trang 46448F Bars, forgings, tubing
6471C Bars, forgings, tubing
(nitriding, CVM)
0.43
6472B Bars, forgings (nitriding, heat
treated; 770 MPa tensile
strength)
0.43
6475E Bars, forgings, tubing
(nitriding)
0.26
Trang 56512B Bars, forgings, tubing, rings
0.17-0.75 9.0 1.0 0.09 V, 4.5 Co HP 9-4-20 K91472
6524B Sheet, strip, plate (annealed,
CVM)
0.34
0.29-1.0 7.5 1.0 0.09 V, 4.5 Co HP 9-4-30 K91283
6525A Bars, forgings, tubing, rings
(CVM)
0.23
0.17-0.75 9.0 1.0 0.09 V, 4.5 Co HP 9-4-20 K91283
6526C Bars, forgings, tubing, rings
(annealed, CVM)
0.34
0.29-1.0 7.5 1.0 4.5 Co, 0.09 V HP 9-4-30 K91313
6527 Bars, forgings (P, VM)
0.13-0.17
6528 Bars (normalized, special
aircraft quality cleanliness)
0.33
6529 Bars (normalized, special
aircraft quality cleanliness)
0.43
Trang 66543A Bars, forgings (solution
treated, DVM)
0.14
(b) MAM, metric aerospace material specifications
Specifications for Steels
A specification is a written statement of the requirements, both technical and commercial, that a product must meet; it is a document that controls procurement There are nearly as many formats for specifications as there are groups writing them, but any reasonably adequate specification will provide information about the items listed below:
• Scope may cover product classification, including size range when necessary, condition, and any
comments on product processing deemed helpful to either the supplier or user An information title plus
a statement of the required form may be used instead of a scope clause
• Chemical composition may be detailed, or it may be indicated by a well-recognized designation based
on chemical composition The SAE-AISI designations are frequently used
• The quality statement includes any appropriate quality descriptor and whatever additional requirements
might be necessary It may also include the type of steel and the steelmaking processes permitted
• Quantitative requirements identify allowable ranges of the composition properties and all physical and
mechanical properties necessary to characterize the material Test methods used to determine these properties should also be included, at least by reference to standard test methods For reasons of economy, this section should be limited to those properties that are germane to the intended application
• Additional requirements can include special tolerances, surface preparation, and edge finish on
flat-rolled products, as well as special identification, packaging, and loading instructions
Engineering societies, associations, and institutes whose members make, specify, or purchase steel products publish standard specifications, many of which have become well known and highly respected Some of the important specification-writing groups are listed below It is obvious from the names of some of these that the specifications prepared by a particular group may be limited to its own specialized field:
Trang 7Association of American Railroads AAR
American Bureau of Shipbuilding ABS
American Petroleum Institute API
American Railway Engineering Association AREA
American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME
American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM
Society of Automotive Engineers SAE
Aerospace Material Specification (of SAE) AMS
ASTM (ASME) Specifications
The most widely used standard specifications for steel products in the United States are those published by ASTM These are complete specifications, generally adequate for procurement purposes Many ASTM specifications apply to specific products, such as A 574 for alloy steel socket head cap screws These specifications are generally oriented toward performance of the fabricated end product, with considerable latitude in chemical composition of the steel used to make the end product
ASTM specifications represent a consensus among producers, specifiers, fabricators, and users of steel mill products In many cases, the dimensions, tolerances, limits, and restrictions in the ASTM specifications are similar to or the same as the corresponding items of the standard practices in the AISI Steel Products Manuals Many of the ASTM specifications have been adopted by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) with little or no modification; ASME uses the prefix S and the ASTM designation for these specifications For example, ASME-SA213 and ASTM A 213 are identical
Steel products can be identified by the number of the ASTM specification to which they are made The number consists
of the letter A (for ferrous materials) and an arbitrary, serially assigned number Citing the specification number, however, is not always adequate to completely describe a steel product For example, A 434 is the specification for heat- treated (hardened and tempered) alloy steel bars To completely describe steel bars indicated by this specification, the grade (SAE-AISI designation in this case) and class (required strength level) must also be indicated The ASTM specification A 434 also incorporates, by reference, two standards for test methods (A 370 for mechanical testing and E
112 for grain size determination) and A 29, which specifies the general requirements for bar products
SAE-AISI designations for the compositions of carbon and alloy steels are sometimes incorporated into the ASTM specifications for bars, wires, and billets for forging Some ASTM specifications for sheet products include SAE-AISI designations for composition The ASTM specifications for plates and structural shapes generally specify the limits and ranges of chemical composition directly, without the SAE-AISI designations Table 28 includes a list of some of the ASTM specifications that incorporate AISI-SAE designations for compositions of the different grades of steel
Table 28 ASTM specifications that incorporate AISI-SAE designations
A 29 Carbon and alloy steel bars, hot rolled and cold finished
Trang 8A 108 Standard quality cold-finished carbon steel bars
A 295 High carbon-chromium ball and roller bearing steel
A 304 Alloy steel bars having hardenability requirements
A 322 Hot-rolled alloy steel bars
A 331 Cold-finished alloy steel bars
A 434 Hot-rolled or cold-finished quenched and tempered alloy steel bars
A 505 Hot-rolled and cold-rolled alloy steel sheet and strip
A 506 Regular quality hot-rolled and cold-rolled alloy steel sheet and strip
A 507 Drawing quality hot-rolled and cold-rolled alloy steel sheet and strip
A 510 Carbon steel wire rods and coarse round wire
A 534 Carburizing steels for antifriction bearings
A 535 Special quality ball and roller bearing steel
A 544 Scrapless nut quality carbon steel wire
A 545 Cold-heading quality carbon steel wire for machine screws
A 546 Cold-heading quality medium high carbon steel wire for hexagon-head bolts
A 547 Cold-heading quality alloy steel wire for hexagon-head bolts
A 548 Cold-heading quality carbon steel wire for tapping or sheet metal screws
A 549 Cold-heading quality carbon steel wire for wood screws
A 575 Merchant quality hot-rolled carbon steel bars
A 576 Special quality hot-rolled carbon steel bars
A 646 Premium quality alloy steel blooms and billets for aircraft and aerospace forgings
Trang 9A 659 Commercial quality hot-rolled carbon steel sheet and strip
A 682 Cold-rolled spring quality carbon steel strip, generic
A 684 Untempered cold-rolled high-carbon steel strip
A 689 Carbon and alloy steel bars for springs
A 711 Carbon and alloy steel blooms, billets, and slabs for forging
A 713 High-carbon spring steel wire for heat-treated components
A 752 Alloy steel wire rods and coarse around wire
A 827 Carbon steel plates for forging and similar applications
A 829 Structural quality alloy steel plates
A 830 Structural quality carbon steel plates
General Specifications. Several ASTM specifications, such as A 20 covering steel plate used for pressure vessels, contain the general requirements common to each member of a broad family of steel products Table 29 lists general specifications for a number of product forms As shown in Table 29, these general specifications are often supplemented
by additional specifications describing a different mill form or intermediate fabricated product Articles describing the compositions and properties of steels used for each of the product forms listed in Table 29 follow in this Section
Table 29 General ASTM specifications (in boldface) with corresponding supplementary specifications used
to describe primary carbon and low-alloy steel product forms
ASTM
designation
Title of specification
ASTM A 6/A 6M: General requirements for rolled steel plates, shapes, sheet piling, and bars for structural use(a)
A 36/A 36M Structural steel
A 131/A 131M Structural steel for ships
A 242/A 242M High-strength low-alloy structural steel
A 283/A 283M Low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plates, shapes, and bars
Trang 10A 284/A 284M Low and intermediate tensile strength carbon-silicon steel plates for machine parts and general construction
A 328/A 328M Steel sheet piling
A 441/A 441M High-strength low-alloy structural manganese-vanadium steel
A 514/A 514M High yield strength, quenched and tempered alloy steel plate suitable for welding
A 529/A 529M
Structural steel with 290 MPa (42 ksi) minimum yield point (12.7 mm, or 1
2in., maximum thickness)
A 572/A 572M High-strength low-alloy niobium-vanadium steels of structural quality
A 573/A 573M Structural carbon steel plates of improved toughness
A 588/A 588M High-strength low-alloy structural steel with 345 MPa (50 ksi) minimum yield point to 100 mm (4 in.) thick
A 633/A 633M Normalized high-strength low-alloy structural steel
A 656/A 656M Hot-rolled structural steel, high-strength low-alloy plate with improved formability
A 678/A 678M Quenched and tempered carbon steel plates for structural applications
A 690/A 690M High-strength low-alloy steel H-piles and sheet piling for use in marine environments
A 709 Structural steel for bridges
A 710/A 710M Low-carbon age-hardening nickel-copper-chromium-molybdenum-niobium and nickel-copper-niobium alloy
steels
A 769/A 769M Electric resistance welded steel shapes
A 786/A 786M Rolled steel floor plates
A 808/A 808M High-strength low-alloy carbon-manganese-niobium-vanadium steel of structural quality with improved
notch toughness
A 827 Plates, carbon steel, for forging and similar applications
A 829 Plates, alloy steel, structural quality
A 830 Plates, carbon steel, structural quality, furnished to chemical composition requirements
Trang 11A 852/A 852M Quenched and tempered low-alloy structural steel plate
A 857 Steel sheet piling, cold formed, light gage
A 871/A 871M High-strength low-alloy structural steel plate with atmospheric corrosion resistance
ASTM A 20/A 20M: General requirements for steel plates for pressure vessels(a)
A 202/A 202M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, chromium-manganese-silicon
A 203/A 203M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, nickel
A 204/A 204M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, molybdenum
A 225/A 225M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, manganese-vanadium
A 285/A 285M Pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, low and intermediate tensile strength
A 299/A 299M Pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, manganese-silicon
A 302/A 302M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, manganese-molybdenum and manganese-molybdenum-nickel
A 353/A 353M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, 9% Ni, double normalized and tempered
A 387/A 387M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, chromium-molybdenum
A 442/A 442M Pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, improved transition properties
A 455/A 455M Pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, high-strength manganese
A 515/A 515M Pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, for intermediate- and higher-temperature service
A 516/A 516M Pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, for moderate- and lower-temperature service
A 517/A 517M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, high-strength, quenched and tempered
A 533/A 533M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, quenched and tempered molybdenum and
manganese-molybdenum-nickel
A 537/A 537M Pressure vessel plates, heat-treated carbon-manganese-silicon steel
Trang 12A 538/A 538M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, precipitation hardening (maraging), 18% Ni
A 542/A 542M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, quenched and tempered chromium-molybdenum
A 543/A 543M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, quenched and tempered nickel-chromium-molybdenum
A 553/A 553M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, quenched and tempered 8 and 9% Ni
A 562/A 562M Pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, manganese, titanium, for glass or diffused metallic coatings
A 605/A 605M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, quenched and tempered nickel-cobalt-molybdenum-chromium
A 612/A 612M Pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, high strength, for moderate- and lower-temperature service
A 645/A 645M Pressure vessel plates, 5% Ni, alloy steel, specially heat treated
A 662/A 662M Pressure vessel plates, carbon-manganese, for moderate- and lower-temperature service
A 724/A 724M Pressure vessel plates, carbon steel, quenched and tempered, for welded layered pressure vessels
A 734/A 734M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel and high-strength low-alloy steel, quenched and tempered
A 735/A 735M Pressure vessel plates, low-carbon manganese-molybdenum-niobium alloy steel, for moderate- and
lower-temperature service
A 736/A 736M Pressure vessel plates, low-carbon age-hardening nickel-copper-chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy steel
A 737/A 737M Pressure vessel plates, high-strength low-alloy steel
A 738/A 738M Pressure vessel plates, heat-treated carbon-manganese-silicon steel, for moderate- and lower-temperature
service
A 782/A 782M Pressure vessel plates, quenched and tempered manganese-chromium-molybdenum-silicon-zirconium alloy
steel
A 832/A 832M Pressure vessel plates, alloy steel, chromium-molybdenum-vanadium-titanium-boron
A 841/A 841M Pressure vessel plates, produced by the thermomechanical control process
A 844/A 844M Pressure vessel plates 9% Ni alloy, produced by the direct-quenching process
ASTM A29/A 29M:(b): General requirements for hot-rolled and cold-finished carbon and alloy steel bars(c)
Trang 13Hot-rolled carbon steel bars
A 321 Steel bars, carbon, quenched and tempered
A 499 Steel bars and shapes rerolled from rail steel, hot-rolled carbon
A 575(b) Steel bars, merchant quality, hot-wrought carbon
A 576(b) Steel bars, carbon, hot wrought, special quality
A 663 Steel bars, merchant quality, hot-wrought carbon, subject to mechanical property requirements
A 675 Steel bars and bar-size shapes, carbon, hot wrought, special quality, subject to mechanical property
requirements
A 689(b) Steel bars for springs, carbon and alloy
A 695 Steel bars, carbon, hot wrought, special quality, for fluid power applications
Cold-finished carbon steel bars
A 108(b) Steel bars, carbon, cold finished, standard quality
A 311 Steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements, stress relief annealed cold-drawn carbon
Hot-rolled alloy steel bars
A 322(b) Steel bars, hot-wrought alloy
A 304(b) Steel bars, alloy, subject to end-quench hardenability requirements
A 434(b) Steel bars, alloy, hot wrought or cold finished, quenched and tempered
A 739 Steel bars, alloy, hot wrought, for elevated-temperature or pressure-containing parts, or both
Cold-finished alloy steel bars
A 331(b) Steel bars, alloy, cold finished
A 434(b) Steel bars, alloy, hot rolled or cold finished, quenched and tempered
Trang 14A 696 Steel bars, carbon, hot rolled and cold finished, special quality, for pressure piping components and other
pressure-containing parts
ASTM A 450/A 450M: General requirements for carbon, ferritic-alloy, and austenitic-alloy steel tubes(d)
A 161 Seamless low-carbon and carbon-molybdenum steel still tubes for refinery service
A 178/A 178M Electric resistance welded carbon steel boiler tubes
A 179/A 179M Seamless cold-drawn low-carbon steel heat exchanger and condenser tubes
A 192/A 192M Seamless carbon steel boiler tubes for high-pressure service
A 199/A 199M Seamless cold-drawn intermediate alloy steel heat exchanger and condenser tubes
A 200 Seamless intermediate alloy steel still tubes for refinery service
A 209/A 209M Seamless carbon-molybdenum alloy steel boiler and superheater tubes
A 210/A 210M Seamless medium-carbon steel boiler and superheater tubes
A 213/A 213M Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater, and heat exchanger tubes
A 214/A 214M Electric resistance welded carbon steel heat exchanger and condenser tubes
A 226/A 226M Electric resistance welded carbon steel boiler and superheater tubes for high-pressure service
A 249/A 249M Welded austenitic steel, boiler, superheater, heat, exchanger, and condenser tubes
A 250/A 250M Electric resistance welded carbon-molybdenum alloy steel boiler and superheater tubes
A 268/A 268M Seamless and welded ferritic stainless steel tubing for general service
A 269 Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service
A 270 Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel sanitary tubing
A 271 Seamless austenitic chromium-nickel steel still tubes for refinery service
A 334/A 334M Seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel tubes for low-temperature service
Trang 15A 423/A 423M Seamless and electric welded low-alloy steel tubes
A 539 Electric resistance welded coiled steel tubing for gas and fuel oil lines
A 556/A 556M Seamless cold-drawn carbon steel feedwater heater tubes
A 557/A 557M Electric resistance welded carbon steel feedwater heater tubes
A 688/A 688M Welded austenitic stainless steel feedwater heater tubes
A 692 Seamless medium-strength carbon-molybdenum alloy steel boiler and superheater tubes
A 771 Austenitic stainless steel tubing for breeder reactor core components
A 789/A 789M Seamless and welded ferritic and austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service
A 791/A 791M Welded unannealed ferritic stainless steel tubing
A 803/A 803M Welded ferritic stainless steel feedwater heater tubes
A 822 Seamless, cold-drawn carbon steel piping tubing for hydraulic system service
A 826 Austenitic and ferritic stainless steel duct tubes for breeder reactor core components
A 851 High-frequency induction-welded unannealed austenitic steel condenser tubes
ASTM A 530/A 530M: General requirements for specialized carbon and alloy steel pipe(d)
A 106 Seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service
A 312/A 312M Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipe
A 333/A 333M Seamless and welded steel pipe for low-temperature service
A 335/A 335M Seamless ferritic alloy steel pipe for high-temperature service
A 358/A 358M Electric fusion welded austenitic chromium-nickel alloy steel pipe for high-temperature service
A 369/A 369M Carbon and ferritic alloy steel forged and bored pipe for high-temperature service
A 376/A 376M Seamless austenitic steel pipe for high-temperature central station service
Trang 16A 381 Metal arc welded steel pipe for high-pressure transmission systems
A 405 Seamless ferritic alloy steel pipe specially heat treated for high-temperature service
A 409/A 409M Welded large-diameter austenitic steel pipe for corrosive or high-temperature service
A 426 Centrifugally cast ferritic alloy steel pipe for high-temperature service
A 430/A 430M Austenitic steel forged and bored pipe for high-temperature service
A 451 Centrifugally cast austenitic steel pipe for high-temperature service
A 452 Centrifugally cast austenitic steel cold-wrought pipe for high-temperature service
A 524 Seamless carbon steel pipe for atmospheric and lower temperatures
A 608 Centrifugally cast iron-chromium-nickel high-alloy tubing for pressure application at high temperatures
A 660 Centrifugally cast carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service
A 671 Electric fusion welded steel pipe for atmospheric and lower temperatures
A 672 Electric fusion welded steel pipe for high-pressure service at moderate temperatures
A 691 Carbon and alloy steel pipe electric fusion welded for high-pressure service and high temperatures
A 731/A 731M Seamless and welded ferritic stainless steel pipe
A 790/A 790M Seamless and welded ferritic and austenitic stainless steel pipe
A 813/A 813M Single- or double-welded austenitic stainless steel pipe
A 814/A 814M Cold-worked welded austenitic stainless steel pipe
A 872 Centrifugally cast ferritic and austenitic stainless steel pipe for corrosive environments
ASTM A 682: General requirements for cold-rolled spring quality high-carbon steel strip(e)
A 680 Steel, carbon strip, cold rolled hard, untempered spring quality
A 684 Steel, carbon strip, cold rolled soft, untempered spring quality
Trang 17ASTM A 749: General requirements for hot-rolled carbon and high-strength low-alloy steel strip
ASTM A 505(b): General requirements for hot-rolled and cold-rolled alloy steel sheet and strip(e)
A 506(b) Alloy steel sheet and strip, hot rolled and cold rolled, regular quality and structural quality
A 507(b) Alloy steel sheet and strip, hot rolled and cold rolled, drawing quality
A 873/A 873M Chromium-molybdenum alloy steel sheet and strip for pressure vessels
ASTM A 505(b): General requirements for carbon steel wire rods and coarse round wire(e)
ASTM A 752(b): General requirements for alloy steel wire rods and coarse bound wire(e)
(a) From Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04
(b) Specification incorporates SAE-AISI designations as indicated in Table 28
(c) From Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05
(d) From Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01
(e) From Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03
International Designations and Specifications
The steel industry has undergone major changes during the past 15 to 20 years No longer is the international steel marketplace dominated by the United States In fact, the steel produced in all of North America accounts for less than 14% of total world production The distribution of steel production among various nations is illustrated in Fig 3; production figures are given in Table 30 With continuing advances in production by third world developing countries (Fig 4), the international steel marketplace will continue to experience substantial changes during the 1990s
Table 30 World production of raw steel by country
Trang 19Total other Western Europe 29,050 3.4 27,227 3.4 26,414 3.3
Total Western Europe 180,628 21.0 166,839 20.6 165,019 20.9
Eastern Europe (communist bloc)
Trang 21Total free world 532,354 61.9 489,309 60.3 471,682 59.8
Total communist bloc 327,185 38.1 321,770 39.7 317,266 40.2
Total world production 859,539 100.0 811,079 100.0 788,948 100.0
Trang 22Fig 3 World production of raw steel by region See also Table 30 Source: Ref 12
Trang 23Fig 4 Annual crude steel production for various industrialized and developing nations Source: Wharton
Econometric Forecasting Associates
Because steelmaking technology is available worldwide, familiarity with international designations and/or specifications for steels is critical Table 31 cross-references SAE steels with those of a selected group of international designations and specifications, which are described below Tables 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43 provide chemical compositions for the non-SAE steels listed in Table 31 More detailed information on cross-referencing of steels can be found in Ref 20 and 21
Table 31 Cross-reference to steels
This table cross-references standard SAE carbon and low-alloy steels to selected chemically similar steels from specifications
established by standards organizations from the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Sweden Chemical compositions of the non-SAE steels listed in this table can be found in Tables 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, and
United Kingdom (BS)
France (AFNOR NF)
Italy (UNI)
Sweden (SS14)
Trang 241449 40F30, 43F35, 46F40, 50F45, 60F55, 68F62, 75F70 (available in
HR, HS, CS conditions)
1449 4HR, 4HS, 4CR, 4CS
970 040A10 (En2A, En2A/1, En2B)
970 045A10, 045M10 (En32A)
970 050A10
970 060A10
980 CEWI
A33-101 AF34 CC10
970 050A12
970 060A12
A33-101 AF37 A-35 551 XC12 C12
5869 1KG, Fe360-2KW
Trang 25970 040A20
970 050A20 (En2C, En2D)
970 060A20
A35-551 XC18 A35-552 XC18 A35-566 XC18 A35-553 C20 A35-553 XC18S A35-554 XC18S CC20
Trang 26970 060A27
970 080A27 (En5A)
A33-101 AF50 CC28
XC38TS C35
XC38H2 XC42, XC42TS
Trang 27970 080M40 (En8) 7065 C41
1042 1.0517, D45-2 G4051 S43C 970 060A42
970 080A42 (En8D)
A35-552 XC42H1 A35-553 C40 CC45 XC42, XC42TS
970 060A47
970 080A47
970 080M46
A33-101 AF65 A35-552 XC48H1 A35-553 XC45 A35-554 XC48 XC48TS C45
STKM17A (17A) G3445 STKM17C (17C)
970 060A47
970 080A47
A35-552 XC48H1 A35-554 XC48 XC48TS
Trang 283545 C75
7064 C75
1774
Trang 301456 Grade A
970 150M19 (En14A, En14B)
SMn433H G4106 SMn1 G4106 SMn433 G5111 SCMn2 G5111 SCMn3
970 135M44
970 150M40
40M5 45M5 A35-552 40M6
2128
Trang 314838 CF35SMn10
Trang 331717 CDS110
970 708A30
A35-552 30CD4 A35-556 30CD4 A35-557 30CD4
30CrMo4
6929 35CrMo4F
7356 34CrMo4KB
SCM435H G4105 SCM1 G4105 SCM432 G4105 SCM3 G4105 SCM435
970 708A37
970 708H37
35CD4 A35-552 35CD4 A35-553 35CD4 A35-556 35CD4 A35-557 34CD4
5332 35CrMo4
6929 35CrMo4F
7356 34CrMo4KB
5332 40CrMo4
5333 38CrMo4
7356 38CrMo4KB
SCM440H G4103 SNCM4 G4105 SCM4 G4105 SCM440
Trang 34SCM445H G4105 SCM5, SCM445
A35-553 45SCD6 A35-571 50SCD6
A35-565 18NCD4 A35-565 20NCD7
3097 20NiCrMo7
5331 18NiCrMo7
7846 18NiCrMo7
2523 2523-
02
4340 1.6565, 40NiCrMo6 G4103 SNCM8
G4103 SNCM439 G4108 SNB23-1-5
G4108 1-5
Trang 35
SMnC443 G5111 SCMnCr4
A35-556 38C2 A35-557 38C2 A35-552 42C2 A35-556 42C2 A35-557 42C2
Trang 36SCr415H G4104 SCr21 G4104 SCr415
970 527A17
970 527H17
970 527M17
16MC5 A35-551 16MC5
SCr420H G4052 SMn21H G4052 SMn421H G4104 SCr22 G4104 SCr420
970 530A32 (En18B)
970 530A36 (En18C)
970 530H32
A35-552 32C4 A35-553 32C4 A35-556 32C4 A35-557 32C4
3111 Type 3
970 530A36 (En18C)
970 530H36
38C4 A35-552 38Cr4 A35-553 38Cr4 A35-556 38Cr4 A35-557 38Cr4
Trang 38970 805M25
25NCD4 A35-556 25MNCD6 A35-566 25MNDC6
5333 40NiCrMo4
7356 40NiCrMo2KB
Trang 397356 40NiCrMo2KB
E9310 1.6657, 14NiCrMo13 4 970 832H13
970 832M13 (En36C) S.157
15NiCrMo13
9335 10NiCrMo13
Table 32 Chemical compositions of German (DIN) carbon, carbon-manganese, resulfurized, and
resulfurized/rephosphorized steels referenced in Table 31
Nearest
SAE grade
Trang 400.20-0.080 0.050
0.03-0.30
0.50
0.03-0.60
0.40-0.040 0.040
0.11 0.17
0.30
0.03-0.60
0.15-0.60